1999 03 18 HPC/ T
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
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The Regularly Meeting to be held in the Session Room at the
La Quinta City Hall, 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, California
March 18, 1999
3:30 P.M.
I. CALL TO ORDER
A. Pledge of Allegiance
B. Roll Call
II. PUBLIC COMMENT
This is the time set aside for citizens to address the Historical Preservation Commission on
matters relating to historic resources within the City of La Quinta which are not .Agenda items.
When addressing the Historical Commission, please state your name and address and when
discussing matters pertaining to prehistoric sites, do not disclose the exact location of the site(s)
for their protection.
III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA
IV. CONSENT CALENDAR:
A. Approval of the regular Minutes for the meeting of February 18, 1999
V. BUSINESS ITEMS:
A. Environmental Assessment 98-375; Archaeological and Paleontological Assessments of
Specific Plan 98-034 and Parcel Map 29052, a 111,000 square foot commercial center
on 12.5 acres at the northwest corner of Jefferson Street and Avenue 50 for Lundin
Development Company, by CRM Tech.
B. Environmental Assessment 98-378; Cultural Resource Survey for the Jefferson Street
Improvements between Avenue 54 and Indio Boulevard for the City of La Quinta by L
& L Environmental, Inc., and RMW Paleo Associates, Inc.
C. Professional Archaeological Consultant Qualifications
VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL:
VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS
VIII. ADJOURNMENT
UUJ.
HPC/AGENDA
MINUTES
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION MEETING
A regular meeting held at the La Quinta City Hall Session Room
78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, CA
FEBRUARY 18, 1999
This meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission was called to order by Acting Chairman,
Robert Wright at 3:34 p.m. who led the flag salute and asked for the roll call.
I. CALL TO ORDER
A. Pledge of Allegiance.
B. Roll Call:
Present: Commissioners Irwin, Mitchell, Vossler, and Acting Chairman
Wright.
Absent: It was moved and seconded by Commissioners Wright/Vossler to
excuse Commissioner Puente. Unanimously approved.
Staff Present: Community Development Director Jerry Herman, Planning Manager
Christine di Iorio, Principal Planner Stan Sawa, and (Secretary
Carolyn Walker.
II. PUBLIC COMMENT: None
III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA:
A. It was moved and seconded by Commissioners Vossler/Irwin to add Election of
Officers to the Agenda. Unanimously approved.
B. It was moved and seconded by Commissioners Irwin/Vossler to add Staffing to the
Agenda. Unanimously approved.
IV. ELECTION OF OFFICERS
A. Acting Chairman Wright opened the nominations for Chairman. It was moved and
seconded by Commissioners Irwin/Vossler to nominate Robert Wright as Chairman.
There being no further nominations, nominations were closed and Robert Wright was
unanimously elected as Chairman.
B. Chairman Wright opened the nominations for Vice Chairman. It was moved and
seconded by Commissioners Irwin/Wright to nominate Maria Puente as Vice
Chairman. There being no further nominations, nominations were closed and Mane
Puente was unanimously elected as Vice Chairman. I U J ,I
PACAR0LYN\HPC2-I8-99.wpd -I-
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
February 18, 1999
IV. CONSENT CALENDAR:
A. Commissioner Irwin had a question regarding exclusion of an item in the January
20" minutes regarding a letter the Commission requested be written to Dr. Bruce
Love commending him on his archaeological reports received at that meeting. Staff
directed the minutes be changed as follows:
Page 2, Item #7 add the sentence: "Commissioners directed staff to draft and
send a letter of commendation to Bruce Love complimenting; him on the
quality of his reports."
There being no further corrections, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners
Irwin/Wright to approve the Minutes of January 20, 1999, as amended. Unanimously
approved.
V. BUSINESS ITEMS
Commissioner Irwin questioned the change in staffing. Her concern was that
staff changes were made because of the Commission's action at the last
Council meeting.
2. Community Development Director Jerry Herman explained that in order to
allow all staff members to broaden their experience in different aspects of
planning, Mr. Sawa would be replacing Leslie Mouriquand as staff person for
the Commission.
3. Commissioner Irwin stated she thought the City would want the most
qualified personnel to serve as staff for the Commission.
4. Community Development Director Jerry Herman reiterated that staff
assignments are made to benefit the Department and increase the experience
of each of the planners. It is the decision of this Department that other
planners need to gain experience. The Commission is comprised of
professional and nonprofessional members of the community who have
historical and archaeological expertise. Discussion followed regarding how
staffing assignments were made.
5. Commissioners requested this decision be re-evaluated. Community
Development Director Jerry Herman indicated he would re-evaluate the
decision regarding staffing.
PACAR0LYN\HPC2-18-99.wpd -2-1 U 0 J
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
February 18, 1999
1. Principal Planner Stan Sawa presented the staff report, a copy of which is on
file in the Community Development Department.
2. Commissioner Mitchell corrected the last sentence of the first paragraph that
states the monitoring mitigated the impacts of these resources. The sentence
should read that it was as a result of the monitoring the artifacts were mapped
and recovered. Recovery is what mitigates these, not the monitoring.
3. There being no further comments, it was moved and seconded by
Commissioners Irwin/Mitchell to adopt Minute Motion 99-008 approving the
report as corrected. Unanimously approved.
1. Planning Manager Christine di Iorio presented the staff report, a copy of
which is on file in the Community Development Department. She then asked
for comments from the Commissioners before finalization of this draft.
2. Commissioner Irwin asked if the application she submitted to the City
Council, to serve on the Commission, would be adequate. Staff replied in the
affirmative.
3. Commissioner Mitchell had some comments on the installation of new air
conditioning systems for the Casitas, within the La Quinta Hotel Resort, and
whether that would affect their eligibility for the National Register.
4. Planning Manager di Iorio replied that the Casitas are potentially eligible for
listing on the National Register. She then gave him a brief summary of the
steps that had been taken to assure retention of the historic integrity of these
buildings even though they were being modernized.
5. There being no further comments, it was moved and seconded by
Commissioners Irwin/Wright to approve Minute Motion 99-009 ,accepting
the report as submitted. Unanimously approved.
VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL
A. Planning Manager Christine di Iorio went over the various items submitted to the
Commission which included tours available through the National Trust, some articles
from the Society for American Archaeology, and an article regarding; Jay von
Werlhof and his recent contribution to archaeology.
PACAROLYN\HPC2-18-99.wpd -3- i, lj 4
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
February 18, 1999
VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS:
A. Chairman Wright then introduced the new Commissioners Judy Vossler and Mike
Mitchell and welcomed them to the Commission.
B. Commissioner Irwin talked about the video "The Story of La Quinta" and its
reference to Missions in the area. She felt contributions for the video came from Mr.
Wilke and other historians when they put together the information for the video.
Commissioner Irwin offered to contact Fred Rice to see where the information might
have been obtained.
C. Chairman Wright thanked Community Development Director Jerry Herman and
Principal Planner Stan Sawa for attending the meeting.
D. Chairman Wright also relayed a news story about the "Stonehenge of Florida".
E. Commissioner Irwin informed the Commissioners about tours that were to be
conducted in La Quinta. She had contacted Ms. Louise Neeley to do a tour of Point
Happy Ranch as Ms. Neeley was born and raised there and would be able to give a
more accurate historic perspective on Point Happy Ranch. After general discussion,
it was decided the tour of Point Happy Ranch would be conducted on March 29' at
3:30 p.m. with Commissioner Irwin coordinating with Ms. Louise Neeley and staff
obtaining approval from the property owner.
F. Commissioners discussed visiting some un-surveyed sites to gain a perspective on
surface observation work that is done for the Phase I archaeological study.
Discussion of possible sites followed with the possibility of the Commissioners
visiting the property at the northwest corner of Washington Street and ]Highway 111,
given the property owner's approval, or a City -owned park site.
VIII. ADJOURNMENT
There being no further business, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Vossler/Irwin to
adjourn this meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission to the next scheduled meeting of the
Historical Preservation Commission on March 18, 1999. This meeting of the Historical Preservation
Commission was adjourned at 4:15 p.m. February 18, 1999. Unanimously approved.
Submitted by:
Carol alker
yn
Secretary
U U 'j
PACAR0L1i\HPC2-18-99.wpd -4-
BI #A
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
DATE: MARCH 18, 1999
ITEM: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 98-375:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
OF SPECIFIC PLAN 98-034 AND PARCEL MAP 29052
LOCATION:
APPLICANT:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONSULTANT:
PALEONTOLOGICAL
CONSULTANT:
BACKGROUND:
NORTHWEST CORNER OF JEFFERSON STREET AND
AVENUE 50
LUNDIN DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
CRM TECH (BRUCE LOVE, PRINCIPAL)
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT PROGRAM-
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM
An Initial Study for a Negative Declaration has been prepared pursuant to the California
Environmental Quality Act requirements for a proposed Specific Plan and Parcel Map
to allow an 111,000 square foot commercial center.
As a part of the Environmental Assessment, cultural resource and paleointologicl
studies have been submitted. The studies were prepared at the request of the
applicant.
DISCUSSION:
The Phase 1 cultural resource or archaeological report includes a records search and
site survey for the 12.5 acre commercial center and 33 acres surrounding the site to
the north and west, and is also owned by the applicant. This 33 acres is also zoned
commercial, but proposed to be rezoned to low density residential to allow a
subdivision in the near future. An interim Phase 2 (testing and evaluation) report has
been submitted for the commercial center site only. The report concludes that none
of the three archaeological sites identified within the project area meets CEQA criteria
for historical resources or important archaeological resources, and therefore, the
proposed project will have no effect on known cultural resources. Monitoring of the
modified mesquite mound near Avenue 50 is recommended during grading and other
earth -moving activities due to the fact that there is a potential for buried resources to
be exposed. 000
C:hpc rpt jeff st widen n.d.
The paleontological study states the site is located in an area that was under the
shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla. Highly significant fossil remains have been
recovered from sites in the vicinity of the project. As such, this project site has high
potential to contain significant nonrenewable paleontologic resources. Therefore, a
qualified paleontologic monitor is needed for excavation of the entire commercial site.
RECOMMENDATION:
Adopt Minute Motion 99 , accepting :
1.) The cultural resources report titled, "Tentative Parcel Maps 29052 and 29053",
as prepared by CRM TECH, and;
2.) The interim cultural resources report titled, "Testing and Evaluation of CA-RIV-
6147. -6148, and -6149, as prepared by CRM TECH, and;
3.) The paleontologic assessment titled, "Paleontologic Assessment Tentative
Parcel Map# 29052 (Commercial) and Tentative Tract 29053 (Residential),
for Environmental Assessment 98-375, in partial compliance with the requirements of
the California Environmental Quality Act.
Attachments:
1 . Two confidential Cultural Resource Reports (Commissioners only)
2. Confidential Paleontologic Report (Commissioners only)
Prepared by: Submitted By:
Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner
Christine di lorio, PI Wing Manager
C:hpc rpt jeff st widen n.d.
Qvq
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT IS
CONFIDENTIAL, NOT FOR PUBLIC
DISTRIBUTION
rya
CITY .i.1iIVT
PLl I iR f'• % 13E?ARTM,ENT
PALEONTOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
TENTATIVE PARCEL MAP # 29052 (COMMERCIAL)
AND TENTATIVE TRACT # 29053 (RESIDENTIAL,)
CITY OF LA QUINTA
RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared by:
PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCE ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
San Bernardino County Museum
2024 Orange Tree Lane
Redlands, California 92374
Prepared for:
LUNDIN DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
16400 Pacific Coast Highway, Suite #207
Huntington Beach, California 92649
November 1998
(revised February 1999)
Confidential - Not for Public Distribution
D 0 41
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY—�
AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Y`J i COUNTY OF SERVICES
OERGROUP O
1 <�':"*—� i PUBLIC SERVICES GROUP
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM ' '// PAUL J. OLES
2024 Orange Tree Lane • Redlands, CA 92374 • (909) 307-2669 Museums Director
Fax (909) 307-0539
PALEONTOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
TENTATIVE PARCEL MAP #29052 (COMMERCIAL) AND
TENTATIVE TRACT #29053 (RESIDENTIAL)
CITY OF LA QUINTA, RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA
Introduction
The Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program of the Section of Paleontology, San Bernardino
County Museum (SBCM) has conducted a search of the pertinent literature, a review of the
Regional Paleontologic Locality Inventory (RPLI), and a field survey for the above -named
property in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The proposed property 'is located
in eastern Indio, at the northwest corner of the intersection of Jefferson Street and :50th Avenue.
Specifically, the property is located within the southeastern quadrant of section 32, Township 5
South, Range 7 East, San Bernardino Base and Meridian, as shown on the La Quinta, CA 7.5'
U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangle map (1959 edition).
Background
The City of La Quinta lies along the southern margin of the Salton Trough, a northward extension
of the Gulf of California (McKibben 1993). The Salton Trough lies below sea level, and is an
active continental rift underlain by the landward extension of the East Pacific Rise; it is surrounded
on three sides by mountains and bounded to the southeast by the Colorado River delta. Since the
beginning of the Holocene Epoch [ t 11,000 years before present (ybp)], the Colorado River delta
has blocked marine water from entering the Salton Trough from the Gulf of California.
Freshwater lakes have existed intermittently in the deeper parts of the basin that developed
landward of the Colorado River delta (Van de Kamp 1973; Waters 1983; Maloney 1986).
Previous geologic mapping of the area by Rogers (1965) indicates that Tentative Parcel Map
#29052 and Tentative Tract #29053 are located in part upon Quaternary lake sediments deposited
below the 12-meter high shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, which is thought to have existed
intermittently from 470 ybp to at least f 6,000 ybp (Van de Kamp 1973; Waters 1983; Whistler
and others 1995). Dune sands are also mapped as present within the boundaries of the property
(Rogers 1965). The lacustrine sediments in this area were deposited during each of at least seven
high stands of Lake Cahuilla, each high stand resulting from flooding of the Salton Trough by
inflow from the Colorado River (Waters 1983). Fluvial sediments in the area were laid down
during intervening lake low stands when the lake bed was dry. These alternating lacustrine and
fluvial sediments, termed herein the Lake Cahuilla beds, have previously yielded fossil remains
representing diverse freshwater diatoms, land plants, sponges, ostracods, molluscs, l;ish, and small
terrestrial vertebrates. As a result, the Lake Cahuilla beds have high potential to contain non-
renewable fossil resources that are subject to adverse impact from development -related excavation.
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PALEONTOLOGIC a
RESOURCE
ASSESSMENT San BOO County Museum
NORTH
PROGRAM
FIGURE 1
Locality Map, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053
(La Quinta, CA 7.5' U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle, 1959)
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053
La Quints, Riverside County, California (rev.)
A review of the Regional Paleontologic Locality Inventory (RPLI) and additional pertinent
paleontologic literature was conducted by the staff of the Section of Paleontology, SBC:M. The
results of this review indicate that no paleontologic localities are recorded from within the
boundaries of Tentative Parcel Map #29052 and Tentative Tract #29053. However, paleontologic
resource localities that have produced fossils from sediment lithologies similar to those within the
boundaries of the proposed project property are located within approximately 11/2 miles due south
of the property, in the La Quinta region (Whistler and others, 1995). These five sampling sites
have yielded diatoms, land plants, sponges, molluscs, ostracods, bony fish, reptiles, birds and
small mammals (Whistler and others 1995). The lowest stratigraphic unit in thus region was
radiometrically dated to 5,890 ± 60 ybp, which indicated a high stand of ancient Lake Cahuilla
older than any described previously.
Methods
A field survey of the excavation site and the surrounding area was conducted on 20 October 1998
by Quintin Lake, Museum Technician of the Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program under
the direction of Kathleen B. Springer, Project Manager and Eric Scott, Field Supervisor. All of
these individuals have previous experience in paleontologic field assessment and salvage in
Riverside County and the Indio/La Quinta area.
The field survey portion of the assessment was conducted on foot. Sedimentary exposures present
within the boundaries of the property were examined to determine the nature of the sediments
present at the surface as well as at depth. Visibility was good throughout the study area.
Results
Review of the pertinent geologic and paleontologic literature suggests the presence within the area
of potential effect of Holocene lacustrine sediments of ancient Lake Cahuilla. These sediments
have a demonstrated high potential to contain significant nonrenewable paleontologic resources
subject to adverse impact by development -related excavation. The review of the RPLI indicated
that highly significant fossil remains have been recovered from the near vicinity of the project
property, reinforcing the interpretation of high paleontologic sensitivity at depth. The recovery
of additional remains at depth, in a reliable stratigraphic context, would therefore have very high
paleontologic significance.
The field survey confirmed the presence of disturbed micaceous lacustrine sediments of ancient
Lake Cahuilla exposed at the surface in the southeastern quadrant of the property (Tentative Parcel
Map #29052, the proposed Lucky Supermarket development site). These sediments consisted of
grey -green clays and silts which were observed during the survey to contain fossil. molluscs and
gastropods. These sediments closely resemble described lithologies of the lacustrine component
of the Lake Cahuilla beds, and therefore have high potential to contain significant nonrenewable
paleontologic resources.
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 3
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
Elsewhere within the boundaries of Tentative Tract #29053, sediments observed during the field
survey consisted primarily of dune sands. These sediments overlie lacustrine sediments of ancient
Lake Cahuilla. The dune sands are in and of themselves not fossiliferous, and therefore are herein
considered to have low potential to contain nonrenewable paleontologic resources. However,
since these dune sands overlie fossiliferous lacustrine sediments, excavation at depth in this area
is also likely to adversely impact fossil recourses.
Fossil molluscs and gastropods observed during the field survey were not in situ, and therefore
were not collected for curation into a permanent retrievable repository. Samples of these exposed
remains were returned to the SBCM to determine their fossil status; given the extensive presence
of archaeologic resources (= artifacts) within the boundaries of Tentative Tract #29053,
particularly in the southwestern quadrant of the property, it was conceivable that the observed
molluscs were artifactual in origin. However, no evidence of processing or use is evident on these
remains, which emphasizes their fossil status. No vertebrate fossils were observed or recovered
during the field survey.
Significance of Paleontologic Resources
Paleontology is a biologic and geologic scientific discipline involving the study of fossils. Despite
the tremendous volume of sedimentary rock deposits preserved world-wide, and the enormous
number of organisms that have lived through time, preservation of plant or animal remains as
fossils is an extremely rare occurrence. Because of the infrequency of fossil preservation, fossils
are considered to be nonrenewable resources. Because of their rarity, and because of the scientific
information they provide, fossils can be highly significant records of ancient life. 'They can
provide information about the interrelationships of living organisms, their ancestry, their
development and change through time, and their former distribution. Progressive morphologic
changes observed in fossil lineages may provide critical information on the evolutionary process
itself --that is, the ways in which new species arise and adapt to changing environmental
circumstances. Fossils can also serve as important guides to the ages of the rocks and sediments
in which they are contained, and may prove useful in determining the temporal relationships of
rock deposits from one area to another and the timing of geologic events. Time scales established
by fossils provide chronologic frameworks for geologic studies of all kinds.
Fossils are considered to be of significant scientific interest if one or more of the following
guidelines apply:
1. The fossils provide data on the evolutionary relationships and developmental trends
among organisms, both living and extinct;
2. The fossils provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the rock unit or
sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the; depositional
history of the region and the timing of geologic events therein;
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 4 PRAP
La Quints, Riverside County, California (rev.)
01d
3. The fossils provide data regarding the development of biological communities or
interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas;
4. The fossils demonstrate unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life;
5. The fossils are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by
the elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other
geographic locations.
As so defined, significant paleontologic resources are determined to be fossils or assemblages of
fossils which are unique, unusual, rare, uncommon, diagnostically or stratigraphically important,
and/or those which add to an existing body of knowledge in specific areas--stratigraphically,
taxonomically, and/or regionally. They can include fossil remains of large to very small aquatic
and terrestrial vertebrates, remains of plants and animals previously not represented in certain
portions of the stratigraphy, and fossils that might aid stratigraphic correlations, particularly those
offering data for the interpretation of tectonic events, geo-morphologic evolution,
paleoclimatology, and the relationships of aquatic and terrestrial species.
Determinations of the significance of paleontologic resources can only be made by qualified,
trained paleontologists familiar with the fossils under consideration. Such determinations are best
advanced in the light of a well -conceived and thoroughly -defined research design. With an
efficient sampling program based upon such a research design in effect, the ability of the
paleontologists to recognize, recover and preserve significant paleontologic resources is greatly
enhanced.
The guidelines for significance identified above all have in common one basic assumption: that the
fossils in question have been identified to a reasonably precise level, preferably to the generic or
the specific level. All identi able paleontologic resources are always potentially signijzcant. In
general, fossils are not considered to be significant unless they can be identified with some degree
of precision. It is of course true that there are exceptions to this rule; unidentifiable bones or bone
fragments, for example, can be of great significance when recovered from a sedimentary unit or
formation which previously had not yielded fossils, or from an area with no history of
paleontologic sensitivity. However, questions of evolutionary relationships, age of the deposit,
and so forth --those questions which are generally employed to determine the significance of a
paleontologic resource --cannot be reasonably addressed until the fossils under study have been
identified to a relatively precise degree. Viewed in this light, unidentifiable fossils or fossil
fragments can be seen to have limited scientific significance.
In the context of paleontologic mitigation, academically -driven research designs wherein every
bone and/or bone fragment is collected and analyzed are not feasible. Destruction of at least some
paleontologic resources is an unavoidable consequence of development -related excavation.
Clearly, then, the goal of the paleontologists(s) in this context is not to eliminate impacts to fossil
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 5 PRAP
is Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
014
resources, but rather to mitigate such impacts by collecting a representative sample: of the entire
potential assemblage. In such cases, unidentifiable bones or bone fragments are not considered
to be potentially significant in terms of the significance criteria presented above, since there is
little chance of ever supplementing these specimens with their missing portions or advancing more
detailed identifications at some future date. Further, isolated fragments cannot be placed in a
sufficiently -detailed three-dimensional context with their missing portions to enable taphonomic
data to be advanced with any reliability.
For these reasons, nondiagnostic bones or unidentifiable bone fragments of extinct animals from
areas of known high paleontologic sensitivity are herein considered to be scientifically significant
only in a limited sense. In general, where exposed such elements will be employed by field
monitors as indicating sediments or horizons which demonstrably contain fossil resources; these
areas may be examined and test -sampled to determine the presence of more complete --and
therefore more significant --paleontologic resources. Generally, however, nondiagnostic bones or
unidentifiable bone fragments will normally not be collected. The omission of non -significant
unidentifiable bones and bone fragments from the collection strategy is not perceived as a
damaging bias in the sampling strategy. Rather, the recovery of generically or specifically
identifiable fossil remains (that is, fossils which can be identified to the genus or species level)
from the study area is most likely to provide scientifically significant data to paleontologists.
Microfossils are an exception to this provision. These elements --generally not visible to the naked
eye in the field --are obtained through recovery of bulk samples of fossiliferous sediments which
are washed and processed in the laboratory. Although some unidentifiable microfossil. remains
are an unavoidable circumstance of this collection procedure, many fossils recovered in this
manner are readily identifiable.
Since all identifiable paleontologic resources are always potentially significant, the question of
determining potential significance thus becomes one of where the identifications of the resource(s)
are made --in the field, before physical recovery of the resource, or in the laboratory subsequent
to recovery and preparation. In some rare cases, accurate identifications of distinctive fossil
elements to the genus or species level --and subsequent determinations of significance --are possible
in the field, particularly when the skeletal elements in question are relatively complete,
undistorted, well -exposed and undamaged by excavation equipment. In most cases, However,
accurate genus- or species -level identifications of megafaunal remains are not possible in the field
for the following reasons: 1.) the resource(s) are generally not sufficiently well --exposed and
visible to permit accurate field identification; 2.) the resource(s) have generally suffered damage
from scraper or other excavation equipment, which makes field identification(s) much more
difficult; 3.) many bones of comparably -sized animals (for example, limb bones and vertebrae of
camels, bison and horses) are very similar in overall appearance, and are difficult to discriminate
without the aid of a well -provisioned comparative osteological collection; and 4.) in the context
of an excavation that is proceeding according to a defined schedule, precise identification is neither
efficient nor cost effective. Microfaunal remains offer an additional challenge, as these elements
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 6 PRAP
La Quints, Riverside County, California (rev.)
075
are generally not visible to the naked eye in the field; rather, they are recovered in the laboratory
through processing of bulk samples of fossiliferous sediments.
Given the above, paleontologic field monitors are primarily trained and responsible; for the
collection of resources which are diagnostic --that is, resources which exhibit distinctive features
such as articular surfaces, bony spines, or prominent bony ridges which will enable detailed
identifications to be made later, in the laboratory. Resources which do not appear to be potentially
diagnostic in this manner are generally not collected, although their presence in the field may be
recorded in field notes. Any of the fossil resources which appear in the field to be diagnostic are
potentially significant in that they could provide data crucial to resolving one or more of the
research questions outlined in the following pages. Since this significance in most cases cannot
be accurately (or cost-effectively) determined prior to recovery of the resource(s), it is most
reasonable and efficient to recover all diagnostic or potentially -diagnostic resources as they are
exposed with the aim that these resources will, utilizing various techniques, be later demonstrated
to be scientifically significant.
The above discussion leads to the evident inference that an overall upper limit on the number of
fossils to be recovered during paleontologic monitoring of excavation for T.P.M. #29,052 and T.T.
#29053 cannot beset a priori. The number of scientifically -significant fossils present in any given
fossil assemblage simply cannot be determined in advance of excavation. However, by
concentrating upon the retrieval of exclusively diagnostic resources as excavation proceeds, the
chances of recovering fossils of little or no significance are virtually eliminated.
This approach is by no means expected to "oversample" the paleontologic resources present within
the boundaries of the project property. Quite the contrary; despite the presumed presence of
fossils in the subsurface of the property, it is not unlikely than only a small fraction of these fossils
will be exposed by excavation and subsequently realized in the data sample through mitigation
efforts. However, it is not the goal of the paleontologic mitigation program to collect every fossil
present in the subsurface. Nor is it the goal of the paleontologists to collect as many fossils as
possible, regardless of their diagnosticity and their significance. Rather, the focus of the
paleontologic mitigation program is to generate a representative sample of the entire potential
assemblage. By concentrating upon the recovery of diagnostic fossil remains, a sample of fossils
and associated contextual data is expected to be recovered which will accurately reflect the
abundance, diversity, and character of the living population of animals which once inhabited the
study area. In this manner, State legal obligations requiring mitigation of adverse impacts to fossil
resources caused by excavation (CEQA) will be effectively fulfilled.
Recommendations
Excavation in conjunction with development has a high potential to adversely impact significant
nonrenewable paleontologic resources present at depth within the boundaries of Tentative Parcel
Map #29052 and Tentative Tract #29053. This paleontologic sensitivity is particularly high in the
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 % PPUP
IA Quinta, Riverside Cowry, California (rev.)
016
southeastern quadrant of the property (Tentative Parcel Map #29052, the site of the proposed
Lucky Supermarket development), where paleontologically-sensitive sediments are exposed at the
surface. For this reason, a qualified vertebrate paleontologist must develop a program to mitigate
impacts to nonrenewable paleontologic resources exposed or unearthed during all such excavation.
This mitigation program should be consistent with the provisions of the California Environmental
Quality Act, as well as with regulations currently implemented by the County of Riverside and the
proposed guidelines of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. This program should include, but
not be limited to:
Monitoring of excavation in areas identified as likely to contain paleontologic resources
by a qualified paleontologic monitor. Based upon the results of the survey, the
southeastern quadrant of the property (Tentative Parcel Map #29052, the Lucky
Supermarket site) will require a paleontologic monitor during all phases of excavation.
Other portions of Tentative Tract #29053 have fossil -bearing sediments only at depth; these
areas have high paleontologic sensitivity only in sediments t 4' below the surface.
Excavation in this area below this depth will therefore require a paleontologic monitor.
The monitor should be equipped to salvage fossils as they are unearthed to avoid
construction delays and to remove samples of sediments which are likely to contain the
remains of small fossil invertebrates and vertebrates. The monitor must be empowered to
temporarily halt or divert equipment to allow removal of abundant or large specimens.
2. Preparation of recovered specimens to a point of identification and permanent preservation,
including washing of sediments to recover small invertebrates and vertebrates.
3. Identification and curation of specimens into a museum repository with permanent
retrievable storage.
4. Preparation of a report of findings with an appended itemized inventory of specimens. The
report will include pertinent discussions of the significance of all recovered resources
where appropriate. The report and inventory, when submitted to the appropriate Lead
Agency, would signify completion of the program to mitigate impacts to paleontologic
resources.
References
Maloney, N.J., 1986. Coastal landforms of Holocene Lake Cahuilla, northeastern Salton Basin,
California. In P.D. Guptil, E.M. Gath and R.W. Ruff (eds.), Geology of the Imperial
Valley, California. South Coast Geological Society, Santa Ana, California 14: 151-158.
McKibben, M.A., 1993. The Salton Trough rift. In R.E. and J. Reynolds (eds.), Ashes, faults
and basins. San Bernardino County Museum Association Special Publication 934: 76-80.
Paleontologic Assessment. T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 8 PRAP
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
017
Rogers, T.H., 1965. Geologic map of California, Santa Ana sheet. California Division of Mines
and Geology. Scale 1:250,000.
Van de Kamp, P.C., 1973. Holocene continental sedimentation in the Salton Basin, California:
a reconnaissance. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84: 827-848.
Waters, M.R., 1983. Late Holocene lacustrine chronology and archaeology of ancient Lake
Cahuilla, California. Quaternary Research 19: 373-387.
Whistler, D.P., E.B. Lander and M.A. Roeder, 1995. A diverse record of microfossils and fossil
plants, invertebrates, and small vertebrates from the late Holocene Lake Cahuilla beds,
Riverside County, California. In P. Remeika and A. Stutz (eds.), Paleontology and
Geology of the Western Salton Trough Detachment, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park,
California, p. 109-118.
Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program
San Bernardino County Museum
11 February 1999
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 9 PPUP
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
APPENDIX A:
Resumes of Key Personnel
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 to
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
019
F974%
KATHLEEN B. SPRINGER
Senior Curator of Paleontology/Principal Investigator
Section of Paleontology, San Bernardino County Museum
EXPERTISE
Vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology of southem California and Nevada, geologic/palee ntologic
method and theory, paleontologic resource management, and morphometrics.
EDUCATION
Master of Science (1989) Geology: University of California, Riverside
Bachelor of Science (1985) Geology: University of California, Riverside
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
1990 - present Senior Curator of Paleontology/Project Manager/Principal Investigator,
Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program, Section of Paleontology, San
Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, California
1991 - 1996 Adjunct Instructor, Department of Geology, Chaffey Community College,
Claremont, California
1989 - 1990 Field Supervisor, Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program, Division of
Earth Sciences, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, California
1988 - 1989 Research Associate/Teaching Assistant, Earth Sciences Department,
University of California, Riverside, California
1987-1988 Associate Research Specialist, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Springer has an extensive background in both geology and paleontology. She has over fourteen
years' experience in geology and paleontology, with more than seven years experience in paleontogic
mitigation --as Field Supervisor, as Project Manager and presently as Senior Curator of Paleontology
and Principal Investigator for the paleontologic mitigation program at the San Bernardino County
Museum. She has directed both large- and small-scale sensitivity assessments and resource
mitigation programs in addition to developing resource management guidelines for County, State
and Federal agencies. Among the larger paleontologic resource management programs directed by
Ms. Springer are the Kern River Gas Transmission Pipeline, the Mojave Pipeline and the! Eastside
Reservoir. Ms. Springer has authored and co-authored numerous technical resource management
reports, and has published research articles in professional scientific journals. She holds
paleontologic collecting permits for use on public (= Bureau of Land Management) lands in Nevada
(N-48816) and California (CA-94-P-02).
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 11
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
020
KATHLEEN B. SPRINGER
Senior Curator of Paleontology/Principal Investigator
(continued)
SELECT PROJECT HISTORY
1993 - (2001) Eastside Reservoir Project, Hemet, Riverside County, California
1995 - 1997
State Route 58 Expansion, Barstow, San Bernardino County, California
1994 -1998
State Route 71 Expansion, Chino Hills, San Bernardino County, California
1994 - 1995
Mead - Adelanto Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, Nevada - California
1993-1994
Paleontology Legacy Project, Edwards Air Force Base, San Bernardino
County, California
1992 - 1993
Overton Power District 138 kV Transmission Line, Moapa Valley -
Mesquite, Clark County, Nevada
1991 -1994
Santa Gertrudis Creek Rechannelization, Temecula, Riverside: County,
California
1991 -1993
Clark County Flood Control Project, Mojave Desert, Clark County,
Nevada
1990 - 1993
Mojave Gas Transmission Pipeline, Mojave Desert, Arizona - California
1990 - 1992
Kern River Gas Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, Nevada - California
1990 - 1991
Kramer - Victor 220 kV Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, San
Bernardino County, California
PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS
1998 Springer, K.B., E. Scott, L.K. Murray and W.G. Spaulding. "Partial skeleton of a large
individual of Mammut americanum from the Domenigoni Valley, California."
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (supplement to #3) 18(3) (in press).
1997 Scott, E., K. Springer and L.K. Murray. "New records of early Pleistocene vertebrates
from the west -central Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California." Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology (supplement to #3) 17(3): 75-A.
1994 Springer, K. B. and E. Scott. "First record of late Pleistocene vertebrates from the
Domenigoni Valley, Riverside County, California." Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology (supplement to #3) 14(3): 47-A.
1994 Springer, K. B. and M. A. Murphy. "Punctuated stasis and collateral evolution in the
Devonian lineage of Monograptus hercynicus." Lethaia 27: 119-128.
1993 Woodburne, M.O., J.A. Case, M.S. Springer, J. Woodburne, K.B. Springerand J.D. Power.
"Biostratigraphy and paleontology of the Etadunna Formation, South Australia."
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(4): 483-515.
1989 Murphy, M. A., and K. B. Springer. "Morphometric study of the platform elements of
Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp. (Lower Devonian, Conodonts, Nevada)." Journal
of Paleontology 63(3): 349-355.
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 12 PRAP
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
021
ERIc ScoT-r
Paleontology Field Supervisor
Section of Paleontology. San Bernardino County Museum
EXPERTISE
Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate paleontology, Plio-Pleistocene biostratigraphy, equid and hominid
evolution, paleontologic resource management, and fossil preparation, identification and replication.
EDUCATION
Master of Arts (1990) Anthropology (Biological): University of California, Los Angeles
Bachelor of Arts (1985) Anthropology (Physical): California State University, Northridge
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
1991-present Paleontology Field Supervisor, Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program,
Section of Paleontology, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands,
California
1989 -1991 Paleontologic Field Technician, PaleoEnvironmental Associates, Inc., North
Hollywood and Costa Mesa, California
1987 - 1991 Chief Excavator/Pit 91 Supervisor, Rancho La Brea Project, George C. Page
Museum of La Brea Discoveries, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County, Los Angeles, California
1987 - 1988 Museum Technician, Vertebrate Paleontology Section, Natural History
Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
1985 - 1986 Paleontology Excavator, Rancho La Brea Project, George C. Page Museum
of La Brea Discoveries, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los
Angeles, California
TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS
Mr. Scott is a paleontologic resource management specialist with more than thirteen years'
professional experience in the recovery, preparation, curation and preservation of nonrenewable
paleontologic resources. Under the Senior Curator, he has coordinated, supervised and provided
support for field, laboratory, curatorial and technical writing activities for numerous paleontologic
resource assessment and impact mitigation programs. Mr. Scott has authored numerous technical
resource management reports, and in addition has published several paleontology research articles
in professional scientific journals. He currently holds membership in several professi.onall societies
including the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, the Western Association of Vertebrate
Paleontologists and the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 13 PRAP
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.) - 022
ERIC SCOTr
Paleontology Field Supervisor
Continued
SELECT PROJECT HISTORY
1993 - (2001) Eastside Reservoir Project, Hemet, Riverside County, California
1995 - 1997 State Route 58 Expansion, Barstow, San Bernardino County, California
1994 - 1998 State Route 71 Expansion, Chino Hills, San Bernardino County, California
1994 -1995 Mead - Adelanto Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, Nevada - California
1992 - 1993 Overton Power District 138 kV Transmission Line, Moapa. Valley -
Mesquite, Clark County, Nevada
1991 - 1994 Santa Gertrudis Creek Rechannelization, Temecula, Riverside County,
California
1991 - 1993 Clark County Flood Control Project, Mojave Desert, Clark County,
Nevada
1990 - 1993 Mojave Gas Transmission Pipeline, Mojave Desert, Arizona - California
1990 - 1992 Kern River Gas Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, Nevada - California
1990 - 1991 Kramer - Victor 220 kV Transmission Line, Mojave Desert, San
Bernardino County, California
PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS
1999 Scott, E. "Small horses from the `Ice Age' at Fort Irwin." Environmental Division, Directorate
of Public Works, Fort Irwin Natural and Cultural Resources Series No 2 (in press).
1998 Scott, E. "Equus sconi from southern California." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
(supplement to #3) 18(3):76A.
1998 Springer, K.B., E. Scott, L.K. Murray and W.G. Spaulding. "Partial skeleton of a large
individual of Mammut americanum from the Domenigom Valley, California." Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology (supplement to #3) 18(3): 79A.
1997 Scott, E. "A review of Equus conversidens in southern California, with a report on a second,
previously -unrecognized species of Pleistocene small horse from the Mojave Desert."
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (supplement to #3) 17(3): 75-A.
1997 Scott, E., K. Springer and L.K. Murray. "New records of early Pleistocene vertebrates from the
west -central Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California." Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology (supplement to #3) 17(3): 75-A.
1996 Scott, E. "The small horse from Valley Wells, San Bernardino County, California." .Punctuated
Chaos in the Northeastern Mojave Desert (R.E. and L Reynolds, eds.), San Bernardino
County Museum Association Quarterly 43(1,2): 85-89.
1996 A.F. Pajak III, E. Scott and C.J. Bell. "A review of the biostratigraphy of Pliocene and
Pleistocene sediments in the Elsinore Fault Zone, Riverside County, California."
PaleoBios 17 (2-4): 27-48.
1994 Springer, K.B. and E. Scott. "First record of late Pleistocene vertebrates from the Domenigomi
Valley, Riverside County, California." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (supplement
to #3) 14(3): 47-A.
1993 Scott, E. and S. M. Cox. "Arctodus simus (Cope, 1879) from Riverside County, California."
PaleoBios 15(2): 27-36.
1989 Scott, E. "Skeletal remains of Equus from the Page Museum Salvage, Rancho La Brea: a
preliminary report." Current Research in the Pleistocene 6: 78-81.
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 14 PRAP
La Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev,) '•.
QUINTIN LAKE
Senior Field Paleontologist
Section of Paleontology, San Bernardino County Museum
EXPERTISE
Paleontologic field monitoring and salvage, paleontologic and biological resource surveys, fossil
preparation, and fossil replication.
EDUCATION
Undergraduate studies, San Bernardino Valley College, San Bernardino, California
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
1988 - present Senior Field Paleontologist, Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program,
Section of Paleontology, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands,
California
1984 - 1988 Field Paleontologist, Paleontologic Resource Assessment Program„ Division
of Paleontology, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, California
1974-1984 Paleontologic Technician, San Bernardino County Museum Association, San
Bernardino County Museum, Bloomington and Redlands, California
1972 - 1981 Subcontract Archaeological Survey Assistant, United States Forest Service,
San Bernardino National Forest, San Bernardino, California
TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS
Mr. Lake has more than two decades of experience in paleontologic resource salvage, recovery, and
survey activities, as well as in the preservation of historic and prehistoric archaeological resources.
He is extremely familiar with all current paleontologic salvage and recovery techniques as well as
safety practices for construction -related excavation jobs with heavy equipment. Mr. Lake is familiar
with field mapping procedures, preliminary stratigraphic mapping, and efficient recovery of both
large resources and sediment samples containing small to microscopic paleontologic remains. He
is proficient in laboratory preparation of recovered fossils, and has provided assistance in a variety
of areas including locality plotting, specimen data recordation and fossil replication.
Paleontologic Assessment, T.P.M. #29052 and T.T. #29053 15
[a Quinta, Riverside County, California (rev.)
024
END OF CONFIDENTIAL REPORT
025
lu uEC 3J8
CiTYOFLA JLIiNIr',
PLANN DEPARTMENT
CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT
TENTATIVE PARCEL MAPS NO. 29052 & 29053
At Avenue 50 and Jefferson Street
City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California
Submitted to:
Herb Lundin
Lundin Development Co.
16400 Pacific Coast Hwy., Ste. 207
Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Submitted by:
Bruce Love, Principal
Bai "Tom" Tang, Historian
Harry M. Quinn, Field Director
CRM TECH
126 Barrett Road `10�
Riverside, CA 92507
December 14, 1998
CRM TECH Contract #348
APN 649-100-016
Approximate lyy 50 Acres
La Qumta, Calif., 7.5' Quadrangle
Section 32, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian
Sites CA-RIV-6144, -6146 to -6151
026
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Between October and December, 1998, CRM TECH performed a cultural
resources study on approximately 50 acres of undeveloped land in the City
of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. 'The study area consists of
what is currently APN 649-100-016, which is slated for subdivision and
development under Tentative Parcel Maps No. 29052 and 29053. It is
located on the northwestern corner of Jefferson Street and Avenue 50, in
the southeast quarter of Section 32, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base
Meridian, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5 quadrangle. The
study is a part of the environmental impact review process for the
proposed subdivision and development of the property, as required by the
City of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the project, in compliance
of the study
the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). purpose
is to provide the City with the necessary information and analysis to
determine whether the project would cause substantial adverse changes to
any historical resources that may exist in or around the study area, as
mandated by CEQA. In order to identify and evaluate such resources,
CRM TECH conducted a historical/archaeological resources records search,
a historical background review, and an intensive field survey of the study
area. During the course of the study, seven prehistoric (i.e., Native
American) archaeological sites were identified and recorded within the
study area, and subsequently designated CA-R[V-6144 and -6146 to -6151 in
the California Historical Resource Information System. Because their
significance could not be determined without further investigation, CRM
TECH recommends that an archaeological testing program be completed
on these sites, so as to determine the extent and nature of the
archaeological remains. Based on data collected during the testing
program, the seven sites in the study area can then be properly evaluated
as to their qualifications for the status of "historical resources" and
"important archaeological resources," as defined by CEQA.
0 2 -1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................
INTRODUCTION......................................................
SETTING......................................................................
Current Natural Setting ...............................
Cultural Setting ..............................................
METHODS...................................................................
RecordsSearch ................................................
Historical Research ........................................
FieldSurvey ....................................................
RESULTS AND FINDINGS ......................................
Records Search Results .................................
Historical Research Results .........................
Field Survey Results .....................................
DISCUSSION..............................................................
Definitions........................................................................
SiteEvaluation...............................................................
RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................
CONCLUSION.............................................................. I.............
REFERENCES.............................................................................
APPENDIX 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS .................
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
General vicinity of the study area.........................................................................I
Figure 2.
Location and configuration of the study area.....................................................2
Figure 3.
Rectangular -shaped mound...................................................................................4
Figure 4.
Old residential mound............................................................................................4
Figure 5.
Previous cultural resources surveys.....................................................................9
Figure 6.
The study area and vicinity in 1855-1856.............................................................10
Figure 7.
The study area and vicinity in 1901......................................................................10
Figure 8.
The study area and vicinity in 1941......................................................................10
Figure 9.
The study area and vicinity in 1954-1959.............................................................10
Figure 10.
Locations of archaeological sites in the study area..........................................12
Figure 11.
P of Site .................14
12.
gJ
Projectile ti ea point collected from Locus C of CA-RIV-6146...............
P �' .................14
Figure 13.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6147.........................................................................15
Figure 14.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6148.........................................................................16
Figure 15.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6149.........................................................................16
Figure 16.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6150.........................................................................17
Figure 17.
Typical sherd and fire -affected rock....................................................................17
Figure 18.
Fired clay and fish vertebrae.................................................................................18
Figure 19.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6151.........................................................................18
Figure 20.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6144.........................................................................19
029
iii
INTRODUCTION
Between October and December, 1998, at the request of Lundin Development Co., CRM
TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 50 acres of undeveloped
land in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Fig. 1). The study area
consists of what is currently APN 649-100-016, which is slated for subdivision and
development under Tentative Parcel Maps No. 29052 and 29053. It is located on the
northwestern corner of Jefferson Street and Avenue 50, in the southeast quarter of
Section 32, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta,
Calif., 7.5' quadrangle (Fig. 2). The study is a part of the environmental impact review
process for the proposed subdivision and development of the property, as required by
the City of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the project, in compliance with the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA; PRC §21000, et seq.).
CRM TECH performed the present study to provide the City of La Quinta with the
necessary information and analysis to determine whether the proposed project would
cause substantial adverse changes to any historical resources that may exist in or
around the study area, as mandated by CEQA. In order to identify and evaluate such
resources, CRM TECH conducted a historical/archaeological resources records search, a
historical background review, and an intensive field survey of the study area. The
following report is a complete account of the methods and results of the various
avenues of research, and the final conclusion of this study.
,.Ran Sr- 0 r
RA
CZ w Aaec u � t--,•—� J'
'77
.c
WiGIOcat10C1
aa1
MCsiR-.o
4 s `4�
s
i
'w3�'•,�T i1W'. >
'r�-`•yti •° 1� L, �orex axe t raQ Gs
uN es" ..,. �i T )a
'
Figure 1. General vicinity of the study area. (Based on USGS Santa Ana, Calif., 1:250,000 quadrangle
[USGS 19791)
•• C► 3 G�
1
Figure 2. Location and configuration of the study area. (Based on USGS La Quinta, Calif., 1:24,000
quadrangle [USGS 19801)
031
2
SETTING
Current Natural Setting
Situated in the western Coachella Valley, the study area and its environs are marked by
extremes in temperature and aridity. Temperatures in the area top 120 degrees in
summer, and dip to near freezing in winter. Average annual precipitation is less than
five inches. Elevations in the study area range around 40 feet above sea level.
The study area abuts open undeveloped acreage on the north, past developed and
undeveloped acreage on the west, Avenue 50 on the south, and Jefferson Street on the
east. The southern portion of the property has been leveled for planting and once
supported a series of citrus groves. The orchards occupied nearly the southern two-
thirds of the area. Water for the citrus groves was supplied by an on -site well that is
now used by the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) as a ground water
monitoring well. For descriptive purposes, the study area may be subdivided into four
portions: the southeastern and the southwestern portions, each containing about three -
tenths of the property, and the northwestern and the northeastern portions, each
containing approximately two -tenths of the property.
The southeastern portion of the study area has been previously leveled for a citrus
grove. It now supports a dense to scattered growth of brush and weeds. In many areas
the ground is still covered by scattered to locally concentrated citrus tree roots, limbs,
and twigs left behind when the orchard was removed. Near the south-central part of
this portion is a rectangular -shaped mound created by modifying an existing mesquite
dune (Fig. 3). This mound is adjacent to Avenue 50 and is accessed from the east and
west by dirt roads in the southeast and southwest corners. While there is a pile of
boulders on top, no indications of any past development were found on this mound.
The southwestern portion of the study area was nearly all leveled for a citrus grove. It
is about four feet higher than the southeastern portion, and is separated from it by a
north -south trending dirt road. One area of mesquite dune was left in the west -central
part of this portion. This portion also supports a dense to scattered growth of brush and
weeds. Like the adjacent southeastern portion, ground in this portion is often covered
by remains of the citrus grove. Many of the removed citrus trees appear to have been
dumped on the northwest portion of the property behind a tamarisk windbreak. This
windbreak runs east -west and separates the southwestern portion of the property from
the northwestern portion.
The northwest portion of the study area contains part of the tamarisk windbreak, an old
residential mound (Fig. 4), the dumping area for the citrus trees, and dumping areas of
more recent trash. The mound was created by modifying a mesquite dune. Evidence of
a past dwelling was found atop this mound. Also found here were the remains of a
drip irrigation system that once watered the plants around the residence. This mound
still supports five date palms and one native fan palm. Except for this mound, the
northwest portion is basically undeveloped. It is crossed by some old dirt roads and
3 032
Figure 3. Rectangular -shaped mound in the southeastern portion of the study area.
Figure 4. Old residential mound in the northwestern portion of the study area.
033
contains mesquite groves, a scattered growth of creosote bush, brush, and some grasses.
The CVWD groundwater monitoring well is located in a low area just north of the
mound. This well appears to have supplied water for the orchard, as well as for the
dwelling.
The northeastern portion of the study area is almost evenly divided between disturbed
and undeveloped land. A triangular -shaped wedge in the south and southwestern part
has been leveled for a citrus grove. This part supports a dense to scattered growth of
brush and weeds. However, it mostly lacks the covering of citrus tree remains found in
the other portions where orchards were removed. The northeast part of this portion
was graded to prevent sand from blowing onto Jefferson Street, and it also supports a
dense to scattered growth of brush and weeds. A sand ridge trends northwest -southeast
across the central part of this portion of the study area. The ridge is crossed by some dirt
roads, but is for the most part undisturbed. This area supports a growth of creosote
bush along with some other bushes and grasses.
Cultural Setting
The Coachella Valley is a historical center of Native American settlement, where a
large number of Indian villages and rancherias, occupied by the Desert Cahuilla people,
were observed in the mid -nineteenth century. The basic written sources on Desert
Cahuilla culture are Kroeber (1925), Strong (1929), and Bean (1978). The following
ethnographic discussion of the Cahuilla people is based on these sources.
The Cahuilla people are generally divided, by anthropologists, into three groups,
according to their geographic setting: the Pass Cahuilla in the Banning -Beaumont area,
the Mountain Cahuilla in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains and the Cahuilla
Valley, and the Desert Cahuilla in the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla did not have a
single name that referred to an all-inclusive tribal affiliation. Instead, membership was
in terms of lineages or clans that were in turn grouped within the two main divisions
of the people. Members of clans in one division, or moiety, had to marry into clans
from the other division. Individual clans had villages, or central places, and territories
they called their own. These were lands they considered theirs for purposes of hunting
game, gathering food, or utilizing other necessary resources. They interacted with other
clans in the forms of trade, intermarriage, and ceremonies.
Native lifeways in centuries past was greatly influenced by the comings and goings of
Ancient Lake Cahuilla, whose last drying up period began around AD 1650. During its
peak years before that, the northern shore of the lake reached the present-day 42-foot
elevation contour line, which runs across the study area. Located thus directly on the
ancient lake shore, the study area undoubtedly presented an ideal location for early
occupants of the Coachella Valley to exploit fish and other food resources from this
now -vanished fresh -water lake.
Population data prior to European contact are almost impossible to obtain, but
estimates range from 3,600 to as high as 10,000 persons. During the 19th century,
5 034
however, the Cahuilla population was decimated as a result of European diseases, most
notably smallpox, for which the Native peoples had no immunity. Today, Native
Americans of Desert Cahuilla heritage are mostly affiliated with one or more of the
Indian reservations in the Coachella Valley, including Cabazon, Torres Martinez, Agua
Caliente, Morongo, and Augustine. Members of these reservations are highly
conscious of the archaeological remains of their past, and have great concern when
earth -moving activities disturb cultural remains. Although only a few elders can
remember the old ways or speak the Cahuilla language, there appears to be a
revitalization trend among many tribal members.
Non -Indian settlement in the Coachella Valley began in the 1880s, after the public land
was opened for claims under the Homestead Act, the Desert Land Act, and other federal
land laws. But due to the lack of an adequate and reliable water supply, agricultural
development in the and region was greatly handicapped until the completion of the
Coachella Canal in 1948-1949. The main agricultural staple in the Coachella Valley, the
date palm, was first introduced around the turn of the century. By the late 1910s, the
date palm industry had firmly established itself, giving the region its celebrated image
of "the Arabia of America." Starting in the 1920s, a new industry, featuring resort
hotels and golf courses, gradually spread throughout the Coachella Valley, and since
then transformed it into Southern California's leading winter retreat.
In present-day City of La Quinta, the earliest settlement and land development
activities did not occur until the turn of the century. In 1926, with the construction of
the La Quinta Hotel, the development of La Quinta took on the character of a winter
resort town, typical of the desert communities along Highway 111. Starting in the early
1930s, the subdivision of the cove area of La Quinta and the marketing of 'weekend
homes" further emphasized this new direction of development. On May 1, 1982, La
Quinta was incorporated as the nineteenth city in Riverside County.
METHODS
The following sections outline the methods and procedures used during this study.
Records Search
The records search was conducted by CRM TECH historian Bai "Tom" Tang (see App. 1
for qualifications) at the Eastern Information Center (EIC) prior to the commencement
of field work. The EIC, located at the University of California, Riverside, is the State of
California's official cultural resource records repository for the County of Riverside,
and a part of the California Historical Resource Information System established and
maintained under the auspices of the California Office of Historic Preservation. During
the records search, Tang examined maps and records on file at the EIC for previously
identified cultural resources inside or within a one -mile radius of the study area, and
existing cultural resources reports pertaining to the vicinity. Previously 'identified
cultural resources include properties designated as California Historical Landmarks,
6 1.. 1 035
Points of Historical Interest, of Riverside County Landmarks, as well as those listed in
the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources,
or the California Historical Resource Information System.
Historical Research
Bai "Tom" Tang conducted the historical background research for this study on the
basis of published literature in local and regional history, archival records of the U.S.
Bureau of Land Management and the County of Riverside, and historic maps collected
at the Science Library of the University of California, Riverside. Among maps
consulted for this study are the U.S. General Land Office's (GLO) township plat maps
dating to 1856, and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) topographic maps dating to
1904, 1941, and 1959.
Field Survey
On October 26, 1998, Harry M. Quinn, project archaeologist and field director, carried
out the intensive field survey of the study area with a crew of three members, Landon
T. Duro, Isaac Mirelez, and Gary W. Resvaloso, (see App. 1 for qualifications). During
the survey, the team spread out in a line, generally at 10-meter (33-feet) intervals --
sometimes closer depending on the area's sensitivity but never farther apart than 10
meters. The team crossed back and forth over the property, usually in east -west
transects, moving ahead to the next unsurveyed portion at the end of each crossing.
Team members carried bundles of pin flags with which they marked the locations of
artifacts. Only one area, at the tamarisk windbreak on the west side of the property, had
vegetation too dense to inspect. For the most part, the once -farmed areas had dense
vegetation cover and scatterings of citrus roots, limbs, and twigs that made ground
visibility difficult at times. In the undeveloped areas, except for the mesquite thickets,
surface visibility was excellent and vegetation was minimal. At the conclusion of the
initial survey, the crew went back to each area with pin flags and conducted a more
detailed coverage of these areas.
At the conclusion of the field survey, Quinn revisited each of the areas with pin flags
and determined whether the findings constituted archaeological sites or isolates (i.e.,
sites with fewer than three artifacts). The sites and isolates were then plotted on a
project map, and then transferred onto a USGS quad sheet in preparation for
completion of site record and isolate record forms to be submitted to the EIC.
Site sketch maps were created in the field, using a hand-held compass and a Bushnell
range finder. Maps included pin -point mapping of each flagged artifact and placement
of prominent landmarks such as roads and irrigation pots. In order to use a scale at
which individual artifacts could be distinguished from one another, several field maps
were made, each of a different section of the property, to be joined later into one overall
map of artifact concentrations. The field maps were later turned into official site sketch
maps to be included in the site record forms.
036
A temporary datum stake of wooden lath was placed at each locus. At the conclusion of
mapping all pin flags were left in place in the 12.5-acre commercial parcel (TPM 29052)
for a proposed archaeological testing program. Flagging in the 37.5-acre residential
parcel (TPM 29053) was collected at the end of the field work. The artifacts were left in
place. The only artifact collected during the survey was a projectile point, or
arrowhead, because of its importance and the threat of losing it if not collected.
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The following sections discuss the results and findings of the various research
procedures outlined above.
Records Search Results
The records search results indicate that the study area had not been surveyed for
cultural resources prior to this study, and that no cultural resources had been
previously recorded within the study area. In the vicinity of the project area, however,
the bulk of the acreage within a one -mile radius has been surveyed, especially to the
north, west, and south of the study area (Fig. 5). As a result of these surveys, a large
number of prehistoric (i.e., Native American) archaeological sites had been identified
and recorded within the one -mile radius, clustered mostly along and above the 42-foot
elevation contour line, the ancient shoreline of Lake Cahuilla. EIC records show the
City of La Quinta to be one of the areas in Riverside County that have been most
extensively surveyed, and one of the richest in archaeological resources. The northern
portion of the city, around the study area, demonstrates in particular a high
concentration of prehistoric archaeological sites, due to the presence of the ancient lake
shore. The study area, situated directly on the shoreline, is clearly very sensitive for
prehistoric archaeological remains, based on the results of previous studies in the
vicinity.
Historical Research Results
In contrast to its high sensitivity for prehistoric archaeological remains, the study area
appears to be far less sensitive for historic (i.e., non -Indian) archaeological resources or
other historic features of built environment. Historical sources indicate that the first
land claim involving the study area was filed as early as 1912, a few years before a
successful homestead claim on the southeast quarter of Section 32, including the study
area, was approved by the U.S. government in 1917 (BLM n.d.:5). However, as Figures
6-8 show, no man-made feature was ever observed within or adjacent to the study area
between the mid-1850s and the early 1940s.
The earliest man-made features to be noted in historic maps, thus, were Avenue 50,
Jefferson Street, a house near the center of the study area, and a dirt road connecting the
house to Avenue 50, all of which appeared during the 1940s or early 1950s (Fig. 9). The
house, which has since disappeared, was apparently built around 1957, shortly after
8 0�
Figure 5. Previous cultural resources surveys in the vicinity of the study area, listed by EIC manuscript fil
number. Locations of archaeological remains are not shown as a protective measure.
9 036
J -0 ti{r�T
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Figure 6. The study area and vicinity in 1855-1856.
(Source: GLO 1856a;1856b)
Figure 8. The study area and vicinity in 1941.
(Source: USGS 1941)
Figure 7. The study area and vicinity in 1901.
(Source: USGS 1904)
SCALE 1:62,500
p 1 mile
Figure 9. The study area and vicinity in 1954-1959.
(Source: USGS 1959)
10
039
Cecil E. Harris, Sr., and his wife Carmel acquired what is now APN 649-100-016 (County
Assessor 1955-1959:2). Since the house is less than 45 years old, dating only to the
Coachella Valley's modern expansion period, neither the remains that it may have left
in the study area nor any other features associated with it require further consideration
as potential historical resources. The two major thoroughfares bordering the study
area, Avenue 50 and Jefferson Street, demonstrate no identifiable historic characteristics
today. As such, they require no further consideration, either.
Field Survey Results
The field survey revealed the presence of seven archaeological sites and 14 isolates in
the study area, spaced across the property, occurring in the disturbed area of previous
orchards as well as the native sand dunes to the north. The isolates include 12 sherds
(two of them at the same location), two pieces of clay, and a sun -colored amethyst glass
fragment. Three of the seven sites consist of multiple loci, or concentrations of
artifacts. The sites have been assigned the official site numbers of CA-RIV-6146 to -6151
(Fig. 10) by the EIC, and entered into the California Historical Resource Information
System. The isolates were designated CRM TECH 348-IF-1 to 348-IF-14, and their
records were also submitted to the EIC for future reference.
Site CA-RIV-6146 lies along the extreme western edge of the study area near Avenue 50,
and consists of three loci. This site has suffered major disturbances in the form of
vehicular traffic and grading, but remains relatively undisturbed in the mesquite dunes
at the northern end (Fig. 11). Locus A is a scatter of charcoal, bone, clay, pottery sherds,
and some fish vertebrae. It is located on the west side of an existing mesquite dune,
consisting mainly of series of blowouts between an access road and the top of the dune.
Locus B is a small scatter of about eight sherds along the dirt road. Locus C is located in
the extreme southwest corner of the property, lying entirely in a disturbed area, and
consists mainly of a sand berm constructed to prevent entry to the property. All of the
artifacts found at Locus C were either on the berm, in the borrow area adjacent to the
berm, or in the road blocked by the berm. This locus produced a scatter of roughly two
dozen pottery sherds and the projectile point collected during the survey (Fig. 12).
CA-RIV-6147 consists of four loci, all defined by concentrations of pottery fragments.
The entire site lies within a disturbed zone, which was graded for a citrus orchard but is
now overgrown with dense brush (Fig. 13). Locus A is a small area that produced only
a scattering of about eight pottery sherds. Locus B is a larger area that contained about
50 sherds, one flake (or chipped stone) of milky quartz, partially fired pieces of clay, and
a fire -affected rock. Locus C is another small area containing roughly nine sherds and a
piece of fire -affected rock. Locus D consists of a narrow, elongated area along a dirt road
that follows an underground cement irrigation line. The clear ground visibility along
the road may account for the elongated shape of the site, or the sherds may have been
brought to the surface and exposed during installation of the irrigation features. Future
testing should answer this question. This locus produced about three dozen pottery
sherds.
040
11
Figure 10. Locations of archaeological sites in the study area.
12 () 41
power
Avenue
Figure 11. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6146.
•
sherd
A
cottonwood triangular point
B
Ipne
C
fire affected Clary
p
milky quartz cklst
R
tire-a(feCted rack
S
Shell
V
fiatl vertebra
®
temporary datum slake
blowout in dune
0 20 40 m
T
(insert scab: i •.10 m)
174?
13
CA-RIV-6148 is a small site
located in the southeast corner
of the property. The site is
entirely in the disturbed area
that was graded for citrus
cultivation. This site is
covered by brush and citrus tree
roots, limbs, and twigs. It
contains about a dozen pottery
sherds, two flakes of
wonderstone, a quartz rock,
and a couple pieces of fired clay
(Fig. 14).
CA-RIV-6149 is a large site in
the northeast portion of the
study area. Most of the site was Figure 12. Projectile point, or arrowhead, collected from Locus C
disturbed during leveling for of CA-RIV-6146.
the citrus orchard, but a small
part of the eastern portion is in an undisturbed sand dune. A clay pan exists where
water has collected and evaporated over untold years in a low area of the property. An
extensive scatter of artifacts covers the site area (Fig. 15), including about 50 pottery
sherds, basalt and quartz flakes, fired clay, freshwater mussel shell, and a metate
fragment (a piece of a flat stone once used for grinding).
CA-RIV-6150 is in the northeast corner of the property, and consists of two loci, one on
top of a sand dune and the other in the disturbed, leveled area below the dune, next to
Jefferson Street (Fig. 16). Locus A consists mainly of small pieces of fired clay, fire -
affected rock, and about a dozen pottery sherds (Fig. 17). Locus B has been mostly
disturbed by past grading. It contains about two dozen sherds, several pieces of fired
clay, freshwater shell and fish vertebrae (Fig. 18).
CA-RIV-6151 consists of a sparse scatter of fired clay, about 20 pottery sherds, and a very
small number of fire -affected rock (Fig. 19). A portion of this site is covered by citrus
tree remains and date palm fronds and disturbed by a couple of old dirt roads, but for
the most part the site lies in an undisturbed state.
The seventh site encountered during the survey, temporarily designated CRM TECH
348-7, is in fact the southern extension of another site that was recently recorded on the
adjacent Rancho La Quinta property to the north, CA-RIV-6144 (Fig. 20). It is one of the
few loci in the study area that is in a relatively undisturbed state. Situated in the dune
formations in the northwest portion of the property, this relatively small locus
contains the highest concentration of fire -affected rock observed during this study.
More than two dozen examples of burned rock dot the surface in this area, mixed with
numerous pieces of small animal bone, several small chunks of fire clay, and about 20
pottery sherds. One flake of wonderstone was also noted.
04.3
14
Figure 13. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6147.
15
temporary F
F datum stake •
R. C
• sherd
C clay
F flake, wonderstone p•
quartz class R
R survey stake
rock )
o survey stake
0 20 40 m
Figure 14. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6148.
'•^•\ base of dune
di IS orc
(old citrLls orchard) , �• v
Ri: RTIC \
C C
z
s
� c •p
c
C
temporary
datum stake
sC
0 30 60 to
T
Figure 15. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6149.
sherd
I flake, basalt
2 flake, quartz
C clay
R fire -affected rock
8 shell
p milky quart! class
T metals fragment
irrigation pot
r
p I \�
N�
. / s
C \ R
16 045
base
of dune
• sherd
B bone
C clay
G glass, sun -colored amethyst
R fire -affected rock
S shell
V fish vertebra
A temporary datum stake
0 40 80 m
Figure 16. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6150.
Figure 17. Typical sherd and fire -affected rock found at CA-RIV-6150.
17
046
r
� Z
Unit 3 � ^�
Ft
Unit 4 ' R q temporary
' R ^(tee \\a$ stake '
Unit t F111.'
gR B CB
R Unit RC 1
B B J `\ 5�
F R `RR R.R S.
R iwmw .
Y \ B RR
`C C
\t1//R
5
R B temporary
datum stakeA
R
R
• Sherd
B bone
C clay
F flake
R fire -affected rock
S shell
0 20 40 m
CR
.B
R B•R I
8
R B R
q RB B
R q
C RR•
R RB BR
R B
C .CBC C
R
B C q /
R •B
�� ✓
Figure 20. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6144. North of the property boundary is the Rancho La Quinta
project.
19 043
The seven recorded sites in the study area fall into two classes, the ones occurring in the
disturbed areas where former orchards had been removed, and the ones lying in the
native sand dunes in the northern portions of the property. In the disturbed area, there
is a tendency for sites to consists mainly of pottery sherds, while in the dunes, fire -
affected rock from ancient cooking and heating are more evident. A discussion of the
sites' significance follows in the next section.
DISCUSSION
The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate any potential cultural resources
within or adjacent to the study area, and to assist the City of La Quinta in determining
whether these resources meet the official definition of "historical resources" and
"important archaeological resources" as provided in the California Public Resources
Code, in particular CEQA.
Definitions
According to PRC §5202.1(j), "'historical resource' includes, but is not limited to, any
object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or
archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific,
economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of
California." CEQA further specifies that "a historical resource is a resource listed in, or
determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources"
(PRC §21084.1). A resource may be listed in the California Register if it meets any of the
following criteria:
1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to
the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage;
2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in California's past;
3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or
method of construction, or represents the work of an important
creative individual, or possesses high artistic value; or
4. It has yielded or is likely to yield information important in prehistory
or history. (OPR 1994:4)
For the evaluation of archaeological sites, Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines further
provides the specific definition of an "important archaeological resource." According
to this definition, an "important archaeological resource" is one which:
A. Is associated with an event or person of:
1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or
2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory;
B. Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public: interest
and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or
archaeological research questions;
20 043
C. Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest,
or last surviving example of its kind;
D. Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity;
or
E. Involves important research questions that historical research has
shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. (CEQA
Guidelines App. K, §III)
In accordance with these statutory and regulatory guidelines, the seven archaeological
sites discovered in the study area during the present survey are evaluated below under
both sets of criteria listed above. The isolates, by definition, do not constitute potential
resources, and thus do not warrant evaluation or any other further discussion for
CEQA-compliance purposes.
Site Evaluation
In view of the results of the field survey and site recording, it is apparent that the
property was extensively used in the ancient past by Native peoples of the Coachella
Valley. Almost certainly, based on the findings of freshwater fish bone and shell,
Indian camp sites were associated with the last high stand of ancient Lake Cahuilla,
probably around AD 1650. The sites appear to be rather typical of sand dune sites along
the old shoreline. Based on surface findings alone, none of the seven sites appear to
meet CEQA criteria for historical resources or important archaeological resources.
However, because of the nature of archaeological deposits, the sites cannot be truly
evaluated for their significance without further testing to determine the presence or
absence of subsurface deposits. Even in the previously leveled and disturbed orchard
area, there is potential for deposits to exist below the root zone. Therefore the
conclusion has to be that even though none of these sites appears to be of great
significance, archaeological testing must be carried out before a proper evaluation can
be presented.
RECOMMENDATIONS
CEQA establishes that "a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the
environment" (PRC §21084.1). "Substantial adverse change," according to PRC
§5020.1(q), "means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the
significance of an historical resource would be impaired."
This study has concluded that subsurface testing is necessary to determine whether the
seven archaeological sites in the study area, CA-RIV-6144 and -6146 to -6151, meet the
statutory definition of "historical resources," in which case the impacts on the sites by
the proposed project would constitute a significant effect on the environment.
However, even if the site is determined to be significant, it is expected that the proposed
project may proceed because CEQA states that further mitigation is not required if the
21 050
completed testing phase has recovered the "scientifically consequential information"
about the resource (P.RC §21083.2(d)). The information gathered during the testing
program may serve as mitigation of adverse effects to the resource.
Based on these considerations, CRM TECH recommends to the project proponent and
the Lead Agency that an archaeological testing program be completed on these seven
sites, consisting of the following procedures:
• Surface collection of all visible artifacts;
• Excavation of archaeological test units to determine the depth and subsurface
content of the sites;
• Laboratory analysis of artifacts recovered from the field procedures, including
ceramics, lithics, fauna, groundstone, fire -affected rock, and hardened clay;
• Preparation of a final report to summarize the findings of the procedures outlined
above and to interpret such findings within the context of a regional research
design.
CONCLUSION
The foregoing report has provided background information on the study area, outlined
the methods used in the current study, and presented the results of the various
avenues of research. During the course of the study, seven prehistoric archaeological
sites, CA-RIV-6144 and -6146 to -6151, were identified and recorded within the study
area. Because their significance could not be determined without further investigation,
CRM TECH recommends that an archaeological testing program be completed on these
sites, so as to determine the extent and nature of the archaeological remains. Based on
data collected during the testing program, the seven sites in the study area can then be
properly evaluated as to their qualifications for the status of "historical resources" and
"important archaeological resources," as defined by CEQA.
051
22
REFERENCES
Bean, Lowell John
1978 Cahuilla. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8: California, edited
by Robert F. Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
BLM (Bureau of Land. Management, U.S. Department: of the Interior)
n.d. Historical Index, Land Status Records, T5S R7E, SBBM. Microfiches on file,
Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside.
County Assessor, Riverside
1955-1959 Real property tax assessment records, Book 25B, Map 19. Microfiches on
file, Riverside County Assessor's Office, Riverside.
GLO (General Land Office, U.S. Department of the Interior)
1856a Plat Map: Township No. 5 South Range No. 7 East, San Bernardino Meridian;
surveyed in 1855-1856. Microfiche on file, Bureau of Land Management, California
Desert District, Riverside.
1856b Plat Map: Township No. 6 South Range No. 7 East, San Bernardino Meridian;
surveyed in 1856. Microfiche on file, Bureau of Land Management, California
Desert District, Riverside.
Kroeber, Alfred L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology
Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C.
OPR (Governor's Office of Planning and Research, California)
1994 CEQA and Historical Resources. Governor's Office of Planning and Research,
Sacramento.
Strong, William Duncan
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California
Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 26. Reprinted by Malki
Museum Press, Banning, California, 1972.
USGS (United States Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior)
1904 Map: Indio, Calif. (30', 1:125,000); surveyed in 1901.
1941 Map: Toro Peak, Calif. (15, 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1941.
1959 Map: Palm Desert, Calif. (15', 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1954, field
checked in 1957 and 1959.
1979 Map: Santa Ana, Calif. (1:250,000); 1959 edition revised.
1980 Map: La Quinta, Calif. (7.5', 1:24,000); 1959 edition photo -revised in 1978.
052
23
APPENDIX 1:
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
24 0153
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bruce Love, Ph.D., SOPA (Society of Professional Archaeologists)
Professional history
1993- Owner and Principal, CRM TECH, Riverside
1990-1993 Director, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside; Coordinator,
Archaeological Information Center, UC Riverside
1989-1990 Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UCLA
1987-1990 Owner and Principal, Pyramid Archaeology, Palmdale, California
1986-1987 Junior Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Pre -Columbian Research,
Washington, D.C.
1981-1986 Part-time cultural resources management consultant; doctoral student at
UCLA
Education
1986 Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology, UCLA
1981 Master of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA
1976 Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA
1996 "CEQA 101," presented by the Association of Environmental Professionals.
1995 "CEQA Workshop," presented by Association of Environmental Professionals.
1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by the
Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno.
1994 "CEQA 1994: Issues, Trends, and Advanced Topics," presented by UCLA
Extension.
1990 "Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preservation Law," presented by
U.S. General Services Administration Training Center.
Memberships
Society of Professional Archaeologists (certified in field research, teaching, and
archaeological administration)
Association of Environmental Professionals
American Planning .Association
Society for American Archaeology
Society for California Archaeology
Society for Historic Archaeology
American Society for Ethnohistory
Coachella Valley Archaeological Society
054
25
PROJECT HISTORIAN
Bai Tom Tang
Education
1988-1993 Graduate Program in Public History/Historic Preservation, UC Riverside
1987 M.A., American History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
1982 B.A., History, Northwestern University, Van, China
1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by
the Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno
Professional Experience
1993- Project Historian, CRM TECH, Riverside, California
1993-1997 Project Historian, Greenwood and Associates, Pacific Palisades, California
1991-1993 Project Historian, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside
1990 Intern Researcher, California State Office of Historic Preservation,
Sacramento
1990-1992 Teaching, Assistant, History of Modern World, UC Riverside
1988-1993 Research Assistant, American Social History, UC Riverside
1985-1988 Research Assistant, Modern Chinese History, Yale University
1985-1986 Teaching Assistant, Modern Chinese History, Yale University
1982-1985 Lecturer, History, Van Foreign Languages Institute, Van, China
Honors and Awards
1988-1990 University of California Graduate Fellowship, UC Riverside
1985-1987 Yale University Fellowship, Yale University Graduate School
1980,1981 President's Honor List, Northwestern University, Xi'an, China
Cultural Resources Management Reports
Preliminary Analyses and Recommendations Regarding California's Cultural
Resources Inventory System (With Special Reference to Condition 14 of NPS 1990
Program Review Report). California State Office of Historic Preservation working
paper, Sacramento, September 1990.
Approximately 150 cultural resources managernent reports with the Archaeological
Research Unit, Greenwood and Associates, and CRM TECH, since October 1991.
r- r-
JJ
26
PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGISTNIELD DIRECTOR
Harry M. Quinn
Education
1978 Certificate in Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles
1968 M.S., Geology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
1964 B.S., Geology, Long Beach State College, Long Beach
1962 A.A., Los Angeles Harbor College, Wilmington
1996 "Cultural Resources and CEQA: Your Responsibility," presented by the
Association of Environmental Professionals, Hemet
1991 "Ceramic Workshop," presented by Jerry Schaefer, Palm Springs
1990 "Introduction to Coachella Valley Archaeology," presented by Anne
Duffield, Palm Desert
Professional Experience
1992- Independent Geological/Archaeological/Environmental Consultant,
Pinyon :Pines
1994-1996 Environmental Geologist, E.C.E.S., Inc., Redlands
1991-1992 Director of Environmental Services, STE Associates, Inc., San Bernardino
1988-1991 Director of Environmental Services, Soil and Testing Engineers, Inc., San
Bernardino
1987-1988 Senior Geologist, JIRSA Environmental Services, Norco
1986 Consulting Petroleum Geologist, Loco Exploration, Inc., Aurora, Colorado
1978-1986 Senior Exploration Geologist, Tenneco Oil Exploration and Production,
Englewood, Colorado
1966-1978 Exploration and Development Geologist, Texaco, Inc., Los Angeles
Memberships
Coachella Valley Archaeological Society (President, 1993-1994; Vice President, 1992,
1995-1997; Basic Archaeology Training Course Instructor, 1996-1997)
Coachella Valley Historical Society
Southwest Museum
Malki Museum
Publications in Archaeology and History
Forty-five articles in the publications of the Southwest Museum, the American Rock
Art Research Association, the Colorado Archaeological Society, the Utah Rock Art
Research Association., the Coachella Valley Archaeological Society, and the Coachella
Valley Historical Society, 1978-1997.
27 056
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD CREW
Three members of CRM TECH's field crew, Landon T. Duro, Isaac Mirelez, anal Gary W.
Resvaloso, participated in the present study. All three are Native Americans of Desert
Cahuilla heritage, affiliated to the Torres Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians.
Field Experience (Survey)
• Indian Palms Country Club: field survey of ca. 400 acres; identification and flagging
of artifacts at six prehistoric sites.
• Coral Mountain Development Project: field survey of ca. 1,251 acres; identification
and flagging of artifacts at 32 prehistoric sites, some with historic components.
• State Route 86 Extension: field survey of ca. 30 acres; no sites found.
• Palm Hills Specific Plan: field survey of ca. 1,200 acres; identification and flagging of
artifacts and features at three historic sites.
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: field survey of ca. 350 acres; identification and
flagging of artifacts at 30 prehistoric loci.
• Cabazon Resource Recovery Park: field survey of ca. 160 acres; identification and
flagging of artifacts at 13 prehistoric loci.
• Tract 26595, Indian Wells: field survey of ca. 20 acres; identification and flagging of
artifacts at 12 prehistoric loci.
Field Experience (Excavation)
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: test excavation and screening at 30 prehistoric loci;
completing 123 lx:l-m test units, 4 1x2-m test units, 4 4x8-m surface scrapes, and a 9-
m vertical wall profile.
• Tract 26595, Indian Wells: test excavation and screening at 12 prehistoric loci.
Laboratory Experience: (Artifact Cataloguing)
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: sorting, counting, and re -bagging level bags from
test excavation.
Classroom Training
The crew attended classes at Torres Martinez presented by CRM TECH principal Bruce
Love, Ph.D., for a total of eight hours. Subjects included the following: anthropology as
a sub -field of archaeology, pre -historic vs. historic archaeology, overview of pre -history
of desert Southern California, overview of major historical events in early Spanish
contact with Native Southern California. In classroom workshops, the crew was
trained in reading USGS topographic maps, using an engineering scale, compass
reading, and scaled feature drawing a feature using metric tape, scale, compass, and
gridded note paper.
28 057
INTERIM CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT
TESTING AND EVALUATION OF CA-RIV-6147, -6148 AND -6149
Located on TPM 29052, Avenue 50 and Jefferson Street
City of La Quinta, Riverside County
Submitted to:
Herb Lundin
Lundin Development Co.
16400 Pacific Coast Hwy., Ste. 207
Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Submitted by:
Bruce Love, Principal
Harry M. Quinn, Field Director
CRM TECH
126 Barrett Road
Riverside, CA 92507
December 14, 1998
CRM TECH Job #i355
12.52 Acres in APN 649-100-016
La Quinta, California, 7.5' Quadrangle
Section 32, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian
053
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Since November, 1998, CRM TECH has been engaged in a testing and
evaluation program on three archaeological sites located near the
intersection of Jefferson Street and Avenue 50, in the City of La Quinta,
Riverside County, California. The sites under investigation, designated
CA-RIV-6147, -6148 and -6149, occur on approximately 12.5 acres of vacant
land to be subdivided and developed under Tentative Parcel Map No.
29052, which occupies the southeastern corner of Section 32, T5S R7E, San
Bernardino Base Meridian. The study is a part of the environmental
impact review process for the proposed project, required by the City of La
Quinta pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
The purpose of the study is to assist the City, as the Lead Agency for the
project, in assessing the significance of the three archaeological sites in the
project area, and to complete mitigation measures on those sites that
constitute "historical resources" or "important archaeological resources,"
as defined by CEQA.
Since the commencement of the study., CRM TECH has completed all
necessary archaeological field work in the project area, including site
mapping, surface collection of artifacts, and excavation of test units.
Results of the field study indicate that CA-RIV-6147, -6148 and the small
portion of -6149 that lies within the project area do not meet CEQA
definitions of historical resources/important archaeological resources.
While artifact analysis and final report preparation are still on -going at
this time, CRM TECH recommends that, based on the results of the
archaeological field study, the City of La Quinta may reach the following
conclusions regarding the proposed project:
• Potential historical resources/important archaeological resources
within and adjacent to the project area have been properly identified
and evaluated.
• None of the archaeological sites in the project area meets CEQA criteria
for historical resources/important archaeological resources.
• The proposed project, therefore, will have no effect on known cultural
resources.
• Due to the high sensitivity of sand dunes for buried cultural resources,
archaeological monitoring should be required during grading and
other earth -moving activities related to the Mound Area, which is a
modified dune. However, monitoring is not recommended for the
level areas, which consist of old lake bed sediments and are not
sensitive for subsurface cultural resources.
059
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MANAGEMENTSUMMARY.................................................................................................i
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
SETTING.......................................................................................................................................3
NaturalSetting................................................................................................................3
CulturalSetting...............................................................................................................4
METHODS....................................................................................................................................5
SurfaceCollection...........................................................................................................5
TestUnits..........................................................................................................................5
RESULTSAND FINDINGS......................................................................................................8
SurfaceCollection...........................................................................................................8
TestUnits..........................................................................................................................8
CA-RIV-6147, Locus B........................................................................................8
CA-RIV -6147 Locus D.........................................................................................9
CA-RIV-6148........................................................................................................9
CA-RIV-6149........................................................................................................9
MoundArea.........................................................................................................10
Summary..............................................................................................................10
DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................10
Definitions........................................................................................................................10
SiteEvaluations ..............................................................................................................11
CA-RIV-6147........................................................................................................11
CA-RIV-6148........................................................................................................11
CA-RIV - 6149........................................................................................................11
IsolatedFinds.......................................................................................................12
RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
Figure1.
Project vicinity...........................................................................................................1
Figure 2.
Project area and recorded archaeological sites....................................................2
Figure 3.
Rectangular -shaped mound...................................................................................3
Figure 4.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6147...........................................................................6
Figure 5.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6148...........................................................................7
Figure 6.
Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6149...........................................................................7
Figure 7.
Location of the Mound Area..................................................................................13
Table 1. Artifacts Recovered during Surface Collection....................................................8
Appendix 1. Personnel Qualifications...................................................................................15
ii 060
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Lundin Development Co., CRM TECH commenced in November,
1998, a testing and evaluation program on three archaeological sites located near the
intersection of Jefferson Street and Avenue 50, in the City of La Quinta, Riverside
County, California (Fig. 1). The sites under investigation occur on approximately 12.5
acres of vacant land to be subdivided and developed under Tentative Parcel Map (TPM)
No. 29052, which occupy the southeastern corner of Section 32, T5S R7E, San
Bernardino Base Meridian (Fig. 2). They were identified and recorded during a recently
completed cultural resources survey of TPM 29052 and the adjacent TPM 29053 (Love et
al. 1998), and subsequently designated CA-RIV-6147, -6148 and -6149 in the California
Historical Resource Information System (Fig. 2)..
The present study is a part of the environmental impact review process for the
proposed subdivision and development project, required by the City of La Quinta
pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA; PRC §21000 et seq.). The
purpose of the study is to assist the City, as the Lead Agency for the project, in assessing
the significance of the three archaeological sites in the project area, and to complete
mitigation measures on those sites that constitute "historical resources" or "important
archaeological resources," as defined by CEQA.
IN
project . ;
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Figure 1. Project vicinity. (Based on USGS Santa Ana, Calif., 1:250,000 quadrangle, 1979 edition)
1 061
Well"
A.-ri
J.
Ap
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CA-RIV-
projectwatt
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area
6
CA-RIV-6148
.50
Welt,
QA
-RIV-61 7
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1:24,000
pu�np 1/2
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1000 0 1000 2000 3000 AOOp feet
Figure 2. Project area and recorded archaeological sites within the project area. (Based on USGS La
Quinta, Calif., 1:24,000 quadrangle, 1980 edition)
2
Since the commencement of the study, CRM TECH has completed all necessary
archaeological field work in the project area, including site mapping, surface collection
of artifacts and excavation of test units. While artifact analysis and final report
preparation are still on -going, an interim report may be submitted at this time to
present the methods, results, and conclusions of research procedures that have been
completed to date.
SETTING
Natural Setting
Situated in the western Coachella Valley, the project area and its environs are marked
by extremes in temperature and aridity. Temperatures in the area top 120 degrees in
summer, and dip to near freezing in winter. Average annual precipitation is less than
five inches. Elevation in the project area is in general just below 40 feet above sea level.
The project area has been previously leveled for a citrus grove. In many areas the
ground is still covered by scattered to locally concentrated citrus tree roots, limbs, and
twigs that were left behind when the orchard was removed. It now supports a dense to
scattered growth of brush and weeds. In the southern portion of the project area is a
rectangular -shaped mound created by modifying an existing mesquite dune (Fig. 3).
Figure 3. Rectangular -shaped mound in the southern portion of the project area.
063
3
This mound is adjacent to Avenue 50, and is accessed from the east and west by dirt
roads in the southeast and southwest corners.
Native lifeways in the Coachella Valley was greatly influenced in centuries past by the
comings and goings of Ancient Lake Cahuilla, whose last drying up period began
around AD 1650. During its peak years before that, the northern shore of the lake
reached the present-day 42-foot elevation contour line, which runs just to the north
and west of the project area. Located thus directly on the ancient lake shore, the project
area undoubtedly presented an ideal location for early occupants of the Coachella
Valley to exploit fish and other food resources from this now -vanished fresh -water
lake.
Cultural Setting
The Coachella Valley is a historical center of Native American settlement, where a
large number of Indian villages and rancherias, occupied by the Desert Cahuilla people,
were observed in the mid -nineteenth century. The basic written sources on Desert
Cahuilla culture are Kroeber (1925), Strong (1929), and Bean (1978). The following
ethnographic discussion of the Cahuilla people is based on these sources.
The Cahuilla people are generally divided, by anthropologists, into three groups,
according to their geographic setting: the Pass Cahuilla in the Banning -Beaumont area,
the Mountain Cahuilla in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains and the Cahuilla
Valley, and the Desert Cahuilla in the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla did not have a
single name that referred to an all-inclusive tribal affiliation. Instead, membership was
in terms of lineages or clans that were in turn grouped within the two main divisions
of the people. Members of clans in one division, or moiety, had to marry into clans
from the other division. Individual clans had villages, or central places, and territories
they called their own. These were lands they considered theirs for purposes of hunting
game, gathering food, or utilizing other necessary resources. They interacted with other
clans in the forms of trade, intermarriage, and ceremonies.
Population data prior to European contact are almost impossible to obtain, but
estimates range from 3,600 to as high as 10,000 persons. During the 19th century,
however, the Cahuilla population was decimated as a result of European diseases, most
notably smallpox, for which the Native peoples had no immunity. Today, Native
Americans of Desert Cahuilla heritage are mostly affiliated with one or more of the
Indian reservations in the Coachella Valley, including Cabazon, Torres Martinez, Agua
Caliente, Morongo, and Augustine. Members of these reservations are highly
conscious of the archaeological remains of their past, and have great concern when
earth -moving activities disturb cultural remains. Although only a few elders can
remember the old ways or speak the Cahuilla language, there appears to loe a
revitalization trend among many tribal members.
Non -Indian settlement in the Coachella Valley began in the 1880s, after the public land
was opened for claims under the Homestead Act, the Desert Land Act, and other federal
4 064
land laws. But due to the lack of an adequate and reliable water supply, agricultural
development in the and region was greatly handicapped until the completion of the
Coachella Canal in 1948-1949. The main agricultural staple in the Coachella Valley, the
date palm, was first introduced around the turn of the century. By the late 1910s, the
date palm industry had firmly established itself, giving the region its celebrated image
of "the Arabia of America." Starting in the 1920s, a new industry, featuring resort
hotels and golf courses, gradually spread throughout: the Coachella Valley, and since
then transformed it into Southern California's leading winter retreat.
In present-day City of La Quinta, the earliest settlement and land development
activities did not occur until the turn of the century. In 1926, with the construction of
the La Quinta Hotel, the development of La Quinta gook on the character of a winter
resort town, typical of the desert communities along Highway 111. Starting in the early
1930s, the subdivision of the cove area of La Quinta and the marketing of "weekend
homes" further emphasized this new direction of development. On May 1, 1982, La
Quinta was incorporated as the nineteenth city in Riverside County.
METHODS
Site survey and mapping of the three archaeological sites under investigation were
previously completed during the recent Phase I survey of TPM 29052 and 29053 (Love et
al. 1998). At the conclusion of that study, pin flags and other flagging were left on the
ground in anticipation of this second phase of study for the 12.5-acre TPM 29052, the
development of which is forthcoming. The methods and procedures used during the
present Phase lI study, the testing and evaluation phase, are outlined in the following
sections.
Surface Collection
Surface collection of artifacts was accomplished by revisiting each of the previously
flagged artifacts, assigning a field number to that artifact, and then collecting it in
numbered individual bags. In this way, later artifact analysis could be informed by the
provenience, or original location, of each piece. As is usual for field studies of this
kind, additional artifacts were found during the final mapping and collecting process,
adding new points to the original site maps. The final site maps, showing artifact
locations, are presented below as Figures 4-6.
Test Units
A total of 13 excavation units, one -meter square and one -meter deep, were hand -dug by
crew members under the direct supervision of CRM TECH principal Bruce Love and/or
field director Harry M. Quinn (see App. 1 for qualifications). Three members of CRM
TECH's archaeological field crew, George Auclair, Tony Lavato, and Joe L oya,
participated in this task. All three are Native Americans affiliated to the nearby Torres -
Martinez Indian Reservation.
065
5
0 30 �0 m
I�
sherd
C clay
F milky quartz flake FF
R fire -affected rode
o irrigation standpipe
irrigation pot ((,
o survey stake
A temporary datum stake (�
tY Y
z
Lochs C
,Jh
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1.3
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181
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�+.,:¢.„�. a s;a power .
power - e �. `'�
Pae pore
Avenue 50
Figure 4. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6147, indicating the locations of collected artifacts and test units.
(See Fig. 2 for site location.)
066
M
o \
temporary F
F °Unit 3 datum stake® °
Unit t
\� R . C 1f
• sherd
C clay quart \ UnH 2
F flake,quart wonderstorte ° C'
p z Clast
R survey staleted rook
o survey stake
0 20 40 m
Figure 5. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6148.
base of dune
R \
citru orc
{rzkd citrus orchard) \
C \
Rr RT1C \
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2
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Figure 6. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-6149.
within the
shard
1 flake, basalt
2 flake, quarts
C clay
R fire -affected rock.
S shall
0 milky quartz Clast
T metate fragment
irrigation pot
C ~\
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067
7
Each unit was hand -dug in 10-cm (4-inch) levels, with all material screened through
1/8-inch hardware mesh. Artifacts and other cultural materials from each level were
bagged and labeled prior to proceeding to the next level. As a rule, units were dug to
100 cm, whether or not artifacts were encountered. The locations of the units are
shown in Figures 4-6,
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The following sections discuss the results and findings of the various research
procedures detailed above.
Surface Collection
A total of 106 artifacts were recovered through surface collection, as listed below in
Table 1. These artifacts are predominantly prehistoric (i.e., Native American) in nature,
with only one piece of historic (i.e., non -Indian) artifact in the entire assemblage.
Table 1. Artifacts Recovered durin Surface Collection
Sherds
Clay
Rock
FlWCIasts
oric
Total
fact-RIV-6147,
Locus B
46
6
1
0
53A-RIV-6147,
Locus D
30
1
0
0
31-RIV-6148
10
0
1
0
15A-RIV-6149*
2
1
0
0
3solated
Finds
3
0
0
1
1
106
4Total
91
8
2
Percentage
85.85%
7.55%
1.89%
2.83%
0.94%
0.94%
100.00%
" Portion within the project area.
Three of the isolated finds (i.e., sites with fewer than three artifacts) were encountered
in the vicinity of the rectangular -shaped mound in the southern portion of the project
area, including two pottery sherds and the only historic artifact, a piece of sun -colored
amethyst glass.
Test Units
As mentioned above, 13 test units were excavated at CA-RIV-6148 and the portions of
CA-RIV-6147 and -6149 in the project area. Findings from these units are summarized
below.
CA-RIV-6147, Locus B
Unit 1:
0-10: Charcoal
10-20: Charcoal
20-30: Missing
30-40: Charcoal,
snail shell, bone
40-50: Charcoal,
snail shells, bone
50-60: Charcoal,
snail shells, bone
60-70: Charcoal,
common snail
shells, bone
70-80: Charcoal,
common snail shells
8
063
80-90: Charcoal, common snail shells
90-100: Charcoal, common snail
shells, fish vertebra
Unit 2:
0-10: Rocks, bone, anadonta
fragments
10-20: Rocks, bone, anadonta
fragments
20-30: 1 Sherd, snail shell, anadonta
fragments, bone
30-40: No recovery
40-50: Snail shell, anadonta
fragments
50-70: Snail shells
70-80: Snail shells, anadonta
fragment
80-90: Snail shells
90-100: Snail shells
Unit 3:
0-10: Anadonta fragment
10-20: Rocks
20-30: No recovery
30-40: Bone
40-50: No recovery
50-60: Charcoal
60-70: Charcoal, common snail shells
70-80: Charcoal, common snail shells
80-90: Charcoal, common snail shells
(2 ramshorn snails)
90-100: Charcoal, common snail
shells
Unit 4:
0-100: No recovery
Unit 5:
0-10: No recovery
10-20: Snail shell, bone
20-30: Charcoal, snail shell, anadonta
fragment
30-40: Charcoal, snail shells,
anadonta fragment
40-50: Missing
50-60: Charcoal, common snail shells
60-70: Charcoal, common snail shells
70-80: Charcoal, common snail
shells, anadonta fragment
80-100: No recovery
CA-RIV-6147 Locus D
Unit 1:
0-10: 1 Sherd, 1 clay fragment, 1
milky quartz flake
10-20: Bottle glass
20-30: Milky quartz flake
30-40: Charcoal, bone, anadonta
fragment
40-70: No recovery
70-80: Anadonta fragment
80-90: Snail shell, anad.onta fragment
90-100: Snail shell, anadonta
fragment
Unit 2:
0-10: Nail, snail shell, anadonta
fragment
10-20: Bottle glass, snail shell,
anadonta fragment
20-30: Rock, 1 clay fragment
30-40: No recovery
40-50: Charcoal, snail shell
50-60: Charcoal
60-70: Bone
70-80: Bone
80-90: Anadonta fragment
90-100: Common snail shells,
anadonta fragment, bone
CA-RIV-6148
Units 1, 2, and 3: No items recovered
CA-RIV-6149
Unit 1:
0-10: Bottle glass, anadonta fragment
10-20: Bottle glass, anadonta
fragment, concrete irrigation pipe
fragment
9 069
20-30: Anadonta fragment
30-40: Anadonta fragment, burned
soil
40-70: No recovery
70-80: Anadonta fragment
80-90: Snail shells, anadonta
fragment
90-100: Snail shells, anadonta
fragment
Unit 2:
0-10: Anadonta fragment
10-20: Anadonta fragment, bone
20-30: 1 Sherd, snail shell, anadonta
fragment, bone
30-40: No recovery
40-50: Snail shell, anadonta fragment
50-70: Snail shells
70-80: Snail shells, anadonta
fragment
80-90: Snail shells
90-100: Snail shells
Mound Area
The Mound Area is located southwest of
CA-RIV-6148. It is essentially a
modified mesquite dune that has been
cat into a rectangular shape and
flattened on the top. The mound did
not yield enough material to be
considered as a site, but was tested with
one excavation unit to see if any
cultural layers may be present below the
graded level. No materials were found
from this unit, but the excavation did
confirm that the mound was a modified
mesquite dune that had been graded and
shaped, not an artificial mound built
from the ground up.
Summary To summarize, test units within the 12.5-acre TPM 29052 show an
almost complete absence of artifactual materials or cultural items below the existing
surface. From thirteen excavated units, only three pottery sherds and two flakes of
chipped quartz were found. The balance of materials recovered, the vast abundance of
which was fresh -water shell (snail and mussel), are naturally occurring in this old lake
bottom soil. Fragments of modern materials, such as nails, concrete, etc., were found
mixed into the top levels of some of the units.
DISCUSSION
Based on the research results discussed above, the following sections present CRM
TECH's conclusion on whether.any of the archaeological sites in the project area meets
the official definition of a "historical resource" or an "important archaeological
resource," as provided in the California Public Resources Code, particularly CEQA.
Definitions
According to PRC §:5202.1(j), "'historical resource' includes, but is not limited to, any
object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or
archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific,
economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of
California." CEQA further specifies that "a historical resource is a resource listed in, or
determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources"
10
070
(PRC §21084.1). A resource may be listed in the California Register if it meets any of the
following criteria:
1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to
the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage;
2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in California's past;
3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or
method of construction, or represents the work of an important
creative individual, or possesses high artistic value; or
4. It has yielded or is likely to yield information important in prehistory
or history. (OPR 1994:4)
For the evaluation of archaeological sites, Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines further
provides the specific definition of an "important archaeological resource." According
to this definition, an "important archaeological resource" is one which:
A. Is associated with an event or person of:
1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or
2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory;
B. Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest
and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or
archaeological research questions;
C. Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest,
or last surviving example of its kind;
D. Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity;
or
E. Involves important research questions that historical research .has
shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. (CEQA
Guidelines App. K, §III)
Site Evaluations
CA-RIV-6147 More than half of this site lies within the project area. Based on
the results of surface collections and test units, this site does not contain enough
archaeological information to help answer scientific or archaeological research
questions, has no special qualities, and has no depth. Therefore, it does not meet any of
the criteria listed above.
CA-RIV-6148 Lying completely within the project area, this sparse site,
consisting of a light scatter of only 10 sherds and 3 flakes, yielded no artifacts below the
surface. It clearly does not meet any of the CEQA criteria for importance or significance.
CA-RIV-6149 The small portion of this site that lies within the project area was
tested with two excavation units and found to be lacking in archaeological finds.
However, the greatest extent of this site lies to the north, outside the immediate project
area. If future development is expected on the property to the north (TPM 29053),
11 0 71
further testing will be required at this site to determine its significance. At this point, it
can be said that the portion of the site that lies within the current project area does not
meet CEQA criteria for importance or significance.
Isolated Finds Isolated artifacts, by definition, do not constitute archaeological
sites. As such, they require no further consideration in the cultural resources
management process.
RECOMMENDATIONS
CEQA establishes that "a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the
environment" (PRC F21084.1). "Substantial adverse change," according to PRC
§5020.1(q), "means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the
significance of an historical resource would be impaired."
Results of the field work indicate that CA-RIV-6147, 6148, and the portion of CA-RIV-
6149 that occurs in the project area, the only potential cultural resources identified in
TPM 29052, do not meet CEQA definition of historical resources/important
archaeological resources. Therefore, the proposed development of TPM 29052 will
cause no "substantial adverse change" to any historical resources or important
archaeological resources. Based on the results of research procedures completed to date,
CRM TECH recommends that the City of La Quinta may reach the following
conclusions regarding the proposed project:
• Potential historical resources/important archaeological resources within and
adjacent to the project area have been properly identified and evaluated.
• None of the archaeological sites in the project area meets CEQA criteria for historical
resources/important archaeological resources.
• The proposed project, therefore, will have no effect on known cultural resources.
• Due to the high sensitivity of sand dunes for buried cultural resources,
archaeological monitoring should be required during grading and other earth -
moving activities related to the Mound Area, which is a modified dune (Fig. 7).
However, monitoring is not recommended for the level areas, which consist of old
lake bed sediments and are not sensitive for subsurface cultural resources.
CONCLUSION
The foregoing report has summarized the methods, results, and conclusions of research
procedures completed to date. A 100% surface collection and 13 subsurface test units
have determined that none of the three sites in the project area meets CEQA criteria for
historical resources/important archaeological resources, and therefore the proposed
project will have no effect on known cultural resources. However, CRM: TECH
recommends archaeological monitoring during grading and other earth. -moving
072
12
4 , " ��
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Figure 7. Location of the :Mound Area, site of recommended archaeological monitoring.
activities related to the Mound Area (Fig. 7) due to the fact that there is a potential for
buried resources to be exposed in that area during future development activities.
073
13
REFERENCES
Bean, Lowell John
1978 Cahuilla. hi Handbook of North American .Indians, Vol. 8: California, edited
by Robert F. Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Kroeber, Alfred L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology
Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C.
Love, Bruce, Bai "Torn" Tang, and Harry M. Quinn
1998 Cultural Resources Report: Tentative Parcel Maps No. 29052 & 29053, City of
La Quinta, Riverside County, California. Manuscript report on file, Eastern
Information Center, University of California, Riverside.
OPR (Governor's Office of Planning and Research, California)
1994 CEQA and Historical Resources. Governor's Office of Planning and Research,
Sacramento.
Strong, William Duncan
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California
Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 26. Reprinted by Malki
Museum Press, Banning, California, 1972.
074
14
APPENDIX 1:
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
0 %$
15
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bruce Love, Ph.D., ROPA (Register of Professional Archaeologists)
Professional history
1993- Owner and Principal, CRM TECH, Riverside
1990-1993 Director, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside; Coordinator,
Archaeological Information Center, UC Riverside
1989-1990 Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UCLA
1987-1990 Owner and Principal, Pyramid Archaeology, Palmdale, California
1986-1987 Junior Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Pre -Columbian Research,
Washington, D.C.
1981-1986 Part-time cultural resources management consultant; doctoral student at
UCLA
Education
1986 Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology, UCLA
1981 Master of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA
1976 Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA
1996 "CEQA 101," presented by the Association of Environmental Professionals.
1995 "CEQA Workshop," presented by Association of Environmental Professionals.
1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by the
Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno.
1994 "CEQA 1994: Issues, Trends, and Advanced Topics," presented by UCLA
Extension.
1990 "Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preservation Law," presented by
U.S. General Services Administration Training Center.
Memberships
Society of Professional Archaeologists (certified in field research, teaching, and
archaeological administration)
Association of Environmental Professionals
American Planning Association
Society for American Archaeology
Society for California Archaeology
Society for Historic Archaeology
American Society for Ethnohistory
Coachella Valley Archaeological Society
076
16
PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGIST
Harry M. Quinn
Education
1978 Certificate in Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles
1968 M.S., Geology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
1964 B.S., Geology, Long Beach State College, Long Beach
1962 A.A., Los Angeles Harbor College, Wilmington
1996 "Cultural Resources and CEQA: Your Responsibility," presented by the
Association of Environmental Professionals, Hemet
1991 "Ceramic Workshop," presented by Jerry Schaefer, Palm Springs
1990 "Introduction to Coachella Valley Archaeology," presented by Anne
Duffield, Palm Desert
Professional Experience
1992- Independent Geological/Archaeological/Environmental Consultant,
Pinyon Pines
1994-1996 Environmental Geologist, E.C.E.S., Inc., Redlands
1991-1992 Director of Environmental Services, STE Associates, Inc., San Bernardino
1988-1991 Director of Environmental Services, Soil and Testing Engineers, Inc., San
Bernardino
1987-1988 Senior Geologist, JIRSA Environmental Services, Norco
1986 Consulting Petroleum Geologist, Loco Exploration, Inc., Aurora, Colorado
1978-1986 Senior :Exploration Geologist, Tenneco Oil Exploration and Production,
Englewood, Colorado
1966-1978 Exploration and Development Geologist, Texaco, Inc., Los Angeles
Memberships
Coachella Valley Archaeological Society (President, 1993-1994; Vice President, 1992,
1995-1997; Basic Archaeology Training Course Instructor, 1996-1997)
Coachella Valley Historical Society
Southwest Museum
Malki Museum
Publications in Archaeology and History
Forty-five articles ir. the publications of the Southwest Museum, the American Rock
Art Research Association, the Colorado Archaeological Society, the Utah Rock Art
Research Association, the Coachella Valley Archaeological Society, and the Coachella
Valley Historical Society, 1978-1997.
17
077
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD CREW
Three members of CRM TECH's field crew, George Auclair, Tony Lavato, and Joe Loya,
participated in the present study. All three are Native Americans of Desert Cahuilla
heritage, affiliatied to the Torres Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians.
Field Experience (Survey)
• Indian Palms Country Club: field survey of ca. 400 acres; identification and flagging
of artifacts at six prehistoric sites.
• Coral Mountain Development Project: field survey of ca. 1,251 acres; identification
and flagging of artifacts at 32 prehistoric sites, some with historic components.
• State Route 86 Extension: field survey of ca. 30 acres; no sites found.
• Palm Hills Specific Plan: field survey of ca. 1,200 acres; identification and flagging of
artifacts and features at three historic sites.
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: field survey of ca. 350 acres; identification and
flagging of artifacts at 30 prehistoric loci.
• Cabazon Resource Recovery Park: field survey of ca. 160 acres; identification and
flagging of artifacts at 13 prehistoric loci.
• Tract 26595, Indian Wells: field survey of ca. 20 acres; identification and flagging of
artifacts at 12 prehistoric loci.
• Tentative Parcel Map No. 29052: field survey of 50 acres; identification and flagging
of artifacts at 8 prehistoric sites.
Field Experience (Excavation)
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: test excavation and screening at 30 prehistoric loci;
completing 123 lxl-m test units, 4 Ix2-m test units, 4 4x8-m surface scrapes, and a 9-
m vertical wall profile.
• Tract 26595, Indian Wells: test excavation and screening at 12 prehistoric loci.
Laboratory Experience (Artifact Cataloguing)
• Rancho La Quinta Country Club: sorting, counting, and re -bagging level bags from
test excavation.
Classroom Training
The crew attended classes at Torres Martinez presented by CRM TECH principal Bruce
Love, Ph.D., for a total of eight hours. Subjects included the following: anthropology as
a sub -field of archaeology, pre -historic vs. historic archaeology, overview of pre -history
of desert Southern California, overview of major historical events in early Spanish
contact with Native Southern California. In classroom workshops, the crew was
trained in reading USGS topographic maps, using an engineering scale, compass
reading, and scaled feature drawing a feature using metric tape, scale, compass, and
gridded note paper.
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
DATE: MARCH 18, 1999
ITEM: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 99-378:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT FOR THE JEFFERSON STREET
IMPROVEMENTS
LOCATION: JEFFERSON STREET BETWEEN AVENUE 54 AND INDIO
BOULEVARD
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONSULTANT: LAURA S. WHITE, L&L ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
PALEONTOLOGICAL
CONSULTANT: DAVE STEVENS, RMW PALEO ASSOCIATES,
INCORPORATED
BACKGROUND:
An Initial Study for a Negative Declaration has been prepared pursuant to the California
Environmental Quality Act and National Environmental Policy Act (if federal funds are
used for the project) requirements for proposed roadway improvements along
approximately 6.2 miles of Jefferson Street from Avenue 54 (PGA West) north to Indio
Boulevard, within the corporate limits of the Cities of La Quinta and (Indio, and a
portion of unincorporated Riverside County. The City of La Quinta is acting as the lead
agency for review and approval of the project.
Generally, the project consists of the widening of Jefferson Street between Avenue
54 north to Indio Boulevard, up to a maximum of six travel lanes (three in each
direction), with the construction of a multiple arch structure at the existing low water
crossing of the Whitewater River, and the widening of the existing bridges over the La
Quinta Evacuation Channel and the Coachella Canal (All American Canal).
As a part of the Environmental Assessment, cultural resource and paleontological
assessments have been submitted. The assessments were prepared at the request of
Robert Bein, William Frost, and Associates, consultants for the project.
DISCUSSION:
The appendixes for the "Cultural Resources Survey" has been prepared so that the
information provided will fulfill Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
requirements. ry^ �Q
C:hpc rpt jeff st widen n.d. R5 / ��1
The archaeological report assesses an area that included the Jefferson Street right-of-
way and land generally 15 feet beyond the ultimate street right-of-way width. The
report notes that the street alignment lies in an area that is archaeologically sensitive.
The prehistoric sites previously recorded within or immediately adjacent to the
surveyed area have been destroyed by the road or adjacent development. However,
there is a possibility that buried sites exist within the boundaries of the project.
Therefore, monitoring by a professional archaeologist is recommended during the initial
phase of any rough grading connected with improvement of the roadway along its
entire length.
Several historic resources were identified within or immediately adjacent to the
assessed area. They include the Coachella Canal, an underground irrigation lateral, two
residences, and twe date groves. As noted in the report, only the Shields Grove
requires mitigation. Three trees of the Shields Date Palm Grove adjacent to the La
Quinta Evacuation Channel at the southeast corner of Jefferson Street and Highway
111 will be impacted by the project. These trees were planted no earlier than 1950,
and as such are not considered historically significant. However, the grove is
considered to comprise a potential historic cultural landscape and thereby merits
special consideration in local planning. Relocation of these trees elsewhere in the
grove, or along Jefferson Street as a mitigation measure is recommended.
RECOMMENDATION:
Adopt Minute Motion 99- , accepting :
1.) The archaeological report titled, "A Cultural Resources Assessment of the
Jefferson Street Improvement Project, Avenue 54 to Indio Boulevard, Coachella,
Riverside Counm", as prepared by L&L Environmental, Inc., and,
2.) The paleontological report titled, "Paleontological Resources Assessment for
Jefferson Street Widening, La Quinta, California. as prepared by RMW Paleo
Associates, Incorporated:
for Environmental Assessment 99-378, in partial compliance with the requirements of
the California Environmental Quality Act.
Attachments:
1. Confidential Archaeological Report (Commissioners only)
2. Confidential Paleontological Report (Commissioners only)
Prepared by: Submitted By:
Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner
C:hpc rpt jeff st widen n.d.
Christine di lorio, Planning Manager
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1
Paleontological Resources Assessment
ror Jefferson Street Widening
La Quints, California
Prepared for
Robert Bein, William Frost and Associates
14725 Alton Parkway
Post Office Box 57057
Irvine, California 92619-7057
Prepared by
RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated
23392 Madero, Suite L
Mission Viejo, California 92691
(949)770-9042
FAX (949) 458-9058
RMW Project 99-1365
Author
Dave Stevens
Certified Paleontologist
2 March 1999
Gill
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Introduction
The following report;presents the results of RMW Paleo Associates' assessment of the
paleontological resources along Jefferson Street, between Avenue 54 and Indio Boulevard in the
City of La Quints, California (Figure 1). The purpose of assessing paleontological resources is to
determine the impact the widening of Jefferson Street will have on the region's paleontological
resources.
This report is based on a review of published and unpublished paleontological and Scological
literature of the area (See References). The locality records of the San Bernardino County
Museum were examined for records of fossil occurrences within and near the study area. Afield
reconnaissance of the area was conducted by Dave Stevens on 18 February 1999. This report was
prepared by Dave Stevens, Certified Paleontologist for RMW Paleo Associates.
Paleontological resources are the remains or traces of organisms that lived in the geologic past.
The division between the geologic past and the Recent time period is typically defined on a
climatic event that occurred about lo,000 years ago. Therefore, remains less than 10,000 years
old are generally not considered to be fossils. The younger the remains, the less likely they are to
_ be fossils.
Paleontologic resources are limited, nonrenewable resources of scientific, cultural, and
educational value, which are protected on private land by the California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA). CEQA Guidelines specify that a project will normally result in a significant effect
on the environment if it will disrupt or adversely affect a paleontologic site except as part of a
scientific study. Section 5097.5 of the California Public Resources Code protects fossils on public
lands. Federal regulations that protect paleontological resources include the Antiquities Act of
1906, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA;) of 1969, the 1872 Mining Law, and the
- 1976 Federal Land Management and Policy Act (FLPMA).
Stratigraphy and Paleontology
_ Exposed along Jeft'son Street are Quaternary age sedimentary deposits. These sediments
represent several depositional environments. Sand dune deposits overlie alluvial deposits in the
study area.
The youngest sediments in the study area are Recent sand dune deposits. These dunes are formed
by wind blown sand and are less than 10,000 years oid. Because the dune field is active, there is
— little chance that fossils will be found in the dune deposits proper. Reworked fossils eroded from
older rocks in the area may be present in the dune deposits, but they would be of little significance
since they have lost their geologic province. No fossil materials were observed during the field
reconnaissance.
RMW NCO Assmiatas, Incorporated
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Paleontology Figure I - Location Map
Archaeology
History Portion ofUSGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle
La Quinta 1959, photorevised 1980.
23392 Madero, Suite L
Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Scale = 1:49,000
kmW (949) 770-8042
Paleo Associates FAX (949) 458-9059
U(5J
2
RMW Peleo Associates, Inc.
03-02-99 12:57
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Underlying the dune deposits at shallow depths an Quaternary age alluvial deposits. These
alluvial sediments were deposited by water that flowed off of the hills surrounding the valley and
delta deposits that the Whitewater River formed where it entered lakes which occupied the region
in the past. The age of these deposits vary greatly from a few years to several thousand years. To
the north, sediments associated with the Whitewater River delta have produced late Pleistocene
age (more than 1 o,000 years old) snail and rodent fossils. The depth to these fossils is unknown.
It is possible that at some depth beneath the study area there are deposits old enough, to contain
- similar fossils. However, there is no way to accurately predict the depth to these older potentially
fossitiferous deposits, if they exist in the area.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Grading operations associated with the widening of Jefferson Street are unlikely to have
significant impacts on the regions paleontological resources given the nature of the rock units
present in the study area. The sand dune deposits have no potential for producing significant
fossils because they are too young geologically to contain fossils. The potential for the discovery
of fossils in the alluvial deposits is more difficult to determine. The presence of fossils in similar
deposits to the north of the study area indicates that these alluvial deposits are fossil iferous in
some areas. However, the complex mixing of older mud younger alluvial materials that occurs in
the study area makes it more difficult to determine the potential for the discovery of fossils. The
potential for discovery of fossils increases with depth, because the sediments are increasingly
older with depth.
Grading operations associated with the widening of Jefferson Street are unlikely to reach the
depth where fossils are present. Based on geologic reports on the region, the depth to potentially
fossiliferous sediments is at least five (5) feet below the present surface. Therefore, if grading
activities along Jefferson Street do not penetrate more than five (5) feet below the present surface,
then no paleontological mitigation measures are necessary. However, if excavations are greater
than five (5) feet, paleontologic mitigation measures xuill be necessary.
The following mitigation measures will reduce the adverse impacts of improvements to Jefferson
Street on the region's paleontological resources to an acceptable level- These mitigation measures
have proven successfid in protecting paleontological resources, while allowing the timely completion
of many developments in southern California.
1. A qualified paleontologist shall be retained to perform periodic inspections of
excavations and, if necessary, salvage exposed fossils. The frequency of inspections
will depend on the rate of excavation, the materials being excavated, and the
abundance of fossils.
_ 2. The paleontologist shall be allowed to divert or direct grading in the area of an
exposed fossil to facilitate evaluation and, if necessary, salvage.
12MW Peloo Associates, Incorporated
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3. Because of the small nature of some fbssiis present in these rock units, matrix samples
should be collected for processing through fine mesh screens.
4. Provision; for preparation and curation shall be made before the fossils are donated
to their final repository.
5. All fossils collected should be donated to an institution capable of maintaining the
collection, such as the San Bernardino County Museum.
6. A report detailing the results of the mitigation efforts should be prepared and
deposited along with the fossils in the scientific institution.
If you have any questions, or if we can be of additional service, do not hesitate to contact us.
Respectfully,
Dave Stevens
Certified Paleontologist
RMW Palm Associates, IAe WrmtW 4
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References
Arnal, R. R., 1961. Limnology, Sedimentation, and Microorganisms of the Salton Sea, California.
Geological Society of America, Bulletin 72:427479.
Dibblee, T. W., 1954. Geology of the Imperial Valley Region, California. In Jahns, R.H., ed.
Gcology of Southern California, Bulletin 170. Chapter 2 Part 2, California Division of
Mines and Geology.
Laylander, D. The last days of Lake Cahuilla: The Elmore site. Pacific Coast Archaeological
Society33(1&2):1-138.
Miller, R. V., 1988. ltdineral Land Classification: Aggregate Materials in the Palm Springs
Production -Consumption Region. Special Report 159, California Division of Mines and
Geology.
Proctor, R. J., 1968. Geology of the Desert Hot Springs -Upper Coachella Valley area, California.
Special Report 94, California Division of Mines and Geology.
Raschke, R., 1998. Paleontological Resources Assessment for the La Quinta, California, General
Plan. Report on file at RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated, Mission Viejo, California.
Raschke, R., 1999. Paleontological Resources Assessment for Jefferson Street Widening, La
Quinta, California. Report on file at RMW Paleo Associates, Mission Viejo, California.
Roger, T. H., 1965. Geologic Map of California, Santa Ana Sheet, California Division of Mines
and Geology.
Waters, M. R_, 1983. Late Holocene lacustrine chronology and archaeology of ancient Lake
Cahuilla, California. Quaternary Research 19:373-387.
RMW Pako Assaeiates, InoaWmted
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r
A CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT OF THE JEFFERSON STREET
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, AVENUE 54 TO INDIO BOULEVARD,
COACHELLA VALLEY, RIVERSIDE COUNTY
by
Robert S. White
Laura S. White
David M. Van Horn
L & L Environmental, Inc.
1269 Pomona Road
Suite 102 .
Corona, CA 91720
for
Robert Bein, William Frost & Associates
9501 Jeronimo Road
Floor 2
Irvine, CA 92618
2wd Revision
February 3, 1999
Study Area USGS 7.5' Topographic Quadrangle:
La Quinta
Study Area Acreage: Linear, 6+miles
KEYWORDS: Survey, Coachella Valley, La Quinta, Indio, Jefferson St., Riverside County
The undersigned certifies that the attached report is a true and accurate description of the
results of an ARCHAEOLOGICAL survey described herein.
Laura S. White, M.A.
Principal Investigator
087
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Management Summary v
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SETTING 2
A. Study Area Location and Environment 2
B. Geographic Setting 15
C. Hydrology: Lake Cahuilla and the Salton Sea 16
D. Biotic Resources 18
E. Cultural Setting 20
F. Brief Historical Sketch of the Study Area 24
III. RESEARCH DESIGN 32
A. Previous Research . 32
B. Research Goals 33
IV. METHODS 33
A. Literature/Archival Research 33
B. Field Survey 43
V. FINDINGS 46
A. Avenue 54 to Avenue 52 46
B. Avenue 52 to Avenue 50 49
C. Avenue 50 to Avenue 48 51
D. Avenue 48 to Westward Ho Avenue 51
E. Westward Ho Avenue to Fred Waring Drive 54
F. Fred Waring Drive to Indio Boulevard 54
VI. DISCUSSION 49
A. Prehistoric Archaeological Resources 5:5
B. Historic Resources . 55
C. NRHP Eligibility Criteria 516
D. CEQA Compliance 57
VII. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 59
A. Prehistoric Archaeological Resources 59
B. Historic Resources . 60
-i-
REFERENCES CITED
APPENDIX A:
Personnel Qualifications
APPENDIX B:
Records Search Results
APPENDIX C:
Neg BPSR Form
APPENDIX D:
Neg ASR Form
61
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Regional location of the project area as indicated
on a portion of the USGS Santa Ana 1:250,000 scale
Topographic Map Sheet.
Figure 2. Southern section of study area plotted on a
portion of the La Quinta 7.5' Topographic Quadrangle.
Figure 3. Northern section of study area plotted on a
portion of the La Quinta 7.5' Topographic Quadrangle.
Figure 4. 1936 Imperial Irrigation District map showing 29
the proposed Imperial Valley Power project and the
future All -American Canal line to the Coachella Valley.
Figure 5. 1856 GLO plat map for Township 5 South, 40
Range 7 East showing dirt (wagon) road bisecting
Sections 28 and 29.
Figure 6. 1941 Army Corps of Engineers' Toro Peak 15' 41
topographic quadrangle showing the community of
La Quinta and surrounding environs.
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. Archaeological sites within a 1/4-mile of the 35
study area.
Table 2. Homestead Patent Information for the study area 44
Table 3. Assessor Parcel Information for resources that lay 45
within and adjacent to the project APE
1790
LIST OF PLATES
Page
Plate I. Top: Looking north along Jefferson Street
from southern study area boundary (Avenue 54).
Bottom: Westerly view of Coachella Branch of
the All -American Canal.
Plate H. Top: Looking north along west side of
Jefferson Street from Avenue 52. Note: date palm
grove (Sniff's) at left. Bottom: Looking north up
west side of Jefferson Street from north of Avenue 50.
Plate M. Top: Looking north at improved section of 10
Jefferson Street at Avenue 48. Bottom: Looking
northeast along La Quinta Evacuation Channel at
intersection of Jefferson Street and Highway 111.
Note: a portion of Shields Date Grove lies in left of photo.
Plate IV. Top: Wbitewater River crossing looking
north along Jefferson Street from Vista Grande.
Bottom: Looking north along Jefferson Street from
Miles Avenue.
Plate V. Top: Looking north up western side of
Jefferson Street from 200 yds. north of Fred Waring
Drive. Bottom: Looking north toward Indio Blvd.
from just south of Country Club Drive.
-Iv-
II
14
u(a1
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
At the request of Robert Bein, William Frost & Associates, L & L Environmental, Inc.
has undertaken a Cultural Resources Assessment of 6+miles of Jefferson Street between
Avenue 54 on the south and Indio Boulevard on the north. The route transects portions of the
Cities of La Quinta, Indio as well as a small portion of the Bermuda Dunes area of
unincorporated Riverside County.
Presently, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) is considering
standardizing the width of the roadway to four -lanes. Ultimately, some sections may be
expanded to six -lanes. Maximum right-of-way (ROW) for the project varies from 60 to 120
feet along Jefferson Street. The proposed improvements do not involve substantial deviation
from the existing alignment. Improved crossings of the Coachella Canal/All-American Canal,
the La Quinta Evacuation Channel and the Whitewater River are also planned as components
to the proposed undertaking. Right-of-way for these improvements will vary from 75 to 200
feet.
The purpose of this study was to identify all potentially significant cultural resources
situated within the boundaries of the project Area of Potential Effects (APE). This information
is needed since adoption of the plan could result in adverse effects upon locations of
archaeological or historical importance. Assessment constraints comprised a fixed budget and
schedule.
The results of the records search conducted at the Eastern Information Center at UC
Riverside indicated that the alignment transects a region sensitive for prehistoric archaeological
sites. However, the results of the field survey revealed that the prehistoric sites mapped within
or adjacent to the APE have been destroyed by development or road construction.
Of the six historic resources identified within or immediately adjacent to the APE, none
have been found eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. However, two
comprise potential historic cultural landscapes and the third a local potential historic landmark.
-v-
Consequently, all three appear to be eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources
(CRHR). The remaining three historic resources are not eligible for the CRHR.
Recommendations for prehistoric resources call for monitoring of the rough grading
phase of the street widening project. This recommendation is made with regard to the issue
of sand dune migration which can obscure archaeological sites from view. This measure will
ensure that if buried archaeological material is encountered during the rough grading phase of
development, an archaeologist will have the opportunity to recover the finds and ascertain their
significance.
It is not anticipated that the undertaking as currently proposed will have any adverse
effect on two of the three historic resources found eligible for the CRHR (La Quinta section
of the Coachella Canal and the Sniff Date Palm Grove). Consequently, no further mitigative
measure are recommend for these resources. However, the third resource, Shields Date Palm
Grove aka Shields Date Garden, will suffer a loss of about three trees. As a mitigative
measure, it is recommended that the subject palms be relocated.
-vi-
0 9"
I. INTRODUCTION
The following report was written for Robert Bein, William Frost & Associates by
L & L Environmental, Inc. It describes the results of an archaeological assessment of 6+miles
of Jefferson Street between Avenue 54 on the south and Indio Boulevard on the north. The
route transects portions of the Cities of La Quinta, Indio as well as a small portion of the
Bermuda Dunes area of unincorporated Riverside County.
Presently, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) is considering
standardizing the width of the roadway to four -lanes. Uhimately, some sections may be
expanded to six -lanes. Maximum right-of-way (ROW) for the project varies from 60 to 120
feet along Jefferson Street. The proposed improvements do not involve substantial deviation
from the existing alignment.
Improved crossings of the Coachella Canal/All-American Canal, the La Quinta
Evacuation Channel and the Whitewater River are also planned as components to the proposed
undertaking. Preliminary information suggests that two of these crossings (Whitewater River
and La Quinta Evacuation Channel) will require ROW of between 150-200 feet on either side
of Jefferson Street for associated construction activities (e.g. staging, temporary access road,
channel modifications). An addition of one lane to either side of the Coachella Canal crossing
will require approximately 84 feet of additional ROW. However, a distance of 75 feet (1:50 feet
total) on either side of the Coachella Canal crossing was selected for the APE.
The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the Jefferson Street Improvement Project was
defined by Laura S. White, a SOPA certified archaeologist. The APE boundary for this Class
II project was drawn to include: 1) all buildings, structures and vacant land within the project
ROW, and 2) all buildings and structures fronting the ROW that could be affected by
construction activities. Additionally, where the alignment adjoins vacant land, a 15 foot buffer
was added to either side of the ROW unless physically prohibited by existing development.
The purpose of this study was to identify all potentially significant cultural resources
situated within the APE. This information is needed since adoption of the plan could result in
adverse effects upon locations of archaeological or historical importance. Our assessment
consisted of (1) a records search conducted to determine whether any previously recorded
1
U9�i
historic or prehistoric material is present within the subject property, (2) literature and archival
review, and (3) a field reconnaissance intended to identify any previously unrecorded cultural
resources.
The study was conducted in accordance with the provisions of: (1) the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), which includes criteria for eligibility to the National
Register of historic Places (NRHP); and (2) the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA),
as amended in 1992, which includes criteria for eligibility to the California Register of
Historical Resources (CRHR).
Although the City of La Quinta is acting as the Lead Agency for the project,
CALTRANS District 8 is acting as the Responsible Agency. Therefore, the document format
complies with CALTRANS requirements for negative cultural resource assessments.
Furthermore, the report format also complies with the City's requirements for cultural resource
documents. Consequently, aside from the production of the Neg HPSR and the Neg ASR
CALTRANS forms, this report was prepared according to the Archaeological Resource
Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format contained within the
State's Preservation Planning Bulletin Number 4(a) (California Department of Parks and
Recreation 1989).
II. SETTING
A. Study Area Location and Environment
The Jefferson Street alignment is located in the Coachella Valley both north and east
of the Santa Rosa Mountains and south of Interstate 10, Riverside County (fig. 1). As
mentioned, the route is approximately 6 miles in length, and lies between Indio Boulevard on
the north and Avenue 54 on the south. This includes the entire length of route currently
regarded as Jefferson Street. Previously, Jefferson Street had extended two miles south of
Avenue 54 until it was removed for the PGA West development. By in large, the majority of
the route lies in or adjacent to the City of La Quinta.
Legally, the Jefferson Street alignment lies in Sections 16, 17, 20, 21, 28, 29 32 and 33,
Township 5 South, Range 7 East and Sections 4, 5, 8 and 9, Township 6 South, Range 7 East,
-2-
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Figure 2
Southern section of study area plotted on a portion of the La Quinta 7.5' Topographic
Quadrangle.
-4-
Plate 1
Top: Looking_ north along .lellerson street. from southern study area boundary (Avenue 54)_
Bottom: Westerly view of Coachella Branch of the All -American Canal_
-5-
•••• 093
San Bernardino Base Meridian. Figure 2 illustrates the alignment on a portion of the USGS
La Quinta 7.5' Topographic Quadrangle. Specific information is presented in the sections
below in 1-mile increments progressing from south to north. The reader is also referred to
Appendix C for detailed 100 scale maps of the entire alignment.
1. Avenue 54 to Avenue 52
This southernmost section of Jefferson Street lies wholly within the City of La Quinta.
It currently comprises a relatively narrow, two-lane road (Plate I:top). Maximum ROW along
this segment will vary from 60 to 85 feet. Legally, it is situated in Sections 8 and 9, Township
6 South, Range 7 East (fig. 2). The Coachella Canal transects this portion of Jefferson Street
from east to west about 1/4-mile south of Avenue 52 (Plate I:bottom). Elevations range from
a maximum of approximately 31 feet above sea level at Avenue 52 (north) to a minimum of +7
feet at Avenue 54 (south). Topographically, the area had originally comprised a relatively
featureless playa that was created when ancient Lake Cahuilla receded. Since dessication of
the lake, dunes comprised of accumulations of fine blow sand have come to dot the landscape
at sporadic intervals. The undulating dunes are vegetated with members of the saltbush scrub
community. However, most of the area, including the ROW has been denuded of native
vegetation and graded flat for agricultural endeavors (e.g. turf farm, row crops, citrus).
Underground utilities also lie adjacent to the roadway. Consequently, disturbance is quite
substantial on both sides of the road.
2. Avenue 52 to Avenue 50
This section of Jefferson Street also lies wholly within the City of La Quinta. It
presently consists of a three lane road (two lanes on west side) and a landscaped center median
between Avenue 52 and the entrance to the Citrus Course -La Quinta Country Club (Plate
II:top). From that point north to Avenue 50 the segment is two lanes in width.
Maximum ROW along this section is 90-feet. Legally, it is situated in Sections 4 and
5, Township 6 South, Range 7 East (fig. 2). Elevations range from a maximum of 34 feet
above sea level at Avenue 50 (north) to a minimum of 31 feet at Avenue 52 (south).
10
099
Plate II
Top: Looking north along west side of Jefferson Street from Avenue 52. Note. date palm
grove (Sniff's) at left. Bottom: Looking north up west side of Jefferson Street from north of
Avenue 50.
-7-
100
Figure 3
Northern section of study area plotted on a portion of the La Quinta 7.5' Topographic
Quadrangle.
101
Topographically, the area is very flat aside from several artificial building pads. The
areas adjoining both sides of the roadway have been heavily disturbed by agriculture (date palm
grove, citrus), underground utilities and residential/resort development. Consequently, no
undisturbed ground lies within the ROW and little outside.
3. Avenue 50 to Avenue 48
This segment of the alignment divides the City of La Quinta (west side) from the City
of Indio (east side). It currently comprises a wide, two lane roadway (Plate II:bottorr).
Maximum ROW for this section of Jefferson Street varies from 60 to 120 feet. Legally, it is
situated in Sections 32 and 33, Township 5 South, Range 7 East (fig. 2). Elevations range
from a maximum of 47 feet above sea level at Avenue 48 (north) to a minimum of 34 feet at
Avenue 50 (south).
Topographically, the east side of the ROW is relatively flat; a significant portion of the
west side comprises a series of elevated dune fields. The east side of the ROW has been to a
greater or lesser extent disturbed by farming activities, underground utilities, weed abatement
and residential development. On the west side of the ROW, improvements to the intersection
of Avenue 48 and Jefferson Street have resulted in significant earth work (Plate III:top; see
Brock 1997).
4. Avenue 48 to Westward Ho Avenue (Avenue 46)
This portion of Jefferson Street transects portions of both the City of La Quinta and the
City of Indio. Depending on the meandering boundaries, portions of both cities can be found
on either side of the route. Highway I I I bisects the route from west to east as does the
Whitewater River (Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel). The La Quinta Evacuation Channel
also transects this segment of Jefferson Street southwest to northeast just south of Highway
I I I (Plate III:bottom).
Presently, this section of Jefferson Street comprises a wide, two lane road. A
landscaped center median can be found along the route north of the Whitewater River (Plate
-9- 102
0;�
Plate IH
Top: Looking; north at improved section of Jefferson Street at Avenue 48. Bottom: Looking
northeast along La Quinta Evacuation Channel at intersection of Jefferson Street and Highway
l 11. Note: a portion of Shields Date Grove lies in left of photo.
-10-
103
IV:top). Maximum ROW through this section varies from 85 to 100 feet. Legally, it lies in
Sections 28 and 29, Township 5 South, Range 7 East (fig. 3). Elevations range from a
maximum of 60 feet above sea level at Westward Ho Avenue (north) to a minimum of
approximately 30 feet at the Whitewater River crossing.
Topographically, the west side of the ROW, south of Hwy. 111 comprises undulating
dune fields vegetated with members of the creosote bush and shadscale scrub communities.
No doubt the surrounding area was similar in character before development took place. The
entire ROW and adjoining areas (with the exception of the aforementioned portion of dune
fields) have been thoroughly disturbed by agricultural activities (date grove), underground
utilities, weed abatement and residential/commercial/resort development.
5. Westward Ho Avenue (Avenue 46) to Fred Waring Drive (Avenue 44)
The southern portion of this segment transects the City of Indio while the northern
portion adjoins Indio on the east and the City of La Quinta on the west. Miles Avenue (Avenue
45) bisects the segment from west to east. Presently, the subject section of Jefferson Street
comprises a two lane road with a center median (dirt) between Westward Ho Avenue and Miles
Avenue. No center median exists north of Miles Avenue. Maximum ROW through this
section is 120 feet. Legally, this segment of the project lies in Sections 20 and 21, Township
5 South, Range 7 East (fig. 3). Elevations range from a maximum of 80 feet above sea level
near Westward Ho Avenue (south) to a minimum of approximately 55 feet at Fred Waring
Drive (north).
Topographically, the west side of the ROW comprises a series of undulating dune fields,
some of which are quite elevated above the roadway. The east side of the ROW, between
Westward Ho and Miles Avenue, consists of rolling sand fields. However, north of Miles
Avenue, the east side of the ROW adjoins resort development (Plate IV:bottom). Native
vegetation along this portion of the route is composed of members of the creosote bush and
shadscale scrub communities.
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105
Disturbance along this segment is minimal except for that portion of the ROW that
adjoins the Heritage Palms Country Club. Underground utilities appear to be less intrusive
along this stretch of the route as well.
6. Fred Waring Drive (Avenue 44) to Indio Boulevard
This section represents the northerly most segment of the project. The east side of the
ROW adjoins the City of Indio along its entire length. The west side of the ROW adjoins
unincorporated Riverside County (Bermuda Dunes) as well as a small section of Indio.
Presently, this portion of the route comprises a two lane road with no center median. Country
Club Drive intersects the west side of Jefferson Street near the northern end of the segment.
Maximum ROW through this section is 120 feet. Legally, this final leg of the project lies in
Sections 16 and 17, Township 5 South, Range 7 East (fig. 3). Elevations range from a
maximum of approximately 55 feet above sea level at Fred Waring Drive (south) to a minimum
of 40 feet at Indio Boulevard (north).
Topographically, the majority of the west side of the ROW comprises a series of
undulating dune and sand fields (Plate V:top). The dunes at the intersection of Jefferson Street
and Country Club Drive are quite elevated above the roadway ( Plate V:bottom). The southern
half of the east side of the ROW adjoins resort development, the northern half abuts rolling
sand fields. Native vegetation along this portion of the route is composed of members of the
creosote bush and shadscale scrub communities.
Disturbance along this segment is quite widespread, the most noticeable comprising a
portion of the Heritage Palms Country Club on the east side of the ROW. On the west side of
the ROW, just south of Country Club Drive, a large spoils area has been created in conjunction
with an adjoining residential tract. Within the northern half of the segment, earthen berms have
been created to prevent runoff from heavy rains from inundating the roadway. However,
underground utilities appear to be less intrusive along this stretch of the route.
-13- 106
Plate V
Top: Looking north up western side of Jefferson Street from 200 yds. north of Fred Waring
Drive. Bottom: Looking north toward Indio Blvd. from just south of Country Club Drive.
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107
B. Geographic Settine
The study area is situated in the Coachella Valley which comprises the northwestern
comer of the Colorado Desert or "low desert" province. The southern part of the valley forms
the northern half of the Salton Basin --the province's largest low area. The basin is currently
occupied by the Salton Sea, a man-made lake. However, the major drainage from the Colorado
Desert is into the Salton Basin (Norris and Webb 1976:149). Thus, the current body of water
was preceded by a series of natural prehistoric lakes, the most recent of which is known as
"Lake Cahuilla."
The Salton Basin is underlain by thick Cenozoic sedimentary materials of primarily
terrestrial (i.e. non -marine) origin. The sediments west of the Salton Sea comprise, soft, easily
eroded fine-grained material known as the Palm Springs Formation. The sediments deposited
by the former natural lakes comprise similar soft beds of weakly consolidated siltstones and
clays (ibid. 153).
Today, our study area encompasses two geographic regions. The first, which accounts
for the southern one-third of the project alignment (south of Avenue 50), consists of the
featureless playa left behind by the receding shoreline of Lake Cahuilla following its last high
stand some 400-500 years ago. The second, which comprises the northern two-thirds of the
study area (north of Avenue 50), is the southern edge of the Myoma Dunes which once
bordered the edge of Lake Cahuilla at its highest stand. These mounded dunes, which acquired
their sand from the W itewater River drainage, were apparently formed by mesquite thickets:
Mounded dunes lacking slip faces apparently were formed by
deposition among mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) thickets that grew
in response to the high water table during the recent stands of Lake
Cahuilla. The mesquite continued to crown out the tops of the dunes
as they gradually rose to heights of up to 35 or 40 feet. Many of the
mesquite thickets that crown these dunes have ring -shaped growth
patterns many yards across. They are probably clones, arisen from a
single plant, and if so, are not less than 500 years old. There are also
interdune: basins with elevations of less than +42 feet, the level of the
last stand of Lake Cahuilla. (Wilke 1978:63)
-15-
Although the current north shore of the Salton Sea is situated more than 15 miles south
of the southern terminus of Jefferson Street, the environmental history of the study area is
largely equivalent to the histories of the various bodies of water that have occupied the basin.
In fact, it would not be possible to understand the prehistory and history of the area without
some familiarity with the advances and recessions of the lakeshore back and forth across the
study area.
C. Hydrology Lake Cahuilla and the Salton Sea
When William Phipps Blake, the first geologist known to enter
the Salton basin, crossed the area in 1853, he correctly surmised that
the basin's floor lay below sea level. He further suggested that
construction of the deltaic barrier by the Colorado River had isolated
the northern extremity of the Gulf of California, allowing it to
evaporate and form the extensive salt flats he observed (there was no
Salton Sea at that time). Later investigations confirmed the existence
of elevations below sea level, but they also showed that the basins'
history was considerably more complicated than Blake had realized.
(Norris and Webb 1976:151).
The history of Lake Cahuilla and its predecessors remains conjectural even today. In
all probability, the basin was inundated on more than one occasion by distributaries of the
Colorado River delta. The distributary courses shifted back and forth between the Gulf of
Cafifomia and the Salton Basin. After prolonged periods of deprivation, the basin would dry
up only to be refilled when one or more distributaries reverted back to the Salton Basin
drainage.
Wilke places the beginning of the last prehistoric stand of the Lake, i.e., Lake Cahuilla,
at about 900 A.D. when a prolonged diversion of the Colorado River into the Salton Basin is
believed to have begun (Wilke 1978:33). The basin filled to a level of approximately 42 feet
above sea level leaving tufa deposits on the rocks around its edge. It comprised a substantial
body of water extending from some 20 miles north of the Mexican border to the Myoma Dunes
5n
109
near the present day community of Bermuda Dunes. Wilke estimates its maximum width at
about 34 miles and its maximum depth at about 315 feet.
The lake is believed to have desiccated some 400-500 years ago when its distributary
from the Colorado River delta reverted back to the Gulf of California. The whole process,
which may have required only 60 years (ibid. 109), resulted in the barren playa found by Blake
when he surveyed the; area in 1853. However, it would not be long before the lake would be
reformed, this time as a human -induced phenomenon.
Real estate promotions and farming development in the Imperial Valley during the late
19th century had drastically increased the demand for water. A series of canals were built from
the Colorado River in response to this new demand. Subsequent silting in of the canals created
a demand for increased water flow which caused the canal flood control gates to be by passed
while new facilities were under construction. As luck would have it, an episode, of intense
flooding occurred at this inopportunistic time.
The first important flood to occur during this perilous situation
was in January 1905, followed by three large flash floods in February.
By then the river was out of control, and considerable water was
entering the canal system. The engineers in charge hoped to close the
gaps in the west bank during the normal period of low water before
the late spring floods. This period failed to materialize, and during the
late summer attempts to plug the gaps were curtailed by continued
high water.
Early in the summer of 1905, about 16 percent of the river was
entering the canal system, and by October virtually the entire
Colorado River was flowing into the valley. The Southern Pacific
Railroad tracks had been inundated, and the company built a new
barrier. Unfortunately, a violent flash flood in November again
allowed much of the river to enter the valley. In early 1906, new
control gates were completed, and the river was finally contained on
4 November 1906, On 10 December, still another violent flash flood
swept down the river, and the entire flow once again poured into the
New rivers and into the valley. On 11 February 1907, the breach was
sealed for the last time. The level of the Salton Sea then stood at 198
feet (60 m.) below sea level, its highest point. (Norris and Webb
1976:166).
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1101
D. Biotic Resources
1. Lacustrian
Naturally, the drastic changes in the lake level concomitantly affected local biotic
resources. The prehistoric biology of the region is surprisingly well-known thanks to various
archaeological studies, particularly those of Wilke (1978) to whom the reader is referred for
additional information and references.
It is believed that about 400-500 years ago, the shoreline of Lake Cahuilla transected
the northern two-thirds of the study area at the foot of the Myoma Dunes (currently "Bermuda
Dunes"). The shore is thought to have comprises an extensive shallow water marshland with
a gently sloping gradient and silty or muddy bottom. Wilke thinks that the marshy zone may
have been up to a mile wide in places and was probably quite irregular in shape. He infers the
presence of vast stands of cattail (Typhus), reed (Phragmites australis), and tule or bulrush
(Scirpius, ibid. 39). McWilliams has suggested that the shoreline in the vicinity of the present-
day intersection of Country Club Drive and Jefferson Street formed a bay or cove and that
some of the dunes or higher elevations may have formed islets (McWilliams 1971:3)
The freshwater lake would have supported several forms of lacustrine fauna including
mussels (Anadonta dejecta) and, to judge by the modern lower Colorado River (which would
have furnished the water which formed the lake), some five species of fish: humpback sucker
(Xyrauchen tetanus), Colorado River bonytail chub (Giloa elegans), Colorado River squawfish
(Ptychocheilus lucius), stiped mullet (Mugil cephalus), and desert pupfish (Cyprinodon
macularius c.). In addition, water fowl such as pelicans (Pelicanus erythrorhyncos),
cormorants (Phalacrocoraz auritus), and herons (Ardea herodias) would also have established
themselves on the lake's islands and shoreline.
Of course, the biotic resources of the lake would have been supplemented by those of
the surrounding creosote bush scrub community. Most important among the floral resources
of this community from an archaeological perspective were the mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)
and screwbean (Prosopis puhescens). Both of these plants provided edible beans which were
among the staples of the local aboriginal diet. Cottontail and jackrabbits constituted another
particularly important resource commonly found in the creosote scrub community.
2. Desert
As Lake Cahuilla desiccated, the lacustrian fauna died off and the biota of the study area
once again became dominated by its desert alkali sink flora. Like the creosote bush scrub
community, the alkali sink flora tended to be dominated by deep-rooted plants such as
mesquite:
The Mesquite... is the most dominant tree at the lower
elevations [around Mecca). It heralds in the spring with its bright
green leaves. The yellow catkin -like blossoms attract bees and are a
source of excellent honey. It is called honey mesquite. The straight
long pods (like string beans) are nutritious and are a source of food
for cattle and wild animals. Indians and early pioneers ground the dry
pods and made them into flour. The dry beans or pods are sweet.
When I was teaching here at the Mecca school I often found
dry mesquite pods in the desks of the Indian pupils who relished them.
(Foulkes 1985:21).
Screwbean also grows in the alkali sink zone, often in the same thickets as mesquite.
Desert mistletoe, a parasite which feeds and sometimes kills both the mesquite and screwbean
trees, is a third common floral species.
Other native alkali sink species which survive in the playa area and canyons around
Mecca today include cat's claw (Acacia greggii) and ironwood (Olneya tesota). The latter,
which is found mostly in canyons and sandy washes, yield seed pods which are said to taste like
peanuts when roasted. It is also said that the Indians enjoyed them (ibid. 22). Characteristic
alkali sink shrubs include pickleweed (Allenrolfea occidentalis, lowland purslane (Sesvvium
verrucosum), and quail bush or giant saltbush (Atriplex lentiformis; see Wilke 1978:31 for
additional species).
Animal life in the alkali sink is also similar to that in the creosote bush scrub although
it is considerably more sparse. Jackrabbit and desert kit fox are probably the most: important
species although various rodents including kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and ground
squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurs) also inhabit the zone.
3. Present Agriculture
The Coachella Valley, especially the lower reaches, comprise a very rich agricultural
region. The first commercial date offshoots, which had been brought from Algeria by Bernard
Johnson, were planted in Mecca in 1903. While the valley is probably best known for its date
palms, citrus also comprises an important crop (white and pink grapefruit as well as lemons,
oranges, tangerines, tangelos, and limes). Other crops include asparagus, a particularly
valuable cash crop, and grapes, which ripen early in this low desert area (Foulkes 1985:16).
A few of the ranchers still use water from artesian wells to irrigate their crops but today the
vast majority of the water comes from the Colorado River via the Coachella branch of the All
American Canal.
E. Cultural Settine
No early prehistoric aboriginal activity has ever been documented in the Coachella
Valley. However, by late prehistoric times (say after about 1,000 A.D.), human activity seems
to have abounded. During this late prehistoric period, the valley was the home of the Desert
Cahuilla Indians, a hunting and gathering people who spoke a Shoshonean dialect. The reader
may find full ethnographic accounts of the Cahuilla in a number of works including Barrows
(1900), Kroeber (1908; 1925), Strong (1929) and Bean (1978). The primary published source
of information on the prehistoric archaeology of the region is P.J. Wilke's Late Prehistoric
Human Ecology at Lake Cahuilla, Coachella Valley, California (1978).
1. Prehistoric Occupation of the Lake Cahuilla Shoreline
Archaeological evidence clearly indicates that the northern shoreline of Lake Cahuilla
was fairly heavily populated during the last high stand of the lake some 400-600 years ago.
Today the area consists of sandy washes, hillocks, and dunes bearing numerous small
prehistoric sites. Typically, these consist of scatters of Tizon brown and Colorado Buff ware
potsherds mixed with fire -cracked rock, occasional ground stone milling implements, and
chipped stone tools (arrow points, scrapers, etc.). These represent mesquite gathering sites,
camps of various sizes, and in a few cases, village sites.
-20-
113
Although no one knows what the human population of the shoreline was, it seems
reasonable to assume that it was quite substantial by local prehistoric standards. Wilke has
investigated the ecology of Lake Cahuilla's shoreline inhabitants in a study based partly upon
the contents of coprolites (dried human fecal matter) collected from surfaces of sites in the
Myoma Dunes area. He summarized his conclusions as follows:
Investigation of 109 coprolites and faunal and floral remains,
mostly from the Myoma Dunes in Coachella Valley, reveals the nature
of aboriginal subsistence practices. Identified food residues indicate
that subsistence was oriented primarily to the open waters and
marshes, with heavy reliance on the adjacent low desert flora. Seeds
of bulrush of several species, cattail, witchgrass, cattail, pollen, fish,
and aquatic birds were all derived from the aquatic setting.
Screwbean pods, seeds of lowland purs➢ande... and a variety of the
desert floor and lower mountain slopes ... The restricted seasonal
availability of certain plant foods and aquatic birds suggest that the
Myoma Dunes locality was occupied the year round. (Wilke
1978:128).
Thus it appears that the Cahuilla Indians who resided next to the lake were well -adapted
to both the lacustrine and desert environments. In all probability, the latter adaptation had
developed prior to the appearance of the lake. In any event, it has been estimated that within
a period of some 25 years, the lake evaporated to the extent that it would no longer support
most of its dependent aquatic life and that within 55 years, it had disappeared altogether due
to evaporation (ibid. 129).
2. The Desert Cahuilla
The Cahuilla themselves seem to have believed that their ancestors followed the
lakeshore southward as it retreated into the basin. This belief is reflected in the first
ethnographically recorded Cahuilla legend as told to William Blake in 1853:
When questioned about the shore -line and water marks of the ancient
lake, the chief gave an account of a tradition they have of a great
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114
water (agua grande) which covered the whole valley and was filled
with fine fish. There was also plenty of geese and ducks. Their
fathers lived in the mountains and used to come down to the lake to
fish and hunt. The water gradually subsided "poco," "poco" (little by
little,) and their villages were moved down from the mountains, into
the valley it had left. They also said that the waters once returned
very suddenly and overwhelmed many of their people and drove the
rest back to the mountains. (Blake 1856:98).
The "mountains" probably refer to the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south and west of
the study area from whence most of the Cahuilla clans were supposed to have emanated
(Strong 1929:Tables 3 & 4, pp. 41f.). Thus, it would appear that these informants were either
unaware of, or discounted, the archaeologically documented lakeshore occupation discussed
above.
In any event, the legend seems to indicate that villages were built on the playa as the
lake receded. Also, some of the lakeside inhabitants may have returned to upland areas with
the concomitant reduction in pressure on rapidly depleting water resources. Since potable
water was no longer available from the lake (which would have become very brackish), the
Cahuilla turned to drawing water from springs, artesian wells, and, in some cases, excavated
walk-in wells. These are somewhat romantically described by Barrows:
For generations they [the Cahuillas] have been well diggers. Their
very occupation of the desert was dependent upon their discovery of
this art. The whole valley of the Cabeson is dotted with wells, most
of then marking sites of homes long ago abandoned...These wells are
usually great pits with terraced sides leading down to the narrow hole
at the bottom where the water sparkles, built in such a way that a
woman with an olla on her head can walk to the ver water's edge and
dip her painted vessel full. (Barrows 1900:27).
By historic times there is evidence that the Cahuilla practiced limited irrigation and
agriculture. However, we may assume that the traditional food sources were the most
important during the final days of the prehistoric era. These would have included mesquite and
screwbean pods in addition to rabbits and other small game.
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Testimony to the success of the adjusted lifestyle may be found in the fact that when
the U.S. Land Office surveyors entered the Coachella Valley in the mid-19th century„ they
found and recorded some twenty-two villages, many of which may have had as many as 100
or more occupants (Wilke 1978:120).
3. Ethnographically Recorded Cahuilla
In 1929, William Duncan Strong published his classic Aboriginal Society in Southern
California, a work which includes a detailed study of the villages in the southern end of the
Coachella Valley. Strong's informants were elderly Cahuilla whose recollection extended back
into the mid-19th century. They were able to provide our best details regarding the; character
of the local villages. Strong's comments with regard to the subsistence patterns of the villages
are particularly enlightening:
The essential thing to any community, especially to one living
in the desolate environment of the desert, is water, and it is around the
natural water holes and artificial wells that the Desert Cahuilla were
grouped. It appears to have been possible for several clans to use one
water hole or well, and yet to be almost independent of each other in
every other regard. Where there was more than enough water for
domestic purposes a little farming was carried on, each clan having its
allotted area for this purpose. Within the memory of all informants
questioned, both corn and wheat were raised in these small patches,
and doubtless other vegetables, such as melons, beans, and squash.
Francisco [Hombre, b. 1849 or thereabouts) was told by his
grandfather that before the Mexicans came the Desert Cahuilla had
only com; this they did not raise but traded for with the Yuma Indians
of the Colorado River area. The staple foods, however, appear to
have been the beans of the various mesquite trees, a great variety of
cactus, and similar native plants of the desert.
acepting such irrigable areas as were owned by the individual
clans, the territory in the immediate vicinity of the village was
common ground, but beyond this each clan had certain clusters of
mesquite trees and small districts in the mountains which they owned
and jealously guarded. Within the clan these food -gathering territories
were communally utilized, but in the case of uninvited incursions of
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any alien people, the owners were prepared to fight ... (Strong 1929:39f.).
A typical village was located in an area of dense mesquite tree thickets near a spring or
well. Individual houses contained one or more families but always of the same clan. If
members of two clans occupied a village, each had its own separate irrigated garden (in historic
time).
4. The Cahuilla After European Contact
The Spanish first passed through Cahuilla territory in 1774 during the Juan Batista de
Anza Expedition but Bean believes that they were aware of the existence of Europeans at an
earlier date (Bean 1978:583). In any case, the Spanish found them to be hostile. It was not
until 1819 when the Spanish established several asistencias near Cahuilla territory that they
came into much contact with Europeans. From that point, the Cahuilla began to adopt certain
Spanish cultural elements including the language, religion, and agriculture. Nonetheless, the
Cahuilla still maintained their economy up through the American Invasion of California.
However, a severe smallpox epidemic in 1863 greatly reduced their numbers and left them
relatively defenseless against the constantly increasing number of Americans.
F. Brief Historical Sketch of the Study Area
1. City of Indio
Surveyors of the Southern Pacific Railroad reached the site of the future town of Indio
on March 25, 1872. They reported that the point was 132 miles from Los Angeles and halfway
between Los Angeles and Yuma. "This was an ideal location for a subdivision and it was not
only halfway to Yuma but near an Indian reservation where labor was available and for which
Indio was named, "Indio' being Spanish for Indians" (Nordland 1978:14). The original name
of the town had been "Indian Wells" but this was changed to Indio in 1877 at the request of the
government since there were already several places called Indian Wells on the maps.
The early days of railroad construction were arduous ones for the new town. Water
had to be hauled from a spring known as "Twelve Apostle Palms" located some three miles to
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the northwest. At first, all of the railroad crews stayed in a company bunkhouse and at a 24-
hour restaurant which they called "T-bone." A special bunkhouse with a porch around it to
accommodate outdoor summer sleeping was later built for the engineers and firemen.
Locomotives were housed in a six -bay roundhouse and a car department was built to maintain
the rolling stock. Fuel was stored in the open but problems were encountered since "The heat
of the summer's sun would ignite the coal" (ibid.).
Indio's growth was relatively slow, the population growing to only 50 over the next
twenty years. A.G. Tingman is generally regarded as the father of the City, coming to Indio
in 1877 as a railroad construction boss. He later became the station agent and telegrapher. In
1885 Tingman resigned from his railroad job in order to start the first general store on the
opposite side of the tracks.
Truly the area's first entrepreneur, Tingman purchased 160 acres in Section 23 in 1891.
Three years later he subdivided the property and laid out the townsite of Indio. During the
period from about 1888 to 1898 homesteaders began moving into the region around Indio and
these individuals doubtless became customer's of Tingman's store along with numerous
prospectors. The homesteaders, who had been encouraged by the "Desert Entry" :Homestead
Act, cultivated the land which, given sufficient water, was said to be capable of grooving almost
anything.
The town developed more rapidly during the early 20th century, partly as a result of
railroad activity and partly because the region was becoming famous for its early production
of melons and vegetables. However, the dry air was also an attraction to those suf%ring from
respiratory ailments such as tuberculosis. During 1903, N.O. Nelson arrived in Indio from St.
Louis. He opened a health camp west of the depot about 100 feet north of the tracks. The
camp consisted of a series of tents spaced 20 feet apart and a single open veranda covered with
a tin roof which served as a meeting place. By 1909, the Indio school census included 43
families with 82 children, 44 of whom were school age (ibid. 115).
Growth in Indio was also encouraged by construction of the Metropolitan Water
District Aqueduct. In 1930, Indio became the first incorporated City in the Coachella Valley.
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Fred Koehler and Sons Feed Store became the first business licensed by the new city. The feed
store is still in operation today at its original Fargo Street location.
The depression of the 30's had less affect on Indio than many other cities, thanks to the
payrolls of the aqueduct and railroad workers (Periscope 1984:12). The city's agricultural
economic base also proved to be resistant to the poor economic conditions of the decade. The
prosperity continued into the'40s:
World War 11 brought a sudden influx of population to Indio as
General George S. Patton set up training camps to prepare troops for
desert combat. The Coachella Valley Museum and Cultural Center,
then the residence and professional offices of Dr. and Mrs. Harry
Smiley, was one of several private residences in Indio to provide
housing for the wives and families of soldiers stationed at Camp
Young and other desert training facilities. (ibid.).
Many ofPatton's soldiers later returned to Indio to settle permanently. This insured a
steady post-war growth that has continued to the present. While agriculture remains the most
important single element of the economy, services in connection with commerce, retirement,
recreation, and winter residency have all been growing.
2. City of La Quinta
The name La Quinta has several Spanish translations meaning "country house", "villa",
and the "fifth". According to Gunther (1984:285), the latter translation focuses on traveling
(either by horseback or wagon) through the desert on known trails for four days. The fifth day
was a stopping place or a day of rest and it was at these stopping places that settlements grew_
The first resident of La Quinta was Dean Marshall, owner of a Los Angeles paint company who
moved to the region in the early 1900's. Marshall reportedly had a home near the present
shopping center at Washington Street and Highway I 1 I (Hamilton 1988:17).
Development of the town of La Quinta evolved around the establishment of the La
Quinta Hotel. In the early 1920's, 1400 acres of desert land was purchased by Walter H.
Morgan. Morgan, a native of San Francisco, was the son of John S. Morgan, wealthy owner
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of the Morgan Oyster Company. Like so many others of his day, health reasons brought
Walter Morgan to the Coachella Valley (Brown 1985:210).
With the help of Pasadena architect Gordon Kaufman, Morgan constructed his La
Quinta Hotel in 1926. The secluded retreat, was named after a "Mexican Hacienda" of similar
name. Construction of the original six cottages (or casitas) cost an estimated $150,000. The
Spanish Colonial Revival style buildings required over .100,000 adobe bricks, 60,000 roof tiles,
and 5,000 floor tiles (ibid.). According to Mellon and Associates (1997), Walter Morgan's
house and the 268-room hotel were also constructed in 1926. Other associated buildings
including "La Casa" and the Cyrus Pierce House were later added in 1927 and 1929
respectively.
The hotel soon became a hideout retreat for several celebrities. President 'Dwight D.
Eisenhower reportedly used the hotel as his western White House retreat during his presidency
and after his retirement. Hollywood celebrities also found tranquility at La Quinta as well.
Some of the stars who relaxed at the hotel included Frank Capra, Charlie Chaplin, Bette Davis,
Errol Flynn, Myrna Loy, and Groucho Marx (Periscope 1984:27).
Following the; death of Walter Morgan in 1931, the La Quinta Hotel changed hands
many times. Some of the subsequent investors included John Gilbert and Greta Garbo, the
Desert Development Company (Harry Kenner), John Balaban, and Leonard Ettleson
(Periscope 1984:26; :Brown 1985:210). Although the resort originally had a nine -hole golf
course, it was Ettleson who revitalized golf in La Quinta. He created the La Quinta Country
Club in 1957. Fifteen years later he hired professional golfers Ernie Vossler and .foe Walser
as consultants for a new course. Vossler and Walser were also senior vice-presidents of
Landmark Land Company, Inc. After recognizing the investment potential of the hotel and
surrounding undeveloped land, Landmark Land Company, Inc. purchased the property from
Ettleson in 1977 (Brown 1985:210).
In the early 1980's, the hotel opened both a golf and tennis club. Today, the facility
offers two world class golf courses as well a 22-court tennis club that is ranked among the best
in the United States (Periscope 1984:27). Consequently, the La Quinta Hotel is still a mecca
for vacationers and sports enthusiasts.
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The cove community of La Quinta was laid out on a grid system with the major roads
situated along 1/4, 1/2 and whole section lines. The rest of the grid was laid out on fractional
sections to maximize the density of the community. La Quinta was accessed from Highway
I I I by Marshall Street (now Washington Street) and Eisenhower Drive. Avenue 52 provided
the easterly access. Interestingly, in the early development days of the Coachella Valley,
Washington Street in La Quinta was recognized as somewhat of a dividing line. Generally, the
resort cove communities were located to the west of Washington Street. To the east, one
would find agricultural land and related businesses (ibid. 28). Although citrus and date related
agriculture contributed to the development of La Quinta and the surrounding environs, it was
La Quinta's well -established reputation as a destination resort that gave the city its identity.
More so today than ever before, La Quinta continues to attract multitudes of visitors to its
world class golf courses and resorts.
According to Mellon and Associates (1997:8f.), "The Cove" was La Quinta's first
residential subdivision. Originally known as the Santa Carnelita de Vale subdivision, the tract
was subdivided by E.S. "Hang" Keiner between 1933 and 1937. Houses were generally small
and their construction resembled that of the La Quinta Hotel (Spanish Colonial Revival).
Approximately 94 houses were built between 1935 and 1950. However, in the last half of this
century, the Cove has witnessed extensive build out. La Quinta was officially incorporated as
Riverside's 19th city on May 1, 1982.
3. Coachella Canal/All-American Canal
A variety of both technological and political quirks sparked the desire to replace the old
Alamo Canal with a new "All American" canal to be located entirely within the boundaries of
the United States. The primary purpose of the canal was to provide irrigation water to the
Imperial Valley. At a later date, the Coachella Branch of the All -American Canal would be
constructed to convey water to the Coachella Valley for similar agricultural uses.
The Imperial Valley branch of the All -American Canal is some 80-miles long. The
intake for the canal is on the Colorado River at the Imperial Diversion Dam which is located
approximately 15-miles northeast of Yuma, Arizona and 5-miles north of Laguna Dam. The
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1936 Imperial Irrigation District map showing the proposed Imperial Valley Power project and
the future All -American Canal line to the Coachella Valley.
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canal is concrete lined and has a maximum section width of 250 feet with a bottom width of
160 feet. Depth varies from 16 to about 21 feet (Calexico Chamber of Commerce n.d.).
A unique feature of the canal is that it is always flowing downhill, negating costly
pumping stations. To take advantage of the natural flow of water, hydroelectric plants have
been installed at four of the drops and at Pilot Knob on the Colorado River where excess water
is discharged back through the Rockwood Heading (Hoover et al. 1966:111). To prevent the
buildup of silt in the canal, a large complex of settling ponds were constructed (Lantis et al.
1977:61).
Congress first considered bills on the new canal project in 1918 and 1919. In 1922,
approval for dam and canal projects by states through which the Colorado River flows was
secured in the Colorado River Compact. From 1922 to 1928 four additional bills known as the
"Swing Johnson Bills" were introduced into both houses of Congress. The last of the bills
(1928) provided for construction of Hoover Dam and the All -American Canal (Hoover et al.
1966:110).
However, financial support for the canal project did not come until the Congressional
passage of the Boulder Canyon Act of 1928 and availability of Public Works funds in 1933
(Lantis et al. 1977:61). Actual construction of the canal did not begin until 1934. Phil Swing,
co-author of the Swing Johnson Bills, was one of the men credited for getting the legislation
passed (Hoover et al. 1966:111; Henderson 1968:21). It took many years to cut the 80-mile
long canal through the Sand Hills and into the Imperial Valley, with the first water diverted into
Imperial Dam in 1940 (Lantis et al. 1977:61).
It was not until 1938 when the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) began
construction of the 123.5-mile branch of the All -American Canal to the Coachella Valley (fig.
4). Its construction was interrupted by World War II and was finally finished in 1948. Canal
water first reached the valley in 1949 (Nordland 1978:10). The terminus of the 123.5 mile
Coachella Branch of the All -American Canal is Lake Cahuilla (Terminal Reservoir) in La
Quinta. It is primarily used for regulatory storage but Riverside County operates a regional
park there which is open for fishing and other aquatic activities (ibid. 101).
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4. Whitewater River/Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel
Through the ages, the Whitewater River has sent flood waters streaming through the
Coachella Valley. With each flood, debris comprising gravel, sand, silt, clay as well as other
man-made debris have been redeposited along its path. By 1915, the townspeople of the
communities of Indio, Coachella, and Thermal realized that they needed protection from such
flooding events. Cons(Nuently, necessity to control the flows through channelization prompted
the creation of the Indio Levee District and the Coachella Stormwater District. The latter
district would eventually merge with the Coachella Valley County Water District (now the
CVWD) in 1937 (Nordland 1978:18f).
The Indio Levee District soon initiated plans to divert the flood waters from Township
5 South, Range 7 East around the town of Indio. Plans included diverting waters at Point
Happy into a channel that would connect with a similar channel from Thousand Palms Wash.
The combined flow of the channels would then flow away from Indio, southeast of Coachella
to Thermal.
Originally, the: Point Happy channel included a 4-mile alignment. However, only the
first mile of levee was completed prior to the 1916 flood which was regarded as the worst and
most devastating of all 20th century floods in the region. Besides washing out much of the
valley floor, 11 miles of the Southern Pacific Railroad roadbed were destroyed.
In the late 1960's, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers widened and improved the section
of Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel (aka Whitewater River) between Point Happy and
Thermal (including the: section that falls within our study area.). The improvements were, made
as part of a 1.5 million dollar flood damage restoration project (ibid. 101).
Today, the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel is maintained by the Coachella Valley
Water District (CVWD). Controlling the Whitewater River has allowed several communities,
developments, and golf courses throughout the valley to straddle the banks of this ancient and
unpredictable watercourse.
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5. La Quinta Evacuation Channel
The La Quinta Evacuation Channel is an earthen channel measuring approximately 2.5
miles in length with a 240 ft. wide easement. It was excavated circa 1979 by the CVWD for
the purpose of diverting excess flood waters away from the City of La Quinta. The channel
begins near the intersection of Avenue 50 and Washington Street and drains to the northeast.
It continues to meander into Indio where it flows into the Coachella Valley Stormwater
Channel northeast of the intersection of Highway I I I and Jefferson Street (Berryman 1977).
M. RESEARCH DESIGN
A. Previous Research
The primary published source of information on the prehistoric archaeology of the
region is P.A. Wilke's Late Prehistoric Human Ecology at Lake Cahuilla, Coachella Valley,
California (1978). Also of interest in this regard are two unpublished papers by McWilliams
(1970, 1971). These works relate to the archaeology of Lake Cahuilla at its highest stand; a
time when the northern two-thirds of the alignment lay along the shoreline of the lake.
There are some good sources on the ethnographically known villages which sprang up
around the various wells and springs after Lake Cahuilla dried up. The primary source is
William Duncan Strong's Aboriginal Society in Southern California (1929); most of the later
works comprising rehashes of Strong's study (see Bean [1978] for the latest work and
additional references).
Much of the published history of La Quinta and Indio have appeared in the Periscope,
an annual magazine published by the Coachella Valley Historical Society. Another invaluable
source of local history is the Coachella Valley County Water District's Coachella Valley's
Golden Years (Nordland 1978). Several other more focused volumes also proved helpful
including Cecilia Foulkes' Mecca, a California Desert History (1985) and Francis J. Johnston's
The Bradshaw Trail (1987). Collectively, these works provide a reasonably thorough
background history of the region although it is necessary to assemble the various pieces for
oneself. In-depth individual histories of the local cities are notably lacking.
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B. Research Goals
The goals of our research were to identify known locations of potential significance
situated within the Jefferson Street ROW. Our hypotheses were as follows:
(1) Prehistoric sites may be clustered along the 40-43 foot elevation contour which
adjoins the northern two-thirds of the alignment because this was the former shoreline of Lake
Cahuilla.
(2) Prehistoric sites dating to post -Lake Cahuilla times would be found around water
sources which survived the dessication of the lake. Water sources available to the aboriginals
(wells and springs) may have been located both east .and west of the alignment regardless of
elevation.
Typically, prehistoric sites in the upper Coachella Valley comprise scatters of potsherds,
fire -affected rock, chipped stone implements, and at times, human cremations. Pottery sherds,
of both the Tizon Brown and Colorado Buff varieties are perhaps the most abundant indicator
of prehistoric activity in the region.
(3) Historic sites in the region are connected with early farming, ranching, date palm
or citrus activities. Lacking standing structures, remains of these homesteads and farmsteads
typically comprises concrete, cobble or adobe structure foundations, irrigation systems and
trash scatters. However, not all debris scatters (e.g. tin can, glass, crockery) can be connected
to a particular home or farmstead. In many instances, isolated scatters of dumped historic
debris represent nothing more that illicitly discarded rubbish.
In summary, we anticipated identify three types of cultural resources that may be found
within the project APE. The first, which would comprise prehistoric lake shore camps and
activity areas, would be concentrated north of Avenue 50. The second would consist of late
prehistoric and early historic villages around springs and wells located in the vicinity of the
ROW at any elevation. The third would represent the vestiges of early 20' century home or
farmsteads connected with agriculture.
IV. METHODS
A. Literature/Archival Research
33 �26
1. Archaeological Records Search
A records search of the study area was conducted by Ms. Laurie White at the Eastern
Information Center, University of California at Riverside on December 23, 1997. The search
entailed a review of: 1) all previously recorded prehistoric and historic archaeological sites
adjacent to or within 1/4-mile of Jefferson Street, and 2) all survey reports conducted along the
six mile route. Additionally, the National Register of Historic Places, California Historical
Landmarks, California Points of Iiistorical Interest, and the California State Office of Historic
Preservation's Historic Resources Inventory (HRI) were reviewed for the purpose of identifying
any historic properties within a 1/4-mile of the alignment.
a. Previously Surveyed Areas
The records search revealed that much of the study area has been previously surveyed
for cultural resources as part of several larger projects. In fact, approximately 4.4 miles or 73%
of the right-of-way (ROW) adjacent to the western side of Jefferson Street has been surveyed
for cultural resources. Basically, almost the entire length of this side of Jefferson Street has
been surveyed south of Highway 111. In contrast, 2.5 miles or 42% of the eastern side of
Jefferson Street has been previously surveyed. Generally, this comprises portions of the APE
at the northern and southern limits of the study area.
b. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites
The results of the search indicated that this portion of the Coachella Valley is very
sensitive for archaeological resources. A total of 40 previously recorded sites are recorded
within 1/4-mile of the alignment. The majority of these comprise prehistoric habitation sites
(18) which vary in size. These sites typically include combinations of pottery, lithics,
groundstone, fire -altered rock, bone and charcoal. Additionally, human cremations are known
from at least two of the eighteen habitation sites. Remaining site categories comprise artifact
scatters (12), potsherd scatters (7), and historic trash scatters (3). Each site is briefly
characterized in Table 1.
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TABLE 1
Archaeological sites within a 1/4-mile of the study area.
Site Number Description
RIV-1171
Habitation site
RIV-1176
Habitation site
RIV-1177
Habitation site
RIV-1178
Habitation site with cremation
RIV-1303
.Artifact scatter
RIV-1637
.Artifact scatter
RIV-1638
Artifact scatter
RIV-1769
:Habitation site
RIV-1770
Potsherd scatter
RTV-1971
.Artifact scatter
RTV-1972
Artifact scatter
RIV-2842
Artifact scatter
RIV-3667
Potsherd scatter
RIV-3668
Potsherd scatter
RIV-3795
Artifact scatter
RIV-5332
Potsherd scatter
RIV-5333
Habitation site
RIV-5334
Artifact scatter
RIV-5340
Habitation site
RIV-534.2
Artifact scatter
RIV-5343
Habitation site
RTV-5344
Artifact scatter
RIV-5345
Habitation site
RIV-5346
Habitation site
RTV-5347
Artifact scatter
RIV-5351
Artifact scatter
RIV-5764
Habitation site
RTV-5765
Habitation site
RIV-5766
Potsherd scatter
RTV-5770
Habitation site
RIV-5771
Habitation site
RIV-5772H
Trash scatter
RW-5773
Habitation site
RIV-5775
Habitation site
RIV-5778
Potsherd scatter
RIV-5828
Habitation site
RIV-6059
Potsherd scatter
RIV-6060
Habitation site with cremation
LAQ3-TI (temporary q)
Trash scatter
LAQ4-H (temporary >f)
Trash scatter
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�•�� 1?8
c. Archaeological Sites Located Adjacent to the APE
Following a review of the site forms, five of the forty archaeological sites (RIV-1178,
RIV-1638, RIV-5344, RIV-5345, and RIV-6060) were considered to lie near the APE (within
30 meters). Each is briefly discussed in the following paragraphs:
RIV-1178
RIV-1178 was originally recorded by Phil Wilke in 1972. The site was found to
comprise two separate areas (Locus A & B) located northeast of the intersection of Jefferson
Street and Nrghway 111. Locus A (identified as CV-114) was characterized as a small portion
of a much larger site comprising basketry and cordage, human coprolites, and shell beads.
Wilke noted that much of this area "has already been destroyed by construction".
Locus B ofRIV-1178 (identified by Wilke as CV-125) was described as a heavy surface
scatter of artifacts situated on a large sand dune. Cultural material observed at this location
included a large potsherd scatter, ash pits, one human cremation, concentrations of fired clay,
fish bones, and some shell beads. In conjunction with his dissertation work, Wilke's
investigation of the site included a surface collection of a sample of the finds.
RIV-1178 was revisited in 1977 by Stan Berryman, M. Fox, and B. Welker in
conjunction with investigations for the proposed La Quinta Evacuation Channel. Berryman
noted that the site had witnessed extensive use and that it either represented a single village site
or a combination of several campsites. Although Berryman stated that the site (large dune) had
been partially disturbed by a grocery store (Circle K) and housing, he still found RIV-1178 to
be of "National Register quality". Consequently, he recommended that either the site be
preserved by realignment of the channel route or that a salvage excavation program be
implemented (Berryman 1977).
It is presently unknown if the site was ever salvage excavated as no report is on file with
the Eastern Information Center. According to Berryman, the channel was not realigned around
the site and he personally did not conduct any further work at RIV-1178 (1999:pers. comm.).
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RIV-1638
RIV-1638 was recorded by Steve McWilliams in the 1970's and described as an
occupation site containing a midden deposit, potsherds, lithic scatter, and some stone and bone
items. The site was reported to lie on both sides of Jefferson Street near Indio Boulevard.
The western portion of RIV-1638 (west of Jefferson Street) was reinspected by Scientific
Resource Surveys (SRS) in 1981 as part of a 130-acre survey (Gasser -Henriksen 1982). The
site was found to lie approximately 100 meters west of the roadway. Artifacts observed
included potsherds, lithics, groundstone, bone, and shell. No developed midden was found and
the area had been heavily disturbed by motorcycle traffic. Due to the surficial nature of the site,
mitigation recommendations included surface collection and mapping.
In 1989, Archaeological Associates, under contract to SRS, conducted a controlled
surface collection program on the western portion of RIV-1638 (Scientific Resource Surveys,
Inc. 1989). A re -inspection of the site area confirmed SRS's observation that no archaeological
material was located adjacent to Jefferson Street. With regard to the eastern extension of RIV-
1638 (east of Jefferson Street), this part of the site could not be relocated during CRM TECH's
field reconnaissance of the 383-acre U.S. Home -Heritage Palm property (Love et al. 1994).
RIV-5344
RIV-5344 is characterized as a habitation site consisting of potsherds, lithics, fire -
altered rock, and fragments of schist situated adjacent to Jefferson Street north of Fred Waring
Drive. The site was discovered by CRM TECH during a field reconnaissance of the 383-acre
U.S. Home -Heritage Palms project in 1994 (Love et al. 1994). Mitigation recommendations
for the site included a test program comprised of surface collection, mapping, test unit
excavation, and surface scrapes. Testing of RIV-5344 was conducted by CRM TECH in
September of 1994. Grading monitoring of the site was performed between July -November
of 1995 (Love 1996).
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RIV-5345
RIV-5345 was also recorded in 1994 by CRM TECH during a survey of the 383-acre
U.S. Home -Heritage Palms project (Love et al. 1994). The site is described as a habitation site
consisting of a large concentration of bone fragments and lithic debitage (quartz). It was
recorded north of RIV-5344 adjacent to Jefferson Street. Mitigation recommendations for the
site included a test program comprised of surface collection, mapping, test unit excavation, and
surface scrapes. Testing of RIV-5345 was conducted by CRM TECH in September of 1994.
Grading monitoring of the site was performed between July -November of 1995 (Love 1996).
RIV-6060
RIV-6060 was recorded by Carol Demcak of Archaeological Resource Management
Corporation (ARMC) in 1997. The site is characterized as a small potsherd scatter associated
with a hearth and some fired, unshaped clay. The site was discovered during a reconnaissance
of a 40-acre parcel northeast of the intersection of Avenue 48 and Jefferson Street (Demcak
1997).
In August of 1997, a human cremation was unearthed at RIV-6060 (Mouriquand
1998:pers. comm.). The feature was exposed by equipment during grading for the Avenue 48
improvement project. Preliminary information supplied by the Indio Branch of the Riverside
County Coroners office indicates that the cremation was of a single, adult or sub -adult. C-14
dates for charcoal recovered from the cremation pit are pending (Brock 1998:pers. comm.)
2. Heritage Properties
No National Register sites, California Historical Landmarks, or California Points of
Historical Interest have been identified within a 1/4 mile of the study area. However, one
archaeological site within the APE (RIV-1178) has been determined eligible for the National
Register. In 1978, the Office of Historic Preservation found RIV-1178 and five other sites
outside the APE (RIV-119, 158, 208, 1180, and 1838) eligible as part of the La Quinta
Evacuation Channel Archaeological District. Additionally, the California State Office of
Historic Preservation's Historic Resources Inventory (HRI) identified two historic properties
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within a 1/4-mile of the study area. These comprise the 1929 Spanish Colonial Revival
residence at 80041 Avenue 50 (outside the APE) and the Coachella Canal (Primary # 33-5705).
The canal was constructed in 1948. A small segment of it transects the APE near the southern
project boundary.
3. City of La Quints Historic Resources
Research also included an examination of certain sections of City documents for the
purpose of identifying potential historic resources. A review of the "Cultural Resources"
section of the "Final Environmental Impact Report, City of La Quints 1992 General Plan
Update" by BRW, Inc. (1992) indicated the presence of several historic buildings/structures
within the City that are regarded as locally significant. The list comprises 13 structures
identified by the California Historic Resources Inventory (HRI) in addition to some 11
resources recognized by the La Quinta Historical Society. However, none of these structures
lie within the APE.
In 1997, Mellon and Associates completed a city-wide Historic Resources Survey for
the City of La Quinta. The survey consisted of a systematic windshield survey of every street
within the City. All pre-1950 buildings, sites, and structures were evaluated for architecture,
building type, historical association, location and rarity (Mellon and Associates 1997:3).
The Resources Survey resulted in the identification of 74 historic properties that
appeared eligible for landmark status (National Register and City of La Quinta landmarks). Of
the six resources that appeared eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
one is identified as the La Quinta segment of the Coachella/All-American Canal, a portion of
which crosses the study area. However, this is incorrect as the canal was determined to be
ineligible for the register by the California State Office of Historic Preservation in 1983.
Mellon and Associates also identified two properties within the City as potential historic
cultural landscapes. One of these resources, the Sniff Date Palm Grove, is located adjacent to
the study area at the northwest corner of Avenue 52 and Jefferson Street. The date grove is
said to have been planted by Dana Sniff in 1926.
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132
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Figure 5
1856 GLO plat map for Township 5 South, Range 7 East showing dirt (wagon) road bisecting
Sections 28 and 29.
-40-
133
Figure 6
1941 Army Corps of Engineers' Toro Peak 15' topographic quadrangle showing the
community of La Quinta and surrounding environs.
-41-
134
4. Historic Map Research
In addition to the records search, several historic maps were examined at the Tomas
Rivera Library, University of California at Riverside and at the Bureau of Land Management
(BLM) office in Riverside. Maps reviewed at the BLM included the 1856 U.S. General Land
Office (GLO) plat map for Township 5 South, Range 7 East (surveyed by Washington and La
Croze) and the 1903 U.S. GLO plat map for Township 6 South, Range 7 East (surveyed by
Sickler).
Additionally, several early USGS topographic quadrangles were examined in the map
room at the Tomas Rivera Library. These included the 1904 USGS Indio 30' quadrangle
(surveyed 1901), the 1941 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Toro Peak 15' quadrangle, the 1944
Army Corps of Engineers' (War Department) Toro Peak 15' quadrangle, the 1959 USGS Palm
Desert 15' quadrangle, and the 1959 USGS La Quinta 7.5' topographic quadrangle.
Examination of the 1856 GLO plat map for Township 5 South, Range 7 East shows a
limited amount of cultural activity in the study area. The single feature delineated includes an
east -west oriented dirt (wagon) road that traversed the northern half of Sections 29 and 28 (fig.
5). It appears that this road paralleled a portion of the Whitewater River.
Outside of the study area, a second portion of a dirt (wagon) road oriented north -south
is shown connecting with the aforementioned road in Section 30. An Indian village and well
site are indicated some three miles to the east of the study area in Section 24. No man-made
features are shown on the 1903 GLO plat map for the southern portion of the study area
(Township 6 South, Range 7 East).
The 1941 Army Corps of Engineers' Toro Peak 15' quadrangle gives us the first glimpse
of the location of the La Quinta Hotel resort and adjoining community of La Quinta.
Washington Street served as the main north -south access road while Avenue 52 and a portion
of Jefferson Street provided an east -west route. What few structures/buildings lie outside the
community to the east most likely were connected with agriculture (fig. 6). The 1959 USGS
Palm Desert 15' quadrangle is the first map that actually shows a significant portion of Jefferson
Street. However, at that time Jefferson Street only existed south of Highway 111.
-42-
Ab
5. Homestead Patents
Archival research also included a review of homestead patents on file with the BLM
office in Riverside. In 1885, the Desert Entry Homestead Act was passed which initiated
considerable homesteading in the Indio area. BLM records show that homesteading began in
the vicinity of the study area in the early 1900's. Consequently, several historic homestead
patents (ranging in size from 80 to 160 acres) have been recorded adjoining Jefferson Street.
Specific information on each is listed in Table 2.
6. Assessors Information
The APE was configured to include ten resources that lay within or irmnediately
adjacent to the ROW (see Table 3). All front on Jefferson Street and include private
residences, date palm groves, a small residential tract., and club house. In order to determine
the age of these resources it was necessary to obtain assessors parcel information from both
the Riverside and Palm Springs offices of the County Assessor. The results of this research
indicated that four of the resources are over 45 years of age.
7. Personal Interviews
In order to learn more about the age of the small portion of date grove within the APE,
it was necessary to conduct interviews with both the current owner of Shields Date Garden
(Mr. Richard Wilson) as well as the Riverside County Agriculture Department in :Indio (Mr.
Lynn Gillis). The results of these interview can be found in the Findings section (Section V)
of this report.
B. Field Survev
A field reconnaissance of the study area was conducted by Laurie S. White,, M.A.
(surveyor, SOPA certified) Susan Underbrink (surveyor) and Robert S. White (surveyor &
Principal Investigator) between December 1997 and January 1998. Additional field study was
carried during August'September, 1998 and January/February 1999. As previously mentioned,
the intent of the survey was to identify all potentially significant cultural resources situated
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136
TABLE 2
Homestead Patent Information for the study area.
TOWNSHIP 5 SOUTH. RANGE 7 EAST
Legal - Acres Patent
Description Number
NE & SE 1/4
of the NE 1/4,
also the NE &
SE 1/4 of the
SE 1/4 of
Section 20 160 1017477
NW & SW 1/4
of the NW 114,
also the NW &
SW 1/4ofthe
SW 1/4 of
Section 28 160 498309
NE 1/4 of
Section 32 160 697767
SE 1/4 of
Section 32 160 590814
txalrri.l,9:uzfY.1 R3ii
Legal Acres Patent
Description Number
NW 114 of
Section 4 160 698307
NW & SW 1/4
of the SW 1/4
of Section 4 80 1154186
E 1/2 of the
NE 1/4 of
Section 8 80 1154187
NE & SE 1/4
of the SE 1/4
of Section 8 80 426488
Date Patentee
7/1211928 Wesley E. Morgan
11/10/1915
Raymond J. Merritt
7/11/1919
John K. Adams
7/5/1917
Carlton W. Woodhouse
Date
Patentee
7/14/1919 Ethelbert F. Woodhouse
9/8/1955 Marion P. Walter
9/8/1955 Stephen J. Prociw
8/20/1914 John T. Dupree
M0
137
TABLE 3
Assessor Parcel Information for resources that lay within or adjacent to the ROW.
Resource #
Address
Assessors Parcel No.
Year Built
#1
52250Jefferson St.
772-300-014
1954
#2
(Sniff date grove)
769-480-011-2
1926
#3
50810 Jefferson St.
769-270-008-1
1952 (Demolished)
#4
50400Jefferson St.
769-270-002-5
1963
#5
50110 Jefferson St.
769-270-001
1944-11959
#6
49730 Jefferson St.
649-340-001-3
1958
#7
49450Jefferson St.
649-310-003-2
1978
#8
80-255 Highway 111
649-240-001-4
1950
(Shields date grove)
49
(46480-46055) Jefferson St.
tract (3 examples below)
early 1960s
46480
649-090-009-9
1965
46425
649-071-019-9
1963
46145
649-071-012-2
1961
#10
46080 Jefferson St.
649-080-013-1
1961
(club house)
within the boundaries of the APE. Historic resources include places and structures relating to
significant historic events or having historical or special aesthetic qualities in and of themselves.
Prehistoric resources include Indian sites of all types.
The pedestrian survey began at the southern end of the alignment (Avenue 54) and
proceeded in a northerly direction. The field study was conducted by walking parallel transects
spaced at 5-10 meter intervals along the ROW on either side of the roadway. The width of the
surveyed area varied depending on the maximum width of the ROW for any given section of
the alignment. Where possible, a buffer of approximately 15 feet was added to either side of
the maximum ROW. This buffer area was applicable only to undeveloped land. The survey
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of the designated portions of the Coachella Canal, La Quinta Evacuation Channel and the
Whitewater River (Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel) were conducted in a similar manner.
Due to the archaeological sensitivity of the region, an extra effort was made during the
field reconnaissance to identify any evidence of prehistoric occupation within or immediately
adjacent to the project ROW. Particular attention was paid to: 1) the west side of the ROW
between Avenue 50 and Highway 111 which is undeveloped and comprises sand fields and
dunes, and 2) both sides of the ROW at the northern end of the alignment between Westward
Ho Avenue (Avenue 46) and Indio Boulevard where similar topography can be found. Surface
visibility along the undeveloped portions of the route was generally excellent (approaching
100%).
V. FINDINGS
A. Avenue 54 to Avenue 52
No prehistoric archaeological resources were discovered within this segment of the
Project APE. However, several linear features, a small bridge and a residence were identified
in this section of the project. Each is discussed in the following paragraphs.
1. Coachella Canal/All-American Canal
The Coachella Canal, which crosses the APE alignment north Avenue 53 and south of
Avenue 52, has been identified as a potential City of La Quinta landmark. In 1983 the
Coachella Canal was evaluated by Ceclia Foulkes of the Riverside County Historical
Commission (Primary #33-5705). The Commission determined that the canal was ineligible
for National Register (NR) listing. Consequently, the California State Office of Historic
Preservation (OHP) concurred with the Commission's findings and listed the canal as ineligible
under NR status code 5.
In 1997 Mellon & Associates conducted a windshield survey of the City of La Quinta
with the intent of identifying standing historic structures. They concluded that the canal
"appeared" eligible for inclusion in the National Register and listed the canal as NR status code
3S (1997:8). However, the official status of the canal as currently listed in the Historic
M
139
Resources Inventory maintained by the OHP remains as ineligible under status code 5. In any
event, the proposed widening of the canal crossing, should have no adverse effect on the
historic integrity of the canal itself.
2. Jefferson Street Bridge over Coachella Canal/All-American Canal
The existing, single span bridge over the canal was constructed in 1959 and comprises
precast concrete voided slab girders with asphalt concrete topping. Portions of the abutments
of the existing bridge were reused from the original bridge constructed circa ?9 7 1998).
The existing bridge is purely utilitarian in function and devoid of any interesting engineering or
architectural features. The fact that the current bridge footings were incorporated into those
of the original bridge is an interesting engineering footnote but is of no historical consequence.
Consequently, the Jefferson Street bridge over the canal is not regarded as an historic resource.
Current plans call for upgrading and widening the bridge crossing to a total width of 114 feet.
The new bridge will comprise a precast concrete slab which will match the existing bridge.
3. Irrigation Laterals
Extending to the north and south of the canal within the APE are large, underground
irrigation laterals that convey water for agricultural use. These laterals lie in the ROW on both
the east and west side of Jefferson Street between Avenue 54 and Avenue 48 (3 miles).
Installed between 1948 and 1951, the pipes are constructed from precast concrete and vary in
diameter from 36 to 54 inches. The only above -ground evidence of the laterals comprise
vertical stand pipes which can be seen at intervals along both side of Jefferson Street. This
segment of the irrigation system comprises only a very small portion of the overall distribution
system which is in excess of 600-miles in length. The system is owned by the U.S. Department
of the Bureau of Reclamation and is operated and maintained by the Coachella Valle), Water
District (Schaefer 1999:pers. comm.). Since the path of the laterals fall within the project
limits, current plans call for excavating them, replacing them with new pipe, and relaying them
in the same location(s).
-47- 140
The layout of this portion of the lateral system does not constitute an unusual feat of
engineering nor does the pipeline itself manifest any unique properties of construction. Thus,
the primary intent of the distribution system is to convey irrigation water to agricultural lands
in the simplest and most straightforward manner possible. As has been previously discussed,
the development of citrus and date agriculture has contributed to some degree to the growth
of La Quinta. However, La Quinta's historic identity has always been that of an exclusive,
destination resort and not an agricultural center. Therefore, it is concluded that this portion
of the lateral distribution system does not comprise a significant historical resource.
4. Electrical Transmission Pole Line
An electrical pole line owned and operated by the Imperial Valley Irrigation District lies
on the east side of Jefferson Street. The pole line is composed of 40-45 foot high wooden
poles supporting a 7.2/12.5 kilovolt distribution line. The pole line was constructed to serve
the PGA development to the south and was erected approximately 20-years old (Solis
1999:pers. comm.). The pole line is not significant and does not comprise an historical
resource.
5. Residence at 52250 Jefferson Street (Resource 41)
This single -story Ranch style residence was constructed in 1954. The Ranch style
originated in the mid-1930's with several California architects. It gained popularity in the
1940's and became the dominant architectural style across the country during the 1950's and
1960's (McAlester & McAlester 1990:479). The house is irregular in plan and lies on a slab
foundation. It has a low-pitched, cross -gabled roof with a wide eave overhang. The residence
is wood framed and clad with a combination of stucco and T-111 wood siding. Fenestration
comprises large picture windows and aluminum sliders. A detached garage of similar
construction and style lies to the north. The residence is situated on a large, artificial sand
mound and is set back approximately 125 feet from the edge of pavement. The house is
ubiquitous in design and exhibits no noteworthy architectural elements or construction
techniques. Consequently, it does not comprise a significant historical resource.
MR
Al
B. Avenue 52 to Avenue 50
No prehistoric archaeological resources were discovered within this segment of the
project APE. However, a cultural landscape, several linear features, and two residences (one
standing one demolished) were identified in this section of the project. Each is discussed in
the following paragraphs.
1. Sniff Date Grove (Resource #2)
The Sniff Date Palm Grove is located at the northwest corner of Avenue 52 and
Jefferson Street. Planted in 1926 by Dana Sniff, the grove lies a short distance outside of the
project APE and is regarded as a potential City of La Quinta histofic cultural landscape.
Furthermore, Mellon & Associates (1997) rated the grove as a 5S1 (not eligible for listing in
the National Register of Historic Places but of local interest). As presently configured, the
proposed street widening project will not adversely effect the grove.
2. Irrigation Laterals
See previous section for discussion.
3. Jefferson Street
This one mile segment comprises the oldest portion of Jefferson Street and probably
dates to the late 1930's. The 1941 Toro Peak 15' Topographic map shows that this was a
section of improved roadway. The segment was part of an east -west route that primarily
followed Avenue 52 and Avenue 50 between La Quinta and Highway 86. By 1959, Jefferson
Street had been extended to the south (Avenue 58) and to the north (Highway 111) as
delineated on the 1959 Palm Desert 15' USGS Topographic Quadrangle. It is important to
note that it wasn't until after 1959 that Jefferson Street extended north of Highway 111.
As has been previously discussed, this section of Jefferson Street has been significantly
altered from its original two-lane configuration. Thus, the integrity of this section of Jefferson
Street has been lost and as such does not comprise a historical resource.
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142
4. Electrical Transmission Pole Line
An electrical pole fine owned and operated by the Imperial Valley Irrigation District lies
on the west side of Jefferson Street between Avenue 52 and Highway 111. The pole line is
composed of large, 100 foot high wooden poles supporting a 92 kilovolt line under -built with
a 7.2/12.5 kilovolt distribution line. The pole line was constructed within the last ten years
(Solis 1999:pers. comm.). The pole line is not significant and does not comprise an historical
resource.
5. Residence at 50810 Jefferson Street (Resource #3)
An inspection of this location revealed that the 1952 residence has recently been
demolished. A series of modem concrete slabs and a soil filled swimming pool are all that
remains at the location. The property is landscaped with oleander shrubbery and several palm
trees. Mellon & Associates had previously evaluated one of the structures at this location in
1997. They concluded that the resource was not eligible for the National Register but of
special consideration in planning (NR code 5S3).
6. Residence at 50110 Jefferson Street (Resource ##5)
This small, vernacular cabin is single -story and has a low-pitched, gabled roof sheathed
with galvanized metal. The wood framed structure appears to lie on a slab foundation. A shed
roof addition incorporating the entrance has been attached to the western elevation. A second
addition may have been added to the northern elevation but lack of access failed to confirm this.
The cabin has been recently re -sheathed with T-I I I wood siding and a screened security door
added. A louvered attic register is visible under the roof peak on the southern elevation.
Fenestration comprises 2-over-2 double hung wooden sashes covered with added security bars.
Originally, this structure was probably an outbuilding (storage shed) associated with
agriculture (citrus or dates). No construction date was available for this address through the
Riverside County Assessors Office. However, based upon a review of topographic quadrangles
(1944 Toro Peak and the 1959 Palm Desert 15' ), we known that it was constructed sometime
between 1944 and 1959. The integrity of the structure has been compromised by the
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143
aforementioned alterations. Furthermore, there is nothing unique about the structure as it fails
to exhibit any noteworthy architectural style or construction techniques. Consequently, it does
not comprise a significant historical resource.
The building is situated approximately 25 feet from the pavement edge. It is probable
that the building will be directly impacted by the project as it appears to fall within the project
ROW.
C. Avenue 50 to Avenue 48
No prehistoric resources were discovered within this segment of the project ROW.
However, two linear features comprising irrigation laterals and a pole line were identified in this
section of the projeciL For a discussion of these features, the reader is referred to the two
previous sections (A .and B) for descriptions.
D. Avenue 48 to Westward Ho Avenue (Avenue 46)
The results of the literature review indicated that two prehistoric sites have been
recorded within or in close proximity to the APE along this portion of the project. The
disposition of each is discussed below. Furthermore, a single linear feature, a cultural
landscape and a bridge were identified in this section of the project. These are discussed below
as well.
1. RIV-6060
The results of the literature review indicated that prehistoric site RIV-6060 lay in close
proximity to the ROW at the northwest comer of Jefferson and Avenue 48. The site has been
the focus of recent archaeological investigations :in concert with improvements to the
intersection. Consultation with Ms. Carol Demcak (Archaeological Research Management
Corporation) and Mr. Jim Brock (Archaeological Advisory Group), both of whom have
worked on the site, indicated that RIV-6060 lay outside the limits of the APE. Consequently,
that portion of RIV-6060 which survives outside the APE will not be adversely impacted by
the proposed road widening project.
144
-51-
2. RIV-1178
The literature review also indicated that a portion of prehistoric site RIV-1178 had been
recorded within the APE immediately northeast of the intersection of Highway I I I and
Jefferson Street. Furthermore, the site had been determined eligible for the National Register
of Historic Places as part of the La Quinta Evacuation Channel Archaeological District.
However, commercial and residential development has destroyed that portion of the site
adjacent to the east side of Jefferson Street and north of Highway 111. Surviving portions of
the site, if any, will not be adversely impacted by the project.
3. Electrical Transmission Pole Line
This transmission pole alignment ends at Highway 111. For a complete description of
the feature see Section B above.
4. Shields Date Palm Grove
During the field reconnaissance, the westerly edge of a date grove was encountered
within the APE adjacent to the La Quinta Evacuation Channel at the southeast comer of
Jefferson Street and Highway 111. The grove comprises a portion of the Shields Date Gardens
which has its retail store at 80-225 Highway I I I in the City of Indio.
In 1924, E. Floyd Shields and Bess M. Shield took possession of the date garden
located outside and to the to the northeast of the APE on Shields Road. This original grove
is still visible today at the same location as is the old salesroom (Wilson 1998:pers. comm.).
The original grove is said to be one of the oldest and most interesting gardens in the country
with 119 different kinds of dates planted from seeds. Several of the dates from the Shields
Garden comprise one of a kind varieties found nowhere else in the world. These include
Shields Black Beauty and Shields Blonde and Brunette Beauties (Shields Date Gardens
1957:26f.).
In 1950, the Shields opened at the present location on Highway 111. The building that
incorporates the salesroom and packing house comprises a move on. Originally, the building
belonged to the Metropolitan Water District (MAD) and was formerly utilized as a mess hall
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145
and hospital (Wilson 1998:pers. comm.; Riverside; County Assessors Office 1.998: pers.
comm.). A 108 seat theater has been added to the west end of the building. Since 1955, the
theater has featured the movie "The Romance &: Sex Life of the Date". A, residence
constructed in 1954 lies in back of the retail building. Some of the date varieties produced and
sold by the Shield Date Gardens include Medjools, Deglet Noors, Blonde Dates, Brunette
Dates, and Bread Dates. Shields Date Crystals are also very popular.
For many years, Mr. Friend F. Wilson served as the Shields Date grove manager. When
Floyd Shields died in the 1960's, he willed half interest of the business to his wife Bess Shields
and half to his grove nnanager, Friend Wilson. Following the death of Mrs. Shields in 1984, the
Wilson family became sole owners (Wilson 1998:pers. comm.) . The date garden its currently
owned by Mr. Richard Wilson, son of Friend and Lucile Wilson.
Interviews with Mr. Richard Wilson and Mr. Lynn Gillis of the Riverside County
Agriculture Department indicated that the westerly portion of the grove situated within the
APE was planted no earlier than 1950. (Gillis 1998:pers. comm.). Thus, it is clear that the
portion of grove that will be impacted by the project (three trees) is not a component to the
original Shields grove and is therefore not considered historically significant. However, the
grove is considered to comprise a potential historic cultural landscape and thereby merits
special consideration in local planning. An appropriate mitigation measure would be to relocate
trees elsewhere in the grove or incorporate them into future landscaping along Jefferson Street.
5. Jefferson Street ]Bridge over Evacuation Channel
The existing six -span bridge over the La Quinta Evacuation Channel (Bridge No. 56C-
198) was constructed circa 1979 and is of reinforced concrete slab deck design (Young
1999:pers. comm.). The existing bridge is purely utilitarian in function and devoid of any
interesting engineering; or architectural features. Consequently, the Jefferson Street bridge over
the channel is not regarded as an historic resource. Current plans call for upgrading and
widening the bridge crossing to a total width of 131 feet. The new bridge will comprise a cast -
in -place reinforced concrete slab structure (RBF 1998).
-53-
���- 14G
E. Westward Ho Avenue (Avenue 46)_to Fred Waring Drive (Avenue 44)
No prehistoric or historic resources were discovered within this segment of the project
APE.
F. Fred Waring Drive (Avenue 44) to Indio Boulevard
No historic resources were identified within this segment. However, the results of the
literature review indicated that three prehistoric sites have been recorded within the APE along
this portion of the project. The disposition of each is discussed below.
1. RIV-5344
RIV-5344 was recorded within the APE on the east side of Jefferson Street
approximately 1000 feet north of Fred Waring Drive. The site was tested for significance in
1995 by Bruce Love of CRM Tech. Love concluded that the site was not significant and
recommended no further work other than grading monitoring. The area that the site occupied
has been graded and subsequently incorporated into the Heritage Palms Country Club
development. The field reconnaissance failed to find any surviving portions of the site.
2. RIV-5345
RIV-5345 was recorded within the APE on the east side of Jefferson Street
approximately 500 feet north of RIV-5344. This site was also tested for significance in 1995
by Bruce Love of CRM Tech. Love concluded that the site was not significant and
recommended no further work other than grading monitoring. The area that the site occupied
has been graded and also incorporated into the Heritage Palms Country Club development.
The field reconnaissance failed to find any surviving portions of the site.
3. RI V-1638
RIV-1638 had been recorded within the APE on both sides of Jefferson Street
approximately 700 feet north of RIV-5345. In 1989, a joint effort by Scientific Resource
Surveys (SRS) and Archaeological Associates (AA) evaluated the western portion of RIV-
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147
1638. The results of that study indicated that the western portion of the site lay well to the
west of Jefferson Street and outside the proposed ROW. In 1994, Bruce Love attempted to
relocate the eastern portion of the site. Despite a thorough search of the area, he could find
no evidence of the site. Our own field reconnaissance confirmed that the western portion of
RIV-1638 lies well outside the proposed APE. Similarly to Love, we found no traces of the
site within the east side APE. Consequently, the proposed street widening project will not
adversely impact the surviving portion of RIV-1638.
VI. DISCUSSION
A. Prehistoric Archaeological Resources
The records search and literature review have shown that the northern half of the study
area is sensitive for prehistoric archaeological resources. This is not surprising since this area
lies on or adjacent to the last high stand of ancient Lake Cahuilla (40-43 foot contour). In fact,
it has been suggested that this particular section of the ancient shoreline comprised a back -bay
accompanied by small islets. If true, it would have been particulary attractive to ;prehistoric
peoples due in part to the abundant waterfowl and fish available. However, as has been
discussed, those sites previously recorded within or adjacent to the northern half of the project
alignment have been destroyed in conjunction with commercial, residential, and resort
development or road construction/improvement projects.
B. Historic Resources Buildings. Structures and Cultural Landscapes
Several historic resources were identified within or immediately adjacent to the APE.
As previously discussed, these comprise the La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal, the
underground irrigation laterals that 6e between Avenue: 54 and Avenue 48, the two residences
at 52250 and 50110 Jefferson Street and the Sniff and Shields Date Palm Groves.
All historic buildings, structures and cultural landscapes were evaluated for significance
under criteria based on two separate but overlapping legislative sources: (1) the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), which includes criteria for eligibility to the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP); and (2) the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA),
-55-
as amended in 1992, which includes criteria for eligibility to the California Register of
Historical Resources (CRHR).
Essentially, all resources which have been determined eligible for the National Register
are also eligible for the California Register, but the latter also provides for the inclusion of
additional resources that have been identified by historic resource surveys or that have been
designated as a result of a local landmark ordinance. Thus, many cultural resources are
significant under California law but need not be addressed under Federal law. The situation is
further complicated by the fact that the criteria applied to assess impacts on historic resources
differ between federal and state statutes.
C. NRHP Eligibility Criteria
These criteria require that in order for a building or structure to be significant, it must
be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Most state agencies,
including CALTRANS, have adopted the federal criteria.
Buildings are entities that are designed primarily to provide shelter for human activity.
They include houses, schools, churches, courthouses, sheds, barns, stores, etc. Structures are
distinguished from buildings by the virtue that they are designed for purposes other than
providing human shelter. They comprise lighthouses, bridges, tunnels, highways, dams, canals,
irrigation systems as well as aircraft, automobiles, trains, ships, boats, etc.
Generally, fisting in NRHP requires that a building or structure be at least 50 years old
and that it possess "The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology,
engineering, and culture ... present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that
possess integrity of location, design, setting, material, workmanship, feeling, and association
..." and...
(A). That are associated with events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
(B). That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our
past; or
-56-
1413
(C). That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that
possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual
distinction; or
(D). That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information
important in prehistory or history."
D. CEOA Compliance
In September of 1992, the California Legislature passed Assembly Bill No. 2881 which
became Chapter 1075 of the Public Resources Code, thereby amending CEQA. The
amendment defined historic resources as any property listed or determined eligible for listing
in the newly established California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). Projects
substantially adversely affecting such resources might be regarded as projects that may have
a significant effect on the environment.
According to CEQA, a resource may be listed as an historic resource in the California
Register if it:
(1) Meets one of National Register of Historic Places criteria A through D; or
(2) Has been determined eligible for, or is listed in the National Register of Historic
Places; or
(3) Is a State Historical Landmark designated after No. 770 and potentially if it was
designated before No. 770; or
(4) Is a Point of Historical Interest; or
(5) Has been determined significant by the; State Historic Resources Commission,
including individual resources, contributors to historic districts, significant
resources identified in qualifying historic resources surveys, locally designated
historical resources, districts, or landmarks ( i.e. City of Los Angeles Historic -
Cultural Monuments), or has been designated under any municipal or county
ordinance (i.e. in an historic preservation overlay zone). (PRC §5024.1).
-57- 150
Furthermore, a resource may be fisted in the California Register if it is significant at the
local, state, or nation level, under one or more of the following four criteria:
(1) It is associated with events or patterns of events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history and cultural
heritage of California or the United States.
(2) It is associated with the lives of persons important to the nation or to
California's past.
(3) It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method
of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic
values.
(4) It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the
prehistory or history of the state or nation.
1. NRHP Evaluation
All of the historic resources under consideration are in excess of 45 years of age.
However, it may be observed the Coachella Canal has already been evaluated and both the
Riverside County Historical Commission and California State Office of Historic Preservation
(OHP) have determined that it is not eligible for the NRHP. Mellon & Associates' 1997
determination that the La Quinta section of the canal appeared eligible (3S) is an enigma since
the current inventory list maintained by the OHP clearly states otherwise. Furthermore, the
Sniff Date Palm Grove was also evaluated by Mellon and Associates and found to be ineligible
for the NR (5S1). However, they concluded that the grove did comprise a potential City of
La Quinta historic cultural landscape.
None of the remaining historic resources qualify as eligible for the NRHP under Criteria
(A) or (B) because none are associated with prominent historical figures or events. Moreover,
a reasonably thorough research effort has failed to yield evidence suggesting that any of the
buildings or structures are likely to yield information important to history. Consequently, we
are left to consider the elements of Criterion (C).
I"
151
Criterion (C) is the "architectural' criterion which posits eligibility on the basis of style
or artistic merit. With consideration to Criterion (C), none of the buildings or structures within
the APE are believed to represent the work of a master, nor are they unique in choice of
building materials, design, or execution. There is nothing which sets these particular buildings
and structures apart from others in the region. Consequently, we conclude that none are
eligible for listing under Criterion (C).
2. CRHR Evaluation
The subject historic resources (La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal, the
underground irrigation laterals that He between Avenue; 54 and Avenue 48, the two residences
at 52250 and 50110 Jefferson Street and the Sniff and Shields Date Palm Groves.) were also
evaluated for the California Register. Of these, the underground irrigation laterals and the two
residences are not considered significant on the local, state or national level under any of the
criteria as outlined above. Therefore, none are eligible for listing in the CRHR.
However, since both the Sniff and Shields Date Palm Groves are considered potential
historic cultural landscapes and the La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal is regarded as a
potential City of La Quinta historic landmark, all three appear eligible for the CRl IR.
VH. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
A. Prehistoric Archae:olo@ical Resources
Although the; survey of the project APE failed to discover any prehistoric sites or
isolated finds, it is a given fact that the Jefferson Street alignment (especially the northern two-
thirds) lies in an area that is archaeologically sensitive. Although the prehistoric sites previously
recorded within or immediately adjacent to the APE have been destroyed, there is a possibility
that buried sites exist within the boundaries of the project. This portion of the Coachella Valley
is frequented by windstorms that move the fine-grained blow sands from dune to dune. In
doing so, the seasonal winds cover or expose prehistoric archaeological sites on a regular basis.
Therefore, it is recommended that a professional archaeologist monitor the initial phase of any
rough grading connected with future development of roadway along its entire length. If
-59-
152
archaeological material is unearthed during the rough grading phase, the Project Archaeologist
should have the authority to temporarily halt or redirect the earthwork until the significance of
the find(s) can be established.
B. Historic Resources
The underground irrigation laterals that lie between Avenue 54 and Avenue 48 and the
two residences at 52250 and 50110 Jefferson Street respectively have been found to be
ineligible for listing in either the National Register of Historic Places or the California Register
of Historic Resources. All are considered to be insignificant. Therefore, no further work in
conjunction with these structures is recommended.
Although the La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal qualifies as a potential City of
La Quinta historic landmark and appears eligible for the CRHP, it is not anticipated that
improvements to the Jefferson Street overcrossing of the canal will have any adverse effects
on its historic integrity. Consequently, no mitigative measures are recommended.
The Sniff Date Palm Grove also qualifies as a potential City of La Quinta cultural
landscape and appears eligible for the CRHP. However, current plans indicate that the grove
is set back far enough from the project ROW that it will not be adversely impacted by the
project. Therefore, no further mitigative measures are recommended.
Similarly to the Sniff grove, the Shields Date Palm Grove also qualifies as a potential
City of Indio cultural landscape and appears eligible for the CRHP. Current plans indicate that
at least three date palms within the Shields grove require removal in conjunction with street
widening and improvements to the La Quinta Evacuation Channel overcrossing. It is therefore
recommended that the impacted trees be relocated either to another section of the grove or be
incorporated into landscaping along Jefferson Street.
-60-
153
REFERENCES CITED
BARROWS, DAVID PRESCOTT
1900 The Ethno-botany of the Coahuilla Inman of Southern California. University
of Chicago Press.
BEAN, LOWELL J.
1978 Cahuilla, IN, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, California, Robert
F. Heizer, ed., pp. 575-587. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. D.C.
BERRYMAN, STANLEY R.
1977 Archaeological Investigation of the Evacuation Channel. Unpublished
manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of California
at Riverside.
1999 Personal communication. Archaeological consultant.
BLAKE, WILLIAM PHIPPS
1856 Geological Report. IN: Reports of Explorations in California for Railroad
Routes near the 35h and 32' Parallels of North Latitude (by Lt. R.S.
Williamson). Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most
Practicable and Economic Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to
the Pacific Ocean, Vol. 5. Beverly Tucker, Printer. Washington, D.C.
BROCK, JAMES
1998 Personal communication. Principal at Archaeological Advisory Group.
Pioneertown.
1997 Heritage Resource Assessment for the Extension of Avenue 48 between
Jefferson Street and the Emergency :Evacuation Channel, City of La Quinta,
California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern Information
Center, University of California at Riverside.
BROWN, JAMES T.
1985 Harvest of the Sun: An Illustrated History of Riverside County, Windsor
Publications. Northridge.
BRW, INC.
1992 Final Environmental Impact Report: City of La Quinta 1992 General Plan
Update. Unpublished report on file with the City of La Quinta.
61 154
CALEXICO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
n.d. Calexico, the All -American Canal City. Brochure on file with the Spencer
Library/Media Center, Imperial Valley College. El Centro.
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
1989 Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended
Contents andFormat. California Office of Historic Preservation. Sacramento.
DEMCAK, CAROL R.
1997 Archaeological Assessment of 40-Acre Parcel in La Quinta (La Quinta Quad),
Riverside County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern
Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
FOULKES, CECILIA
1985 Mecca: A California Desert History. Privately printed.
GASSER-HENRIKSEN, KAREN
1982 Archaeological Survey Report on: TT 16789 Located Near the City of Indio,
Riverside County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern
Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
GUNTHER, JANE DAVIES
1984 Riverside County, California, Place Names: Their Origins and Their Stories.
Rubidoux Printing Company. Riverside.
HAMILTON, TED J.
1988 Highway 111. Privately printed. Palm Desert.
HENDERSON,TRACEY
1968 Imperial Valley. Neyenesch Printers. San Diego.
HOOVER, MILDRED B., HERO E. RENSCH and ETHEL G. RENSCH
1966 Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. Stanford.
JOHNSTON, FRANCIS J.
1987 The Bradshaw Trail. Historical Commission Press. Riverside.
KROEBER, ALFRED L.
1908 Ethnography of the Cahuilla Indians. University of California Publications
in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(2):29-68. Berkeley.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology
Bulletin no. 78, pp. 1-995. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.
CYAs
155
LANTIS, DAVID W., RODNEY STEINER, and ARTHUR E. KARINEN
1977 California: Land of Contrast. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque.
LOVE, BRUCE
1996 Archaeology on the North Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla. Unpublished
manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of California
at Riverside.
LOVE, BRUCE, STEiVEN MOFFIT, and BAI "TOlvf' TANG
1994 Cultural Resources Report: U.S. Home Project, Indio, Riverside County.
Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center, University
of California at Riverside.
McALESTER, VIRGIMA and LEE McALESTER
1990 A Field Guide to American Houses. .Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. New York.
McWILLIAMS, STEVEN
1970 The Occupation of the Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla (Paper 41).
Unpublished paper on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of
California at Riverside.
1971 The Occupation of the Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla (Paper #2).
Unpublished paper on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of
California at Riverside.
MELLON AND ASSOCIATES
1997 City of La Quinta Historic Resources Survey. Unpublished manuscript on file
with the City of La Quinta.
MOURIQUAND, LESLIE J.
1998 Personal communication. Associate ]Planner, City of La Quinta.
NORMAND, OLE J.
1978 Coachella Valley's Golden Years. Coachella Valley County Water District.
Coachella.
NORRIS, R.M. AND R.W. WEBB
1976 Geology of California. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
PERISCOPE
1984 Series of anonymous historical columns (October). Annual publication of the
Coachella Valley Historical Society. Indio.
-63- 15 6
ROBERT BEIN, WILLIAM FROST & ASSOCIATES (RBF)
1998 A Draft Type Selection Study for Jefferson Street Bridge Widening at La
Quinta Evacuation Channel and All American Canal, Indio and La Quinta,
California. Irvine.
SALIS, JUAN
1999 Personal communication. Distribution Coordinator, Imperial Irrigation District.
SCHAEFER, MICHAEL
1999 Personal communication. Irrigation Engineer, Coachella Valley Water District.
SCIENTIFIC RESOURCE SURVEYS, INC.
1989 Archaeological Surface Collection at Two Locations on Tract 23317, Bermuda
Dunes, Riverside County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the
Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
SHIELDS DATE GARDENS
1957 Coachella Valley Desert Trails: The Salton Sea Saga and The Romance and
Sex Life of the Date. Indio.
STRONG, WILLIAM D.
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California
Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 26(l):1-358. Berkeley.
WILKE, PHILIP J.
1978 Late Prehistoric Human Ecology at Lake Cahuilla Coachella Valley, California.
University of California Archaeological Research Facility Contribution No.
38. Berkeley.
YOUNG, PAUL
1999 Personal communication. Vice President of Structural Engineering, Robert
Bein, William Frost & Associates.
-64- 157
APPENDIX A: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
LAURA S. WHITE, CO -PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
" 1989 M.A. in Anthropology with emphasis in Archaeology,
San Diego State University, San Diego.
" 1981 B.A. in Anthropology, University of San Diego, San Diego.
" Member of the Society of Professional Archaeologists (SOPA)
* Riverside County Certified Archaeologist
* Orange County Certified Archaeologist
* San Diego County Certified Archaeologist
* Holds a "blanket" Cultural Resource Use Permit on the supervisory level with
the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for the Ridgecrest, Barstow, Palm
Springs, El Centro, and Needles desert resources areas.
" 14 years of full-time experience conducting cultural resource management
projects in southern California.
ROBERT S. WHITE, CO -PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
" 1987 B.A. in Liberal Studies with emphasis in Anthropology, California State
University, Long Beach.
" 1977 A.A. Degree in Liberal Arts, Los Angeles Harbor College.
* Riverside County Certified Archaeologist
* Orange County Certified Archaeologist
" Holds a "blanket" Cultural Resource Use Permit on the supervisory level with
the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for the Ridgecrest, Barstow, Palm
Springs, El Centro, and Needles desert resources areas.
* 15 years of full-time experience conducting cultural resource management
projects in southern California.
159
DAVID M. VAN HORN, Ph.D., ARCHITECTURAL CONSULTANT
* Ph.D. 1976 University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Classical Archaeology
* B.A. 1969 University of California at Santa Barbara, Dept. of Art History
(with honors)
* SOPA Certified Archaeologist
* Orange County Certified Archaeologist
* Riverside County Certified Archaeologist
* San Diego County Certified Archaeologist
* BLM Certified Archaeologist
* 32 years experience in southern California archaeology
* Editor of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society uarterly (1990-1991).
* Founding principal of Archaeological Associates (AA)
160
APPENDIX B: RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS
161
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS SEARCH
An in -person archaeological records search was conducted by Laurie S. White at the
Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside on December 23, 1997.
Consequently, there is no official letter from the clearinghouse to attach here.
The in -person search included a review of all previously recorded prehistoric and
historic archaeological sites situated within a 1/4 :mile of Jefferson Street (see Table 1).
Additionally, the National Register of Historic Places, California Historic Landmarks, and
California Points of Historical Interest were reviewed for the purpose of identifying any historic
properties. Copies of all site record forms as well as all archaeological reports conducted
within the vicinity were obtained. These documents were reviewed and all relevant information
was incorporated into our study.
162
APPENDIX C: CALTR9NS NEG HPSR FORM
163
Department of Transportation
HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY REPORT- NEGATIVE FINDINGS
1. HIGHWAY PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
District County Route PM/KP Expenditure
Authorization
8 Riverside Jefferson St.
Description:
Presently, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) is considering standardizing
the width of 6+miles of Jefferson Street between Avenue 54 on the south and Indio Boulevard on
the north. The route transects portions of the Cities of La Quinta, Indio as well as a small portion
of the Bermuda Dunes area of unincorporated Riverside County. Ultimately, some sections may
be expanded to six -lanes. Maximum right-of-way (ROW) for the project varies from 60 to 120
feet along Jefferson Street. The proposed improvements do not involve substantial deviation
from the existing alignment.
Improved crossings of the Coachella Canal/All-American Canal, the La Quinta Evacuation
Channel and the Whitewater River are also planned as components to the proposed undertaking.
Preliminary information suggests that two of these crossings (Whitewater River and La Quinta
Evacuation Channel) will require ROW of between 150-200 feet on either side of JefFerson Street
for associated construction activities (e.g. staging, temporary access road, channel modifications).
An addition of one lane to either side of the Coachella Canal crossing will require approximately
84 feet of additional ROW. However, a distance of 75 feet (150 feet total) on either side of the
Coachella Canal crossing, was selected for the APE.
2. AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS (APE)
FHWA Senior Transportation Engineer Approval:
Name
Description:
Date
The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the Jefferson Street Improvement Project was defined by
Laura S. White, a SOPA. certified archaeologist. The APE boundary for this Class II project was
drawn to include: 1) all buildings, structures and vacant land within the project ROW, and 2) all
buildings and structures fronting the ROW that could be affected by construction activities.
Additionally, where the alignment adjoins vacant land, a 15 foot buffer was added to either side
of the ROW unless physically prohibited by existing development.
164
Department of Transportation
HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY REPORT - NEGATIVE FINDINGS - Page 2
3. SOURCES CONSULTED
X
National Register of Historic Places
Year:
1997
X
California Inventory of Historic Resources
Year:
1997
X
California Historical Landmarks
Year:
1997
X
California Points of Historical Interest
Year:
1997
Archaeological Site Records [Name(s) of Institution(s)J:
_X_
Eastern Information Center @ UC Riverside
Date:
December 23, 1997
Local Historical Society [Namel'
Date:
SHPO: n/a
Date: n/a
Other
4. RESUME OF SURVEY
Yes No N/A Attachment No.
Archaeolo ical Survey Report X
g
Bridge Evaluation
X
Historic Architectural Survey Report
X
Historic Research Evaluation Report
X
Historic Studies Report
X
Native American Input
X
Other (Specify): Correspondence
5.CALTRANSAPPROVAL
Recommended for Approval:
Approved:
Heritage Preservation Coordinator Date
Chief, Environmental Analysis
165
Date
Department of Transportation
HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY REPORT - NEGATIVE FINDINGS - Page 3
6. FHWA DETERMINATION
Check One:
ElA. No cultural resources are present
within or adjacent to the project's
APE.
ZB. Cultural resources wiithin or
adjacent to the project's APE do
not possess any historical,
architectural, archaeological or
cultural value.
Cultural studies are complete and satisfactory; the requirements of 36CFR§800 have been completed.
Senior Transportation Engineer Date
Historic Property Survey Report - Negative Findings - Preparer:
Laura S. White, M.A., Principal Investigator February 3, 1999
166
Department of Transportation
HISTORIC PROPERTY SURVEY REPORT - NEGATIVE FINDINGS - Page 5
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Figure 2 16
Southern section of study area plotted on a portion of the La Quinta 7-5' Topographic
Quadrangle.
Department of Transportation
Figure 3 16
Northern section of study area plotted on a portion of the La Quinta 7.5' Topographic
Quadrangle.
Page I of 2
-Resource Name or #: Jefferson Resource # 1
P1. Other Identifier: None
'P2. location: ® Not for Publication [I Unrestricted e. County Riverside
b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta Data 1980 T 6S • R 7E - hMI14 of NW/s of sec •• SBM U.
c. Address 52250 Jefferson Street city La Ouinta ziP 92253
d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear feature) Zane 11 567960 mE/ 3725450 mill
e. Other Locations] Data: (e.g. parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, elevation, additdnal UTMa. etc. as appropriate)
Project APE Map 4, Resource #1, APN 772-300-014
-P3a. Deudption: (Describe resource and ns major elements. Include design, materials, condition, allerations, size, selling, and boundaries.)
This single -story Ranch style residence was constructed in 1954. The house is irregular in plan and lies on
a slab foundation. It has a low-pitched, cross -gabled roof with a wide eave overhang. The residence is
wood framed and clad with a combination of stucco and T-111 wood siding. Fenestration comprises large
picture windows and aluminum sliders. A detached garage of similar construction and style lies to the
north.
-P3b. Resource Attributes:
(List attributes and codes) HP2. Single Family Property
Element of District ❑ Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, etc.)
Southeasterly view
'Pa. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
❑ Prehistoric ® Historic ❑ Both
Constructed in 1954 (factual)
-P7. Owner and Address
Chariaca Inc.
P.O. Box 1996
Palm Desert, CA 92261
P--Private
'Pe. Recorded by: (llama, affiliation, address)
Laurie S. White
L&L Environmental, Inc.
1269 Pomona Road, Suite 102
Corona, CA 91720
-P9. Date Recorded: 02 /04 / 1999
(Describe) 'P10. Survey Type: scribe)
Intensive Survey
C--Comprehensive Survey
P11. Report Chation: (Cite surrey report/other sources or *none') "A Cultural Resources Assessment of the Jefferson Street
Improvement Project, Ave. 54 to Indio Blvd., Coachella Valley"-R&L White 1999
'Attachments: ❑ NONE ❑ Location Map ❑ Sketch Map ❑ Conlinuallon Sheet ® Building, Structure and Object Record
❑ Archaeological Record ❑ District Record ❑ Linear Feature Record ❑ Milling Station Record ❑ Hock Art Record ❑ Artlfect Record
❑ Photograph Record ❑Other: (List) t -1tl
DPP 523A (1/95) 'Required information
State of California --The Resources Agency Primary `
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRl J
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page 2 of 2 •NRHP Status Code 5S1
-Resource Name or a: Jefferson Resource # l
W. Historic Name: None
B2. Common Name: None
B3. Onginai use: Residential Bd. Present Use: R--Residential
-135. Architectural Style: Ranch style
•86. Construction History: (Construction dale, alterations, and date of alterations.)
Not applicable
'67. Moved? ® No ❑ Yes ❑ Unknown Date: Original Location:
•Ba. Related Features:
Detached garage
89a. Architect: unKnown b. Builder:
-B10. Significance: Theme Residential Architecture Area La Ouinta
Period of Significance 1950'S Property Type Single family residence Applicable Crilerfa C
(Discuss Importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address Integrity.)
The house is ubiquitous in design and exhibits no noteworthy architectural elements or construction
techniques.
Bl1. Addillonai Resource Attributes: (Lis] attributes and codes) HP2. Sinde Family Property
•812. References:
Riverside Assessor's Map Books, Book 772 Page 300
B13. Remarks,
Zoning: RR; Threats: None
•614. Evaluator: Dr. David M. Van Horn
Date of Evaluation: 02/03 / 1999
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95)
is
C
Page 1 of 2
•Resoi.ceName orat: Jefferson -Resource #2 _
P1. Other Identifier: Sniff Date Palm Grove
•P2. Location: 0 Not for Publication ❑unrestricted a. County Riverside
b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta Date 1980 r 6S ,• R 7E • SE 1/4 of SEt/a of SM: 5 ; SBM B.M.
c. Address city La Ouinta zip 92253
d. UT■: (Give more than one for large and/or linear feature) Zone 11 567680 —ME/ 3725840 mN
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g. parcel d, legal description, directions to resource, elevation, additional UTMs, etc. as appropriate)
21 acre grove located at northwest corner of Jefferson Street and Avenue 52 (APN 769.480-011-2).
•P3a. Description: (Describe resource and f:5 major elements. Include design, materials, condition, afleratlons, size, setting, and boundaries.)
This cultural landscape comprises a remnant portion of a larger grove. The grove is purported to have
been planted by Dana Sniff in 1926.
•123b. Resource Attributes: (Ust attributes and codes) HP33.Farm/Ranch
a
Cf[l�t
Vi [{ .1
^Y°•Yfr
1;i
1�! P
\41W yA�Fff'p tM'��(i/?/jy
t
'era �1 ., 71ae (i`a41'i if p' f(((��rtl )"'Ip✓
�4+ p a 1111 4
I•,`'J i �ll r* �.,�'ia.
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-
•AML P11. Report Citation: (Cris survey report/other sources or'none')
imnrovement Proiect. Ave. 54 to Indio Blvd., I
-Attachments: ❑ NONE ® Location Map
❑ Archaeological Record ❑ Distrct Record
❑ Photograph Record ❑ Other: (List) _
Element of District ❑ Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, etc.)
westerly view iew of grove
•P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
0 Prehistoric 10 Historic ❑ Soth
Planted 1926
•P7. Owner and Address:
Warner C. Lusardi Trust
1570 Linda Vista Drive
San Marcos, C,6, 92069
P--Private
•P5. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address)
Laurie S. White
L&L Environmental. Inc.
1269 Pomona Road, Suite 102
Corona, CA 91720
•PS. Date Recorded: _ 02/03 / 1999
•P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive survey_
C--Comprehensive Survey
❑ Sketch Map ❑ Continuation Sheet tD Bulking. Structure and Object Record
❑ Unear Feature Record ❑ Milling Station Record ❑ Rock An Record ❑ Artifact Record
DPR 523A (1/95)
172 -Required Inforrhatim
State of California —The. Resources Agency Pjimwy
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION :iiB I I#
LOCATION MAP Trlo ial
Page 2 at 2
-Re&ourl;eName or*; Jefferson Resource #2
-1111apillarrie:. LaQuintal'S -scale; 1" 2000 ft Date of Map: —1959 P]
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State of California =The Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
Primary:#.._
HRI
11
LJ
Page I of 2
-Resource Name or #: _
P1. Other Identifier:
NRHP Statuei code'
.P2. Location: C Not for Publication ❑ Unrestricted a. County mveli _
b. USGS 75' Ouad La Quinta Date 1980 T 6S - R 7E -- NW11/4 o1 NWj4 of sec
c. Address 50110 Jefferson Street city La Quinta _
d. UTM: (Give more than one for large aM/or Ilneer feature) zone 11 567900 _
e. Other Locatlonal Data: (e.g. parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, elevation, additional UTMs, etc. a5 appropriate)
Project APE Map 8, Resource #5 (APN 769-270-001).
*P3e. Descrii ion: (Describe resource and yes major elements. Include design. materiels, condition. aneratwns, size, selling, and boundaries.)
This small, vernacular cabin is single -story and has a low-pitched, gabled roof sheathed with galvanized
metal. The wood framed structure appears to he on a slab foundation. A shed roof addition
incorporating the entrance has been attached to the western elevation. A second addition may have been
added to the northern elevation but lack of access failed to confirm this. The cabin has, been recently
re -sheathed with T-111 wood siding and a screened security door added. A louvered attic register is
visible under the roof peak on the southern elevation. Fenestration comprises 2-over-2 double hung
wooden sashes covered with added security bars. Originally, this structure was probably an outbuilding
(storage shed) associated with agriculture (citrus or dates).
•P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single Family Property
Element of District ❑ Other (Isolates, etc.)
PSh. Description of Photo: (View, dale, era)
Easterly view
PI1. Report Citation: (Cite survey report/other sources or'none')
• Imnrovement Proiect, Ave. 54 to Indio Blvd.,
`Attachments: ❑ NONE ❑ Location Map
❑Archaeological Record ❑ District Record
❑ Photograph Record ❑ Other: (Ust) _
-Pa. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
❑ Prehistoric ® Historic ❑ Both
Constructed between 1944-1959
•P7. Owner and Address:
Jeffrev and Kathleen Cole
80041 Avenue 50
La Quinta, CA, 92253
P--Private
-Pa. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address)
Laurie S. White
L&L Environmental. Inc:
1269 Pomona Road, Suite 102
Corona. CA 91720
•P9. Daft Recorded: 02/04/1999
•P1o. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive survey
C--Comprehensive Survey
❑ Sketch Map ❑ Continuation Sneet ® Building, Structure and Object Record
❑ Linear Feature Record [3 Milling Station Record ❑ Rock Art vfecord ❑ Artifact Record
DPR 523A (1/95) ... 174 -Required information
State of California -The Resources Agency Primary-d.
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION - ".: HRI,r
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
Page 2 of 2 •NRHP Status code 5S1
-Resource Name or #
81. Historic Name
B2. Common Nan
133. Original Use:
•65. Archnectural
•86. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations.)
Shed roof addition on the western elevation. Building re -sheathed with T-111 wood siding. Security bars
on windows and security screen on door.
•87. Moved? ® No ❑Yes ❑ UnlvWvvn Date: Original Location:
•Be. Related Features:
None
age. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
•810. Significance: Theme Citrus Industry Area La Ouinta
Period of Significance 1940s-1950s Property Type Single family residence Applicable Criteria C
(Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address Integrity.)
The integrity of the structure has been compromised by the aforementioned alterations. Furthermore,
there is nothing unique about the structure as it fails to exhibit any noteworthy architectural style or
construction techniques.
Bi 1. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2. Single Family Property
`812. References:
Riverside Assessor's Map Books, Book 769 Page 270
B13. Remarks:
noning: RA; Threats: May be impacted by widening of
Street.; Zoning: RA
-814. Evaluator: Dr. David M. Van Horn
Date of Evaluation: 02/03/1999
(This space reserved for official comments.)
DPR 523B (1/95)
•
El
of California --The Resources Agency
RTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
DIARY RECORD
PnrnaryM
HRI #
Page I of 2
-Resource Name or a`: Jefferson Resource #8
P1. Other Identifier: Shields Date Palm Grove
•P2. Location: ® Not for Publication ❑ Unrestricted a. County Riverside
b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta Date 1980 T _iS ' R 7E . NY11/4 of SW/4 of Se< 28 -
c. Address 80225 Highwa 1 111 chy Indio
d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear feature) Zone 11 567880 _ME/ .
e. Other Localional Data: (e.g. parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, elerallon, additional UTMs, etc- as appropriate)
Southeast corner of Jefferson Street and Highway I11 (APN 649-240-001-4).
•P3a. Description: (Describe resource and Its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, aneratlons, size, setting, and boundaries.)
This cultural landscape comprises the westerly most portion of the Shields Date Grove. This section of
grove was planted circa 1950 by Floyd Shields. Older portions of grove He further to the east.
Furthermore, the original Shields grove was planted in 1924 and lies to the northeast on Shields Road.
•123b. Resource Attributes:
(List attributes and codes)
HP33. Farm /Ranch
Element of District ❑ Other (Isolates, etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: (View, dale, etc.)
Easterly view A prove
•P4. Resources Present: ❑ Building ❑ Structure ❑ Object Is Site ❑ District ❑
-
-
-Pa. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:
❑Prehistoric ®Hiatonc ❑Both
*
Planted circa 1950
<..'
s
-
.�-
'i N"
�
•P7. Owrrer and Address:
Lucile E. Wilson Trust
80225 Highway I l l
Indio, CA 92201
P--Private
•P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report/other sources or 'none') n
Improvement Project, Ave. '34 to Indio Blvd., Coachel
-Attachments: ❑ NONE ® Location Map
[]Archaeological Record ❑ District Record
❑ Photograph Rewrd ❑ Other: (List) _
-Pa. Recorded by: (Name, allllietlon, address)
Laurie S. White
L&L Environmental, Inc.
1269 Pomona Road, Suite 102
Corona, CA 91720
•P9. Date Recorded: 02/04/1999
•Poo. survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive Survey
C--Comprehensive Survey
❑ Sketch Map ❑ Continuation Sheel
❑ Linear Feature Record ❑ Milling Station Record
❑ Building. Structure and Object Record
❑ Rock Art (Record ❑ Artifact Record
DPR 523A (1/95)
176'
-Required Information
State of Cetifornia —The Resources Agency ptlmaryi '
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Hm�
LOCATION MAP Tenom a
Page L of L
•Raaource Name or •: Jefferson Resource #8
-Map Name: La Ouinta 7.5' -Scale: 1"=2000 ft --Date of rap: 1959 PR19
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APPENDIX D: CALTRANS NEG ASR FORM
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-I5 (REVIM) Page 1
I. HIGHWAY PROJECT DESCRIPTION
District
County
Route
Post Miles
Expenditure Authorizations
8
Riverside
Jefferson St.
Presently, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) is considering standardizing
the width of 6+miles of Jefferson Street between Avenue 54 on the south and Indio Boulevard on
the north. The route transects portions of the Cities of La Quinta, Indio as well as a small portion
of the Bermuda Dunes area of unincorporated Riverside County. Ultimately, some sections may
be expanded to six -lanes. Maximum right-of-way (ROW) for the project varies from 60 to 120
feet along Jefferson Street. The proposed improvements do not involve substantial deviation
from the existing alignment.
Improved crossings of the Coachella Canal/All-American Canal, the La Quinta Evacuation
Channel and the Whitewater River are also planned as components to the proposed undertaking.
Preliminary information suggests that two of these crossings (Whitewater River and La Quinta
Evacuation Channel) will require ROW of between 150-200 feet on either side of Jefferson Street
for associated construction activities (e.g. staging, temporary access road, channel modifications).
An addition of one lane to either side of the Coachella Canal crossing will require approximately
84 feet of additional ROW. However, a distance of 75 feet (150 feet total) on either side of the
Coachella Canal crossing was selected for the APE.
II. STUDY FINDINGS
The results of the records search conducted at the Eastern Information Center at UC Riverside
indicated that the alignment transects a region sensitive for prehistoric archaeological sites.
However, the results of the field survey revealed that the prehistoric sites mapped within or
immediately adjacent to the APE have been destroyed by development or road construction.
Six historic resources have been identified within or immediately adjacent to the APE. They
comprise the La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal, the underground irrigation laterals that lie
between Avenue 54 and Avenue 48, the two residences at 52250 and 50110 Jefferson Street and
the Sniff and Shields Date Palm Groves. None of the six have been found eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places. However, two comprise potential historic cultural
landscapes and the third a potential local historic landmark. Consequently, all three appear to be
eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). The remaining three historic
resources are not eligible for the CRHR.
Recommendations for prehistoric resources call for monitoring of the rough grading phase of the
street widening project. This recommendation is made with regard to the issue of sand dune
migration which can obscure archaeological sites from view. This measure will ensure that if
179
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25 (REV.2/63) Page 2
buried archaeological material is encountered during the; rough grading phase of development, an
archaeologist will have the opportunity to recover the finds and ascertain their significance.
It is not anticipated that the undertaking as currently proposed will have any adverse effect on two
of the three historic resources found eligible for the CRHR (La Quinta section of the Coachella Canal
and the Sniff Date Palm Grove). Consequently, no further mitigative measure are recommend for
these resources. However, the third resource, Shields Date Palm Grove aka Shields Date Garden,
will suffer a loss of about three trees. As a mitigative measure, it is recommended that the subject
palms be relocated.
M. INTRODUCITON
Name of Surveyor Qualifications Dates of Fieldwork
Laura S. White M.A. in Anthropology, SDSU, 1989; January 1997 through
SOPA-certified since 1990; February 1998;
15 years experience in southern California August thou
September 1998;
January &:
February, 1999.
Robert S. White B.A. in Liberal Studies with concentration in
Anthropology, CSULB, 1987;
15 years experience in southern California
David M. Van Horn Ph.D. in Classical Archaeology, University of
Pennsylvania, 1969;
32 years experience in southern California
Susan M. Underbrink B.A. in Anthropology, University of Illinois, 1981;
4 years experience in southern California
Present Environment:
Colorado Desert; sand fields and dunes, dessicated lake playa. Creosote Bush Scrub and Saltbush
Scrub plant communities. Elevations: 80 feet above sea level to 7 feet above sea level.
Ethnography:
Desert Cahuilla. Alfred M. Kroeber, Handbook of the Indians of California. William Duncan
Strong, Aboriginal Society in Southern California. Lowell John Bean, Cahuilla in Handbook of
North America Indians, Vol. 8, California.
180
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25 (REV.2W) Page 3
IV. SOURCES CONSULTED
National Register of Historic Places ®
Year:
1997
California Inventory of Historic Resources ®
Year:
1997
California Historical Landmarks ®
Year:
1997
California Points of Historical Interest N
Year:
1997
Archaeological Site Records ® [Name(s) of Institution(s) & Date]
Eastern Information Center @ UC Riverside; December 23, 1997
Other Sources Consulted:
Bureau of Land Management archives, California Desert District, Riverside
Historic maps of the APE, Tomas Rivera Library, UC Riverside
Riverside County Assessors Office's, Riverside and Palm Springs
Riverside County Agriculture Department, Indio
Imperial Valley Irrigation District
Coachella Valley Water District
Structural Engineering Division, Robert Bein, William Frost & Associates
Results: No historic properties were discovered within or adjacent to the APE as a result of the
archival research, literature review or field survey.
V. FIELD METHODS
The pedestrian survey began at the southern end of the alignment (Avenue 54) and proceeded in a
northerly direction. The field study was conducted by walking parallel transects spaced at 5-10
meter intervals along the ROW on either side of the roadway. The width of the surveyed area
varied depending on the maximum width of the ROW for any given section of the alignment.
Where possible, a buffer of approximately 15 feet was added to either side of the maximum ROW.
This buffer area was applicable only to undeveloped land. The survey of the designated portions
of the Coachella Canal, La Quinta Evacuation Channel and the Whitewater River (Coachella
Valley Stormwater Channel) were conducted in a similar manner.
VI. REMARKS
181
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25 (REV1/83) Page 4
VH. CERTMCA
Preparer: Laura S. White I Title: Principal Investigator
Signature: Date: 02/03/99
Reviewer: I Title:
Signature: Date:
VITL MAPS _
District Location N U.S.G.S. N (La Quinta) Project Maps N
(Delineate area of actual survey on Project Map, a7 largest scale map available.)
IX. PHOTOGRAPHS
Yes N No ❑ Attached ❑ (optional)
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY
BARROWS, DAVID PRESCOTT
1900 The Ethno-botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California. University of Chicago
Press.
BEAN, LOWELL J.
1978 Cahuilla. IN, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, California, Robert F. Heizer,
ed., pp. 575-587. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.
BERRYMAN, STANLEY R.
1977 Archaeololical Investigation of the Evacuation Channel. Unpublished manuscript on file with
the Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
BLAKE, WILLIAM PMPPS
1856 Geological Report. IN: Reports of Explorations in California for Railroad Routes near the
35' and 32nd Parallels of North Latitude (by IA. R.S. Williamson). Reports c f Explorations
and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economic Route for a Railroad from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, Vol. 5. Beverly Tucker, Printer. Washington, D.C.
BROCK, JAMES
1998 Personal communication. Principal at Archaeological Advisory Group. Pioneertown.
1 ; 182
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
Page $
DPD-EP 25 MEV.2183) _
1997 Heritage Resource Assessment for the Extension of Avenue 48 between Jefferson Street and
the Emergency Evacuation Channel, City of La Quinta, California. Unpublished manuscript
on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
BROWN, JAMES T.
1985 Harvest of the Sun: An Illustrated History of Riverside County. Windsor Publications.
Northridge.
BRW, INC.
1992 Final Environmental Impact Report: City of La Quinta 1992 General Plan Update.
Unpublished report on file with the City of La Quinta.
CALEXICO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
n.d. Calexico, the All -American Canal City. Brochure on file with the Spencer Library/Media
Center, Imperial Valley College. El Centro.
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
1989 Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and
Format. California Office of Historic Preservation. Sacramento.
DEMCAK, CAROL R.
1997 Archaeological Assessment of 40-Acre Parcel in La Quinta (La Quinta Quad), Riverside
County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center,
University of California at Riverside.
FOULKES, CECILIA
1985 Mecca: A California Desert History. Privately printed.
GASSER-HENRIKSEN, KAREN
1982 Archaeological Survey Report on: TT 16789 Located Near the City of Indio, Riverside
County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center,
University of California at Riverside.
GUNTHER, JANE DAVIES
1984 Riverside County, California, Place Names: Their Origins and Their Stories, Rubidoux
Printing Company. Riverside.
HENDERSON,TRACEY
1968 Imperial Valley. Neyenesch Printers. San Diego.
HOOVER, MILDRED B., HERO E. RENSCH and ETHEL G. RENSCH
1966 Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. Stanford.
JOHNSTON, FRANCIS J.
The Bradshaw Trail. Historical Commission Press. Riverside.
1987
183
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCRAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
KROEBER, ALFRED L.
1908 Ethnography of the Cahuilla Indians. University of California Publications
in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(2):29-68. Berkeley.
1925 Handbook c f the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin no. 78, pp.
1-995. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.
LANTIS, DAVID W., RODNEY STEINER, and ARTHUR E. KARINEN
1977 California: Land of Contrast. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque.
LOVE, BRUCE
1996 Archaeology on the North Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla. Unpublished manuscript on
file with the Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside,.
LOVE, BRUCE, STEVEN MOFFIT, and BAI "TOM" TANG
1994 Cultural Resources Report: U.S. Home Project, Indio, Riverside County. Unpublished
manuscript on file with the Eastern Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
McWILLIAMS, STEVEN
1970 The Occupation of the Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla (Paper 41). Unpublished paper
on file with the Easter Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
1971 The Occupation of the Shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla (Paper 42). Unpublished paper
on file with the Easter Information Center, University of California at Riverside.
MELLON AND ASSOCIATES
1997 City of La Quinta Historic Resources Survey. Unpublished manuscript on file with the City
of La Quinta.
MOURIQUAND, LESLIE J.
1998 Personal communication. Associate Planner, City of La Quinta.
NORDLAND,OLEJ.
1978 Coachella Valley's Golden Years. Coachella Valley County Water District. Coachella.
NORRIS, R.M. AND R.W. WEBB
1976 Geology of California. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
PERISCOPE
1984 Series of anonymous historical columns (October). Annual publication of the Coachella
Valley Historical Society. Indio.
184
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25(REV.2/83) Page 7
SCIENTIFIC RESOURCE SURVEYS, INC.
1989 Archaeological Surface Collection at Two Locations on Tract 23317, Bermuda Dunes,
Riverside County, California. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Eastern Information
Center, University of California at Riverside.
SHIELDS DATE GARDENS
1957 Coachella Valley Desert Trails: The Salton Sea Saga and The Romance and Sex Life of the
Date. Indio.
STRONG, WILLIAM D.
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California
Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 26(1):1-358. Berkeley.
WILKE, PHILIP J.
1978 Late Prehistoric Human Ecology at Lake Cahuilla Coachella Valley, California. University
of California Archaeological Research Facility Contribution No. 38. Berkeley.
185
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25 (REV.2/83) Page S
Figure 1
Regional location of the project area as indicated on a portion of the USGS Santa Ana
1:250,000 scale Topographic Map Sheet. 1 8 b
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
DPD-EP-25 (REV.2/83)
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NEGATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
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HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
STAFF REPORT
DATE: MARCH 18, 1999
ITEM: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT QUALIFICATIONS
APPLICANT: CITY OF LA QUINTA
BACKGROUND:
The City Council, at its February 2, 1999 meeting, requested the Qualifications for
Archaeologists be returned to the Historic Preservation Commission due to new
information being submitted (See Attachment 1). Two letters are attached which comment
on the draft qualifications (See Attachment 2). Staff has reviewed the Qualifications and
has made the following changes:
Principal Investigator, Evaluation/Data Recoveryy Excavations: Add the following:
If this person is not certified and listed on the Register of Professional
Archaeologists (ROPA) (formerly Society of Professional Archaeologists (SOPA)),
they will need to provide documentation that they meet the equivalent educational
and professional standards.
2. Crew Member: Minimum qualifications were deleted.
3 Traditional Cultural Property Expertise- Minimum qualifications were deleted. The
California Environmental Quality Act clearly defines the protocol to be followed if
Native American or other human remains are discovered.
Additionally, staff has provided excerpts from Forging A Future with a Past:
Comprehensive State-wide Historic Preservation Plan for California. (Attachment 3)
prepared by the Office of Historic Preservation Department of Parks and Recreation
Resources Agency, December 1997. The document offers some insight into the field of
archaeology and State-wide problems. By the City adopting qualifications following the
Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification Standards for the Principal
Investigator Evaluation/Data Recovery Excavations and California Department of
Transportation (CalTrans) with the exception of crew members, we are implementing State-
wide goals and objectives at the local level.
The HPC reviewed the draft qualifications at their January 20, 1999 meeting and
recommended approval to the City Council (Attachment 4).
P:AI-IPC-Cultuia1RcsConsultQual.wpd 213
RECOMMENDATION:
Recommend to the City Council adoption of the "Archaeological Consultant Qualifications.
Attachment:
1. City Council Minutes for February 2, 1999
2. Letters from Jerry Schaefer and Michael Rodarte
3. Forging a Future with a Past: Comprehensive State-wide Historic Preservation Plan
for California
4. HPC Minutes for January 20, 1999
Prepared and Submitted by:
C- A��G
Christine di lorio, Planning Manager
214
P:AHPC-CulturalResConsultQual.wpd
CItV of La QUinta
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT
QUALIFICATIONS
MARCH,1999
P:\CH RISTI\Archaeological-Consultant-Qualificaitons. wpd
215
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
1. Principal Investigator. Evaluation/Data Recovery Excavations
Minimum qualifications are as follows:
Educational requirements
Advanced degree (such as an M.A., M.S., PH.D., or D.Sc.) from an accredited
institution in archaeology, anthropology, art history, classics, history, or other
related discipline with a specialization in archaeology.
Designed and executed an archaeological study and have report on that research
in the form of a master's thesis, Ph.D., dissertation or report (or several. reports
that together are) equivalent in scope and quality to a master's thesis or Ph.D.,
dissertation. A purely descriptive report, however long, is not considered
equivalent. The thesis, dissertation, or report must show a substantive data
analysis by the applicant directed toward an explicit archaeological research
problem; and,
Certification and listing within the Register of Professional Archaeologist
(ROPA) (formerly Society of Professional Archaeologists-SOPA) or its equivalent
with regards to educational and professional requirements as noted below.
M.A. in anthropology (or related discipline) with an emphasis in archaeology. This
requirement includes completion of a thesis or dissertation consisting of the design and
execution of an archaeological study.
A total of at least 16 months of professional archaeological experience, including,
at a minimum, one year of field experience. This must include: 1) at least 24
weeks of field work under the supervision of a professional archaeologist, of
which at least 12 weeks must be excavation work; 2) at least 20 weeks of
fieldwork in a supervisory capacity, at least eight weeks of which must be on
California sites; and 3) at least eight weeks of supervised laboratory experience
on collections from California sites; and,
For prehistoric archaeological investigations, at least one year of the -required
16 months of experience must concern prehistoric archaeological resources; and,
For historical archaeological investigations, at least one year of the required 16
months of experience must concern historical archaeological resources; and,
P:\CHRIST I\Archaeological-Consultant-Qualificaitons. wpd 216 rage 2 of 5
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
Demonstrated ability to carry archaeological research to completion, as
evidenced by the timely completion of excavation proposals and reports; and,
Familiarity with the City of La Quinta resource policies, procedures and goals,
as demonstrated in research designs and past, performance.
For CEQA and/or NEPA compliance, the City is committed to ensuring that: cultural
resource studies are conducted by qualified professionals. To accomplish this goal, the
City requires that individuals working in the discipline of archaeology meet certain minimum
professional standards in education, training, and experience as described below.
2. Lead Archaeological Surveyor
The lead archaeological surveyor is authorized to sign archaeological survey reports.
Minimum qualifications are as follows:
B.A. in anthropology with emphasis in archaeology (a minimum of four upper
division archaeology courses required to satisfy this "emphasis") or B.A. in
anthropology or closely related discipline with subsequent course work in
archaeology (a minimum of four upper division or graduate courses in archaeology
required); and,
At least six months of professional archaeological experience in California, including
at least 12 weeks of California field survey experience; and,
Demonstrated ability to organize and conduct archaeological surveys, complete site
record forms, and report on survey findings.
3. Excavation Crew Chief, Extended Surveyor
The excavation crew chief is authorized to lead excavation field crews and direct extended
survey projects. Minimum qualifications are as follows:
Qualifications as a lead archaeological surveyor for the City of La Quinta; and,
A total of at least 12 months of professional archaeological experience or
P:\CH RISTI\Archaeological-Consultant-Qualificaitons. wpd 217 Page 3 of 5
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
specialized training, including: 1) at least 10 weeks of California excavation
experience under the supervision of a professional archaeologist; 2) at least four
weeks of excavation experience in a supervisory capacity; and 3) at least four
weeks of supervised laboratory experience on collections from California sites; and,
Familiarity with the City of La Quinta cultural resources policies, procedures, and
goals as demonstrated in research designs and past performance.
4. Archaeological Monitors
The minimum qualifications for archaeological field/laboratory supervisors and monitors
are:
A bachelor's degree in Archaeology, Anthropology or closely related field (e.g.,
Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology); and,
At least two years of demonstrable experience (or equivalent specialized training)
with prehistoric archaeological resources of the United States; and,
At least one year of full-time demonstrable experience at a supervisory level with
prehistoric archaeological resources of southern California.
Demonstrable experience includes, but is not limited to:
Administrative, project review or supervisory experience in a historic preservation
program or office (academic institution, historical organization or agency, museum,
cultural resources management consulting firm or similar professional institution)
with an emphasis on and related to prehistoric material culture, prehistoric
archaeological resources of the prehistoric built environment of southern California;
or,
Field work that emphasizes the identification, evaluation, treatment or
documentation of prehistoric material culture, prehistoric archaeological resources
or the prehistoric built environment of southern California.
5. Crew Member
The crew member is authorized to participate in surveys and excavations under the
direction of a lead archaeological surveyor or excavation crew chief.
P:\CHRISTI\Archaeological-Consultant-Qualificaitons. wpd 218 Page 4 of 5
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
Students and Volunteers
In order to encourage educational and community service participation, students
majoring/minoring in anthropology or a closely related college or university degree program
fulfilling course requirements or additional training/internship requirements, or volunteers
with archaeological field training certified by a university/college certification program or
archaeological society certification program are permitted to participate in appropriate
aspects of archaeological investigations with 100% supervision by a qualified Crew Chief
or higher level personnel. Student and/or volunteers are not to replace or serve in lieu of
duly qualified crew members, but rather to supplement a crew.
219
P:\CHRI STRArchaeological-Consultant- Qualificaitons. wpd Page 5 of 5
r
6
ATTACHMENT #1
City Council Minutes 13 February 2, 1999
MOTION - It was moved by Council Members Sniff/Henderson to approve the
proposed Council Policy modification to utilize the $8.50 per ton Landfill Tip
Fund to fund regional waste programs, local recycling programs, and franchise
implementation of the City's Collection and Recycling programs; and to
establish one revenue and expenditure account to tract the financial activity.
Motion carried unanimously. MINUTE ORDER NO. 99-13.
Council Member Sniff felt it's imperative for the City to continue working with
the other entities in regard to a transfer station or alternate solution because
2004 is not far away and it takes three years to build a transfer station.
Mayor Pena wished for staff to come back with the exact balance in the
account and to see some consideration given to refunding the excess funds.
7. CONSIDERATION OF ADOPTION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES 'GUIDELINES -
APPENDIX B: CULTURAL RESOURCES CONSULTANT QUALIFICATIONS.
APPLICANT: CITY OF LA QUINTA.
Ms. di lorio, Planning Manager, advised that each public and/or private project
application :submitted to the City is required to include a cultural resources
report as part of the development review process. The Historic Preservation
Commission, who has been entrusted by the State Historic Preservation Office
to uphold the Secretary of Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology
and Historic Preservation, is recommending that the City adopt the Secretary of
Interior's qualification standards and guidelines for archaeological principal
investigators. They're also recommending that Caltrans' requirements be used
for other qualified crew member positions not identified by the Secretary of the
Interior's standards.
Council Member Perkins asked about some comments on the proposed
guidelines that were distributed to Council just prior to the meeting, and stated
that he wished to review them before ,going any further with this.
Ms. Mouriquand, Associate Planner, advised that the comments were submitted
by Michael Rodarte, who she understood is a senior at Cal -State University San
Bernardino.
MOTION - It was moved by Council Member Perkins and seconded by Mayor
Pena to continue consideration of the Cultural Resources Guidelines to February
16, 1999.
220
City Council Minutes 14 February 2, 1999
Robert Wright, 53-795 Eisenhower. Drive, an Historic Preservation Commission
member, asked for this item to be referred back to the Commission for further
review.
Bruce Love, an archaeologist, stated that the project he's working on would not
be in compliance if the. guidelines are adopted as recommended, and he didn't
know of any other jurisdiction that dictates down to the crew member level.
He would be more comfortable if it contained an equivalency clause for those
without degrees.
AMENDED MOTION - It was moved by Council Member Perkins and seconded
by Mayor Pena to refer the Cultural Resources Guidelines back to the Historic
Preservation Commission for further review. Motion carried unanimously.
MINUTE ORDER NO. 99-14.
Council recessed to and until 7:00 p.m.
7:00 P.M.
PUBLIC COMMENT- None
PRESENTATIONS
The Mayor and Council Members presented Art Awards to the following students of
Adams School whose artwork has been on display at City Hall:
Sarah Baker
Cody Blate
Jessica Burnett
Lisa Carlos
Patrick Canaan
Alberto Chavez
Monique De La Rosa
Aimee Fain
Lauren Gayler
Danielle Knickerbocker
Stevie Loera
Gabrielle Martinez
Miguel Munoz
Lucy Orozco
Angel Pena
Elisa Polanco
Luis Quintero
Ismena Rivas
Itzel Roses
Juliet Segal
Penelope 'Vargas
Stephanie Wright
221
a f
f
i l i a
February 11, 1999
Mr. Stan B. Sawa
City of La Quinta
P.O. Box 1504
78-495 Calle Tampico
La Quima, California 92253
Re: Cultural Resources Consultant Qualifications
Dear Mr. Sawa,
14 ATTACHMENT 2
t e s
L= �"Ell
Ft 1 '7 1999
CITY OF LAQUINTA—
PLANNIItiG DEPARTMENT
Thank you for the opportunity to review the Draft City of La Quinta Cultural Resources
Consultant Qualifications (January 1999). I found them to be appropriate for each personnel
category and to be both sufficiently rigorous and fair. My only concern is for the number of
Cahuilla who have more than enough supervised field training in archaeology but have not had
the formal academic training. As archaeological research is particularly relevant to these
individuals and the communities that they represent, I believe that both the resource and the
Cahuilla would be well served if they could be included somehow. In summary, I believe these
qualification requirements will do much to ensure that the City of La Quinta's cultural resource
investigations are of the highest caliber.
Sincerely yours,
Jerry S efer, Ph.D.
Senior Archaeologist
222
546 Encinitas Blvd., Ste. 114, Encinitas, CA 92024
Voice: [7601 632-1094 FAX: [760] 652-0913
Feb-02-99 12:00A Michael Roclarte
l `JUy�bbb-ci�7-r
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
Demonstrated ability to organize and conduct archaeological surveys, complete
site record forms, and report on survey findings.
The excavation crew chief is authorized to lead excavation field crews and direct
extended survey projects. Minimum qualifications are as follows:
Qualifications as a lead archaeological surveyor for the City of La Quinta; and.
A total of at: least 12 months of professional archaeological expenence or
specialized training, including: 1) at least 10 weeks of California excavation
experience under the supervision of a professional archaeologist, 2) at least four
weeks of excavation experience in a supervisory capacity; and 3) at least four
weeks of supervised laboratory experience on collections from California sites,
and,
Familiarity with the City of La Quinta cultural resources policies, procedures,
and goals as demonstrated in research designs and past performance.
Princiyal Investigator Evaluation/Data $ecovery Excavations
A , s �. •o�, .� e A (--Mel lg AA-eZ. r'(�
Minimum qualifications are as follows: ", .L soC �l iGtct.s
jr �oFessio, �1 4-0-CU�LO 5} ,,,11}L
Educational requirements i �•^�` v l o q + 47 5�0
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Advanced degree (such as an M.A., M.S., P11.D. or D.Sc from an accredited
institution in archaeology, anthropology, art history, assics, history, or other
itll discipline with a specialization in archaeology; and,
xecution of an Archaeological Stud - and
Designed and executed an archaeological study and have report on that
research in the form of a master's thesis, Ph.D., dissertation or report (or several
reports that together are) equivalent in scope and quality to a master's thesis
or Ph-D., dissertation. A purely descriptive report, however long, is not
considered equivalent. The thesis, dissertation, or report must show a
substantive data analysis by the applicant directed toward an expheit
Page 3 of 6
02-02-99 01:17
RECEIVED FA.OM:909 885 6994 P.65
Feb-02-99 12_00A Michael Rodarte
(�J-U'J-)t3Gb-o'er--�-. r -••�
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
archaeological research problem and
Certification by the Society for Professional Archaeologists (SOPA) or Register
f Professional Archaeologists (ROPA)-
M.A_ in anthropoloty (or related discipline) with an emphasis in archaeology. This
requirement includes completion of a thesis or dissertation t design and
execution of an archaeological study. j L
A total of at least 16 months of professional archaeological experience..
including, at it minimum, one year of field. experience. This must include. 1) at
least 24 weeks of field work under the supervision of a professional
archaeologist, of which at least 12 weeks must be. excavation work; 2) at least
20 weeks of fieldwork in a supervisory capacity. at least eight weeks of which
must be on California sites; and 3) at least eight weeks of supervised laboratory
experience on. collections from California sites: and,
For prehistoric archaeological investigations, at least one year of the required
16 months of experience must concern prehistoric archaeological resources; and,
For historical archaeological investigations, at least one year of the required 16
months of experience must concern historical archaeological resources; and.
Demonstrated ability to carry archaeological research to completion, as
evidenced by the timely completion of excavation proposals and reports; and.
Familiarity with the City of La Quinta resource policies, procedures and goals.
as demonstrated in research designs and past performance.
Archaeological Monitors
The minimum qualifications for archaeological field/laboratory supervisors and
monitors are:
A bachelor's degree in Archaeology, Anthropology or closely related field (c.g.,
Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology); and,
At least two years of demonstrable experience (or equivalent specialized
Page a of fi
r 224
02-92-99 01:17 RECEIVED FROM:909 888 5994 P•05
Feb-02-99 12:OOA Michael Rodarte I
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
training) with prehistoric archaeological resources of the United States; and.
At least one year of full-time demonstrable experience at a supervisory level
with prehistoric archaeological resources of southern California.
Demonstrable! experience includes, but is not limited to:
Administrative, project review or supervisory experience in a historic
preservation program or office (academic institution, historical organization or
agency, museum, cultural resources management consulting firm or similar
professional institution) with an emphasis on and related to prehistoric material
culture, prehistoric archaeological resources of the prehistoric built environment
of southern California; or,
Field work that emphasizes the identification, evaluation, treatment or
documentation of prehistoric material culture, prehistoric archaeological
resources or the prehistoric built environment of southern California.
Traditional Cultural Property Expertise
The minimum qualidications for traditional cultural property expertise (1.e., Native.
American advisor/observer) are:
A community -recognized traditional cultural authority who can speak on behalf
of the community with regard to historic or prehistoric resources: or,
Community -recognized Xpesnieeie>Yto cinnsult with a traditional cultural
authority and to speak on behalf of that authority; and.
At least. one year of demonstrable experience in applying information concerning
traditional cultural properties in the historic preservation arena.
Demonstrable experience includes, but is not limited to:
Study with traditional cultural authorities concerning community traditions
associated with traditional cultural properties of southern California; or,
Teaching or passing on community traditions that relate to traditional cultural
Page 5 of o
22;5
02-02-99 01:17 RECEIVED FROM:909 888 6994 P-07
Feb-02-99 12:01A Michael ROOarLe �`J-ub�boo-o7y-.
City of La Quinta
Cultural Resources Guidelines
properties of southern California; or,
Administering or working in a program on behalf of a traditional community
that identifies, evaluated, documents and protects traditional cultural
properties in southern California; or,
Fieldwork on behalf of the community to identify, evaluate, document and
protect traditional cultural properties in southern California.
Students and Volunteers
In order to encourage educational and community service participation, students
majoring/minoring in anthropology or a closely related college or university, degree
program fulfilling course requirements or additional training/internship requirements,
or volunteers with archaeological field training certified by a university/college
cP.rtification programs or archaeological society certification program are permitted to
participate in spects of archaeological investigations with 100% supervision by a
qualified Cr C ief or higher level personnel. Student and/or volunteers are not to
replace or s e in 'eu of duly qualified crew members, but rather to supplement a
crew,
Page 6 of 6
226
02-92-99 01:18 RECEIVED FRDM:909 588 5994 P•09
Feb-02-99 12:01A Michael Rodarte �yuy�bab-ob7-.
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02-02-99 01:18 RECEIVED FROM:909 888 5994 P•08
FORGING A FUTURE WITH A PAST
http://cem.uor.edu/chri& library/l)rescr✓ation_plan/histpresplm. him
ATTACHMENT #3
FORGING A FUTURE WITHA PAST:
COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE
HISTORIC PRESER VA TION PLAN FOR
CALIFORNIA
Office of Historic Preservation
Department of Parks and Recreation
Resources Agency
December 1997
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CREDITS
The Comprehensive Statewide Historic Preservation Plan for California was prepared by the
Office of Historic Preservation with the assistance of the OHP State Plan Committee, chaired by
Eugene Itogawa. Committee members included Cherilyn Widell, Daniel Abeyta, Steade Craigo,
Steve Grantham, Cynthia Howse, Maryln Lortie, Jenan Saunders, William Seidel, and Jan
Wooley. The Office of Historic Preservation is grateful to everyone who responded to the public
questionnaire, participated in the community leadership interviews, and provided comments on
the draft State Plan. A special appreciation is extended to the State Historical Resources
Commission for providing an official and open forum for public outreach and publicity. Jenan
Saunders provided technical expertise and guidance in the design and production of the State
Plan.
The Society for California Archaeology, Office of Historic Preservation, and the State Historical
Resources Commission contributed to the preparation of the 1995 Preservation Task Force
Sub -Committee on Archaeology Report of Findings. The Archaeology Task Force members are
listed in Appendix 5.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
California is characterized by a rich historical past and a bright, promising future. The State's
historic resources represent the contributions and collective human experiences of a diversified
228
1 of 121 3/10/99 10:19 AM
FORGING A FUTURE WITH A PAST
http://cem.uor.edu/chris/library/preservation_plmhistprespimn htm
population spanning 10,000-12,000 years of occupancy in California. This heritage is embodied in
the cultural and historical landscapes of California as evidenced by the archaeological remains,
historic buildings, traditional customs, tangible artifacts, historical documents, and public records
extant in California. All these evidences of the past contribute to the sum total of California's
history. Such historical resources provide continuity with our past and enhance our quality of life.
The Comprehensive Statewide Historic Preservation Plan (State Plan) is a concise, strategic
document that describes the vision for historic preservation in California and outlines future
direction for the Office of Historic Preservation (OHP). The State Plan identifies the critical
preservation issues, needs, challenges, and opportunities for historic preservation in California.
The goals and objectives statements further clarify preservation priorities with recommendations
on improving historic preservation needs for technical assistance, education, economic incentives,
preservation partnership, and local government participation.
The State Plan represents a collaborative planning process expressing a shared vision and active
contribution of a wide range of public and private organizations and individuals with vested
interests in historic preservation programs, issues, and concerns. The State Plan also incorporates
specific archaeological issues and recommendations presented in the 1995 Preservation Task Force
Sub -Committee on Archaeoloev Report of Findings. The Report of Findinas on California
archaeology is an integral component of the State Plan.
The implementation of the State Plan goals and objectives requires the dedication and personal
commitment of many individuals and organizations interested in a society respectful of the state's
fragile cultural environment. The shared vision for historic preservation includes the principles of
working with current and new preservation partners, considering all cultural resources, and
adopting sound, mutual preservation goals and objectives leading into the 21st century.
Statewide Preservation Goals
• Increase the number of private and public historical resources that are protected
and preserved in all geographical regions of the State.
• Increase the number of individuals and organizations who understand the value
of historic preservation through education and community outreach programs.
• Improve California's economy by using historic preservation tools and incentives
to promote jobs and stimulate investment in local communities.
• Expand and diversify the existing funding base for historic preservation
programs while seeking dependable, long-term sources of economic support.
• Encourage and implement historic preservation as a regular component of
public policy planning at all levels of government.
• Ensure that the identification of, and information about, historical and cultural
resources in California is comprehensive, available in a consistent and complete
format, and continually acquired.
• Promote the preservation and the stewardship of cultural resources among a
diversified state population representing all levels of the socio-economic
spectrum.
229
2 of 121 3/10/99 10.19 AM
FORGING A FUTURE WITH A PAST
http://cem.uor.edu/chFis/library/preservation_plan/histprespla .htm
The National Park Service (NPS), Department of the Interior, is the federal agency
responsible for the nationwide administration and implementation of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.
Native American Heritage Commission
The Native American Heritage Commission is a nine member California commission
appointed by the Governor and managed by an Executive Director. The Commission
is responsible for the religious and cultural concerns of Native Americans in
California. Commission members represent Native American communities throughout
California.
State Historical Building Safety Board
The State Historical Building Safety Board (SHBSB), a 21 member public review body
in the Division of the State Architect, includes representatives from the design and
construction industries, state agencies, and local governments. SHBSB serves as the
authority on the State Historical Building Code, which provides alternative building
regulations for the rehabilitation, preservation, restoration, or relocation of ;structures
designated as qualified historic buildings. The Board is responsible for advising and
consulting with state and local agencies on the administration and enforcement of the
State Historical Building Code. Interpretation of the Code regulations or specific Code
compliance issues may be referred to the Board on appeal.
1995 PRESERVATION TASK FORCE
SUB -COMMITTEE ON ARCHAEOLOGY
REPORT OF FINDINGS
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
Findings
The stewardship and management of archaeological resources can be effective only if
archaeologists have adequate professional training and qualifications and they conduct their
activities according to a common set of principles and standards. Under the requirements of the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California archaeology has become an
unregulated industry. Presently, there are no uniform professional standards or guidelines for the
practice of non-federal archaeology in California. In a competitive contracting environment the
lack of standards, guidelines, or uniform oversight has resulted in a number of problems. While
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hup://cem,uor.edu/ch6s/library/preservation_piwhistprespian htm
the following list is far from comprehensive, it addresses several problems and deficiencies in
contemporary California archaeology.
Unqualified firms and individuals conduct "archaeological studies" and determine the
disposition of archaeological resources, which result in inappropriate, costly, and
destructive treatment.
Without statewide standards and consistent monitoring of such standards and CEQA
compliance beyond the local agency level, advocacy for the preservation of
archaeological resources is weak, resulting in a bias toward the destruction of
archaeological resources without adequate consideration of preservation alternatives
or adequate treatment.
While archaeologists should seek ways to reduce costs, the absence of uniform
professional standards or guidelines for the practice of non-federal archaeology has
resulted in competitive "low -ball" bidding that is often based on inadequate work
rather than efficient and economical procedures. The term "low -ball" also refers to
situations where the contractor purposefully bids a low price with the intent of adding
additional costs after the contract has been awarded.
Archaeological information generally is inadequate for regional research, comparison,
pattern recognition, and synthesis because there are no standards, guidelines, or
comprehensive statewide planning documents to direct the collection of consistent,
high -quality data.
Native American and other cultural descendants of archaeological resources are often
not adequately consulted or involved during archaeological resources inventories,
evaluations, and management. This results in disenfranchisement of those descendants
from their ancestral heritage, poor and sometimes hostile relations with these potential
advocates for archaeological preservation, and diminished capacity for ethnographic
and archaeological research.
Meaningful archaeological information is seldom disseminated or conveyed to the
interested public because competitive bidding discourages such "extra" costs.
Professional reports and information are not routinely provided or available to the
archaeological comnnunity, or to Native Americans, historical societies, and other
informants who are consulted and who contributed to the reports.
Academic, agency, and contract archaeology studies are often deficient in one or more
of the following areas: background research; pre -field work plans or research designs;
field survey coverage; site resource recording; adequate information, criteria, or
application of criteria for evaluation; treatment; and reporting.
Similar archaeological resource types are sometimes evaluated and treated
inconsistently.
The phasing and costing of archaeological studies (e.g., inventory, evaluation,
management) often is unnecessarily partite and protracted and often misleads clients
and the public regarding total costs of archaeology.
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http://cem.uor. edu/cbri s/library/preservation_plan/h istpresplm.htm
Curation of archaeological materials and records is inconsistent and generally
unacceptable.
Management studies conducted under different authorities (federal, state, local) do not
follow a single set of standards. Project changes and certain agency planning processes
often result in the addition of new authorities during the course of project planning.
Studies conducted under CEQA often do not meet the professional standards dictated
by federal authorities, sometimes resulting in costly delays and added expense to
supplement, revise, or redo inadequate studies.
The California Heritage Task Force Report addressed the issue of professional standards in
cultural resource management, but their narrow recommendations focused on qualifications and
hiring practices for personnel in State service. Unless Professional Standards and Guidelines
(S&Gs) are developed to address these deficiencies, the very legislative foundation upon which
cultural resources management is based is likely to be eliminated.
Recommendations
The development of Professional Standards & Guidelines for archaeology can help to address
many of the problems stated above. Uniform standards and guidelines would promote consistency
between federal, state, and local statutes, ordinances, and regulations. Such Standards and
Guidelines would provide a springboard for the foundation for a variety of implementing
measures that may be developed through legislation, rule, or agency guidance. S&Gs would
provide uniform and explicit expectations for the conduct of professional archaeological studies in
California.
The development of S&Gs can be facilitated by existing agency guidance which has been
developed over the last decade, and many of these works can be incorporated/adopted with little
modifications. The Office of Historic Preservation's (OHP) Archaeological Management Report:
Contents and Format and Guidelines for Archaeological Research Designs are two examples. In
addition, several state and federal agencies have developed internal guidance that may be
modified where appropriate and used for statewide S&Gs. Caltrans Environmental Handbook is
an excellent example of uniform standards and procedures that meet both federal and state
historic preservation mandates.
A manual should be developed under the auspices of the OHP and/or the State Office of Planning
and Research (OPR) which would include portions of the documents cited above. 'This manual
would set out professional standards for those conducting archaeological studies, would establish a
step-by-step process for conducting archaeological and other cultural resource investigations, and
would provide guidance for determining levels of effort. This would result in more consistent work
efforts by different researchers and would also provide guidance to local governments and other
agencies regarding the timing and requirements to meet local, state, and federal mandates.
Caltrans' Guidance to Consultants, U.S. Fish and Wildlife's Wetlands Manual, and California
Department of Fish and Games' special status species survey guidelines perform somewhat similar
tasks for biological studies. This manual would be used by cultural resource professionals
(archaeologists, historians, architectural historians, ethnographers, etc.) as well as local
governments for carrying out studies required for CEQA, National Environmental Policy Act
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(NEPA) and other environmental review requirements.
The following list includes a few of the topics that should be considered or addressed in S&Gs:
Efficacy of professional licensing or certification requirements
Requirements for professional oversight and involvement in archaeological studies
Minimum education and training levels for various tasks and sub -disciplines
Review of archaeological reports by qualified professionals
Consultation with and participation by the Native. American Heritage Commission
Standards for consultation with Native American and other descendant groups
Oversight mechanisms such as a grievance and review committee
Decertification and sanctioning procedures for violators of standards
Cultural resource permits for project or agency work
Criteria for dissemination of information to the public and other professionals
Standards and guidelines to ensure that Native Americans, historical and
archaeological societies, and other informants who contribute to reports are provided
a copy, or provided with information regarding where the report can be obtained
Procedures and timing for the identification, evaluation and treatment of
archaeological and other cultural resources
Guidelines for the development and structuring of technical approaches
Guidelines for participation by avocational, student, and para-professional
archaeologists as well as the interested public
CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS
LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA'S ARCHAEOLOGICAL
RESOURCES
The CEQA establishes statutory requirements for consideration of environmental impacts,
including impacts to archaeological resources, during the environmental review process. Appendix
K of the CEQA Guidelines constitutes the main guidance for consideration of archaeological
resources under CEQA. In addition, there are a number of statutes, regulations, administrative
policies, technical advice series and OHP guidelines that specifically address historic preservation
and protection of cultural resources. These include Resources Agency sponsored cultural resource
legislation that has been accomplished since 1992 and affects archaeological resources in several
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ATTACHMENT #4
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
January 20, 1999
the report with the condition that excavation for pilings and bridge supports
that reach into the lakebed sediments be monitored by a qualified
paleontologist and a report be submitted to this Commission prior to
completion of the project. Unanimously approved.
F. Cultural Resources Report for Washington Street Bridge Widening Project.
Associate Planner Leslie Mouriquand presented the staff report, a copy of
which is on file in the Community Development Department.
2. Associate Planner Mouriquand said this was for the same project as Item E,
but this is the archaeological report that was submitted. Staff did review it.
There were no cultural resources identified during their survey. Staff does
have two comments as indicated on Page 2 of your staff report. First, and
foremost, the report was submitted in letter fashion and we don't accept them
in. this format. Staff has been in communication with this consultant and they
are going to be revising it into the proper format. An additional comment that
their report needs to include is a discussion that the historic Lake Marshall,
at Marshall Road, which is now Washington Street, and a stratigraphic profile
be done on Washington Street much as was done on Old Avenue 52 and what
is being proposed for the Jefferson Street widening project as well.
3. Commissioner Puente had a question on recordation of Washington Street as
a historic roadway.
4. Planning Manager Christine di Iorio replied it was just a documentation of
the road. 52"d Avenue was actually re -located but Washington will remain
as is, so it's just documenting its history.
There being no further comments, it was moved and seconded by
Commissioners Puente/Irwin to approve Minute Motion 99-006 accepting the
report with the two conditions listed below. Unanimously approved.
a. All archaeology reports must follow the ARMR format. No letter
reports will be accepted.
b. Washington Street, formerly Marshall Road, should be recorded as a
historic roadway and a stratigraphic profile be done in the same
manner that the City required 52"d Avenue be recorded for the
Tradition Club project, and for Jefferson Street be recorded, for the
Jefferson Street widening project.
G. Cultural Resources Regulations and Procedures - Qualifications.
P:TAROL.YNAIPC t-20-99.wpd -6- 234
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
January 20, 1999
Associate. Planner Leslie Mouriquand presented the staff report, a copy of which is
on file in the Community Development Department.
6. Commissioner Maria Puente referred to the section on Lead Archaeological
Surveyor and asked who appointed this position.
7. Associate Planner Mouriquand stated the developer hires his or her own
archaeologist, or consulting firm, and then it is the responsibility of the
principal investigator, the lead archaeologist, to make sure he (or she) has a
qualified crew.
8. Commissioner Puente stated she was concerned about the developer hiring
the archaeologist and questioned if that removed their impartiality on the
project. She asked if the City could appoint a second archaeologist to
monitor future projects.
9. Planning Manager Christine di Iorio replied the policy has to be discussed
with Council. Having our own list of archaeologists isn't something that
we've actually pursued, because we have a Commission certified by the State
Historic Preservation Office to assure these qualifications are met..
10. Vice Chairman DeMersman commented that the adoption of these
qualification guidelines would take care of some of the problems we've had
previously. He also said this spells out the sort of things a developer should
be looking for when he (or she) is going to be hiring a firm; who's going to
be the principal investigator and their responsibility in hiring the rest of the
people to make up their team. It sets it out what qualifications the City
requires.
11. Associate Planner Mouriquand gave the example of Riverside County's
system which was set up a few years ago because they perceived a problem
with objectivity between the developer and the consulting firm. The way they
chose to resolve it was to establish a third -parry contract system whereby the
County contracted with an archaeologist or archaeology firm. The developer
paid the bill, but the County made the selection and oversaw things in order
to separate the consultant from the developer. It became an arduous process.
It involved hiring a person just to manage the contracts and it became a very
burdensome thing to do. I don't think it is necessary, at this time, in our City.
12. Commissioner Wright commented it was the word "qualify" that was a
problem to define. There's certainly a lot of qualified archaeologists we've
worked with in the past.
P:ACAROLYN\HPC 1-20-99.wpd -7-
235
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
January 20, 1999
13. Vice Chairman DeMersman pointed out these Guidelines were an important
step because it gives the developers something to look at and say this is what
you need to look for when you're hiring a firm.
14. Commissioner Irwin said she thought the developer would be helped by the
definition of what is expected.
16. Vice Chairman DeMersman asked if there were any other questions or
comments. There being none, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners
Irwin/Puente to approve Minute Motion 99-007 recommending to the City
Council the adoption of the document entitled "Cultural Resources
Guidelines, Appendix B: Cultural Resources Consultant Qualifications".
Unanimously approved
Associate Planner Mouriquand went over the Preservation Advocate News, as w911
as another mailer, the Community Heritage Partner. Apparently it's a firm that oes
to communities to develop a customized program. She also comme d on
Commissioner DeMersman's letter of resignation.
2. Planning Manager di Iorio discussed tlae action of the Planning ommission on
Tentative Tract 28964 that went to the Planning Commission and ill be going to the
City Council on February 2. The Historic Preservation Com ssion recommended
Conditions of Approval were included for the' Tract with so e modifications. Those
being use: of hand or mechanized excavation, subject to alified archaeologists peer
review. Also, the consultant wanted the ability to co/tinue defining the significant
areas as they do excavation that goes into a smalle ea and that was something that
was considered and is subject to Community P6velopment approval for the ability
to re -define those significant areas. So,/,evething else requested as Conditions of
Approval including the zoo-archaeologe definition of the Native American
boundaries, and excavation proced e were accepted by the applicant and
recommended to the Council by th lanning Commission.
VII. PRESENTATION
1. Christine di Iorio
Vice Chairma
2. Associ e Planne
historicalP:ACAROLYN\,that
9.wpd
the presentation of a commemorative plaque to outgoing
and thanked him for his help and expertise.
r Mouriquand read the Resolution to Vice Chairman after explaining
postcard had been scanned and enlarged on the top portion of his
10
236
C."ORRESPONDENCE
f'RIT TEN 111A TERIAL
2 3 -r
IIAR-09-99 TUE 09:49 AM FAX NO. P. 02/03
HAVE You BEEN SEARCHING FOR WAYS TO
STOP THE DETERIORATION OF YOUR HISTORIC
MONUMENTS?
TIIE CITY OF HIGHLAND INVITES YOUR IIISTORIC COMMISSION AND
CITY STAFF TO JOIN US IN DISCOVERING THF, MOST I>FI'I3CTIVI
WAYS TO RAISE FUNDS TO PRESERVE HISTORIC PROPERTIES.
1:CONOMIC INCIENTIVIKSi WORKSHOP
CiI7E'!iT :SPI3AKEIF: CHRISTY AlACAVOY
HISTORIC R LSOURC33S GROUP
wItEN. THURSDAY, MARCH 18, I999
6:00 ➢'.M. - 8:00 P.M.
BVIII:RF.: HIGIILAND CITY HALL
DONAHUE COUNCIL C:IIAMI3ERS
27215 BASF 1AN1,
HIGHLAND, CA
COST: :$10 PER CITY
TI1E FOCUS OF THIS INFORMAL WORKSHOP IS TO DISCUSS ECONOMIC
INCENTIVES AVAILABLE TO LOCAL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO 111113SUAV> AND
RESTORE HISTORIC PROPERTIES. TILE SPEAKER 'WIF.L GIVE A ONE IIOLJR
PRESENTATION AND WILL BF: AVAILABLE FOR QUESTIONS FOLLOWING,
H'OR MORE INFORMATION OR TO 1tSVP, CONTACT:
KIM S'I•ATER, CITY 017 HIG➢ILAND
(C)O(,)) &34-8732, EXT. 204 238
03-09-99 09:48 RECEIVED FROM: P.02
MAR-09-99 TUE 09:50 AM FAX NO.
P. 03/03
MAP TO HIGHLAND CITY HALL
FROM L-A_ OR LOW DESERT AREAS - TAKE 110 FREEWAY TO THE 30
FREEWAY
TAKE 30 FREEWAY TO BASE LINE
EXIT BASF LINE AND GO LEFT (WEST) TO 27215 BASE LINE
FROM HIGH DESERT - TAKE 115 TO 215 FREEWAY
TAKE 30 FREEWAY GOING FAST
EXIT BASE LINE. AND GO RIGHT (WEST) TO 27215 BASE LINE
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