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1997 05 22 HPC�T F � Z f' b OF ll�t HISTORICAL PRESERVATION COMMISSION AGENDA A Regular Meeting to be held in the Session Room at the La Quinta City Hall, 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, California May 22, 1997. 3:30 P.M. I. CALL TO ORDER A. Pledge of Allegiance B. Roll Call II. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA III. PUBLIC COMMENT This is the time: set aside for citizens to address the Historical Preservation Commission on matters relating to historic resources within the City of La Quinta which are not Agenda items. When addressing the Historical Commission, please state your name and address and when discussing matters pertaining to prehistoric sites, do not disclose the exact location of the site(s) for their protection. IV. CONSENT CALENDAR Approval of the Minutes of the Historic Preservation Commission meeting of April 17, 1997. V. BUSINESS ITEMS 481h Avenue Extension/Adams Street widening - Archaeological investigation overview 2. Specific: Plan 97-029 - "The Centre at La Quinta", review and recommendation of the Cultural resources section of the Draft Environmental Impact Report for an 87 acre Auto Sales/Services Mall and Mixed Use Regional Commercial Center on the south side of State Highway 111 and between Adams Street and Dune Palms Road. VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS VIII. ADJOURNMENT •'oV V LOOT HPC/AGENDA MINUTES HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION MEETING A regular meeting held at the La Quinta City Hall North Conference: Room 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, CA April 17, 1997 L CALL TO ORDER 3:30 P.M. A. This meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission was called to order at 3:38 P.M. by Chairman Millis. B. ROLL CALL 1. Chairman Millis requested the roll call: Present: Commissioners DeMersman, Puente, and Chairman Millis. 2. It was moved and seconded Commissioners Puente/DeMersman to excuse Commissioner Wright. Unanimously approved. 3. Staff present: Planning Manager Christine di Iorio, Associate Planner Leslie Mouriquand, and Executive Secretary Betty Sawyer. III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA: Confirmed. II. PUBLIC COMMENT: A. Nancy Carter stated she was attending the meeting to show her interest in becoming a lay member of the Commission. B. Barbara Irwin, Director of the La Quinta Historical Society Museum, stated she was attending to show her interest in becoming a lay member of the Commission. IV. CONSENT CALENDAR: A. It was moved and seconded by Commissioners DeMersman/Puente to approve the Minutes of January 16, 1997 and February 20, 1997, as submitted. Unanimously approved. V. BUSINESS ITEMS A. Adams Street Archaeological Report; a request of staff for review of form and completeness. HPC4a 7 1 :: t Q 0 2 Historical Preservation Commission April 17. 1997 l . Associate Planner Leslie Mouriquand presented the information contained in the staff report, a copy of which is on file in the Community ]Development Department. Staff displayed some of the artifacts that had been found on the site. 2. Chairman Millis discussed some of the differences found in the pottery and noted that some of the differences were due to its location. Staff explained that pottery from different areas has been found in the La Quinta area 3. Commissioner Puente asked what would happen to these artifacts. Staff stated they would be staying in La Quinta, to be used in educational displays and available for qualified researchers to study. 4. Chairman Millis stated his appreciation that a person of Ms. Mouriquand's expertise was on staff at the City. 5. The report was accepted as presented. B. Progress Report on Historic Resources Survev I-IPC4-17 Pam O'Connor, Mellon and Associates, gave a progress report on the Historical Resources Survey. She stated they were currently concentrating their work on the Cove area of La Quinta as it would be the most labor intensive. She displayed photographs and survey forms that had been started and were being prepared. 2. Associate Planner Leslie Mouriquand asked if they had found any patterning of the houses constructed. Ms. O'Connor stated they did not anticipate any clustering due to the fact that at that time, people wanted the separation and distance between their homes. 3. Chairman Millis stated that in the beginning the Cove was "banded" and homes were sold as strips of land. 4. Planning Manager Christine di lorio asked if a certain style of home dominated at any particular time. Ms. O'Connor stated that as they progress with their research, the Mediterranean style does seem to dominate. 2 , ,,06003 Historical Preservation Commission April 17. 1997 5. Commissioner Puente asked if any contact had been made with the present owners. Ms. O'Connor stated they had met some during the process but only general discussions had taken place. Discussion followed regarding notable people who had homes in La Quinta. 6. Staff asked if the original ownership of any of the homes had surfaced. Ms. O'Connor stated that to date none had surfaced. It would probably take a title search to make that determination. 7. Staff asked if volunteers would be needed for the survey. Ms. O'Connor stated they would and she would notify staff when they were needed. 8. There being no further discussion, Chairman Millis thanked Ms. O'Connor for her report. VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL A. Associate Planner Leslie Mouriquand discussed the different conferences and events that were available for the Commissioners to attend. Staff also informed the Commissioners that they could receive annual training credits for attending the May 3`l Symposium. VII COMMISSIONER ITEMS A. Commissioner DeMersman informed the Commission that the Board of the California Preservation Foundation would be in the Coachella Valley April 18-20th and there would be a reception at his home in Palm Springs. The Commission was invited to attend. The Board would be discussing the possibility of holding their 1999 Conference in Palm Springs. Discussion followed regarding the components of the conference. VIII. ADJOURNMENT There being no further business, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/DeMersman to adjourn this meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission to a regular meeting of the Historical Preservation Commission on May 15, 1997. This meeting of the Historical Preservation Commission was adjourned at 4:29 P.M. Unanimously approved. HPC4-17 3 .Gll' 004 BI #1 `r'uN' "f 4F'Quixfw MEMORANDUM TO: HONORABLE CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS OF THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION FROM: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT DATE: MAY 22, 1996 SUBJECT: 48"AVENUE EXTENSION/ADAMS STREET WIDENING A verbal presentation will be made by Archaeological Advisory Group on the above -noted subject during your May 22nd meeting. There are no reports or information available at this time. ,..6�, 005 BI #2 HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: MAY 22, 1997 CASE NO: SPECIFIC PLAN 97-029, PARCEL MAP 28252, DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT 97-002, SITE DEVELOPMENT PERMIT 97-603 AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 97-337; DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT "THE CENTRE AT LA QUINTA" ITEM: CULTURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION REPORT DEVELOPER: STAMKO DEVELOPMENT CO. ARCHAEOLOGISTS: CRM TECH, BRUCE LOVE, AND EIP ASSOCIATES, JEANETTE MC KENNA LOCATION: SOUTHEAST CORNER OF ADAMS STREET AND STATE HIGHWAY 111 PROJECT: DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTO SALES ANI) SERVICES MALL AND A MIXED -USE, REGIONAL COMMERCIAL CENTER ON 87 ACRES. BACKGROUND In compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) a Cultural Resources Evaluation was prepared for the project site and is included in the Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR), Appendices (Attachments 1 & 2). The draft EIR is currently under the 45-day public review and comment period from April 21, 1997 through June 4, 1997. The initial Phase I survey was prepared for a previous project that included the proposed auto sales and services mall and mixed -use, regional commercial center site. Its conclusions recommended Phase II testing of sites located within the proposed project area. The Phase 1I technical report is included in the EIR appendices. No important cultural resources were identified during the testing process. The test sites revealed no evidence of significant remains and none exhibited stratigraphic integrity. However, the archaeological sensitivity for buried resources remains and it is recommended that a qualified, professional archaeologist monitor the entire first grading phase. RECOMMENDATION Adopt Minute Motion to accept the Cultural Resources Evaluation for Environmental Impact Report "The Centre at La Quinta" as partial compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Attachments: I. Excerpt ofEIR Text, Section 5.12 (Cultural Resources) 2. Cultural Resources Evaluation Report Submitted by: AIM i U1� Christine di Iorio, Planning Manager :.�007 5.12 CULTURAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION Recent archaeological investigations of the proposed project site were based on the initial Phase I survey results prepared by the Archaeological Research Unit at the University of California, Riverside, for the previously proposed La Quinta Canyon Center project (Everson 1992). The currently proposed project area involves a portion of the property surveyed by Everson. Phase II testing of sites located within the redefined project area was based on supplemental data provided by CRM Tech (Love 1996) and EIP Associates (McKenna 1997), and the Phase II archaeological investigations were completed by CRM Tech between December, 1996, and January, 1997 (Love 1997). Phase II investigations addressed seven recorded resources located within the project area. The Phase II technical report prepared by CRM Tech is included as Appendix I of this document. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The project area is located within mesquite dunes associated with the northern shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, a freshwater lake. Lake Cahuilla once covered much of the Salton Basin, a desert basin landform bordering the northern extent of the Colorado Desert, and is the forerunner of the present-day Salton Sea (Norris and Webb 1990:255). The areas associated with Lake Cahuilla are underlain by the Palm Springs Formation, a soft, non -marine formation known to contain petrified wood and sandstone concretions. Sediments within Lake Cahuilla form a nearly horizontal cover over the buried bedrock. This cover is generally a few meters thick but can be found to exceed 900 meters in some areas. Lake Cahuilla was filled numerous times as tributaries of the Colorado River changed their courses. Between fillings, evaporation quickly reduced the lake level, often leaving a Oust on the central part of the basin floor. Geological data suggest Lake Cahuilla was last filled between A.D. 900 and 1400, possibly to its highest shoreline. Elevations within the Centre at La Quinta study area average approximately 60 feet above sea level, or approximately 18 to 20 feet above the high water line for Lake Cahuilla. Sand dunes surrounding Lake Cahuilla are associated with the extensive sand dunes characteristic of the Colorado Desert. Geologists have attributed the dunes to accumulations of sand being blown ashore from the beaches of Lake Cahuilla, sand transported from the Colorado River areas, and sand trapped 5.12-1 The Centre at La Quinta Dorf ELF April 199; ..U�. 008 5.12 Cultural Resources by buried faults. The movement of sands throughout the Colorado Desert has rendered this area the largest tract of desert dunes in North America (Norris and Webb 1990:268). The Centre at La Quinta project area is associated with the Sonoran Life Zone (Muni 1974). The Sonoran Life Zone supports a desert vegetation which is characterized by the presence of creosote bush mesquite, and desert sage scrub. Temperatures vary considerably, depending on the time of year, and the area is generally arid. Significant water run-off generally occurs two or three times every five years, resulting in a clearing of wind blown sands from channels and the cutting of steep banks. These channels provide additional catchments for wind blown sands. The project area is located within the Coachella Valley, known to be associated with numerous Native American villages and/or settlements (rancherias) of the Desert Cahuilla (Kroeber 1925 and 1976; Strong 1929, and Bean 1978). The Desert Cahuilla are one of three distinct Cahuilla populations that are specifically associated with the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla had a relatively complex social organization based on lineages or clans. Individual clans occupied village sites and exploited individualized territories. Interactions with other clans provided exchange in the forms of trade, marriage alliances, and social/ceremonial contact. Population estimates for the prehistoric Cahuilla range from 3600 to 10,000 individuals. These individuals maintained extensive networks for trade including contacts along the Colorado River and the Pacific Coast. Trails, small camp sites, and other limited use areas have been recorded throughout the Valley and attest to the wide -spread use of the Valley by prehistoric man. Additional evidence of long-term occupation has been identified along the various shorelines of prehistoric Lake Cahuilla. Trade routes (e.g., the Cocomaricopa Trail) and encampments in areas providing fresh water have been identified throughout the Valley and some are known to have been used in historic times by various explorers and settlers of the 1700s and 1800s. With the shifting of sand dunes in the Colorado Desert, archaeological resources associated with the Desert Cahuilla may be found on the desert surface or buried at various depths throughout the area. Non -Native American settlement of the La Quinta area began after 1900. Early homesteads were filed with the U.S. General Land Office (Love et al. 1992:13). Township 5 South, Range 7 East, Section 29 (which includes the current project area) was granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1905. Between 1905 and approximately 1950, Section 29, which contains the project site, was left undisturbed while surrounding areas were impacted. The La Quinta Hotel, for example, was constructed in 1926 as a resort location and in the 1930s numerous "weekend homes" appear in the La Quinta area, emphasizing the use of the area for recreational purposes (City of La Quinta 1996:31). The 1920s are also associated 5.12-2 The Centre at La Qamta Drat E1R April 1997 009 5.1.2 Cultural Resources with the abandonment of the prehistoric/historic Cocomaricopa Trail alignment after the County of Riverside constructed the alignment now known as State Route 111. The 1950s were associated with unprecedented growth in the Coachella Valley. This growth is credited to the completion of the Coachella Canal (ca. 1948-49) which provided a stable fresh water source for irrigation and agriculture. Such improvements are first noted in the project area in 1952, when assessor records note the initiation of agricultural improvements. Over one half of the project area was covered by date and citrus orchards by 1955-59. A residential site is present within the eastern portion of the property. Maintenance of the orchards ceased in the late 1970s and the residential site was demolished prior to 1987. Over the last ten years, the majority of the property has been reclaimed by the desert sand dunes. Previous research for this project area identified a minim» of seven cultural resources within the specific project boundaries and a significant number of resources tan surrounding properties. Everson surveyed the property in 1992 and recorded prehistoric remains, historic remains, and areas exhibiting a combination of prehistoric and historic elements. Recent investigations by CRM Tech (Love 1997) addressed the seven known resources within the project area. Each was recorded by Everson in 1992 (Table 35). Table 35 Archaeological Sites Recorded within the Project Area Site Number Citation Description . Current Status CA-RIV-4745 Everson 1992 Sparse Shell and Lithic Scatter Tested CA-RIV-4748H Everson 1992 Water Valve Towers, Fence, and Piping Historic/Modem CA-RIV-4749H Everson 1992 Historic Residential Complex Historic/Modem CA-RIV-4750/H Everson 1992 Historic Refuse Scatter with Small Shard Scatter Tested CA-RIV-4752 Everson 1992 Prehistoric Shell and Lithic Scatter Tested CA-RIV4755H Everson 1992 Dirt Road Historic/Modem CA RIV-4756H Everson 1992 Concrete Valve Tower Fence and Piping Historic/Modem Source: CRM Tech, 1997. Research completed by CRM Tech resulted in a redefining of historic resources that were previously categorized by Everson (1992). All resources identified by Everson as historic were redefined as modem resources. Each of these resources was found to post-date 1952. These sites included CA-RIV-4748H, CA-RIV-4749H, CA-RIV-4755H, and CA-RIV-4756H. No further studies were completed with respect to these sites and all four were declared insignificant cultural resources. 5.12-3 the eenm at rn Quinta Dm t Em April 1997 .1i..010 5.12 Cultural Resources The remaining three sites were subjected to additional surface recordation and subsurface excavations. CRM Tech excavated ten controlled archaeological units within CA-RIV-4752; two units within CA- RIV-4745; and an additional unit within CA-RIV-4750/H. CRM Tech determined that prehistoric remains recovered from CA-RIV-4752 represented shallow and sparse deposits associated with the first ten centimeters of sandy soil. The average depth of the excavation units was 32 on below surface. CRM Tech noted that these deposits appeared highly disturbed with little or no site integrity (1997:23). Testing at CA-RIV-4745 resulted in similar findings. The ten CRM Tech excavation units were taken to 30 cm below surface and cultural materials were recovered from the first ten centimeters only. This site was also highly disturbed and found to lack cultural integrity. Testing at CA-RIV-4750/H resulted in the recovery of 73 individual items (26 from Unit 1 and 47 from Unit 2). All of these items were catalogued and determined to be of modem origin (1950s and 1960s). No evidence of prehistoric remains was found. CRM Tech determined that this site was not historic and did not include prehistoric remains. Based on the results of testing completed by CRM Tech, all resources identified within the current project area were determined to be insignificant. None of the sites yielded evidence of significant remains and none exhibited stratigraphfc integrity. However, CRM Tech emphasized that the area of La Quinta is still sensitive for prehistoric cultural remains because such remains are often found in deeply buried contexts, as evidenced during the archaeological excavations of sites located just west of Adams Street. IMPACT ANALYSIS Impact Significance Criteria The approach to the current research was all designed to address the potential significance of each site or concentration of sites in accordance with criteria presented in the California Public Resources Code (PRC §5202.10) and Appendix K of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). CEQA specifies that a significant resource is "...a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historic Resources" (PRC §21084.1). Criteria for eligibility to the California Register of Historic Places follow the basic criteria for listing presented in federal Code of Federal Regulations 36 CRF 60.4, as follows: 5.12-4 The Centre at la gidnta Draft EIR f�l 011 April 7997 5.12 Cultural Resources The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites., buildings, structure, and objects that possess integrity of locations, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: (a) That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or (b) That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or (c) That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or (d) That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Appendix K of CEQA presents additional criteria for archaeological resources evaluated for determination as "important archaeological resources." These criteria include: (a) Is associated with an event or person of: 1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or 2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory; (b) Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or archaeological research questions; (c) Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest, or last surviving example of its kind; (d) Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial etratigraphfc integrity; or (e) Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. Project Impacts Development of the proposed project is planned to be completed in three major phases. Grading and site preparation would occur in two phases. The first one involves complete alteration of the western half 5.12-5 The Centre at La Quinta Draft EIR April 1997 .J G 012 5.12 Cultural Resources of the site, including site clearance, installation of utilities, and preparation of roads and building pads. The second grading and site preparation phase will include the eastern half of the property. To date, no archaeological resources meeting any of the aforementioned criteria for significance have been identified within the project area. Therefore, the proposed improvements will have not have any foreseeable significant impact on important archaeological resources. Despite negative archaeological findings, the western half of the project site has been identified as a sensitive area for buried cultural remains. Therefore, the proposed grading, trenching, compaction, etc., may still result in an adverse impacts to cultural remains. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS The proposed development of The Centre at La Quinta project area may impact as yet unidentified important prehistoric cultural remains, as surrounding developments have impacted such resources. The loss of archaeological resources throughout the La Quinta area has resulted in a compounded loss of scientific data needed to understand the prehistory of this area. However, scientific data compiled as a result of this project and other projects in the general vicinity have the potential to yield information important to our understanding of the area's prehistory, as required by CEQA for a determination of significance. Each project yielding scientific data from archaeological projects will add to the growing data base for understanding the prehistoric occupation of the La Quinta area. No significant impacts to cultural resources are anticipated, as long as surveys are conducted by qualified archaeologists in conjunction with future development and public works projects to occur within archaeologically sensitive areas. MITIGATION MEASURES The archaeological sensitivity for the project area resulted in a CRM Tech recommendation for archaeological monitoring during grading and any other earth moving activities within the project area. The extent of monitoring would be determined by the overall development plan for the property. At this time, two major grading/site preparation phases are planned, consisting of work on the western half of the site in the first phase, and grading of the eastern half in a later second phase, as described earlier. All identified prehistoric remains were located in the western portion of the property and within the first grading phase. Therefore, sensitivity is greater in this area and intensive archaeological monitoring is recommended throughout the first grading phase. 5.12-6 The Centrr at In Qtdnta Draft E1R April 1997 .'tJ, 013 5.12 Cultural Resources CRl: A qualified, professional archaeologist will conduct intensive archaeological monitoring of the entire first grading phase. Based on the results of this monitoring program, recommendations for the extent of subsequent grading/site preparation phases can be reassessed. It is recommended that some level of monitoring be conducted throughout the project area, as cultural resources in this area of the desert often include delicate and relatively small finds (e.g., small campsites, cremations, or other ceremonial sites). It is recommended that the archaeological monitor have the authority to hall: any activities causing adverse impacts to potentially significant buried resources. Once identified, the archaeological consultant will evaluate the find(s) in accordance with criteria presented in Appendix K of CEQA. It is also recommended that the archaeological monitoring program involve Native American input, either as observers or consultants. The presence of a. Native American monitor would be at the discretion of the local Native American representative(s) and coordinated with the monitoring schedule. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION No important cultural resources have been identified within the proposed project area. However, the sensitivity for buried important resources has resulted in a recommendation for mitigation of potential impacts through archaeological monitoring. Completion of the recommended archaeological monitoring program will lessen any potentially significant: impacts to a level of insignificance and no otherwise unavoidable significant impacts are expected. 5.12-7 The Centre at la Quf * Dorf EIR April 1997 -���'� 014 CULTURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION REPORT Stamko Development Co. Project Site At the Intersection of SR 111 and Adams Street In the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California Project Area in 1955 Submitted to: Marvin Roos Mainiero, Smith & Associates, Inc. 77 East Tahquitz Canyon, Suite 301 Palm Springs, CA 92262 Submitted by: Bruce Love, Principal Bai 'Tom" Tang, Historian CRM TECH 126 Barret Road Riverside, CA 92507 In Association with Richard Norwood R T Factfinders Lancaster, California January 24, 1997 CRNI TECH Job x 23M Apprua. 50 Alm, Le t )umie. Calll., 7.5Qu.idranglc 4chun 14, TSS, R711. San Ikmanlinu liar• hlendum Silo C:b RI V-4745, .474ti 11, 4744 H. -1750/H, -4M. 47,511, and -4751,11 .Jtl. 015 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In December, 1996, and January, 1997, CRM TECH performed a cultural resources evaluation program on seven previously recorded archaeological sites, CA-RIV-4745,-4748H,-4749H,-4750/H, -4752,-4755H, and-4756H, located in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The locations of these sites are within the southwest quarter of Section 29, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, and a small portion of the northwest quarter of the same section lying south of Highway 111, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5' quadrangle. The evaluation program, commonly known as a Phase -II study, is necessitated by the proposed development of a 50-acre area encompassing all or part of the sites in question, to be undertaken by the Stamko Development Co. The City of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the development project, requires the present study in order to fulfill its cultural resources obligations mandated by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The purpose of the study is to assess whether any of these archaeological sites qualifies as a significant historical resource or important archaeological resource, as defined by CEQA (PRC §21084.1 and CEQA Guidelines App. K §III), and thereby assist the City of La Quinta in determining whether the proposed project would result in a significant effect on the environment. In order to accomplish these objectives, CRM TECH conducted field testing and artifact analysis on sites CA-RIV-4745,-4750/H, and -4752, and historical research on sites CA-RIV-4748H,-4749H,-4755H, and -4756H. The results of this study concludes that none of the sites in question meets CEQA criteria for significant historical resources or important archaeological resources. Therefore, CRM TECH recommends that the City of La Quinta may reach a finding of No Impact regarding cultural resources. However, due to the sensitive nature of the general area for prehistoric resources, it is recommended that grading and other earth -moving activities be monitored by a professional archaeologist. In the event that underground archaeological deposits are discovered during grading, work should be diverted from that area until the artifacts/sites can be evaluated and mitigation measures implemented. .01 016 TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY..................................................................................i INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................1 SETTING........................................................................................................................4 NaturalSetting.................................................................................................4 CulturalSetting................................................................................................4 RESEARCH DESIGN...................................................................................................6 METHODS.....................................................................................................................7 Historical Research...................................................................................... .7 FieldTesting......................................................................................................7 CA-RIV-4745..........................................................................................8 CA-RIV-4750 / H.....................................................................................9 CA-RIV-4752.........................................................................................9 Laboratory Analysis of Artifacts....................................................................10 Prehistoric Artifacts from CA-RIV-4745 and-4752......... 4.............10 Historic Artifacts from CA-RIV-4750; H.........................................10 RESULTS AND FINDINGS.. ....... m ........................................... m ....................... 4 ......... 13 Historical Background of the Project Area.... ............................................. 13 SiteCA-RIV-4745.............................................................................................M18 SiteCA-RIV-474SH.............. ............... ............. :.............. ........ 4......................... 19 SiteCA-RIV-4749H...........................................................................................19 Site CA-RIV-4750/H.........................................................................................20 SiteCA-RIV-4752...........................................................................4.................23 Site CA-RIV-4755H........................................................................................4.23 SiteCA-RIV-4756H....................................................................a...4..................25 DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................25 Significance Criteria.............................................................a...........................25 SiteEvaluation..................................................................................................26 CA-RIV-4745............... :.......................... ...................................... ......... 26 CA-RIV-4748H.............................................................................4........27 CA-RIV-4749H......................................................................................27 CA-RIV-4750/H....................................................................................27 CA-RIV-4752.........................................................................................27 CA-RIV-4755H......................................................................................28 CA-RIV-4756H......................................................................................28 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION.....................................................28 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................29 APPENDIX 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS.................................................32 APPENDIX 2: ARTIFACT CATALOGUE..............................................................37 ii � 0 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Project vicinity................................................................ Figure 2. Stamko Development Co. project area ..................... Figure 3. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4745...................... Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19, Figure 20. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4750/H................. Unit 1 at CA-RIV-4750/H.............................................. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4752....................... Unit 6 at CA-RIV-4752................................................... Unit 7 at CA-RIV-4752................................................... - ........................ 3 ........................8 ................8 ................9 ................9 Surface artifacts at CA-RIV-4752.............................................. The project vicinity in 1855-1856........................................... The project vicinity in 1901 ............................. The project vicinity in 1939 ............................. The project vicinity in 1941 ............................. The project vicinity in 1949 ............................. The project vicinity in 1955 ............................. The project vicinity in 1954-1957.................... The project vicinity in 1973 ............................. Overview of site CA-RIV-4745........................ Milk can with "solder dot" or "matchstick" ....9 ....10 .....................................16 .....................................16 .....................................17 .....................................17 .....................................19 vent hole ...................21 52 inches of fence post exposed.............. ................ LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Functional Domains of Historic Artifacts........ Table 2. Artifacts Recovered from CA-RIV-4745.............. Table 3. Artifacts Recovered from CA-RIV-4752.............. .......................12 ................... ....18 'M Cover figure: Aerial photograph of the project vicinity, 1955. iii , -J d 018 INTRODUCTION Between December, 1996, and January, 1997, at the request of Mainiero, Smith and Associates, Inc., CRM TECH performed a cultural resources evaluation program on seven previously recorded archaeological sites, CA-RIV-4745,-4748H,-4749H,-4750/H, -4752,-4755H, and-4756H, located in the Citv of La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Fig. 1). The locations of these sites are within the southwest quarter of Section 29, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, and a small portion of the northwest quarter of the same section lying to the south of Highway 111, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5' quadrangle (Fig. 2). The evaluation program, commonly known as a Phase-11 study, is a part of the environmental impact review process for the proposed development of a 50-acre area encompassing all or part of the sites in question, to be undertaken by the Stamko Development Co. The Citv of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the development project, requires the present study in compliance with provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA; PRC §21000, et seq.) on cultural resources. CRM TECH performed this study to assess whether any of these archaeological sites qualifies as a significant historical resource or important archaeological resource, as defined by CEQA (PRC §21084.1 and CEQA Guidelines App. K §III). On the basis of this assessment, the City of La Quinta will then determine whether the proposed project would result in a significant effect on the environment, pursuant to PRC §21084.1. During the course of the study, CRM TECH conducted field testing and artifact analysis on sites CA-RIV-4745,-4750/H, and -4752, and historical research on sites CA-RIV- 4748H,-4749H,-4755H, and-4756H. The following report is a complete account of the methods and results of the various avenues of research, and the final conclusion of thi study. BACKGROUND The archaeological sites that are the subject of this study were identified and recorded i March, 1992, during an archaeological survey by the Archaeological Research Unit at the University of California, Riverside. The survey covered approximately 160 acres of land, then designated as the La Quinta Center, that included the current project area in its entirety, and resulted in the recordation of a total of seven archaeological sites that are located wholly or partially within the current project boundaries (Everson 1992:1, 26) When first recorded in 1992, the seven sites were described as follows (Everson 1992:26 30; site records 1992): • CA-RIV-4745: Consisting of a light scatter of pottery and muscle shells in a low area between two major dune formations. 1 019 all — t ww EL it F ; i Y - \ h Q11011k M � liaftt -' -'p 1dA REi- - ±n.... xpay..upONfAiN ; L i.'. ��♦ '- -. .� -U y—w'r'fn ou`rg6-i MEN' _ _ i °project location. is oe� To IN V1. INDIAN 6 i 1 It \ i T>nr RE Rv ION`, Scale 1.250.000 'vf'CRRES NAR. n Y :' 5 0 5 10 ShlVta Nile IAU ::ESERVATtCN J 5 C 10 15 xflom en ' I l Figure 1. Project vicinity. (Based on USGS Santa Ana, Calif., 1:250,000 quadrangle (USGS 1979]) n;l �.. T, ?alk j •) : ��i/ra vat'S. s ""�•r .3q — .-� �2Q r 8M 52 p v UB _. WOW, d r: project :. :.. area W jr EP f� Y SCALE 1:24000 1 } 0 I000 0 1000 2000 3000 40W 5= OX0 70M /ErT 1 1 0 1 utOMETEA Figure 2. Stamko Development Co. project area. The seven archaeological sites under evaluation are located wholly or partially within the project area. (Based on USGS La Quinta, Calif., 124,000 quadrangle (USGS 19801) 3 • CA-RIV-4748H: Consisting of two concrete "water valve towers," an old barbed-wi: fence, and old piping remains. • CA-RIV-4749H: Consisting of two concrete slab foundations, a concrete "water valve tower," and other structural remains and debris. • CA-RIV-4750/H: Consisting of two concentrations of historic cans and scattered pottery sherds of plain brownware. • CA-RIV-4752: A light scatter of shell, small mammal bone, and occasional plain brownware pottery atop a dune formation. • CA-RIV-4755H: An old dirt road that appeared in historic maps dating to 1941, still in occasional use by off -road traffic. • CA-RIV-4756H: Consisting of a concrete "water valve tower," an old fence, and old piping. In summary, the project areas contains a mixture of historic (non -Indian) and prehistoric (Indian) remains. The historic sites are an old dirt road and remains from agricultural development. The prehistoric sites consist of light pottery scatters and fire affected rock. The purpose of the current study is to revisit these sites and evaluate them for significance based on CEQA criteria. SETTING Natural Setting The. project area lies within a band of mesquite dunes that once covered the northern shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla. At the 60-foot elevation mark, the area was only L feet above the highest stand of this fresh water lake that began to dry up for the last time some 500 years ago. Before its disappearance, Lake Cahuilla covered much of the Salton Basin, a desert basin landform marking the northernmost extension of the Colorado Desert. The Sonoran life zone supports creosote bush, mesquite, and desert sage scrub, all of which are found in the project area. Marked by extremes in temperature and aridity, prehistoric adaptation in the Coachella Valley is an ongoing research emphasis for archaeological investigations throughout the Sonoran life zone, Cultural Setting The project area is located in the Coachella Valley, within the boundaries of the City of La Quinta. The Coachella Valley was a historical center of Native American settlement, where a large number of Indian villages and rancherfas, occupied by the Desert Cahuilla people, were observed in the mid -nineteenth century. The basic written sources on Desert Cahuilla culture are Kroeber (1925), Strong (1929), and Bean (1976). The following ethnographic discussion of the Cahuilla people is based on these sources. The Cahuilla are generally divided --by anthropologists —into three groups, according t( their geographic setting: the Pass Cahuilla in the Banning -Beaumont area, the 4 .!)d, 022 Mountain Cahuilla in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains and the Cahuilla Valley, and the Desert Cahuilla in the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla did not have a single name that referred to an all-inclusive tribal affiliation. Instead, membership was in terms of lineages or clans that were in turn grouped within the two main divisions of the people. People from clans in one division, or moiety, had to marry into clans from the other division. Individual clans had villages, or central places, and territories they called their own. These were lands they considered theirs for purposes of hunting game and gathering food and other necessary resources. They interacted with other clans for purposes of trade, intermarriage, and performing ceremonies. Population data prior to European contact are almost impossible to obtain, but estimates range from 3,600 to as high as 10,000 persons. During the nineteenth century however, the Cahuilla population was decimated as a result of European diseases, mo: notably smallpox, for which the Native peoples had no immunity. The closest Indian Reservation to the project area is the Cabazon Reservation. Other Desert Cahuilla groups living near the project area include the people of the Torres Martinez Reservation. Members of these and other nearby reservations are highly conscious of the archaeological remains of their past, and have great concern when earth -moving activities disturb cultural remains. Although only a few elders can remember the old ways or speak the Cahuilla language, there appears to be a revitalization trend among some of the younger tribal members. Through the Coachella Valley ran an ancient Indian trading route, the Cocomaricopa Trail, connecting the coastal region of California to areas along the Colorado River. In 1862, in the aftermath of the La Paz gold rush on the Colorado River, the Cocomaricop Trail was "rediscovered" by explorer William David Bradshaw, and became known as the Bradshaw Trail (Johnston 1987:55-62; Ross n.d.:25). For the next decade and half, it served as the main thoroughfare between the Los Angeles area and the gold field near present-day Ehrenberg, Arizona. By the late 1870s, however, the depletion of the La Pa gold mines and the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad's Coachella Valley line in 1876-1877 brought an end to the heyday of this historic wagon road (Ross n.d.:42). Non -Indian settlement activities in what is now the City of La Quinta began around 1900, when the first homestead claims were filed with the U. S. General Land Office (Love et al. 1992:13). In 1926, with the construction of the La Quinta Hotel, the development of La Quinta took on the character of a winter resort town, typical of the desert communities along Highway Ill (ibid.:15; City of La Quinta 1996:27-29). Startin; in the early 1930s, the subdivision of the "cove" area of La Quinta and the marketing c "weekend homes" further emphasized this new direction of development (City of La Quinta 1996:31). On May 1, 1982, La Quinta was incorporated as the nineteenth city in Riverside County (Gunther 1984:286). 023 5 RESEARCH DESIGN The main prehistoric contexts for La Quinta, as outlined in the City of La Quinta's Historic Context Statement (City of La Quinta 1996:10-17), are chronological in nature, being the Early Prehistoric Period (also known as the Archaic Period), the Late Prehistoric Period (post-A.D. 1000), and the Proto-historic Period (the time around initial European contact). Within each of these contexts lie numerous research questions regarding Native lifeways and cultural adaptation to a changing environment. Perhaps the most dramatic and often -cited factor in ancient Cahuilla culture was the rise and fall of old Lake Cahuilla, whose shoreline at high stand ran through the modern City of La Quinta. How the native peoples adapted to life on the northern shore of Lake Cahuilla and how they reacted when the lake began to disappear some 500 years ago continue to be the focus of ongoing research. Research domains within the broad chronological contexts include the following: Lithics According to the models currently in use for the Mojave Desert, there is clear succession of lithic technology over the last 10,000 years (the Holocene) that emphasizes large bifaces made from basalts and other volcanics during the earliest periods, gradually shifting to the microcrystalines--jaspers, chalcedonies, cherts, etc. -- during later times (Basgall 1993; Hall 1993; Basgall and Hall 1994). Large dart points predominate the middle period, changing to small arrow points during the late or recent period. Do sites in the current project area contain enough lithic data to shed light on these questions? Burial Practices In other parts of the Colorado Desert, Mojave Desert, and even in the mountains of Southern California, the practice of cremation seems to occur during the more recent period (from 1,500 years ago to the mission times) and inhumation, the burial of whole bodies without burning, marks the earlier periods, older than 1,500 years. Can information from the current project add to or refine this generalized pattern? Subsistence Early peoples are often thought of as big game hunters, while later people had a more diversified diet, including more wide -spread use of plant material and smaller game, associated with the introduction of the bow and arrow. Recently, Basgal and Hall (1994) have challenged this view for the Mojave Desert, finding a great diversity of faunal remains even in middle Holocene sites. Do the sites in question have faunal or food remains that can help archaeologists address these issues? Trade Are there long distance trade items? Shell beads can come from the Pacific Coast or the Gulf of California. Obsidian and other exotic materials reflect long distance trade arrangements with foreign groups. Throughout time, Native American groups have interacted with their neighbors, and sometimes this is shown in the archaeological record. Does the presence or absence of outside trade goods at the current project area expand our knowledge within this research domain? 6 .,j:;( 024 Ceramics There are numerous outstanding questions regarding prehistoric ceramic production and use. When was pottery first introduced to the Coachella Valley? Was pottery locally made or imported? Can pottery types be used by archaeologist to reflect cultural/linguistic affiliations? Again, how can the archaeological data from the current project area help to answer these and other outstanding research questions? Aside from the prehistoric contexts, the City of La Quinta (1996) has also established three main themes for its history in the Spanish, Mexican, and American Periods: earl: settlement, the resort industry, and the later "cove" development. Since the project area is located on the northern edge of the city, some distance from the center of the resort and "cove" developments that began in the 1920s and 1930s, this study is focused primarily on the search for possible remains of early settlement and agricultural development. The research domains that the current study seeks to address include th following: What can the remains in the project area, such as the house foundations, fences, irrigation features, and abandoned fields as recorded in 1992, tell us about early settlement and agricultural development in the City of La Quinta? Are the remains useful in addressing broad research themes in California or local history? The evaluation of the seven archaeological sites in the project area is carried out withiw the context of these research domains. METHODS In order to gather sufficient information for the evaluation of CA-RIV-4745,-4748H, -4749H,-4750/H, -4752,-4755H, and-4756H, CIUM TECH employed a combination of strategies. The following sections detail the procedures and methods used during this process. Historical Research Bai "Tom" Tang, CRM TECH historian (see Appendix 1 for qualifications), conducted the historical background research on the basis of existing literature in local and regional history, early maps and aerial photos of the project vicinity, relevant archival records of various government agencies, and oral historical accounts from persons familiar with the history of the project area. Sources consulted for this study are identified and discussed further with the presentation of the research results in the sections to follow. Field Testing The 1992 survey report (Everson 1992) recommended 30 one -meter test units to evaluate the sites in question. However, CRM TECH decided that only three of the seven sites in question required archaeological test excavations to determine their significance. The remaining four sites were evaluated based on historical research. In 7 .UU, 025 all, fourteen one -meter test units were excavated for the current study. The test excavation was completed in December, 1996, and January, 1997, by Bruce Love, CRM TECH principal, and Steven A. Moffitt, project archaeologist (see Appendix 1 for qualifications). The depth of the units was determined by the levels of "sterile" or negative findings and the nature of the sand deposits in question. In general, only the top 5 to 10 cm of sand could be considered "blow sand." Immediately below this level, there was evidence of dune bedding representing older surfaces buried during the dune formation processes. Experience at numerous nearby sites indicates there is a strong likelihood of buried sites some distance below the surface. But these buried sites could just at easily be two or three meters below the surface as one meter below. The general rule of thumb was followed that after two or three sterile levels the units could be terminated. Buried sites would be searched for during the monitoring process during grading. CA-RIV-4745 This site was walked in closely spaced north -south transects at one -meter intervals. All surface artifacts were pin -flagged. At the conclusion of the walk -over, two test pits were dug. Their locations were chosen according to the surface finds (Fig. 3). One -meter square units were placed directly over surface artifacts, and dug in 10-cm levels until two or more sterile levels were completed. All material was screened through 1/8" Figure 3. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4745. Figure 4. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4750/H. 8 :.uu� 026 hardware mesh. The units were dug to 30 cm of depth. Artifact analysis was completed at CRM TECH. CA-RIV-4750/H This site consisted of two can dumps. A one -meter -square unit was placed in each deposit, and dug to 40 cm (Figs. 4, 5). The purpose of the dig was to collect a sample of material sufficient to determine the age and nature of the deposit. All material was screened through 1/4-in hardware mesh. The collections were sent to Richard Norwood of R T Factfinders (see Appendix i for qualifications), who served as sub -consultant in historic archaeology for CRM TECH. The methods he used to analyze the collections are described below. CA-RIV-4752 This site was walked in closely spaced north -south transects at one -meter intervals. All surface artifacts were pin - flagged. At the conclusion of the walk- over, ten test pits were dug (Figs. 6-8). Their locations were chosen according to the surface finds. Some one -meter -square units were placed directly over surface artifacts, other units were placed at randomly selected spots intended to give a good sample of the site's subsurface component. All units were dug in 10-cm levels until two or more sterile levels were completed. All material was screened through 1/8-in hardware mesh. The depth of the units ranged from 20 cm to 40 cm of depth. Artifact analysis was completed at CRM TECH. Figure 5. lint 1 at CA-RIV•4750/H, dug to 40 cm. Figure 6. Locations of test units at CA-RIV-4752. Figure 7. Unit 6 at CA-RIV=4752, dug to 30 cm. Nc artifacts were found in this unit. 9 027 Figure 8. Unit 7 at CA-RIV-4752, dug to 40 cm. One piece of burned clam shell was found on the surface at this unit. Dune bedding and old surfaces are visible in the north side wall. Figure 9. Surface artifacts at CA-RN-4752: one piece of schist (upper right) and one piece of burned granite (lower left). Units 1 and 2 are placed at this lo2a ion. Laboratory Analysis of Artifacts Prehistoric Artifacts from CA-RIV-4745 and -4752 The level bags from the test units were inspected by Bruce Love at CRM TECH. Burned and unburned rocks that appeared to have cultural origins were measured and described (Fig. 9). Burned rock in sand dune deposits reflect ancient roasting and/or camp fire activities. Such rocks usually show tell -tale signs of high temperature breakage and crystal alterations resulting in a crumbly, decomposing quality of its mineral structure. Other rock fragments that may not be burned can nevertheless be attributed to Native American activities. A good example from the current project is the presence of thin layers of micaceous schist. Schist does not occur naturally in the La Quinta dunes, and therefore must have been imported by humans. Schist slabs were commonly used by desert Indians as portable metates or grinding stones. The presence of fragments in the current project area tells us that Native peoples were indeed using the area in prehistoric times. Pottery fragments were typed in classes using the basic ceramic dichotomy of brown ware vs. buff ware based on paste composition or the nature of the clays. Brown ware clays come from the mountains and have a graininess attributed to the source rocks' where it is found. Buff wares contain clays from lake or pond bottoms where a much finer, non -granular, clay is deposited. Within the broad categories of brown ware and buff ware are many sub -types, but for the small collection from this current project, a finer grained typology is not particularly useful. Historic Artifacts from CA-RIV-4750/H All materials collected from CA-RIV-4750/H were transported to the laboratory of R T Factfinders, and analyzed by Richard Norwood. The artifacts were washed in clear 10 Ogg water and placed in trays by provenience for drying and examination. Artifacts were labeled using a simple numeric sequence (1 through n). A "Sharpie" marking pen was used to label larger items directly. Smaller items, type specimens, and the more delicate artifacts were placed in labeled plastic bags. For this study items were not weighed. Counts were made but considered "flexible," and were reduced if it was found that various fragments could be reassembled. When broken items with different catalogue numbers and proveniences were later identified as belonging to the same item, it was left in the catalogue but the count of "I" was changed to "0" for the smaller or less diagnostic fragment. When massive amounts of rusted can fragments were recovered within the same provenience, this residue was counted as "I" signifying one observation of this type of material. Artifact measurements were made in the English system, however a special notation is used to facilitate sorting and comparison. Fractional measurements (1/4", 7/8", etc.) were all reduced to sixteenths on an inch (4/16", 14/16", etc.) and then notated decimally; thus 1/4" and 7/8" became .04 and .14 respectively. The basic goal of the analysis is to identify specimens in terms of age and functional association. A variety of attributes was recorded for each artifact or group of artifacts. Attribute data were coded and entered into a database created using dBase III+. Attribute codes and categories are defined in Appendix 2. In analyzing cans, the most important attributes are shape, dimensions, type of searnr,, technological variability as expressed on bases and lids, style of opening, and the nature and presence of embossed marker's marks and/or advertising. One of the most important references for cans is Rock (1987). It contains standard measurements for many early twentieth century cans. For bottle analysis, neck finish (type of opening), base profile, glass quality and color, surface finish, surface scars resulting from manufacturing techniques, and the presence and nature of embossed maker's marks and advertising are most important. Shapes of necks and bases are particularly critical in assessing type and content. In earlier days, shapes were especially important in product recognition because a higher portion of the population was illiterate. In a certain sense the shapes of bottles functioned as "icons." The most useful references used for bottle analysis include Toulouse's 1971 publication on maker's marks and 1969 publication on canning jars. Neck finish and base profiles are assessed according to Richard Fike's types (1987:Figs. 2, 3). All artifacts were analyzed by material, class, portion, color, shape, and type. Artifacts were also sorted and classed using the concept of functional domain. Twelve largely self-explanatory functional domains were created to aid in analysis and presentation of results. A series of more specific domains were created within each set. This helps in organizing, associating and discussing functionally related artifact sets and 11 .: 029 1. 1. Domestic Expendable 1A. Canned Food/Products/Retail 1B. Glassed Food/Products/Retail 1C. Other Packaging/Food/Products 1D. Produce/Fresh 1E. Meat/Fresh IF. Caps/Lids for Glass/Metal Containers 2. Domestic Non -Expendable, Kitchen 2A. Ceramics 2B. Glassware 2C. Canning Jars/Equipment 2D. Flatware/Cutlery 2E. Enamelware/Tinware 217. Cookware 2G. Kitchen Appliances 2H. Other Food Prep./Service Tools 2I. Child/Special Food Prep. Tools 3. Domestic, General 3A. Electrical Systems 3B. Plumbing Systems 3C. Temperature Control 3D. Pest Control 3E. Entertainment 3F. Security 3G. Furnishings 3H. Architectural 3I. Decoration 3J. Child Rearing/Toys and Equipment 3K. Pet Supplies and Equipment 3L. Miscellaneous Household Maintenance 4. Domestic, Construction/Maintenance 4A. Tools 4B. Hardware/Fasteners 4C. Hardware/Fixtures 4D. Materials 5. Personal 5A. Grooming 5B. Clothing 5C. Adornment 5D. Personal Kit (Keys, 5E. Habits/Addictions Domains of Historic Artifacts Wallet, Watch, etc.) 6. Recreation 6A. Arms/Munitions/Hunting Gear 6B. Fishing Gear 6C. Sporting Equipment 6D. Hobbies/Games 7. Transportation 7A. Horse/Tack/Wagon 7B. Autos/Auto Parts 7C. Railroad 7D. Aircraft 8. FanningfRanching 8A. Fencing 8B. Irrigation Systems 8C. Farm Manual Equipment 8D. Farm Mechanical Equipment 8E. Livestock Equipment 9. Mining 9A. Blasting Systems 9B. Drilling 9C. Assay 9D. Lighting 9E. Claim Form 9F. Ore Samples 9G. Ore Processing Items 10. Military 10A. Uniforms/Decorations 10B. Military Arms 10C. Field Kit 11. Industrial 11A. Heavy Machined Parts 11 B. Institutional Items 11C. Other Commercial/Industrial Items 12. Miscellaneous, Historic XX Non-Artifactual Items ?? Unidentified Items understanding certain broad areas of behavior. A list of functional domains is presented in Table 1. 12 ."j,j 030 RESULTS AND FINDINGS Upon Mairuero, Smith and Associates' authorization to proceed, CRM TECH completed the research procedures detailed above between December 16, 1996, and January 18, 1997. The following sections discuss the results and findings from the various avenues of research. Historical Background of the Project Area Historical sources consulted for this study suggest that the project area is a relative late - boomer in the Coachella Valley's phenomenal growth over the last hundred and fifty years. Despite its location near the historic Cocomaricopa-Bradshaw Trail, no development attempts of any kind were recorded within the project area until the early 1950s. In 1855-1856, when the U. S. government conducted the first official land survey of T5S R7E, surveyor John La Croze observed a road passing through the adjacent Section 30 in a north -south direction, approximately a quarter of a mile from the project area (GLO 1856 [rig. 10]). Although La Croze did not identified this road, its course across the vicinity of the project area, between the famed Indian Well and the Indian village at Toro, proves that it is a part of the ancient Cocomaricopa Trail (ibid.; USGS 1904 [Fig. 11]; Johnston 1987:112). To the north of the project area, a branch of the road traversed approximately 1,800 feet from the project area, and further east towards present-day Indio (La Croze 1956:377; GLO 1856; USGS 1904 [Figs. 10, 11]). Aside from these roads, no 44 640 640 . A B/Eo ./airs •. .a project 9 9Z V•/J •.17E area ABG .✓/�i0 I i .IR 2233 ' A 8B •� d �O fJ'-iC�.Q �� Ado .��60 �• 0 1 2 mile i Figure 10. The project vicinity in 1855-1856. (Source: GLO 1856) 13 .,, 031 prof s��]] C3000 Figure 11. The project vicinity in 1901. (Source: USGS 1904) c other man-made features are recorded in any of the sources dating to the late nineteenth century. In the 1920s, with the coming of the automobile age, a Riverside County highway was constructed roughly along the course of the road leading to Indio (County Assessor 1920-1926:XXII:S), thereby bringing the main route of the Cocomaricopa-Bradshaw Trail in the project vicinity to its final demise. This historic highway came much closer to the project area than the earlier road, in fact defining the northern project boundary, and since then has remained a major transportation artery as today's SR 111. The long exposure to these desert thoroughfares of different historical periods, however, left little impact on the project area. In 1905, the U. S. General Land Office granted the entire Section 29 to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company (BLM n.d.:2). For more than 40 years thereafter, the project area remained in its virgin state, and the various sources consulted for this study recorded no agricultural, residential, or any other type of development activities within the project boundaries until the early 1950s (County Assessor 1899-1907:X:24; 1907-1913:X:40; 1913-1919:XXII:13; 1920-1926:X)(II:8; 1927-1954:XXV:19; aerial photo 1939; 1949; USGS 1941 [Figs. 12-14]). In the early 1950s, the Coachella Valley began a period of unprecedented growth, largely thanks to the completion of the Coachella Canal in 1948-1949 which, for the first time in history, provided the and region with a reliable and adequate source of irrigation water. Based on sources reflecting this period, the project area was clearly a part of this post-war boom. Between 1952 and 1953, Riverside County real property tax assessment 14 .'J 0 3 2 ect a 1 2 _3 miles' Figure 12. The project vicinity in 1939. (Source: aerial photo 1939) qth . r '^ 23 24 8..:r, i i 2; i 222 1 �� i i 4ediyy'R dk� - �,� I ri I i•.r � am [ 1 J ar+x6 n • 28 •1 ....: projectarea La Quinta s L' Figure 13. The project vicinity in 1941. Note that old road is south of property line. (Source: L'SGS 1941) 15 1 °033 vJu :��. {` ,�,, '� .� �� ;�' i :� -; a � ' �I� ��, �i _. IIII' �� �� �, I�. < A • .4 28T9 j; 1 -7 .4 36 5roiect la! area OOq Oar ts Figure 16. The project vicinity in 1954-1957. (Source: USGS 1959) Figure 17. The project vicinity in 1973. (Source: aerial photo 1973) 17 ."J� 035 records begin to shove substantial amounts of improvement of the land in both the eastern and the western portions of the project area (County Assessor 1951-1954:;0(V:19; 1955-1959:XXVb:19). .An aerial photograph taken in 1955 demonstrates that a large portion of the project area was then under cultivation, joining the nearby parcels to the east that had been developed earlier (Fig. 15). The same aerial photograph —and a map based on data of similar date (USGS 1959)—also shows a house in the eastern portion of the project area, which explains the greater amount of improvement being assessed on that parcel at the time (Figs. 15, 16). For the project area, the boom was somewhat short-lived. In the early 1970s, the formerly cultivated field was apparently abandoned, and in fact had been partially reclaimed by the desert (aerial photo 1973 [Fig. 171). The house survived a few more years. By the mid-1980s, however, it too had disappeared from the landscape (aerial photo 1987). This relatively short span of time suggests that the historic features at Sites CA-RIV-4748H,--4749H, and-4756H, which are apparently associated with agricultural and residential development activities, most likely date to the years between 1950 and 1970. Site CA-RIV-4745 The results of the surface collection and two test units put in CA-RIV-4745 are presented in Table 2. A total of two brown ware sherds were found, both from the surface. Besides the pottery fragments, three pieces of burned Zranite were collected that had the appearance of being cultural in origin, one from the surface and two from the 0-10 cm level. Beyond that, both units were taken to 30 cm of depth without finding any additional cultural materials. Table 2. Artifacts Recovered from CA-RrV-4745 Provenience j Level I Cotrntl _ Description Surface Coll. Surface 1 I Sherd, brown ware, 2-5x2-5 cm Unit 1 I Surface 1 _ I Sherd, brown ware, 5.5x3.0 cm Unit 1 1 0-10 1 _ 1 Piece of burned granite, 2.Ox1.5 cm Unit 1 10-20 0 _ Unit 1 20 30 10 _ 1 Unit 2 Surface 1 _ Piece of burned granite, 3.Ox2-5 cm Unit 2 0-10 1 _ Piece of burned granite, 2 5x2.0 cm Unit 2 1 10-2.0 0 _ Unit 2 1 20-30 10 _ No lithic debitage, no burned animal bone, and no other artifacts or indicators of Indian occupation were found. The site has the appearance of highly disturbed or randomly scattered artifactual remains with little or no site integrity. The site lies very close to Adams Street and has been impacted by extensive nearby construction activities including the building of Adams Street and the installation of a large water tank directly across the street (Fig. 18). 18 036 Site CA-RIV-4748H Archaeological features at this site consist of two concrete "water valve towers," an old barbed-wire fence, and old piping remains, all of which are undoubtedly relics from agricultural activities (site record 1992). As Figures 14 and 15 attest, agricultural development near the site began between 1949 and 1955, and came to an end during or before the early 1970s, thus establishing a relatively modern date for these archaeological features. The Figure 18. Overview of site CA-RIV-4745; view persons responsible for the agricultural toward Adams Street. Arrow indicates the development in the eastern portion of the general location of test units. See Figure 5 for project area may include Frank B. and exact locations of the units. Mildred B. Dozier, land owners between 1946 and 1952, Tom Y. and Alice H. Sakai, owners after 1952, and Anastacio M. and Florence S. Chavez, who leased the property from the Sakais between the 1950s and 1970s (County Assessor 1945-1954:XXV:19; Maddox, personal communications 1996). While Tom Sakai gained some prominence in the Japanese -American community in the Indio area during his life time, as an absentee land owner his association with the subject property and the development on it is minimal (Shibata, personal communications 1995; Maddox, personal communications 1996). Based on these findings, no other research procedures were deemed necessary on this site. Site CA-RIV-4749H The main archaeological feature at this site is "an old concrete slab house foundation," surrounded by "walkway, driveway, retaining wall, concrete water valve tower, concrete slab shack foundation, old piping, barbed -ware fence, and depression -era trash" (site record 1992). In addition to these previously recorded features, CRM TECH encountered two wells near the house foundation during the current study. Archival records indicate that the house at this location was built in or shortly before 1952, during the same period when the eastern portion of the project area changed hands from the Doziers to the Sakais (County Assessor 1951-1954:XXV:19). The Sakais, as mentioned above, resided in Indio, and did not use this house as their home. Instead, the house became the residence of Anastacio M. and Florence S. Chavez, who owned the parcel lying directly to the east of the project area since 1950 and leased much of the project area from the owners between the 1950s and 1970s (County Assessor 1945- 1954:XXV:19; Maddox, personal communications 1996). On the leased land, the Chavezes reportedly cultivated a citrus grove, including tangerines and grapefruits, until they left the area in the 1970s (Maddox, personal communications 1996), After the Chavezes' departure, the house was demolished or destroyed at some time prior to 1987 (aerial photo 1987). 19 ._JJ.037 Other features at this site apparently also date to the period of the Chavezes' agricultural activities on the property. According to the Coachella Valley Water District's official well log, the two wells near the house foundation were drilled in 1952 and 1953, respectively, for Tom Sakai and his brother James Sakai (well log 1952a; 1953). As for the "depression -era trash" mentioned in the 1992 site record, the current field survey found nothing that could not be explained as trash from the 1950s-1970s occupation of the Chavezes' property. If the Chavezes had some 20-year-old dishes in their house, for example, then one could say the dishes were from the depression era, but the trash in question was not deposited during the depression. The bottom line remains that the property was not occupied prior to the 1950s. It should be remembered that the same archaeologist who recorded the "depression - era" trash at this site also recorded two nearby can dumps as historic (site CA-RIV- 4750/H; discussed below). These can dumps turned out to be from the late 1950s to early 1960s and not historical after all. Site CA-RIV-4749H, in summary, is quite modern in nature. Site CA-RIV-47501H Although the original site record (1992) states that there were pottery sherds observed among the trash items at this site, no ceramics were found during the surface inspection or in the test units. All artifacts from this site were associated with the period of agricultural development on the subject property. Test excavation at Site CA-R1V-4750/H yielded a sample of 73 items. These include 26 items from Unit 1 and 47 items from Unit 2. The contents of both loci reflect domestic refuse and are similar and contemporary. The materials in both loci are considered to be a single assemblage. The assemblage is characterized in the following section. A catalogue of all artifacts in the assemblage is included in this report as Appendix 2. Domestic, Expendable Items in this category move relatively rapidly through the household, are not intended for long term use or storage, and associate with the consumption of food. Most of the items in domestic refuse deposits are in this category. Dates of acquisition and dates of use and discard are closely related, so these are the best indicators of activity in a temporally restricted framework. While reuse of retail glass containers and some other items probably occurred this would be the statistical exception rather than the rule. Canned Food, Products, Retail (IA) The bulk of material examined consists of cans or their parts (32 catalogue entries). The assemblage is generally quite corroded and in many cases cans have become brittle, blistered, fragmented and essentially crystallized by rust. In many cases fragmentary cans could not be measured. In some cases corrosion formed behind labels and labeling text is visible but not legible. The 20 .'l 038 Figure 19. Milk can with "solder dot" or "matchstick" vent hole. These cans are often mistakenly thought of as "historic" because of the use of the solder drop to seal the can. This could explain why Site CA-RIV-3750/H was recorded as historic in 1992, when in fact the site dates to the late 1950s and early 1960s. poor condition of the can assemblage is likely due to a high -alkaline depositional environment. The highly corroded nature of the can assemblage may have contributed to the site being identified as a historic period resource. Canned products include beverages (beer or soda), fruit and vegetables, meat and milk. With the exception of "solder dot" or "matchstick" vent hole sealed milk cans (Fig. 19), all are sanitary or "modem type" type cans. Beverage cans are of all steel construction requiring use of a church key type opener. This suggests a period prior to the introduction of the aluminum (soft) top can and pull -tab which occurred in the 1960s. There is a high proportion of small milk cans in the assemblage. Prior to 1932 small milk cans were 2 1/2" tall and 2 1/2" in diameter. There was a change in the size of large milk cans at this time, however it is unclear in the literature how the manufacture of small cans may have been affected. Milk cans in this assemblage vary in height between 2 3/8" and 2 7/16". Diameters vary between 2 1/2" and 2 9/16". However, there are no specimens that conform exactly with the pre-1932 dimensions. The fact that 2 1/2" diameter milk cans occur, however, may have contributed to the belief that the assemblage was of pre-1932 vintage. Glass -Contained Food, Products, Retail (IB) Evidence of retail glass bottles is relatively rare in the assemblage. There is no sun altered amethyst, sun altered amber glass, or abundant aqua colored glass that would be expected in earlier period assemblages. Amber and clear glass predominates as should be expected in post -WWII glass assemblages. Glass -contained products represented include condiments, beverages (beer and soda) and after shave lotion. There is one complete clear condiment jar (Cat. # 1) carrying the Maywood Glass Company marker's mark (Toulouse 1971:375, logo labeled "Circa 1958"). Toulouse lists the company as going out of business under the Maywood name in 1961 so the jar was probably made between 1958-1961. It is likely that this date range fairly accurately reflects that date of materials in the rest of the site. There are no other completely legible marker's marks. However there is a decorative rectangular clear bottle fragment (Cat. # 49) with the base embossed: "MEN ... /370.../ fragment of diamond shaped logo". This identifies the content of the bottle as a MENNEN'S product, an after shave lotion of the late 1950s and early 1960s period. 21 .1ju( 039 Other Packaging/Food/Products (1C) Other packaging remnants include aluminum foil fragments and plastic wrapping. Wrapping includes a specimens with a red/white woven wire motif and another with a blue checkerboard motif. There is no text on these fragments. Produce, Fresh (1D) White egg shell fragments are abundant at both loci. These are probably chicken eggs. The author remembers that before 1950 eggs that came from chickens were predominantly light brown, which today are difficult to find. In the future the transition from brown to white eggs atay be a time marker for our era. Meat, Fresh (1E) A single specimen was recovered. It appears to be a ham bone. It has been burned and is not diagnostic of any time period. Domestic, Non -Expendable, Kitchen Items in this category are designed for re -use with intended use lives lasting a decade or more. These are kitchen -related items that may experience daily use, periodic use or seasonal use, and are primarily related to food preparation, processing and serving. These items tend to experience an active or "hard" use life and are generally found in domestic refuse deposits. Other Food Preparation/Service Tools (2H) A single and partially melted pinkish plastic tube fragment was recovered. This may be a reusable drinking "straw." Domestic, General Items in this category are functioning parts of general household systems with intended use lives designed to be long lasting or permanent. These items relate to the interior of the home and the functions that occur within. These items tend to experience a passive or "soft" use life. Electrical Systems (3A) There are 2 nearly complete D-cell batteries and one D- cell carbon rod. Text is visible but not legible on the nearly complete specimens. Expiration dates could not be distinguished. Batteries of this size and general type are still being manufactured. Entertainment/Education (3E) A charred mass of paper was found that probabiy represents the remains of a paperback novel. Unfortunately no text could be read on the carbonized pages. Other Categories Notably this assemblage lacks items representing many functional domains. It is primarily composed of items in the "Domestic Expendable" category. This implies that the time period of refuse acquisition before deposition was relatively short. 22 ..'.1.) 1 0 4 0 Summary CA-RIV-4750/H was probably originally recorded as a cultural resource because the corroded can assemblage containing many vent hole solder sealed milk cans (Fig. 19) superficially looks "old." Also there are small milk cans that have the 2 1/2" diameter (but not height) attributed to the pre-1932 period. However, the assemblage is characterized exclusively by materials apparently dating to the late 1950s and early 1960s—in other words, deposited less than 40 years ago. Such materials do not meet the definition as historic period artifacts. It is very rare that post - WWII sites achieve status as historic resources. These require exceptional importance, usually on a national level. Examples include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Pasadera, and Rogers Dry Lake/Edwards AFB. A small anonymous domestic refuse deposit such as CA-RIV-4750/H is not a comparable entity. Site CA-RIV-4752 The results of the surface collection and ten test units put in CA-RIV-4752 are presented in Table 3. A total of two buff ware sherds, one piece of burned clam shell, fourteen pieces of schist, and thirteen pieces of burned granite were collected. Nothing was found deeper than the 1-10 cm level. Three units were dug to 40 cm of depth, six units were dug to 30 cm, and one unit to 20 cm. No lithic debitage, no burned animal bone, and no other artifacts or indicators of Indian occupation were found. The site has the appearance of highly disturbed or randomly scattered artifactual remains with little or no site integrity. In the side walls of the units, one could note stratified deposits of dune sand representing older surfaces. The bedding was quite clear in most units, with the unconsolidated blow sand covering the site over the first 5 to 10 cm, and more compact dune bedding evident below. The units were void of anything indicating cultural activities in all levels below the top 0 to 10 cm. Site CA-RIV-4755H Based on the results of CRM TECH's historical research and field investigation, the dirt road recorded as CA-RIV-5755H does not seem to be the same road depicted in the 1941 USGS map as the original site record (1992) claims. In the 1941 map (Fig. 13), the road appears to be some 50 feet south of the current property line, outside the project boundary, and may or may not be in existence today. The modern sand road, little more than off -road tracks, lies on top of sand dunes that appear to have formed within the last 50 years. Judging from the buried fence lines along Adams Street (Fig. 20), it is clear that sand has built up to a considerable height since the 1950s. If the 1941 road still exists, it is buried beneath the sand and has no relation to the current "jeep" trail recorded in 1992 as a site. 23 ..j u 0 41 Table 3. Artifacts Recovered from CA-RIV-1752 Provenience i Level Count I Descri lion Unit 1 1 Surface 1 Piece of schist, 8.Ox4.5 = Unit 1 I Surface 1 Piece of burned 'te, 2.5x2.5 Unit 1 0-10 10 Small pieces of burned granite, <3.0 cm Unit 1 0-10 1 Piece of schist, 3.3x2.0 cm Unit 1 10-20 1 '0! Unit 1 20-30 1 0 1 Unit 2 Surface 1 Piece of schist, 8.5x5.0 rnt Unit 2 Surface 1 Piece of burned granite, 3.5x3.0 rnt Unit 2 0-10 9 Piece of schist, <5.0 cm Unit 2 0-10 1 Piece of schist, 6.Ox5.0 cm Unit 2 0-10 1 Piece of burned granite, Q.0 cm Unit 2 10-20 0 Unit 2 20-30 0 Unit 2 1 30-40 0 J Unit 3 Surface 1 Piece of schist, 6.5x4.0 cm Unit 3 0-10 0 Unit 3 1 10-20 10 Unit 3 j 20-30 0 Unit 1-Surface 0 1 Unit 4 1 0-10 0 Unit 4 1 10-20 0 Unit 5 Surface 0 1 Unit 5 1 0-10 0 Unit 5 1 10-20 0 Unit 5 1 20-30 1 0 Unit 5 30-40 0 Unit 6 Surface 0 Unit 6 0-10 0 Unit 6 10-20 0 Unit 6 20-30 0 j Unit 7 Surface 1 Piece of burned clam shell, ? 5xi.0 Unit 7 0-10 1 0 Unit 7 10-20 0 Unit 7 20-30 10 Unit 7 30-40 0 Unit 8 Surface 0 1 Unit 8 0-10 0 Unit 8 1 10-20 10 Unit 8 20-30 0 Mcmn Unit 9 Surface 2 Sherds, buff ware, 2.5x2.0 unit 9 0-10 0 Unit 9 10-20 0 nit920-300Unit 10 Surface 1 j Sherd, buff ware, 2.Ox2.0 Unit 10 0-10 0 Unit 10 10-20 0 Unit 10 20-30 0 24 0 4 2 Site CA-RIV-4756H As recorded in 1992, this site comprises of a concrete "water valve tower," an old fence, and old piping (site record 1992). During the field investigation for this study, CRM TECH encountered a well in the vicinity of this site, slightly to the north of the previously recorded features. As in the case of CA-RIV-4748H, these features are apparently relics from Figure 20. 52 inches of fence post exposed at 800 feet agricultural activities on the property in south of the intersection of Adams Street and the 1950s and 1960s. The well, for Highway 111. Note that sand has covered the example, was drilled in 1952 for Kazuo post within the last 45 years. Nagata, owner of most of the western portion of the project area from 1952 (County Assessor 1951-1954:XXV:19; well log 1952b). Like the Sakais, Nagata was also an absentee owner who leased the land to the Chavezes, who cultivated both the Nagata property and the Sakai property to the east (Maddox, personal communications 1996). There is no evidence that any of the archaeological features dates earlier than the Nagata-Chavez period. DISCUSSION Based on the research results discussed above, the following sections present CRM TECH's conclusion on whether the archaeological sites present in the project area qualify as significant historical resources or important archaeological resources. Significance Criteria The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the historical significance of CA-RIV- 4745,-4748H,-4749H,-4750/H, -4752,-4755H, and-4756H, and to assist the Lead Agency for the proposed project, namely the City of La Quinta, in determining whether any of these archaeological sites meets the official definition of a "historical resource," as provided in the California Public Resources Code, in particular the (ralifornia Environmental Quality Act. According to PRC §5202.1(j), "'historical resource' includes, but is not limited to, any object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California." CEQA further specifies that "a historical resource is a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources" 25 .�u� 043 (PRC §21084.1). A resource may be listed in the California Register if it meets any of the following criteria: 1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; 2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in California's past; 3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value; or 4. It has yielded or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. (OPR 1994:?) For the evaluation of archaeological sites, Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines further provides the specific definition of an "important archaeological resource." According to this definition, an "important archaeological resource" is one which: A. Is associated with an event or person of: 1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or 2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory; B. Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or archaeological research questions; C. Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest, or last surviving example of its kind; D. Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity; or E. Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. (CEQA Guidelines App. K, §III) Pursuant to these statute and regulatory guidelines, CA-RIV-4745,-4748H,-4749H, -4750/H, -4752,-4755H, and -4756H are evaluated against the specific criteria for important archaeological resources in the following sections. Site Evaluation CA-RIV-4745 Two pot sherds and three pieces of burned rock do not provide enough data to address important research questions. These artifacts are so sparsely distributed -that they could almost be called "background noise." Indian occupation of the La Quinta region was so ubiquitous that scattered remains can be found virtually everywhere. Only sites with good integrity and with representative remains from a variety of prehistoric activities deserve consideration as significant. This site appears to have little or no integrity based on the extensive disturbance to the area and the lack of subsurface deposits found in the test units. It does not meet CEQA criteria for significance. 26 CA-RIV-4748H As discussed earlier, the fence line and irrigation features at this site evidently reflect the agricultural activities in the 1950s and 1960s. As such, the site is not associated with early settlement and agricultural development in the City of La Quinta, which date to the first decades of the twentieth century, or with any other event of recognized significance in California or American history. Nor does the site meet the other criteria for an "important archaeological resource." Therefore, it does not quality as a "historical resource" as defined by CEQA. CA-RIV-4749H The main feature at this site, the concrete slab foundation, is the remains of a house that existed between the early 1950s and, possibly, the mid-1980s. The other features at the site evidently also date to this period. Consequently, this site is not associated with early settlement and agricultural development in the City of La Quinta. Tom Y. Sakai, the principal property owner in the 1950s, was a person of some prominence in the Japanese -American community in the Indio area, but as an absentee owner his connection to CA-RIV-4749H is minimal. The persons most closely associated to the site between the 1950s and 1970s, Anastacio M. and Florence S. Chavez, do not seem to have attained the level of historic significance required by CEQA criteria. Based on these considerations, this study concludes that CA-RIV-4749H does not meet the criteria for an "important archaeological resource," and is thereby not eligible to the status of a "historical resource." CA-RIV-47501H Artifact analysis on this site concludes that this site represent a refuse deposit dating to the late 1950s and early 1960s. Like CA-RIV-4748H and -4749H, this late date precludes the site from association with early settlement and agricultural development in La Quinta, or other important historical events. Accordingly, it is not considered an "important archaeological resource." CA-RIV-4752 As in the case of CA-RIV-4745, this site appears to have little or no integrity, based on the extensive disturbance to the area and the lack of subsurface deposits found in the test units. The two pot sherds and two dozen pieces of burned rock recovered from the site do not provide enough data to address important research questions. The presence of schist, presumably from a broken decomposing metate or grinding slab, is interesting because the local schist source for this material is not known at this time. The schist represents trade or imported items, and to that extent provides useful scientific information related to the research domain trade as discussed above in the research design section. But the presence of schist is hereby noted, and the pieces themselves will be available for inspection by interested parties in the future. Beyond that, little more information can be derived from the site. The presence of the two potsherds 27 ,,,,; 045 does not allow for any in-depth scientific discussion of ceramic production, origins, or time periods. The site, therefore, does not meet CEQA criteria for significance. CA-RIV-3755H The results of historical research and field investigation conducted during this study demonstrate that the existing dirt road at this site does not date from 1941, as the original site record suggests, but is in fact a recent creation. Consequently, it does not qualify as an "important archaeological resource." CA-RIV-4756H This site, similar to CA-RIV-4748H, reflects agricultural activities in the 1950s and 1960s, during the Chavezes' occupation of the property. It does not qualify as an "important archaeological resource," and does not meet the definition of a "historical resource." RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLtiSION CEQA establishes that "a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment" (PRC §21084.1). "Substantial adverse change," according to PRC §5020.1(q), "means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the significance of an historical resource would be impaired." This study has concluded that none of the seven previously recorded sites in the project area meets CEQA criteria for significant historical resources or important archaeological resources. Therefore, no further cultural resources investigation is recommended on these sites specifically. Accordingly, CRIv1 TECH recommends that the City of La Quinta may, reach a finding of No Impact regarding these sites. However, due to the sensitive nature of the general vicinity for prehistoric resources, it is also recommended that grading and other earth -moving activities be monitored by a professional archaeologist. In the event that buried cultural materials are discovered during grading, work should be diverted from that area until the artifacts/sites can be evaluated and mitigation measures implemented. 28 REFERENCES Aerial photo 1939 W-hitewater River and Tributaries: Aerial photo taken on Nov. 27, 1939. On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. 1949 Aerial Photo taken on Feb. 15, 1949, No. 28. On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. 1955 Whitewater River and Tributaries, California: Aerial Photo taken in Dec. 1955, No. 27. On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. 1973 Aerial Photo taken on Apr. 27, 1973, No. 372-127-7. On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. 1987 Aerial Photo taken on Jan. 17, 1987, No. 87-827-102-19. On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. Basgall, M. E. 1993 The Archaeology of Nelson Basin and Adjacent Areas, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California. Report prepared for the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. Basgall, M. E. and M. C. Hall 1994 Archaeological Investigations at Goldstone (CA-SBR-2348): A Middle Holocene Occupation Complex in the North-Central Mojave Desert, California. Report prepared for the U. S. Department of Defense, National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. Bean, Lowell John 1976 Cahuilla. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8: California, edited by Robert F. Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. BLM (Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Department of Interior) n.d. Historical Index of Land Use, T5S R7E. Microfiches on file, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. City of La Quinta 1996 City of La Quinta Historic Context Statement. Draft, prepared by Leslie J. Mouriquand. On file, City of La Quinta Community Development Department, to Quinta. County Assessor, Riverside 1899-1959 Riverside County Real Property Tax Assessment Records. Microfiches on file, Riverside County Assessor's Office, Riverside. Everson, Dicken 1992 Cultural Resources Assessment: La Quinta Center, City of La Quinta, Coachella Valley, Riverside County, California. Report prepared for David Evans 29 .Ji, 00 and Associates, Inc., West Covina. On file (MF No. 3738), Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. GLO (General Land Office, U. S. Department of Interior) 1856 Plat map: Township No. 5 South Range No. 7 East, San Bernardino Meridian. Based on survey conducted in 1855-1856 by Henry Washington and John La Croze. Microfiche on file, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. Gunther, Jane Davies 1984 Riverside County, California, Place Names: Their Origins and Their Stories. Rubidoux Printing Company, Riverside. Hall, M. C. 1993 Archaeology of Seven Prehistoric Sites in Tiefort Basin, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California. Report prepared for the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. Johnston, Francis J. 1987 The Bradshaw Trail. Revised edition, Historical Commission Press, Riverside. Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington, D. C. La Croze, John 1856 Field Notes of Survey of the Exterior Lines and Subdivisions of Township 5 South, Range 7 East, San Bernardino Meridian, in the Southern Land District of California. Microfiches on file (R176:355-381), Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. Love, Bruce, Joan S. Schneider, Gwyn Alcock, Dawn Reid, Kevin Hallaran, and Tom Tang 1992 Cultural Resources: La Quinta General Plan EIR (revised). Report prepared for BRW Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. On file, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. OPR (Governor's Office of Planning and Research, California) 1994 CEQA and Historical Resources. Governor's Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento. Ross, Delmer G. n.d. Gold Road to La Paz: An Interpretive Guide to the Bradshaw Trail. Tails of the Mojave Road Publishing Company, Essex, California. 30 .'J u 0 4 8 Site records 1992 Archaeological site records for CA-RIV-4745,-4748H,-4749H,-4750/H, -4752, -4755H, and-4756H. On file, Eastern information Center, University of California, Riverside. Strong, William Duncan 1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 26. Reprinted by M- alki Museum Press, Banning, California, 1972. USGS (United States Geological Survey, U. S. Department of Interior) 1904 Map: Indio Special, Calif. (30', 1:125,000); surveyed in 1901. On file, Map Collection, Tomas Rivera Library, University of California, Riverside. 1941 Map: Toro Peak; Calif. (15', 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1941. On file, Map Collection, Tomas Rivera Library, University of California, Riverside. 1959 Map: Palm Desert, Calif. (15', 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1954, field checked in 1957 and 1959. On file, Map Collection, Tomas Rivera Library, University of California, Riverside. 1979 Map: Santa Ana, Calif. (1:250,000); 1959 edition revised in 1979. On file, CRM TECH, Riverside. 1980 Map: La Quinta, Calif. (75, 1:24,000); 1959 edition photorevised, based on aerial photographs taken in 1978. On file, Map Collection, Tomas Rivera Library, University of California, Riverside. Well log 1952a Well log, No. 05S07E29LO1S. Valley Water District, Coachella. 1952b Well log, No. 05S07E29MO1S. Valley Water District, Coachella. 1953 Well log, No. 05SO7E29L02S. Valley Water District, Coachella. Personal Communications On file, Engineering Department, Coachella On file, Engineering Department, Coachella On file, Engineering Department, Coachella Maddox, Joe Engineering Department, Coachella Vallev Water District, Coachella. Shibata, Charles Long - time resident of the Indio area. 31 .Ji j 0�Ijl APPENDIX 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS 32 OWNER AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Bruce Love, Ph.D., SOPA (Society of Professional Archaeologists) CRM TECH 126 Barret Road Riverside, CA 92507 Professional history 1993- Owner and principal investigator, CRM TECH, Riverside 1990-1993 Director, Archaeological Research Unit, U.C. Riverside Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, U.C. Riverside 1989-1990 Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UCLA 1987-1990 Owner and principal investigator, Pyramid Archaeology, Palmdale, California 1986-1987 Junior Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Pre -Columbian Research, Washington, D.C. 1981-1986 Part-time CRM consultant; doctoral student at UCLA Education 1986 Ph.D. Anthropology UCLA 1981 M.A. Anthropology UCLA 1976 B.A. Anthropology UCLA 1995 "CEQA Workshop," presented by Association of Environmental Professionals 1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites" presented by Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno. 1994 "CEQA 1994: Issues, Trends, and Advanced Topics" presented by UCLA Extension. 1990 "Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preservation Law" presented by U.S. General Services Administration Training Center. Memberships Society of Professional Archaeologists (certified in field research, teaching, and archaeological administration) Association of Environmental Professionals (Inland Empire Chapter board member) American Planning Association Society for American Archaeology Society for California Archaeology Society for Historic Archaeology American Society for Ethnohistory Coachella Valley Archaeological Society 33 051 PROJECT HISTORIAN Bai Tom Tang Education 1988-1993 Graduate Program in Public History/Historic Preservation, U. C. Riverside 1987 M. A., American History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 1982 B. A., History, Northwestern University, Xi an, China 1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno Professional Experience 1993- Project Historian, CRMI TECH, Riverside, California 1993- Project Historian, Greenwood and Associates, Pacific Palisades, California 1991-1993 Project Historian, Archaeological Research Unit, U. C. Riverside 1990 Intern Researcher, California State Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento 1990-1992 Teaching Assistant, History of Modern World, U. C. Riverside 1988-1993 Research Assistant, American Social Historv, LT. C. Riverside 1985-1988 Research Assistant, Modem Chinese History, Yale University 1985-1986 Teaching Assistant, Modern Chinese History, Yale University 1982-1985 Lecturer, History, Van Foreign Languages Institute, Van, China Honors and Awards 1988-1990 University of California Graduate Fellowship, U. C. Riverside 1985-1987 Yale University Fellowship, Yale University Graduate School 1980, 1981 President's Honor List, Northwestern University, Xi an, China Memberships Association of Environmental Professionals (Inland Empire Chapter board member) Cultural Resources Management Reports Preliminary Analyses and Recommendations Regarding California's Cultural Resources Inventory System (With Special Reference to Condition 14 of NPS 1990 Program Review Report). California State Office of Historic Preservation working paper, Sacramento, September 1990. Approximately 70 cultural resources survey, evaluation, and mitigation reports with the Archaeological Research Unit, CRM TECH, and Greenwood and Associates, October 1991-December 1996. 34 PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGIST Steven A. Moffitt Education 1996 Ph.D. (in progress), Anthropology, University of California, Riverside 1996 M.S., Anthropology, University of California, Riverside Specializing in the Management of Archaeological Resources 1992 B.S. (with honors), Anthropology, University of California, Riverside 1979 A.A., Sociology, Barstow Community College Professional Experience 1996 Co -Principal Investigator/Project Director, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, Tucson, Arizona (posted to Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona) 1994-95 Crew Member, Affinis, San Diego, California 1994-91 Crew Chief, TMI Environmental Services, San Diego, California 1993-96 Senior Staff Archaeologist/Project Director, Archaeological Research Unit, University of California, Riverside 1993-96 Teaching Assistant, University of California, Riverside 1992-93 Crew Chief, Archaeological Research Unit, University of California, Riverside 1991-92 Crew Member, Archaeological Research Unit, University of California, Riverside 1991-92 Crew Member, Center for Public Archaeology, California State University, Northridge Professional Affiliations Society for American Archaeology Plains Anthropological Association Society of Ethnobiology 35 053 HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGIST Richard H. Norwood R T Factfinders 43416 16th Street West, #13 Lancaster, CA 93534 Education 1980 M. A., Anthropology, San Diego State University 1973 B. A., Anthropology/Geology, San Diego State University, 1973 1967-1970 San Diego Community College 1961-1963 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Geology Major Professional Experience 1989- Owner and principal investigator, R T Factfinders, Lancaster 1984- Historic Preservation Officer and Archaeologist, United States Air Force, Edwards Air Force Base 1988-1990 Instructor of Physical Science, Antelope Valley College, Lancaster 1982-1984 Staff Cartographer and Consultant, Dames & Moore, Inc./Wirth Environmental Services, Fort Irwin Archaeological Project, Barstow 1981-1982 Staff Archaeologist, Cornerstone Research, San Diego 1977-1981 Staff Archaeologist, Regional Environmental Consultants (RECON), San Diego 1974-1978 Instructor of Anthropology, San Diego Community College District and San Diego Mesa College, San Diego Cultural Resources Management Reports Over 500 cultural resource reports of various types. A list of reports, excluding negative survey reports, is available upon request. Research Interests Historic archaeology Great Basin archaeology/anthropology Cataloging and curation methods Evolution of technology Early milling horizon, Southern California Obsidian trace element and hydration analysis Lithic technology and functional analysis Paleontology/paleoenvironmental change Prehistoric trade systems 36 .,;; 054 APPENDIX 2: ARTIFACT CATALOGUE CA-RIV-4750/H Compiled by Richard Norwood 37 -!�'�� 055 KEY TO ARTIFACT CATALOGUE CODE DEFINITION CODE DEFINITION DATABASE SANIT SANITARY CAN CAT CATALOG NUMBER FOIL ALUMINUM FOIL MAT MATERIAL MADE OF TUBE TUBE CLS CLASS OF ARTIFACT, DESCR=IE MEAT MEAT FOR PORTION OF ARTIFACT COSMT COSNMETIC COL COLOR OF ARTIFACT EGG EGG TYP SPECIFIC TYPE OF ARTIFACT FRICT FRICTION TOP CAN FN GENERAL GROUP FUNCTION MILK MILK DO SPECIFIC DOMAIN OF FUNCTION UNK UNKNOWN TEXT MAKER'S MARK OR TEXT PRESENT CNT COUNT/NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS FIELD: FN DIAM BASE OR MAX DIAMETER OF 1 DOMESTIC, EXPENDABLE CONTAINER 2 DOMESTIC, NON -EXPENDABLE, HIGH HEIGHT OR LENGTH KITCHEN WIDE WIDTH 3 DOMESTIC, GENERAL THIC THICKNESS 4 DOMESTIC, CONSTRUCTION, CAP NECK OR CAP DIAMETER MAINTENANCE OTY OPENING TYPE 5 PERSONAL SIZE STANDARDIZED SIZE IF KNOWN 6 RECREATION NOTES MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 7 TRANSPORTATION L LOCUS (UNIT NO.) 8 FARMING RANCHING 9 MINING FIELD: MAT 10 MILITARY BON BONE 1' COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL CAR CARBON 1_ NON-ARTIFACTUAL/ MISCELL.AN-E= GLS GLASS MTL METAL FIELD: DO PAP PAPER ITEMS IA CANNED FOOD/PRODUCTS, RETAIL PLA PLASTIC 1 B GLASSED FOOD/PRODUCTS, RETAIL SHL SHELL ITEMS 1C OTHER PACKAGING/FOOD/PRODUCTS 1D PRODUCE/FRESH FIELD: CLS (SEEDS/PITS/CRATES) BTL BOTTLE IE MEAT/FRESH CAN CAN, ALL VARIETIES 1F LIDS, CAPS, UNDIFFERENTIATED GEN GENERAL HOUSEHOLD 2A CERAMICS KIT KITCHEN RELATED 2B GLASSWARE ELE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 2C CANNING JARS/CANNING EQUIPMEN'Ti 3B PLUMBING SYSTEMS FIELD: FOR 3C TEMPERATURE CONTROL BBDY BASE AND BODY/TOP MISSING 2E ENAMELWARE/TINWARE BASE BASE 3D PEST CONTROL COMP COMPLETE ARTIFACT 2G KITCHEN APPLIANCES FRAG UNDIFFERENTIATED FRAGMENT 3E ENTERTAINMENT LID LID ONLY 2I CHILD/SPECIAL FOOD PREP TOOLS ROD ROD 2D FLATWARE SIDE SIDE 2F COOKWARE TOP TOP 2H OTHER FOOD PREP/SERVICE TOOLS 3A ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FIELD: COL 3F SECURITY ALU ALUMINUM 3G FURNISHINGS AMB AMBER 3H ARCHITECTURAL BLK BLACK 31 DECORATION BON YELLOW -CREAM -WHITE (BONE 3j CHILD REARING/TOYS & EQUIPMENT COLORED) 3K PET SUPPLIES/EQUIPMENT CLE CLEAR, TRANSPARENT 7D AIRCRAFT MIX MIXED COLORS 4A TOOLS PNK PINK 8A FENCING STL STEEL 4C HARDWARE FIXTURES WHI WHITE 8B IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 5A GROOMING FIELD: TYP 8C FARM MANUAL EQUIPMENT BEER BEER 5C ADORNMENT ALL MIXED TYPES 8D FARM MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT CONDI CONDIMENT 5E HABITS/ADDICTIONS PAPER PAPER 8E LIVESTOCK/POULTRY FORK PORK 68 FISHING GEAR D-CELL BATTERY 9A BLASTING SYSTEMS 0 '��� 056 CODE DEFINITION 6D HOBBIES/GAMES 9B DRILLING 7B AUTO/MOTORCYCLE 9C ASSAY 4B HARDWARE FASTENERS 9D LIGHTING S B CLOTHING 10A UNIFORMS/DECORATIONS 6A ARMS/MUNITIONS/HUNTING GEAR 10B ARMS 7A HORSE/TACK/WAGON 4D MATERIALS CODE DEFINITION 5D PERSONAL KIT (COINS, WALLET, WATCH) 6C SPORTING EQUIPMENT 7C RAILROAD lOC FIELD KIT 11A MACHINERY 11B RESTAURANT 11C OTHER CONIMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL FIELD: TEXT TEXT DESCRIPIVE TEXT/MAKER'S MARKS ARTIFACT CATALOGUE CA-RIV-4750H CAT MAT CLS TYP FOR COL FN DO TEXT CNT L 1 GLS BTL CONDI COMP CLE 1 B JAR/"MG"/"i548"/"11" 1958-1961 1 1 2 MTL CAN MEAT FRAG STL 1 A MEAT CAN PARTS/ CA 3.13 X 2.00 1 1 3 MTL CAN ALL FRAG STL 1 A CAN PARTS/BEER/MILK/FOOD/RUSTED 01. 1 1 4 GLS BTL UNK SIDE CLE 1 B CLEAR BOTTLE SIDEWALL 1 1 5 MTL BTL CONDI LID STL 1 B STEEL JAR LID/ CA 2.04" DIAM 1 1 6 SHL KIT EGG FRAG WHI 1 D EGG SHELL FRAGMENTS 1 1 7 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.06" TALL 1 1 8 MTL CAN FRICT LID STL 1 A FRICTION TOP CAN LID/REINFORCED 1 1 9 MTL CAN BEER BBDY STL 1 A ALL STEEL/BEER/KEY OPENED 1 1 10 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.07TALL 1 1 11 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.07" TALL 1 1 12 MTL C.AN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.07TALL 1 1 13 MTL CAN MILK TOP STL 1 A MILK CAN TOP/2.09" DIAM 1 1 14 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.07TALL 1 1 15 MTL CAN MILK TOP STL 1 A MILK CAN TOP/2.09- DIAM 1 1 16 MTL CAN MILK TOP STL 1 A MILK CAN TOP/2.09" DIAM 1 1 17 MTL CAN SANIT BASE STL 1 A BASE FRAGMENT/2.14" DIAM 1 1 18 MTL CAN SANIT BASE STL 1 A BASE FRAGMENT/2.11" DIAM 1 1 19 NITL CAN SANIT BASE STL 1 A BASE FRAGMENT/2.12" DIAM 1 1 20 MTL CAN SAMT LID STL 1 A OPENED LID FRAGMENT/2.10" DIAM 1 1 21 MTL CAN SANIT LID STL 1 A OPENED LID FRAGMENT/2.12" DIAM 1 1 22 CAR ELE DCELL ROD BLK 3 A D-CELL/BATTERY ROD 1 1 23 MTL KIT FOIL FRAG AL" 1 C FOIL FRAGMENTS i 1 24 PLA KIT WRAP FRAG MIX 1 C PLASTIC WRAP/R/W/WOVEN WIRE MOTIF 1 1 25 CAR ELE DCELL COMP WHI 3 A D-CELL/SOME TEXT VISIBLE/NO DATE 2 1 26 PAP GEN PAPER FRAG BLK 3 E MASS OF CARBONIZED PAPER/ILLEGIBLE 1 2 27 MTL CAN ALL FRAG STL 1 A CAN PARTS/BEER/MILK/FOOD/RUSTED OUT 1 2 28 MTL CAN MILK COMP STL 1 A MILK CAN 2.08" DIAM/2.06" TALL 1 2 29 MTL CAN MILK COMP STL 1 A MILK CAN 2.08" DIAM/2.06" TALL 1 2 30 MTL CAN SANIT BBDY STL 1 A LARGE CRUSHED SANITARY/CA 5-TALL i 2 31 MTL BTL CROWN CAP STL 1 B CROWN TYPE BOTTLE CAPS/FOIL LINED 2 2 32 PLA KIT TUBE FRAG PNK 2 H PLASTIC TUBE/PARTLY MELTED 1 2 33 GLS BTL BEER SIDE AMB 1 B AMBER SIDEWALL 2 2 34 MTL KIT FOIL FRAG ALU 1 C FOIL FRAGMENTS 1 2 35 MTL CAN SANIT SIDE STL 1 A CAN SIDE/3" TALL 1 2 36 BON KIT PORK FRAG BON 1 E HAM BONE/BURNED 1 ' 2 37 PLA KIT WRAP FRAG MIX 1 C PLASTIC WRAP/STRIP/BLUE CHECKERBD 1 2 38 MTL CAN MEAT FRAG STL 1 A MEAT CAN PARTS/UNMEASUREABLE 1 2 39 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.06" TALL 1 2 40 MTL GAN BEER? SIDE STL I A ALL STEEL/BEER/SIDE 1 2 41 MTL CAN BEER TOP STL 1 A ALL STEEL/BEER/KEY-OPENED 1 2 42 MTL CAN MILK SIDE STL 1 A MILK CAN SIDE/2.07 TALL 3 2 43 MTL CAN MILK TOP STL 1 A MILK CAN TOP/2.08" DIAM 1 2 44 MTL CAN MILK FRAG STL 1 A MILK CAN TOP FRAGMENTS/KEY OPENED 2 2 45 GLS BTL UNK SIDE CLE 1 B CLEAR BOTTLE SIDEWALL 17 2 46 GLS BTL UNK SIDE LGR 1 B LIGHT GREEN BOTTLE SIDEWALL 3 2 47 SHL KIT EGG FRAG WHI 1 D EGG SHELL FRAGMENTS 1 2 48 GLS BTL CONDI BASE CLE 1 B BASEFRAG/BEADED TEXTURE/"C" 1 2 49 GLS BTL COSMT BASE CLE 1 B RECT/"MEN... /370... /DIAMOND LOGO" 1 2 TOTAL 73 39 ARTIFACT CATALOGUE BY FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN CA-RIV-4750H CAT MAT CLS FOR COL TYP TEXT FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: IA 2 MTL CAN FRAG STL MEAT MEAT CAN PARTS/ CA 3.13 X 2.00 3 7 MTL CAN MTL CAN FRAG STL ALL CAN PARTS/BEER/MILK/FOOD/ RUSTED OUT 8 MTL CAN SIDE LID STL STL MILK MILK CAN SIDE/2.06" TALL 9 MTL CAN BBDY STL FRICT FRICTION TOP CAN LID/REINFORCED 10 MTL CAN SIDE STL BEER MILK ALL STEEL/BEER/KEY OPENED 11 MTL CAN SIDE STL MILK MILK CAN SIDE/2.07' TALL MILK CAN SIDE/2.07' TALL 12 MTL CAN SIDE STL MILK MILK CAN SIDE/2.07' TALL 13 MTL CAN TOP STL MILK MILK CAN TOP/2.09" DIAM 14 MTL CAN SIDE STL MILK MILK CAN SIDE/2.07' TALL 15 MTL CAN TOP STL MILK MILK CAN TOP/7-09" DIAM 16 17 MTL CAN MTL CAN TOP BASE STL STL MILK MILK CAN TOP/2.09" DIAM 18 MTL CAN BASE STL SANIT SANIT BASE FRAGMENT/214" DIAM BASE FRAGMENT/2.11" 19 MTL CAN BASE STL SANIT DIAM BASE FRAGMENT/2.1Z' DIAM 20 21 MTL CAN MTL CAN LID LID STL SANIT OPENED LID FRAGMENT/2.10" DIAM 27 MTL CAN FRAG STL STL SANIT OPENED LID FRAGMENT/2.12" DIAM 28 MTL CAN COMP STL ALL MILK CAN PARTS/BEER/MILK/FOOD/RUSTED OUT 29 MTL CAN COMP STL MILK MILK CAN 2.08" DIAM/2.06" TALL MILK 30 MTL CAN BBDY STL SANIT CAN 2.08" DIAM/2.06" TALL LARGE CRUSHED SANITARY/CA 5" TALL 35 MTL CAN SIDE STL SANIT CAN SIDE/3" TALL 38 39 MTL CAN MTL CAN FRAG SIDE STL MEAT MEAT CAN PARTS/UNMEASLI2EABLE 40 MTL CAN SIDE STL STL MILK BEER? MILK CAN SIDE/2.06" TALL 41 MTL CAN TOP STL BEER ALL STEEL/BEER/SIDE ALL STEEL/ BEER/ KEY -OPENED 42 MTL CAN SIDE STL MILK MILK CAN SIDE/2.07' TALL 43 MTL CAN TOP STL MILK MILK CAN TOP/2.08" DIAM 44 Subtotal MTL CAN FRAG STL MILK MILK CAN TOP FRAGME.NTS/KEY OPENED FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: is 1 4 GLS BTL GLS BTL COMP CLE COND[ JAR/"MG"/"1548"/"11" 1958-1961 SIDE CLE UNK CLEAR BOTTLE SIDEWALL 3 31 MTL BTL MTL LID STL CONDI STEEL JAR LID/ CA 2.04" DIAbI 33 BTL GLS BTL CAP SIDE STL CROWN CROWN TYPE BOTTLE CAPS/FOIL LLNED 45 GLS BTL SIDE A,MB CLE BEER UNK AMBER SIDEWALL CLEAR BOTTLE SIDEWALL 46 GLS BTL SIDE LGR UNK LIGHT GREEN BOTTLE SIDEWALL 48 GLS BTL BASE CLE CONDI BASE FRAG/BEADED TEXTURE/"C" 49 Subtotal GLS BTL BASE CLE COSMT RECT/"MEN... /370.../DIAMOND LOGO" FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: IC 23 MTL KIT FRAG ALU FOIL FOIL FRAGMENTS 24 34 PLA KIT MTL FRAG MIX WRAP PLASTIC WRAP/R/W/WOVEN WIRE MOTIF KIT FRAG ALU FOIL FOIL FRAGMENTS 37 Subtotal PLA KIT FRAG MIX WRAP PLASTIC WRAP/STRIP/BLUE CHECKERBD FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: 1 D 6 47 SHL KIT SHL KIT FRAG WHI EGG EGG SHELL FRAGMENTS Subtotal FRAG WHI EGG EGG SHELL FRAGMENTS FUNCTIONAL DOMALN: 1 E 36 BON KIT FRAG BON PORK HAM BONE/BURNED Subtotal FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: 2H 32 Subtotal PLA KIT FRAG PNK TUBE PLASTIC TUBE/PARTLY MELTED CNT L 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 17 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 29 m 05� CAT MAT CLS POR COL TYP FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: 3A 22 CAR ELE ROD BLK DCELL 25 CAR ELE COMP WHI DCELL Subtotal FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN: 26 PAP GEN FRAG Subtotal TOTAL TEXT D-CELL/BATTERY ROD D-CELL/SOME TEXT VISIBLE/NO DATE CNT 1 2 3 3E BLK PAPER MASS OF CARBONIZED PAPER/ILLEGIBLE 1 1 73 41 . t : 059 Correspondence and Written Material ._,,; 060 I R H' ,jry n. ^ R - gyp' n � � Q R � y an n :e N n - n O n ,ny r.' n r �1 Preservation Action 1350 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite 401 Washington, DC 20036 �(,�\`. vatianQ.tm� \on r. y��![�q rmuprw TP t P.Q. ox 1504 ���>>NMEr1� La 6uinta, f�A 4 2�Y -� pLw' ` VIDEO NOW AVAILABLE! a,t„i,i,,lA,i:l :!i i,i,:i ,,,I,ir,1,1 ..._________.______--.______ Order Form —Home Again: The Historic Homeownership Tax Credit Video 810.00 ea. for Preservation Action members "> @ 812.00 ea. for non-members w -aRegular U.S. Mail; 83.20 for 1st video + 80.30 each additional '� =r Priority U.S. Mail; 84.50 for 1st video + -80.20 each additional m � F iLI FedEx; call Preservation Action at 202-659-0915 for amount ` For orders more than 10 call 202-659-0915 TOTAL Ship To Name Address City, State, Zip Phone Method of Payment ❑ CheA enclosed (payable to Preservation Action) ❑ Charge my ❑ MasterCard ❑ VISA Card number Exp. date Signature Send or fax order to: Preservation Action, 1350 Connecticut Ave., I.W., Suite 401 Washington, DC 20036 Fax: 202-050-0189 062 Nat0.mal Trutt for Hatone Prsaervaton Fax X2,sS* ]08 Voice. 202404264 To: Laelie Mourqu... Peas 1 ct5 %a•Eey, May 13,1997 0', 3S:1I AM MAY 1997 • 1, 1kyl• News National Trust for Historic Preservation Blumenauer Introduces Post Office Community Partnership BIII (H.R. 1231): Cosponsors Needed Rep. marl Blumenauer (D-CR) introduced the "Pest ^face Community ?artnership Act" (H.R 123' 1 cm April Stt in response to the U.S. Postal Sen•i-^e's (i SPS; esnlating trend towards relocating post offices away frcm traditional dowmtcwms to suburban Lca?ions. The proposed legislation provides for minimum citizen involvement recuirements which would apply to the renovation, relocation, closing, or consolidation of Fos- offices. and requires tb.e Postal Service to comply with am, local zoning or huilding codes with which the State and local govern m--.ents thernseXes must also con.ply. ?rational Trust President Richaic Moe was quick w praise Rep. Flumenauer and H R 1231 for "standing up ... for the Main Streets cf America." and :emglizing that post offices are 'an essential part of a community s heritage and economic vi:ahty.', .. in this edition • BlronenaurIntr.,ducesPostal Commaniq• Partnerhip Act • National Historic Pr=senation Act Amcndmente Intmdwed • House Transpportation Committee Staff Privoses ISTE,I Reauthorization Biff • Historic Homeo,r n;hiP Tax Credit Begins to Buda .Momentum • D unntn-i and SthiffIntroaitce Petroglrphs Boumla+i Adji,stinent Bill Closir:gs versus Relocations Vol. 4 Post offices arc the heart and soul of manv small towns across the nation and are an integral part of the ihedtage �!' the communities they serve. Yet, `.n many instances. the USPS closing and relocation policies ignore local. zoning laws and building codes in mai it:g decisions about heir facilities, and citizens are often shut out of the decision -making process altogether. These Postal Service decisions often contribute to she decline of historic dcwntowns. reduce the economic vitality of downtown areas, reduce access to post cffice services to the poor and elderly. and contribute to urban sprawl. While current law does require the LISPS to consider the effect of any closures or consoiidations rn communities. postal autaorities do not apply these same criteria to "relocations." For instance, under the current guidelines. the Postal Service might dose a downtown post office and open a new one in the suburbs b it Labe! the action as a "relocation." which is not suu'lect to commu:iit,, contact procedures. Minimum Commun_ty Contac- Procedures The prorn posed 3luenauer legislatiort ;H.R 1231) addresses this inequitable treatment of closings and relocations by recuiring the Postal Sen•ice to consider a series cf enteiia, including the following, before snaking a m.aior change (renovation, relocation. closing nr consolidation) to a post office: • the effect of such renovation. relocation closing, or consolidation on tnc cornmunity served b.v such post office: • -he extent to which a post office is part of a downtown business area; • whether the cominunity served by the post office opposes the decision; • what the long -tern. economic savings to the post office w:)uld be: and • whether Ph reasonable aiternatives have been 'horoughlr evaivated. it addition. the decisions on relocations and renovations of post offices could be appealed to the ,.� ,; 0 6 3 Netbnallistfor M'utni<Presarveum Pax 202aS8 38 VOL-e: 282688E254 T.. Lealb M..r.qune Page 205%esaay Meg 13,19973'. at M AM Preservation Advocate News, Alto 1997, Vol. 4 Postal Rate Coa-.r.:ssion under inn new legislation. Under current law. nr.ly closure decisicns can 2 PF ealec. Local Zcnini C-nflicrs Tht'CS?S. because it's a Fecerai entity, ha; the ahi:i:v to werride loal zoning requiremens. ,.,;s exemption from local zoning and building la-v.s has red the Postal Service to build nety facilities or mace changes .o evsting taei:i_ies that are in conflict with Deaf plaits for growth management. trafi'r_ ma-tagement. envtronmenta. crotection. and public satew The Blumenauer legislation (,H.R 1231) would require E,e Pcs:al Sen•ice to o-Mph• with a^v bcal za­.ing or building codes wii:ch the State and local gos•e:nrnen's themselves must cmu-,pk with. without. placing an unnecessary bi:rden Cr. the Posta. Service. This ;:,00d r.eighbcr' polia-wouH ers.ire ghat the Postal Sen•iceuill be treated as a responsible part of the heal Ccnuimnitc_ and consider :he Snpact of their colons. H.R i `_'i! was introduced on Anr_1 bth and reterrec _c _he Hcuse Committee cn Ge�,emanent Retor;n and ;:aersi;tit. Cesprnsis Needed 1,Ve need tour help in secnlr:no cosponsors for H.R 1"_3'i. It :s important that vear Congressional rep:esen-acives be made aware of the scope of the post ottice relocation problem and i-s negative impact r.n Lenununities. 3elcw Is a list of _he current cosponsors ,or H.13 Rep. Martin Frost iD TXti Rep. Thomas M. Foolietta (D-?A) Rep. Bernard. SanZers (I-Ni 1 Rep. Robert A. Bonki (D-PA', Rep. Amc Hose ;_on. It. (R-NT•; Rep. Rosa DeLau-o D-CT) Rep. John E. Balciazci �D-ME) Rep. P%ter A. DeFazio (D-OR) Rep. Virgil H. Goode.:r. (D-A :A) %tie urge you to sprite or call your Represcutatives and ask tnerl to cosponsor :he Blun:enacer legislation (H.R. 12s 1) as the hest way tc. help the Pes:al Sen•ice become an essential pa -titer in preser::ng the heritage and emnornicitality- Dfti:e natinr(s connnunides ar.d historic downto•.vs. nave vcur Represerta_ives contact M;cliael Harrison_ Legidat e Assistantir. he Milne of Rep. Earl Bluntenacer at 2C2-225--S 11 or more lnforrna:ion or to ces .)nser H.R 1231. 1`. ': ou need assisxrce in drafting correspor.cence to vour C_. n rr ress(oal rehrese:l:euves. contact :he Natienal�Tr.at-s Law and Public P, lhcv- Department at 202-°SS-6254 ttr a sample letter to use As a euide. The National :-rest Clanks -.he presenation advocates who wrote and called us eariier in the vear wit.1 examples of post office relocations and closures that affected their comsunities. These examples were of gzeat help in formulating legislation that responded direcdv to the root causes of the post cffrce relocation problern. Hefley Introduces National Historic. Preservation Act Antendinerts Representative Joel Heflev (R-::O) introduced legislation (H.R :522') c;n Mav Is: making Pmendments to the National Historic Preservation Act of 196b (NHFA). including an extension of the authorization fa deoosis of rcvaltics from offshore oil leases for the Eistoric Preserva_ion Fund (HFR through The Heflev nil: also proposes ro amend the NHFA by ccdihving President. C:in'ori s Executive Order No. 1300b cf Mnv I Uoe. stipulating that Federal agencies givefirst consideratio:l cc h)istc,ic properties in histecc districts in central dolvntown arees and business districts when relocatirw federal faci.i7ies. In addition. H.R : 5^_° creates a new section nt the Act which autho:izes the Advisors- Council on Historic Preseration to resolve disputes and disagreemet s that inay arise among government agencies and project. sponsors. ',-lie riefley legslation also amends the NHFA it-. three important ways bv: 1) codiSving an agceer lent with Cong essionai appropriators that. in t11e 5.iiure, the Nat :( r.a! Tnrstwill no :ortoer receive an appropriation from t:­ie Historic Preservation Fm:d: ) L1clucing a FFAT wision stating that the Department of the Interior 1si11 no longer auto:nat:calh- make a ceterminaticn about National Registe: oligiF,iiir• -fa property when the ci r.er has objected to the lst:ng; and 3) remc;ving the exemption of the Wh.i-e He-.rse. the t-.S. Canitol. and the Supreme Court from the previsions of the Act. Although presen•ationists iritialb: sought only a straight reauthorization of cleoosits to :he Historic Preservation Fund :-i!i, this legislation proposes to make some beneficial charges in the historic presentation program 6Dr which the National Tract commends Representative blefley. '',�_ vever, l:reservationists are concerned that t'n!s bill vcI1 attract crdesirable amendments relating to property nghts. owner consent. and other issues. The National rust will closets monitor the le`isla(ien as it moves [.1 0-11 the: House ISTEA Reauthorization At Critical Juncture The reautill r:zation of the Llterm-dal Surface -1"ransnorteuon Efftc'ena, Act (IcTEA) is moving ©64 Nano Mai Tvatfor Historic Preservation F a x X24W6J Voice: 202b 4!254 7,,Lai.Mounquenq Pe9eJ of 5 Tcesday,May13,1997 3 s2.30 AM Preservalion Advocate News, May 1997, Vol. 4 forward on Capitol Hill %vith. conrrnittee hearings cornrletec In -he House and Senate. and the respective tramperotien committee states %corking to meld the competing and cften conflictial,,ve:sions <.t the bills into a workable :eve of ie� slatmn. By fari the overriding and most ccnuove-sial issue for couunittee staff is determining how much federal money each state should receive and under what proposed formula. Other issues fur committee staff tc consider are: I detennir.ing an acceptable level of consoCcaticr. in `ederal transportation progratrli: and ^_) how much flexibility to give tc State Department of Transportations (�=s) in allocating federal de-llars to meet State trarso-etation needs. However. t:re flexibility issuc is of prime concern to: historic nresen-ati la and transportation polio•. Among the -flexibility, and consolidation proposals being considered by 'he Republican staff of the House Transportaccr. and Inrrastnicture Committee is a draft 'STEA reauth.ou zation bill %%_rich would alloty State DOTS -o :aid their modest enhancements allowances to build new ceads; and bridles. This =pnsal '.s a direct assa.iit cn The transperittion enhancements set asi ie. and on tine hundan-ental principle ,, IS -EA That transr,ortaticn projects :n the Sta.tlis should be devised in ,rays drat. reelect the values and preferences of citizens ar.d communities. The Tratrsportaiicn Enl-.ancenrents pro —am was cra_--ted f^r proiects designed to strengLzen the ailtural. aesthei and environnienta'. aspects of the Nation s interrrodal transportation system and it ren-.ains xte of ISTEA's most progreseitve ani flexible fea lures. The Transportation committee staffs draft iSTLA reauthorization bi:l speciously purports to increase flexibility and decis:a-. inakuig -or St -are DOTS ly ail %%�ng then to use up tc CM of enhancements funds for other perposts'! With the excec-ion cif the STEP- 21 proposal, no other scrious ISTE-s reauthorizatsrplan treats enhancements so .1arshl•. All of the niaj_r reauthorization pr:;-osals in the Senate. inci:ci-to Senator Warner s STEP-21 version and Senator Eauars's STARS ^_000. keen the enhancements program in tcto. Fi'ty-six House members from STEP-^_ 1 states are supporting an IS'1-EA renewal bsl: that maces changes tney want in the allcca:ion formulas for tederal funds but :races the basic structure of ISTEA, including enhancements, in its present form. Tyne Republican Committeestaffs craft %:ill be enable State DuTs to gut the cniunce.ments Ili with all of its citizen panicipation and non- tradrn.: rat transo_ nrta'ion al-.ernative, w-der the Prise of consolidation and flexibility. The leadership of the House and Senate ❑ransperation committees have indica-ed that tnrinai cons:ceraticn of [ce ISTFA reautltorizaciou bill could begin in late May or early lone, wi111 hill consideratic; by the House and Senate taking piace before the luh• 4th recess, Hcvever. manv obser%eis relieve such a timetable is overIv anibitio,is and unrealistic becacse of the manv content 'cus issues still to 'oe resolved. Historic Homeo-wnership Tax Credit Continues to Gather Cosponsors, Attention in Press The "Historic Homeo%vnership Assistance Act (H.R. 1134/S. 496) continues to gain Congressional support and public visibility following its introduction it-, March. The proposed legislation has garnered 44 cosponsors in the House and four in the Senate. and has been receiving favorable treat:nerit in the press in mail - parts of the country. Additional press coverage has fo_vsed on the abandonment of older housing structures in cities across the countr:. wi-lich points -o the need for the historic horneownershi�. tax credit as a means to revive urban neighborhoods. For example. rite Balt;mire Sun recently featured a series -t articles on the bar -dulled housing problem in Baltimore. 'ol'iowing a peltnlong investigation into the citds housing crisis. Some 50.,)30 residences are now aband-Dried and decaving ci tin+ide, and at least 18.000 of these structures are nocv, owned x contro'.1ed by the city through liens. The St,n expose revealee that Baltimore has lost 300,000 of its residen-s over the past 25 vicars -- ' cr.e of the fastest exoduses from an American city in modern times." Stories in The ::ei, HaT n—Advorate. The lVeia Haras Register. and Tor Yale Daiwv 'Vows reoon a similar cycle of abandonment and demciit.cr. of (rousing in New Haven. Conncctiart. New Haven s city leadership decided to adapt to, rather than combat. urban flightby "downsizing" the city CZ:ough a program cf den,clit.on ironically es;ided. the 'Livable Citv Initiative- (_,CI). Under tare LCI. tl-.e city demolishes abandoned buadings and creates ero-v lots adioining existing property. then sells the lots for a token price to residen's who want to reinvent the space to make communities more "livable." The New Haven and Bahinrore examples demonstrate that the historic home, amersltip tax credit colild provide the catalyst for reversing the c ,ice of decav and abar�.conment ir, these cities. -he homeownership credit will provide an incentive for p�eople to nrcvec back to the city and reaabilitate existing 1'ousing in sufficient nurtbers to revitalize neighborha-ds and ccmnnur,ities The National -: lust co: ninues to step up it pressure on Ca.pito! Hill fir the it meo%vnership tax credit. The Trust recenth• completed a photo -illustrated report dreumenting 17 historic districts in ten states which could'benefc from the hnmecNvaiership tax credit. The Trust is cirmlatin{ the report to key members of 061j: NatenalTvst for Historic Freaervatian Fez X,486838 Voice: 20258"264 To. Leslie Mourpuenc e,,. J o1`6%u.d.µ Me, 13, 1997 344 C64M Preservation Advocate News, May 1997, Vol. 4 Congressional tax-tyri-,ing committees and :.heir staff. Cosponsors - 44 The National Trust encourages you to write Barbara Kennelly (D-(-T) your Con; essional representatives to support the Nana' Johnson (R-CT) Historic I- lcaneoTanership Assistance Act. ifvour John Lewis (D-GA) renresentative has already co -sponsored the bill, be sure Philip S. English (F-PA) to thank him or her for their supper:. For those William I, Jeferson (D-LA) Members who are not listed er. the cosponsors list Auto Houg_nIon. Jr. (R-NT) below attached is a sample lenerwhich vcu can use to Richarc. E. veal (D-MA) ask for their su000it: Jim McCmN- (R-LA) - William J. Covne (D-PA) Benjamin L. Cardin (Z)-MD) Sample Letter to Members of Congress Richard H. Baker (R-LA) about H.R. 1134 and S. 496 Ken Bentsen (D-TX� The Historic Homeownership Assistance Act Donna Christian -Green (Di William Clay (D-MO) The Honorab'te James Clvburn (D-SC) _ U.S. House of United States Senate Thomas M. Foglietta (D-PA) W-ashmgttn. D.C. 20515 20510 Martian Fr-,st O-TX( Henry 3. Gcrzolez (D-TX) Dear Representatiye,'Senator: Bill McCollum Carrie Meek (D-FL) '. arn writir.e tc ask that vou cosponsor H.R John Mica (R-FL) 11'' :/5. 4u�, the Historic Homeewlrership Assistance Vic F. Snecer (D-AR) Act. as introduced by Representatives C"a� Shaw (R-FL) Fortnev H. "Pete-' Stark (D-CA) and 3arbara Kennelly (D-CT). anc Senators John Bruce F. Vento (D-MN) Chafee (R-RI) and Bob Graham (D-FL). This James T. Walsh (R-NY) !egislaticn would provide a 20 percent tax credit fc-r Frank R. Wolf (R-VA) rehabilitation e%penrbtires or an owner -occupied James A. -I raf:cant. It. historic home or a home in a historic district. _John W. Olver %D-NLAIi Nathan Deai(D-GA) :n our community. neighbofioods such as Ronald V. Dellums (D-CA) would benefit- from the incentive this prcpesal Nita M. Lowey (D-NY mould preside .'or people to move back ir. and t:x up the Bernard Sanders LATI old houses. This would bring abandoned properties Thomas M. DaTis III (R-VA) back on the tax rolls, and revitalize areas that '.nave Patric", J. Kennedy (D-RI) experiencec abandoranent and disinvestment. : he I Bob Livingston (F: LA) credit can also ne used to promote affordable housing Chaka Fattan (D-PA) objectives. In nun, this legislation would help cur Richard A. Gephardt con:nunits rebuild its declining rider neighborhoods Nlaurice Hinchev D-N-Y) scc strengthen cur entire economic and social ;errold Nadler 'U NP) environment. The legislation contains provisions to Ken Calvert (RCA) help lower- and ;T.'dd'e-income families into Thomas 1. Blilev. Jr. (R-VA) homecwnership in historic neighbcrhoods. I urge your Chris John (D-LA) active support of 1-1.3 1134 /S. 405. Karen McCarthy i D-MO) Doug_ Pereuter (D-NE) Sincere!%. S. 496 Spoils')r Historic Homeownership Assistance Act Current Cosponsors: ichn ;� hafee (R-RLi H.R. 1134 Cost rsors - 4 S�+orvsor Bob Graha(n 'D-FL) Tames te.,fords i R-N'"'. E. Clav Shaw. Jr ,'R-FL) Patrick 1. Leahv (- --'s T) Thad Cochran (R-MS'; NanoralTvsttor Hlsteric Preen aton Fax 2t2J 4303 V:scc 22486E264 Toaealle MOurioune Pao@ 6 of 6 TsuEay. May -3,19973'4616 AM Preservation Adrocate News, Wav 1997, Vol. i Domenici and Schiff Introduce Petroglyphs Bomidart' Adj ustment Bill Senator; ete Donrenici iR-NNI) and Representative Stever. Schiff (R \ V) introduced legislation IS. o_C: H-R. 1424) or April 23rd amercing the bourcary of the lretregieph Naticral Monun_ent in Albuquerque, Ness- Mexico. The boundary adjustment would exclude S.: acres of the Monument from staI 70tectien fcr the purpose rf exter.cirtg the road Poseo del Norte to:accornm.Ocate the rapid gro;vtit arc. -.ransportatian needs or dbuquerque s taest side and suburbs. The Pet--ogivplT National Monument Act was signed into law oil furze 1 7, 19,50 to protect the invaluable oiluual resources located throughout a 17- mile long. 7 .844-acre Volcanic ±scarpment on Albuquerque's west side. The Slonun;e:1- area conta.rs bemem I5.000 and :7.00s) petrogl-�hs -- the largest display of prehistoric rock art i_i the world -- )vhich were carvec Sy toe ancestc:s of tl�e I'aebli Indians still ;ivlrg in `:ew Vecml 7he petrcg. phs are a living t-aci:ion of re:i,>ious art for the Indians and are still regarded as sacred sires in their rel.k:.cus cerenrxiies. Senator Dornen:ci. Wll ) sportsOTed the Petroglyph National Monument Act in : o00 and has 'neer. active for the last fve Nears in :he controvery sure. -cncirg the Paseo del \ore extension. believes that S. nTi can help solve the impasse surrounding protectIcn of he Mcm:ment area anc - wide a solution to tUDuquu crae's transportation dilemma. In his introductory scaternent for -.Ste new bcundary acjustrnent legis:aror:. Senator Dontenici declared that "efforts to manage and pn:ect the Monum.ent•s na.t.uai a: c. cultural resources n•.us: ' mordirI with the needs ^r New Slesico's tastes[ Ortcwing cities [Albuquerque ar.c vo Rancho' • and that neid-.er al'MiSnC rretectionism, nor unmir-gated m.r.wth carbe para:rcur.t in this rela 6 onsi;ip. - National Trast Pres!cent Richard Moe wrote to Serator Domenic; on April 15t1t and urgad him t: reconsider Introcucing the nounciary adjustment legisladcn, s-.ating -.he extension of the Paseo del Norte expressway •'would irreparably harm the resources of the Petroglrph -National Monument and the visitor experience' and "set a dangerous precedes: for the integr.ty cf pars units' throughout the [narional Park] systenl S. 033 and H.R 1424 were rerer:ed tc *he Senate Committee on Energ; and Natural Resources arc the House Ccrnm.ittee cn Res%,nrces. respectively. :f you would like to become active in the petrogh-phs Issue or need more information, contact ti,.e Friencs c the Albuquerque ?etr Dgl•phs !F-D?APB, 29_0 Carlisle. NE. Albuquerque. NM 8711C-2855. i505) 889-3774. FOTAP's prassrnets a':er: on the Petroghphs National T%inurent is also available via the iraernei at. !iup://v w v.npea.orgr'otapalert.html. PRESERVAT/ON ADVOCATE NEWS IS PUBL15HEC ON 5 MONTH'�Y B4515 BY TFE nATIONAL RUSTS DEPARTHENT IF L W AND PUBLIC POLICY AND CSTRIBUTED VIA FACSIMI: TD ITS GRASSROC IS FA BOARU NETWORK. FOR 51GNLF WFOPFATION CONTACT. NATIONAL FUST FOR HISTORIC PRESEPIgTIOY DEPARTHENT OF LAW S PUBLIC POLICY 17B5 M• 55ACHU5ETT5 AVENUE. IJ.W \V'A51HINGTON, DC 2003e 202-588 5254 (PHONE) 202 588-5033 (SAX) E-MAIL: FOLICR✓NTHR ORG AMAR L OSTER'-1 AP DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS EDII NRITERS: EARL 'NOLF DAN CC5-ELLL I-A.R4 SO,GG5 e1ii97 PPF_SERVATII ADJOCAIE NEWS n67 B•15- local poets win prizes in contest By JOAN L. BOIKO Polm Desert Yost The La Quinta Historical Society hosted a Family Fun Day last weekend where local high school students were presented with prizes for their entries in the Soci- etv's annual poetry contest on the theme "How I Can Be Part of the La Quinta Story." Chaired by Alice Baffles Bell. a local poet and charter president of the Historical Society, the contest was entered by students in Diane Cinatl's La Quinta High School ju- nior English class. First prize honors. along with $35, a book of Bell's poetry and a membership to the La Quinta His- torical Society, went to Marissa Krause for the following poem: I am La Quinta JOAN L. BOIKO/Palm Desert Post Family Fun Day: At left. Marge Cleveland presents Chad Holland with prize. At right, Muriel Bower presents Marlssa Krause with prize. In center, a visitor from the Wild Bird Sanctuary at last weekend's La Quetta Historical Society event. I am the past, present and future of La Quinta. Reflected in each sunrise and sunset. the cactus blooms of spring and the clear, starry night skies. I have lived here my entire life and wish to preserve the desert way. I have grown, nurtured and been protected by our majestic Santa Rosas. I open my heart and listen to the ancient wisdom of Cahuilla grand- mothers and the pleading howls of brother coyote. I am part of La Quinta, just like You. Be proud, be strong and help keep the magic alive in beauty... La Quinta. Erica Garcia, who could not at- tend the event, won second place and $25, Belt book and Historical Society membership. Third prize was presented to Chad Holland, who received $15. Bell book and a Society membership. Other committee members in- cluded Marge Cleveland, Marilyn Knecht and Muriel Bower. MA Tesel-t StAild 5/2197 teawl= taw, 778-MS, Fax: 7784456 Experts in archaeology convene in the Coachella Valley to tr, to solve ■ ■ uAg"'kh st P I epic PUZZ183 DyJM11Elg PRICER The Desert Sun shrineof westerns pits f the northwestern shore of ancient Lake Cabin-hried la — site of the present day, but much smaller Salton Sea —has puzzled archae- ologists for yeara the mat, about on Sahuday, Quintca UityHall. RYstefRskw Prehistone, in theserlseofthe Coadwh V llw oanwally means before white men SymPOSlum anthropologist'ltsa When: 9 a.m.5 p.m, wonderUapportu- rdry for local rest - Where: City of La danfstogetan Quints Civic Center awareness ufour Council Chamber, rich and complex 78495 Call. Tampico thdia,pyst• Details: Symposium 7Re symposiumw is free and open to Imsolyorganizedfo the public. mverthepet,orpiu Information: Leslie neelingorchaeolon- Mouriquand,777- calinvestigations, 7068, torrent projects and f cour as'earch needs and beach, The tion. A lunch break is scheduled tot I lot hours The afternoon su�san will include a 20- minute break We are targeting a wide audience including professional and aeademicarchaeologists and anduopologists, enulenbs, shortcuts,mem- heisoflcealhisblicalandanfaeclogicalsocl- aties andmuseums, staff anddecismn-ri ers fi am local goven human and the general public,° Mourigiand said Development of the Coachella Valley has more to do with the 6ccreaslrg number of ar ehamlogical studies flan aredemic-sup- ported research. Wtan developers submit applications to cities, they most mclride archaeological surveys and recurm as al menns. `[ review these reports for compliance e with the state law and with City policies, Mourn quend said. -ftis notunmmmon W receive two or three such reports each month" GaftPublic Much dthe aaomalmed new data is buried to technical reports and is not often resented to the Public. Coychl Valley and use w mnethatls not pablishad in any fora f tat the public has my access i said Qaattmool, 9 think it will be myelabou to people to discover how much 'Our Indian hr past• The symposium isanotherdiiection fur CVAS initseRortte l rulgaidratnhu to pub- licinternal alias Is totally different farus-, ommyoul said." Usually, we are part ofanother event But ltlis sympaslom is an mural outgrowth and we re plannklg to do mom. CVwill rim field hips' on Sunday to What is archaeology? Achaeology is the stutly of man it a past through the things people leave behind. Archaeologists scour the earth for artifacts, reading it like a book. Most of what we know about prehistoric cultures, we learn from archaeologists. rvings, were found near was a form of r ommum- ins.Suchimagestanta read their meaning. Plwtw wurtny, of IM Bureau at Food Mona m(above), coacMlla Valley Arcbaedogkal Sadely(light eh, babel. i I j l Rock houses There is no mystery m be found at this she in the Santa Rosa Mountains. These ruins were home to Cahuilla Irch ans in the 1860s. They moved into Vie area to avoid small- pox ace, measles epidemics. The story comes to us through written accounts and oral history. Pottery This pat and bowl are from the Richard Milanovich col- lections and date from the early part of the century. Shards of such pottery can be found throughout the region. Prato cwneey 0the Bureau of IUM Manegemenl Archaeologists study things male by man - pottery and tools - and things used b)man - bones of eaten animals, traces of plants and charcoal from fire. Archaeologists do much of thdrwork in the field, dig ging for artifacts, and Ia the lab analyzing them. c%. Here are speakers scheduled for Saturday and their topics: Matt Hail, Fill Paul Chaco, Ph.D. Archaeological Research Paul Chace and Associ Unit ales University of California, The Stonehenge Riveted. of La Quints Research center projects Jay Yon Werlhaf Don Laylander Imperial Valley College Calabria Archaeologist, Fish traps Bishop Carl Cahprehistoric Oerrft Fenwkp, Ph.D. chronology California State Unionist, ty, San Bernardino Drew Palki Colorado Desert rock art Senior Field Director Harry Quinn ASM Affiliates, Environmental and gee San Diego Toro Carryonroshelters tis consultant ock Integrating Coachella Jerry Schaefer, li Valley geology and Senior Archaeologist archaeology ASM Affiliates, Panelists: Mike San Diego Mitchell, Bureau of Land Canalladayareasilxleppes Management archaeelo Philip Wilke, Phil gist university of California, Steve McWilliams, Col - Riverside lege of the Desert Salton Basin fishwars instructor Anne Duffield Stoll, Broee Lave, Phi University of La Verne CRM Tech instructor. Coachella Valley Archaic Period sites a Rah trap Archaeological experts don't know the exact use of this weir. It is one of I dozens located on the northwestern shore of the Salton Sea. Path, M all vilow./s0> lam to no peon sun M