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1999 06 17 HPC� T Lai C9 F O2 o s cFM OF TH�O HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION The Regular Meeting to be held in the Session Room at the La Quinta City Hall, 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, California June 17, 1999 3:30 P.M. I. CALL TO ORDER A. Pledge of Allegiance B. Roll Call IL PUBLIC COMMENT This is the time set aside for citizens to address the Historical Preservation Commission on matters relating to historic resources within the City of La Quinta which are not Agenda items. When addressim; the Historical Commission, please state your name and address and when discussing matters pertaining to prehistoric sites, do not disclose the exact location of the site(s) for their protection. III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA IV. CONSENT CALENDAR: A. Approval of the regular Minutes for the meeting of May 27, 1999 V. BUSINESS ITEMS: A. Envirommental Assessment 98- 367: Cultural Resources Reconnaissance and Review of a Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the La Quinta Resort and Club Real Project located at the northwest intersection of Eisenhower Drive and Avenida Fernando, north of the La Quinta Resort and Club. Applicant: Landaq Incorporated. Archaeological Consultant Joan C. Brown for RMW Paleo Associates, Inc.; Review Archaeological Consultant Donn Grenda for Statistical Research, Inc. B. Environmental Assessment 99-383: Archaeological Assessment of Specific Plan 99-036 and Tentative Parcel Map 29351; located northwest of the intersection of Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road. Applicant: Troll-Woodpark Company, Archaeological Consultant Bruce Love for CRM Tech . .IZY/:Ctl:PI1J C. Environmental Assessment 99-382: Archaeological Assessment of Tentative Tract 29288 and Conditional Use Permit 99-044; located northeast of the intersection of Adams Street and Miles Avenue. Applicant: Mark and Dorothy Hastings for First School of the Desert. Archaeological Consultant Bruce Love for CRM Tech. D. Interim Report on a Portion of the Phase I Archaeological Survey located at the southeast comer of Washington Street and Miles Avenue. Applicant: City of La Quinta Redevelopment Agency. Archaeological Consultant James Brock and Brenda D. Smith for Archaeological Advisory Group. VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL: VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS VIII. ADJOURNMENT UO2 HPC/AGENDA MINUTES HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION MEETING A regular meeting held at the La Quinta City Hall Session Room 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, CA May 27, 1999 This meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission was called to order by Chairman Robert Wright at 3:34 p.m. whc led the flag salute and asked for the roll call. L CALL TO ORDER A. Pledge of Allegiance. B. Roil Call. Present: Commissioners Barbara Irwin, Mike Mitchell, Maria Puente, Judy Vossler, and Chairman Robert Wright. Staff Present: Planning Manager Christine di Iorio, Principal Planner Stan Sawa, and Executive Secretary Betty Sawyer. IL PUBLIC COMMENT: None. III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA: Confirmed. IV. CONSENT CALENDAR: A. It was moved and seconded by Commissioners Vossler/Irwin to approve the Minutes of April 15, 1999, as submitted. Unanimously approved. V. BUSINESS ITEMS A. Phase I and Phase II Cultural Resource Assessment for a Proposed Lake Expansion; located on the west side of Washington Street, south of Eisenhower Drive, within La Quinta Country Club, by Archaeological Advisory Group, Mr. James Brock and Brenda I). Smith. 1. Principal Planner Stan Sawa presented the staff report, a copy of which is on file in the Community Development Department. 2. Chairman Wright asked if Mr. Brock had anything to add to the report. Mr. Brock stated the only item for consideration is whether or not the Commission would want the site monitored. In his opinion the findings were substantial enough that it should not be required. CAMy Documents\WPDOCSAIPC 5-27-99.wpd -1- , . 00 of Historic Preservation Commission Minutes May 27, 1999 3. Commissioner Irwin stated she was disappointed that the Commission received the report after the work has started. Her concern is that since they will be excavating to a deeper depth than the testing, the site should be monitored. Mr. Brock stated that in preparing their study they did dig to 2.5 meters below where the applicant is anticipating to dig and found nothing. Christine di Iorio, Planning Manager, stated the site is currently going through the grading review process. Commissioner Irwin stated she was still concerned that they are reviewing the project after the fact. 4. Chairman Wright stated the applicants have known for a long time when their project would start and the Commission should of been informed earlier. Mr. Brock stated he was confident that no significant items would be found. 5. There being no further questions, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners PuenteNossler to adopt Minute Motion 99-015 accepting Phase I and Phase II Cultural Resource Assessment for a Proposed Lake Expansion for the La Quinta Country Club, as recommended by staff. Unanimously approved. B. Phase I Test Excavation Report for property owned by the Cit s -development Agency; located at the northeast corner of 48`h Avenue and Jefferson Street, by Archaeological Advisory Group, Mr. James Brock and Brenda D. Smith. 6. Principal Planner Stan Sawa presented the staff report, a copy of which is on file in the Community Development Department. Chairman Wright asked if Mr. Brock had anything else to contribute to the report. Mr. Brock stated they had completed a systematic backhoe trench across the entire site consisting of 99 trenches down to two meters at a minimum of 50 meter intervals and found no new sites. It had a low density of artifacts and most artifacts were in deflated surface blowouts that had been picked over so the good cultural materials were gone. 'The one small area they found was buried and they ran radio carbon tests and found there had been serious disturbance to the area. Therefore, the research area of the site was dubious at best. 8. Commissioner Irwin asked how much sand would shift in 350 years. Mr. Brock stated it would depend on the location. This area is pretty level as far as dunes are concerned. In some areas at two meters you. are not even scratching the surface. At this site, you could get sites below the two meters, but it is unlikely. However, you never know, this is why they are recommending monitoring. CAMy Documents\WPDOCSU IPC 5-27-99.wpd -2- 00 q Historic Preservation Commission Minutes May 27, 1999 9. Commissioner Irwin asked if any evidence of another cultural before the Cahuilla Indians had been found. Mr. Brock stated that if there was any to be found, it will be found during the monitoring of the sewer trenching as it will go the deepest. 10. Commissioner Puente asked who the remains were given to. Mr. Brock stated they were given to the coroner and it is unknown what they did with them; they were probably give to Katherine Saubel, traditional Cahuilla Indian elder and Commissioner on the Native American Heritage Commission. 11. Chairman Wright stated he agreed that if anything were to be found it would be very deep due to the sand and in essence what they are doing is capping the site with the development of the site. 12. There being no further questions, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/Vossler to adopt Minute Motion 99-016 accepting Phase II Text Excavation Report for the 50 acres located at the northeast corner of Avenue 48 and Jefferson Street, per staff s recommendation: a. Monitoring during the rough grading and trenching. C. Cultural Resources Guidelines: Curation of Archaeological Resources. 1. Planning Manager di Iorio presented the staff report, a copy of which is on file in the Community Development Department. 2. Commissioner Irwin asked what the requirements were for a repository. Staff stated they would have to obtain. that information. 3. Commissioner Irwin stated the Guidelines appear to be generic and she would like to have a study session where the Native American representatives would be invited to discuss what should be done with the items found. After attending the Symposium and listening to what was said, she would like to have a workshop with representatives from the Indians who lived in La Quinta to discuss what is being round and how those artifacts are processed and/or handled. Some items that are found do not need to be curated, or sent to Riverside, and could be retained in the desert. 4. Chairman Wright asked what the; process was when artifacts were found and asked that a copy of the State Guidelines be sent to each of the Commissioners so they could review and plan a meeting with the local representatives to discuss the Guidelines and look at the possibility of building a repository. C:\My Documents\WPDOCS\1IPC 5-27-99.wpd -3- .. 005 Historic Preservation Commission Minutes May 27, 1999 5. There being no further comments, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/Irwin to continue this item to the next meeting. Staff was directed to get a copy of the guidelines and CEQA Guidelines to each of the Commissioners. Unanimously approved. VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS: A. Chairman Wright requested copies of the survey on the historic structures be given to each of the Commissioners. B. Commissioner Vossler informed everyone that Commissioner Irwin had been voted La Quinl:a Citizen of the Year by the Chamber of Commerce and also named Chairman of the Volunteers for the La Quinta Arts Foundation. C. Commissioner Puente asked if there was any further information on the Betty Williams project. Staff stated no further work had been proposed. D. Commissioners Discussed the Conference they had attended in Palm Springs. VIII. ADJOURNMENT There being no further business, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Vossler/Puente to adjourn this meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission to the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Historical Preservation Commission on June 17, 1999. This meeting of the Historical Preservation Commission was adjourned at 4:22 p.m. May 27, 1999. Unanimously approved. Submitted by: Betty J. Sawyer Executive Secretary C:\My Documents\WPDOCS\HPC 5-27-99.wpd -4- „y. 006 BI #A HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: JUNE 17, 1999 ITEMS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 98-367: CULTURAL RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE FOR THE LA QUINTA RESORT & CLUB REAL PROJECT AND REVIEW OF THE CULTURAL RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE LOCATION: NORTHWEST OF THE INTERSECTION OF EISENHOWER DRIVE AND AVENIDA FERNANDO, NORTH OF THE LA QUINTA RESORT & CLUB APPLICANT: LANDAQ, INC. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT: JOAN C. BROWN, R.P.A., RMW PALEO ASSOCIATES, INC. (RMW) ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT REVIEWER: DONN R. GRENDA, STATISTICAL RESEARCH„ INC. (SRI) BACKGROUND: Landaq, Inc. is presently preparing plans and applications for a 65.8 acre project consisting of a commercial village, resort, and residential development for the subject property. An additional 40.1 acres of the project site in the hillsides to the north and west will be set aside as Open Space. The purpose of this Phase I study is to locate, record, and describe: any cultural resources that may be present within the project area, and to present options for the treatment of any sites. The resulting information will be used in an Environmental Impact Report for the proposed project. DISCUSSION: A records search was undertaken to determine if prehistoric or historic sites have been recorded within or near the project site. Also, a check was made of the files of historic maps, the National Register of Historic Places Index, the Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility Listings (through October 19, 1998), and the Office of Historic Preservation Directory of Properties in the Historic Property Data File. 007 C:hpc rpt Iq club real.wpd The record search showed no previous cultural resources studies had been conducted within the project site. However, two prehistoric milling stations were recorded within the western section of the site. A total of 38 cultural resources studies have been conducted within one mile of the site. No historic features or structures were noted on the site through the historic structure research. Five historic properties are located within one mile of the site. During the field survey, the two recorded milling stations were relocated. Two additional milling stations, four historic era trash deposits, and three isolated occurences of prehistoric ceramics were found and recorded. The conclusion of the report is that the four milling station locations could have buried artifactual remains near them because of blowing sand over the years and because prehistoric sites are frequently found buried in the La Quinta area. The four historic sites should be surface collected with one test trench dug at each site to determine subsurface extent and integrity. Furthermore, the report recommends that because of the possibility of subsurface archaeological remains, the entire project site be monitored by an archaeologist during grading and other ground disturbing activities. PEER REVIEW OF PMW PALEO ASSOCIATES RECONNAISSANCE: Due to the report lacking adequate justification for recommending a Phase II assessment, the City requested an independent review of the RMW Phase I assessment. Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI) was contracted to conduct this review to determine whether a Phase II assessment is warranted and to provide justification for the determination on a site -by -site basis. The conclusion is that the milling stations are not likely to have a subsurface component due to a lack of associated artifacts, the absence of sediments, and the isolated nature of the features. Therefore, no Phase II assessment is required at these stations. With regard to the four historical period archaeological sites, SRI concurs that Phase II investigations are warranted. These sites are likely to represent unique resources as defined by Section 21083.2 (g) of CEQA in than they may contain information needed to answer important scientific research questions of a demonstrable public interest and/or may be directly associated with a scientifically recognized important historic event or person. They may also represent historical resources as defined by Section 15064.5 (a) of CEQA in that they may be: (1) associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; (2) associated with the lives of persons important in our past; or (3) likely to yield information important in history. Specifically, these sites may be related to early settlement in the Coachella Valley, the development of the hotel/resort industry, and ranching operations.. C:hpc rpt Iq club real.wpd 008 Furthermore, SRI agrees that because of the possibility of subsurface archaeological remains, the entire project site be monitored by an archaeologist during grading and other ground disturbing activities. RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Minute Motion 99- , accepting: 1.) The report titled "A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for The La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, Located in La Quinta, Riverside County", as prepared by RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated (Joan C. Brown),, as modified by the report titled "A Review of a Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for The La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, Located in La Quinta, Riverside County, California By Joan C. Brown (RMW Paleo Associates, In.)", as prepared by Statistical Research, Inc. (SRO; for partial compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Attachments: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for The La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, located in La Quinta, Riverside County by Joan C. Brown (RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated) (Commissioners only) 2. Confidential Appendices for a Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for The La Quinta Resort: & Club Real Project, located in La Quinta, Riverside County by Joan C. Brown (RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated) (Commissioners only) 3. A Review of a Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, located in La Quinta, Riverside County, California by Donn R. Grenda (Statistical Research, Incorporated) (Commissioners only) Prepared by: Submitted By: eti b, 45�mv'- Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner Christine di lorio, LPlanning Manager C:hpc rpt Iq club real.wpd 009 ATTACHMENT #1 010 AUTHOR: Joan C. Brown, R.P.A. DATE: March 1999 TITLE: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, Located In La Quinta, Riverside County, California. SUBMITTED BY: RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L Mission Viejo, California 92691 (949) 770-8042 FAX (949) 458-9058 SUBMITTED TO: Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Boulevard., Suite 130 Santa Monica, CA 90401 CONTRACT NUMBER: RMW Project Number 98-1254 MAP: USGS 7.5 Minute La Quinta Quadrangle 1959, Photorevised 1980 ACREAGE: Approximately 106 Acres KEYWORDS: La Quinta; Township 5 South, Range 6 East, San Bernardino Base and Meridian, Reconnaissance, CA-RIV-3676, CA-RIV-3677, CA- RIV-6177, CA-RIV-6178, CA-RIV-6179H, CA-RIV-6180H, CA- RIV-6181H, CA-RIV-6182H, P-33-8670, P-33-8671, P-33-8672 011 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The La Quinta Resort 8: Club Real concept plan consists of a Commercial Village, Resort, and Residential Development to be located on 65.8 acres. A additional 40.1 acres will be set aside as Open Space. The purpose of this study was to locate, record, and describe any cultural resources that may be present within the study area, and to present management options for the future treatment of the sites. Literature review revealed that the project area had not been previously examined, however, two prehistoric milling stations (CA-RIV-3676, CA-RIV-3677) were recorded within the parcel boundaries in 1989. Additional sites were recorded within the project area as a result of this reconnaissance. The newly discovered sites consist of two additional prehistoric milling stations (CA-RIV-6177, CA-RIV-6178), four historic era trash deposits (CA-RIV-6179H locus a, b, c, d, CA-RIV-6180H, CA-RIV-6181H, CA-RIV-6182H locus a, b, c, d) consisting of ten loci, and three isolated occurrences of prehistoric Brownware ceramics. If avoidance of the cultural deposits is not possible, then it is recommended that a Phase 2 evaluation of the sites be accomplished. It is recommended that a hand excavated unit be placed near each of the milling stations. It is also recommended that additional excavation in the site areas of CA-RIV-3676, CA-RIV-3677, CA-RIV-6177, and CA-RIV-6178 be accomplished by use of a backhoe. The backhoe excavation should be monitored by an archaeologist and random samples of the excavated material should be screened through 1/8th inch mesh. A surface collection should be made of diagnostic artifacts from the historic sites. The location of those artifacts should be recorded using transit and stadia radiation techniques. A detailed site map should be compiled from that information. A single hand excavation unit should be placed at each of the ten site loci to determine subsurface extent and integrity of the deposits. All recovered artifacts and ecofacts should be cataloged, analyzed and special studies undertaken, if the recovered cultural remains warrant such studies. All of the information should be complied in a report, including further recommendations for future management of the deposits if warranted. The cultural studies should be completed well in advance of any planned ground disturbing activities. The project is located in a highly sensitive area for prehistoric cultural resources. Because of the possibility that additional archaeological remains could be present, it is recommended that the project areas not previously graded be monitored by an archaeologist during all ground disturbing activities. A copy of this report, including the DPR site recording; forms, will be deposited with the Eastern Information Center at the University of Riverside; Planning Consultants Research; and RMW Paleo Associates, Inc. ;Field notes and records are on file at the office of RMW Paleo Associates, Inc. RMW Paleo Associates 012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Management Summary .......................................................0 Introduction...............................................................1 Setting ..................I Natural...... ........................................................I Cultural.............................................................5 Research/Methods/Results...................................................... 8 FieldMethods..............................................................11 Findings..................:................................................II Discussion/Recommendations................................................. 13 References...............................................................15 Figures Figure 1: Project Vicinity Ma 2 Figure2: Index Map ................................................... Table 1: Sites recorded Within One Mile Of The Project Area ..................... 9 Figure 3: Project Pr1ap Showing Site Locations ........................ Appendix B Appendix A: Personnel Qualifications Confidential -Not For Public Review (Bound Separately) Appendix B: Project Map Showing Site Locations Appendix C: Recording Forms Appendix D: Bibliography Of Previous Cultural Studies Within One Mile Of The Current Project Area PMW Pamo Aa iat� 013 iii INTRODUCTION The La Quinta Resort k Club Real is planning to construct a Commercial Village, Resort, and Residential Development to be located on 65.8 acres within the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. An additional 40.1 acres will consists of Open Space. The City of La Quinta is the lead agency responsible for approving the project. Planning Consultants Research retained RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated to complete a cultural resources study designed to locate and describe any cultural resources that may be present within the study area. The study was undertaken under the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Governor's Office of Planning and Research 1998). Public Resources Code SS5024.1, and Section 15064.5 of CEQA were used as the basic guidelines for the cultural resources study. Public Resource Code SS5024.1 requires evaluation of historical resources for their eligibility to be listed on the California Register of Historical Resources (Department of Parks and Recreation 1997). Most historical resources that are at least 50 years old are potentially eligible for listing on the California Register and must be evaluated. The Office of Historic Preservation recommends recording all cultural resources over 45 years old. The 45 year criteria recognizes that there is often a five year lag between the initial reconnaissance of a property and the date when planning decisions are made. Additional guidance was provided by CEQA and Historical Resources (Governor's Office of Planning and Research 1994). The report format follows Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format (California Department of Parks and Recreation 1991). The project area consists of 105.9 acres in the City of:La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Figures 1 and 2). Specifically the project consists of Parcel Numbers 631-300-003, 631-300- 004, 631-300-005, 631-370-017, and 631-370-018. The proposed development is !located north of Eisenhower Drive and north and west of Avenida Fernando at the base of La Quinta Mountain. Joan C. Brown, Registered Professional Archaeologist, was Principal Investigator for the cultural study and conducted field work, research, and report writing. Blanche Schmitz assisted with the field work. Personnel resumes are contained in Appendix A. SETTING Natural: The project area is located in the Coachella Valley, Riverside County, California. The Coachella Valley is in the northern portion of the Salton Trough and is separated from the Imperial Valley by the present day Salton Sea. The valley, which is considered part of the Colorado Desert, is bordered on the north and east by the Little San Bernardino, Cottonwood, and Orocopia Mountains; and on the west by the Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, and San Bernardino Mountains. The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains are the northernmost extension of the Peninsular Range. The mountains reach elevations from 6,000 to over 10,000 feet and have a pronounced rain shadow effect in the valley (Wilke 1978). RMW Paleo A. iatc 014 lj vt,2i> '.'Y )�� <,s� • th Pal Pang a m Garnet •Wat m 'Rafh .h9apch� 1 S (>r Ranch I - anc saa%�Pal c= `r�,�- Fll rl SC y,gr{n a ry � � r •lca�ettn. o s ne Pa�r7s�l t u J 01 IJ' i,>t•�y JI) .��.��.,AY-.� �: �4 'Jv �1� �'2"tr - ca hem �n `� e Ran h UG �t��\�� ` •� ;x`.-2� t ..ir Tlrve x � ��, i . 1�i��`��°r olk rS'�v/t �-• � a Zl yi�l I �'� I�. / �•L to (Tl!)'\)��TSi�i y�M1'1�jliing Edo /"� MDUNY�1� +� ,r+ Celn TORR 5 A Paleontology Figure 1: Project Vicinity.Map 1 Archaeology T History Portion of USGS 1 by 2 degree Santa Ana, California Quadrangle 1959, Revised 1979 23:392 Madero, Suite L Steatite Bird Effigy, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Recovered by RMW (949) 770-8042 Scale 1250,000 Paleo,1993 FAX (949) 458-9058 RMW Paleo Associates 015 Paleontology Figure 2: Index Map Archaeology History Portion of USGS 7.5 Minute Series La Quinta Quadrangle 1959, Photorevised 1980 San Bernardino Base; and Meridian 23392 Madero, Suite L Steatite Bird EffigY, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Scale 1:24,000 Recovered by RMW (949) 770-8042 Palen, 1993 FAX (949) 458-9058 RMW Palen Associates 016 The climate of Coachella Valley is characterized by low humidity, very low precipitation, hot summers and mild winters. High summer temperatures can reach 125 degrees Fahrenheit and frost can occur in December and January. Winter precipitation from Pacific storms tends to fall on the western slopes of the Peninsular Range as rain and snow, but very little precipitation reaches the eastern slopes or the floor of the valley. Most precipitation occurs in the winter with an average annual rains -all of 3.2 inches recorded at Indio. Occasional summer tropical storms move north into the valley from the Gulf of Mexico, producing flash flooding (Wilkie 1978). The project area is located at an elevation of 45 feet to 520 feet above sea level within the Sonoran Desert Scrub plant community. Some of the plants within that community that would have been used by the prehistoric inhabitants are Mesquite (Prosopis juliflord), Creosote Bush (Larrea divaricata), Saltbush (A triplex californico), Desert Sage (Salvia Dorrii), Cholla (Opuntia spp.), Barrel Cactus (Echinocactus acanthodes), Saltbush (A triplex ealifornica), and Agave (Agave spp.). Plants were used prehistorically for drinks, medicines, soap, dyes, construction materials, fuel, and tools; and plant fibers were used for thread, nets, and basketry (Bean 1972). Mesquite was among the most important of the desert plants. The mesquite blossoms, which are abundant in June, were roasted and could be dried, the pods (available in July and August) were either eaten fresh or ground into flour. Additionally, mesquite provided material for construction (Bean 1972:38). Creosote was used for treating ailments (Balls 1962:91). The roots of the saltbush were used as soap and the seeds were parched and ground for use in bread. The seeds of many plants, such as chia, cat's claw, palo verde, desert willow and ironwood, were used as food. Sage was mixed with tobacco leaves for smoking (Balls 1962). Numerous varieties of cactus, such as the cholla, were; abundant and provided leaves, stalks, fruit and seeds for food (Balls 1962:25; Bean 1972:40-43). The indigo bush, (when steeped in water) created a yellow dye used for coloring deer skins and dyeing fibers for use in creating patterns in baskets (Balls 1962:77). Among the animals observed or expected in the project area are various lizards, snakes, birds, rabbits, squirrels, kangaroo rats, mice, skunks and coyotes. Lizards, particularly the chuckwalla, were eaten. Rattlesnakes were caught by men experienced in handling snakes and were either boiled or roasted and used as food. Birds were not only used as a food resource but their bones were used as tools and their feathers for ceremonial regalia (Brown 1989). Rabbits provided the largest amount of animal food and their fur was used for blankets and clothing. Rabbits were killed with bows and arrows or throwing sticks, netted, or caught in snares. Most of the small animals were entirely consumed including the bones which were crushed and eaten in soups and mushes. Coyotes were probably not eaten, but their skins were used to make ceremonial objects (Bean 1972:59-63). RMW Pala Associates 4 017 CULTURAL SETTING Archaeological investigations in the Colorado desert area have been infrequent and many gaps exist in our understanding of the area's prehistory. Humans have been present in the New World for at least 12,000 years B.P. (before present). The earliest portion of the archaeological sequence is identified as the Paleo-Indian Period (Char[koff and Chartkoff 1984). There are no known Paleo-Indian sites in the Coachella Valley. The chronological framework frequently applied to the local area was established primarily on data collected in adjacent desert areas of California. Four temporal periods are generally accepted for the desert area: Pinto Period (5,000 - 2,000 B.C.), Gypsum :Period (2,000 B.C.- A.D. 500), Saratoga Springs Period (A.D. 500-1200), and Protohistoric or Late Prehistoric Period (A.D. 1,200-Historic) (Warren 1984:410-430). Pinto Period sites are few in number and are usually identified by a particular type of'projectile point. Pinto sites are usually found along dry water courses and lakes, indicating the; sites were in use when wetter conditions prevailed. Pinto sites are usually limited to the surface and are very difficult to date. Consequently, there is some confusion regarding the true range of artifact types that can be associated with Pinto Period sites. The Gypsum Period is characterized by the presence ofHumbolt Concave Base, Gypsum Cave, Elko Eared, or Elko Corner Notched projectile points. Milling equipment is found at Gypsum age sites, and becomes more: common as the period progresses. The mortar and pestle were introduced during the latter part of the period. In general, the artifact assemblage reveals an increasing reliance on vegetable resources with less emphasis on hunting. The Saratoga Springs period was a period of regional development. Milling equipment is common and pottery is introduced from the Colorado River area. The majority of the sites excavated in the Coachella Valley area date to the Late Prehistoric or Ethnohistoric Periods. Archaeological research has been conducted along the old shoreline of Lake Cahuilla in an attempt to study human adaptation to the lake environment. The first thorough analysis was based on data from four sites located along the northwest lake shore of the now desiccated lake. Desert Side -notched and Cottonwood Triangular projectile points were common in the sites. Colorado Buff Ware and Tizon Brown Ware were present in the ceramic assemblage. Quantities of shell beads made from both Gulf of California and Pacific coast shell species are present. Analysis of the material indicated dates from about A. D. 800 to A. D. 1500 (Wilke 1978). Analysis of human coprolites and floral and faunal remains indicated that shellfish, fish, aquatic birds, freshwater marsh plants, and animals and plants from both the adjacent lowlands and uplands contributed to the subsistence base. Furthermore, the analysis showed that some of the sites were occupied on a year around basis, while other sites were occupied on a seasonal basis, apparently when resources near the site were at a maximum (Wilke 1978). RMW Paleo Associates 5 j These data, combined with evidence of a stable shoreline for a duration of several hundred years, led Wilke to postulate a large sedentary population living in villages along the northwest shore of the lake, relying heavily on lacustral resources, with lesser dependance on resources in outlying areas. Subsequent studies along the east and southwest shores contradict Wilke's model, and indicate that shoreline occupation there was limited to only short term use on a seasonal basis (Pallette 1993; Wilke 1978). After periodic episodes of infilling and recession, Lake Cahuilla is believed to have receded for the last time around A.D. 1580. Populations followed the receding shoreline while continuing to exploit the dwindling resources. Archaeological excavations of fish traps, nearby associated houses and middens situated at the -95 feet elevation level produced an abundance of fish bone. Fish bone is also reported from archaeological deposits at -103 feet and -120 feet near Thermal Airport (Wilke 1978:110). Finally, the water became too saline to support the usual flora and fauna, and human populations are believed to have abandoned the desert floor. The final desiccation of the lake certainly had an impact on the populations dependent on the lake. However, exactly what occurred at this time is not certain. If the typical settlement pattern prior to the final recession was one of sedentary villages and year round dependence on the lacustral resources, the impact would have been tremendous. As resources in the immediate vicinity were quickly depleted, populations would have moved westward into the Peninsular Ranges, displacing, at least temporarily, other groups who collected in that area. If the alternative model of seasonal occupation of the lake shore is correct, then the effect of the final recession would have been less pronounced, with populations merely shifting subsistence emphasis to other areas already exploited. Evidence exists of a partial infilling of Lake Cahuilla to sea level sometime between A.D. 1158 and A.D. 1710. The possibility of partial infilling of the lake after its final recession in A.D. 1580 is further supported by the oral history of the Cahuilla Indians: When questioned about the shore -line and water marks of the ancient lake, the chief gave an account of a tradition they have of a great water (aqua grand) which covered the whole valley and was filled with fine fish. There was also plenty of geese and ducks. Their fathers lived in the mountains and used to come down to the lake to fish and hunt. The water gradually subsided'poco,''poco,' (little by little), and their villages were moved down from the mountains, into the valley it had left. They also said that the waters once returned very suddenly and overwhelmed many of their people and drove the rest back to the mountains [emphasis added] (Blake 1856:98 in Wilke and Lawton 1975:11-12). The people occupying the current study area at the time of the arrival of the Spanish are known as the Cahuilla. It is believed the Cahuilla first traveled fi-om the north to southern California about 2,000 to 3,000 years ago (Bean and Bourgeault 1989:13). They occupied a large geographic area RMW Palm Associates M 019 extending from present day Riverside to the central part of the Salton Sea with a population as high as 6,000 to 10,000 individuals (Bean 1978). Two thirds of the Cahuilla territory was in the low desert (Bean and Bourgeault 1989). The Cahuilla social structure was based on political units called sibs. Each sib had a defined territory with various sibs uniting for protection and ceremonial purposes. Each sib had villages that were occupied year around. Houses were commonly grouped around a spring in a two to three square mile area. Villages were situated to take maximum advantage of basic :resources such as climate, food, water, and materials. Individuals or groups would leave the villages for hunting, gathering, visiting, or trading activities (Bean 1972). The first recorded contact of the Cahuilla with European culture took place when the Anza Expedition, enroute from Arizona to Mission San Gabriel, passed through Los Coyotes Canyon in 1776. By 1819, several mission asistencias were established near Cahuilla territory, and many of the Cahuilla began to learn European agriculture and cattle raising techniques (Bean 1972:17). A mail route was established in 1821 from Tucson through the San Gorgonio Pass and the Coachella Valley to coastal southern California. Indian runners who carried the mail followed the route known as the "Cocomaricopa Trail" (Wilke and Lawton 1975:22). Jose Romero, looking fir a new route to the Colorado River, made two expeditions to the Cahuilla area, the first in 1823 and the second in 1826. By that time, some of the Cahuilla could speak Spanish, and Mission San Gabriel was running cattle as far east as Palm Springs (Bean 1972:17). Jose Mafia Estudillo, who accompanied Don Jose Romero in the winter of 1823-24, described in his diary the patches of corn, pumpkins, melons and watermelons he saw growing. This is the first known reference to Cahuilla agriculture (Wilke and Lawton 1975:23). When David Prescott Barrows began his studies of the Cahuilla in 1891, the population had declined greatly. In 1770, there had been approximately 2,500 Cahuilla and by 1910 only 800 remained (Sleight 1971:6). A smallpox epidemic was responsible for the death of many of the people in 1862 and 1863 (Bean and Bourgeault 1989) Barrows described the Coachella Valley as being dotted with wells, many of them marking sites of homes long ago abandoned (1967:26- 27). For generations the Cahuilla had been well diggers. Where the water table was from 10 to 30 feet below the surface, the Indians dug deep walk-in wells in the sand. The wells were great pits with terraced sidewalls leading down to a narrow hole at the bottom where the sand was banked around the well, creating small lakelets (Barrows 1967, Bean 1972). The wells were considered significant for survival in the desert and were typically surrounded by thick clumps of mesquite or other plants. The Cahuilla houses were usually dome shaped, occasionally rectangular, the sides thatched with palm fronds, tule or whatever plant was available. The roofs were supported by forked branches with holes left open for the smoke to escape (Barrows 1967, Bean 1972). Barrows claimed that the most beautiful houses were those thatched with palm. The furnishings were simple. A metate or mortar could be seer) on one side of the doorway, on the other side a water jar. The center of the room contained a hearth with cooking pots. Bunks constructed of poles were found along the 7 RMW Paleo Associates 0�0 wall, sometimes a bed consisting only of rawhide and a blanket was placed on the floor (Barrows 1967). Among the Cahuilla, hunting was the activity of men, who also performed the skinning and butchering. Women were responsible for the gathering of vegetable foods and cooking. The diet of the Cahuilla was more diversified than most North American Indians, with over 300 plants being used. The most important of the seed foods was chia. Food supplies were kept in earthen ollas or in grass baskets (Barrows 1967). The Desert Irrigation Act opened public land for settlement in the Coachella Valley in 1882. By 1902 ranching was taking place in the area and, by the 1920s, communities had begun to develop based on the industry. Walter H. Morgan, president of the Desert Development Company, is credited with establishing La Quinta as a resort community. In 1926, Morgan began construction of the La Quinta Hotel (Love et al. 1992). The mission styled hotel was constructed of thick adobe walls and tiles fired in a kiln on the premises by Mexican artisans. Norman McBeth, a professional golfer, designed the nine -hole golf course. Among the famous people that stayed at the resort were Clark Gable, Greer Garson, Marie Dressler, and Greta Garbo (Carpenter 1982: Love et al. 1992). RESEARCH METHODS/RESULTS A record search was undertaken by the Eastern Information Center at the University of California, Riverside to determine if prehistoric or historic sites had been previously recorded within or near the project area. Information regarding archaeological sites and studies within the project area and information for archaeological studies within a one mile radius of the project area were compiled. In addition to the Archaeological Inventory records, a check was made of the files of historic maps, the National Register of Historic Places Index, the Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility Listings (through October 19, 1998), and the Office of Historic Preservation Directory of Properties in the Historic Property Data File. Reports housed at the Eastern Information Center showed that no previous cultural resources studies had been conducted within the project area. However, two prehistoric imilling stations (CA-RIV- 3676, CA-RIV-3677) were recorded within the western section of the project area. CA-RIV-3676 is described (Blodgett 1989a) as a bedrock milling slick on a large boulder and CA-RIV-3677 as a bedrock mortar (Blodgett 1989b). The 13 additional prehistoric sites located within a one mile radius of the project area are listed in Table One. There have been 38 cultural resources studies conducted within one mile of the project. A bibliography of those reports is contained in Appendix D. A review of the USGS Toro Peak 15' (1941) and Indio 30' (1904) topographic maps indicated no historic structures or features present on the property. The General Land Office plat: map was.not available. RMW Paleo Associates QA1 Five historic properties located within one mile of the project area are listed in the Office of Historic Preservation Department of Parks and Recreation Historic Properties :Directory. Those properties are: The first real estate office in La Quinta (#33-7255) also used as the La Quinta administrative building. The structure was built in 1936 and is Mediterranean/Spanish in style. The La Quinta Hotel (#33-7258) was built in 1926 and was the first luxury hotel in the lower Coachella Valley. The hotel buildings were constructed in the old Spanish style with tiles fired on the premises. The site of the Old Bradshaw Road is #33-7261. This site contains the ruins o£an adobe fireplace and wall. Although the site is said to be the ruins of the old stage stop, further research is required to verify the information. The ranch foreman's home (#33-7264) from the Point Happy Date Gardens was constructed in the 1920's. The vernacular wood frame house is part of the ranch representing an important step in the development of Deglet Noor dates and was owned by the Clarkes who also raised Arabian Horses. Marie Clarke was one of the founders of the Hollywood Bowl. The Burkett Ranch site dates to the early 1900's. By the 1982 recording of the Manning Burkett homestead, five generations of the family had lived on the homestead. TABLE ONE: Archaeological Sites Recorded Within One Mile Of The Project Area SITE # DESCRIPTION SOURCE AND DATE CA-RIV-150 Five acres containing bone, fire -broken rocks, Copied from SBCM files shell and stone beads, arrow points, flakes, clay by Dorothy Cowper (1933- pipe fragment, gaming disks, metate, and 35). manos. Supplement "Village site, cremation area"...; burned shell Eberhart (1951) beads, broken utensils and ollas, pottery, bone, shell pigment, cooking and polishing stones, points, hammerstones, metates, manos, pestles, steatite tube, and throwing stick. Supplement Shells, small chips, olivella shell beads. Cowper (196?) Supplement "Much pottery, flakes, cremation area"... ; 3 Lipp and Swenson (1977). mano fragments, metate, shell fish bone, flakes, pottery, rough clay, pestle fragment, 4 shell beads. RMW Pale Associate 0 022 SITE # DESCRIPTION SOURCE AND DATE CA-RIV-151 Quarry site with sherds, rock artifacts. Johnston (1960) Supplement Rock and sherd scatters, ceramic fragments Fenenga (1972a) and some bone. CA-RIV-1181 Bone midden and sherd scatter Nissley (1972a) CA-RIV-1983 Two small loci with pottery sherds, lithic Salpas (1980) waste, bone, and a mano fragment. CA-RIV-2195 Potsherds, fire cracked rock and a shell piece. Bowles (1981) Supplement Area. used for dumping and ORV use. Site McCarthy (1989) could not be relocated. CA-RIV-2197 Numerous ceramic fragments and bone Fenenga 1;I972'b) midden, some charcoal. CA-RIV-2198 'Pot sherds and fish bone in abundance, shell." Nissley (1972b) Supplement Midden exposed on a large sand dune; chert Everson (1991a) flakes, burnt bone, ceramic sherds, fish bone, shell fragments, possible rock cairn.. CA-RIV-2199 Ceramic fragments and fish bone. Midden Fenega (1972c.) appears to extend under large dune. Supplement Midden exposed in blowout; chert flakes, Everson (1991b) burnt bone, numerous ceramic sherds, mano fragment, fish bone, shell, stone ball, Cottonwood series projectile points. CA-RIV-3027 Low density scatter of pottery and burnt Schaefer and Gonzalez rodent (bird) bones. (1985) CA-RIV-3678 Bedrock slick on a large boulder. Blodgett (1989c) CA-RIV-4168 Light midden on face of large sand dune: burnt Everson (1991c) bone, fish bone, shell fragments, numerous potsherds, shell bead, ceramic scoop, ceramic ball, stone ball, projectile points, rock cairn. Test excavation revealed depth of ridden to exceed one meter. RMW Paleo Associates 10 023 SITE # DESCRIPTION SOURCE AND DATE CA-RIV-4169 Light midden: Potsherds, burnt bone, shell Everson (1991d) bead. test excavation revealed midden to 20 cm in area tested. CA-RIV-5512 Bedrock slick on boulder. Mouriquand-Cherry (1993) FIELD METHODS The surface examination of the Ratter portions of the project area was accomplished by walking parallel transects spaced at intervals from three to twenty meters apart. Rocks located at the base of La Quinta Mountain and within the project area were examined for evidence of milling stations and rock art. It was necessary to brush sand from some of the rock surfaces using a soft three inch paint brush. The clusters of historic era trash were marked with red engineering tape as they were observed. Those locations were later recorded on a 1:100 scale :map. The locations of the prehistoric milling stations and isolated occurrences of prehistoric; ceramics were recorded on the 1:100 scale map when they were observed. FINDINGS During this reconnaissance, two previously recorded milling stations, CA-RN'-3676 and CA- RIV-3677, were relocated and site supplemental records were later prepared. Two additional milling stations, CA-IU V-6177 and CA-RIV-6178, four historic era trash deposits, CA-RIV- 6179H, CA-RIV-6180H, CA-RIV-6181H, CA-RIV-6182H, and three isolated occurrences of prehistoric ceramics Primary Numbers 33-8670, 33-8671, 33-8672 were found and recorded with the Eastern Information Center at the University of California, Riverside. Copies of the site recording forms are located in Appendix C of this report. CA-RIV-3676 was described as a bedrock slick on a large boulder and CA-RIV-3677, located about 300 feet to the east, as a bedrock mortar when they were recorded by Leslie Blodgett in 1989. At that time Blodgett stated that the site areas were being used as a party place by local youth. She also described disturbances, such as shell casings and broken glass. Both the grinding slick and the bedrock mortar were found during this reconnaissance to be as described in 1989. The areas surrounding the milling stations still contain evidence of youth activities and a large quantity of modern debris is present. CA-RIV-6177 consists of a well developed grinding slick or a shallow dished mortar on a large boulder. The area contains extensive amounts of modern trash, including large quantities of discarded clothing and furniture. RMW Pa1w Associates 11 024 CA-RIV-6178 is a highly polished grinding slick on a large boulder. A single fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic was observed approximately 75 feet east of the slick. The four milling stations are located within the boulders along the base of La Quinta Mountain. CA-RIV-6179H, which is located about 1600 feet southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee, consists of historic era trash deposits. Locus A contains approximately 300 visible items, primarily fragments of shattered glass; clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, and amethyst in color. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Ball and Mason canning jar fragments, and navy blue and orange striped ironstone fragments. Much of the fragmented glass is near the racks at the base of the mountain and could have been used for target practice. Locus B (which contains about 250 fragmented items) is located about 10 meters east of Locus A. Locus B contains clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, lavender, and amethyst glass. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Mason canning jar fi-agments, and a fragment of prehistoric; Brownware ceramic. At least three tobacco cans were observed as well as a metal twist key, the bottom of a "Cory" bottle, a saucer fragment ("Buffalo China"), a cup handle, gold crockery fragments, and a "Hazel -Atlas" bottle bottom. Locus B contains a hole from pot hunting activities. Locus C is located about 16 meters northeast of Locus B. Locus C contains a scatter of approximately 10 - 15 cans, some with solder dot tops, and old wire mesh fencing. Locus D is located about 11 meters northeast of Locus C. Locus D contains about 250 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, brown, green, and amethyst glass. The bottom of an opalescent glass flask has a date of March 9 - 1924. There were also two brandy/wine bottle finishes and metal hangers. The glass fragments are larger at Locus D than at Locus A or B. CA-RIV-6180H is located about 1400 feet southwest of the intersection of Avenida Femando and Avenida Caylee. The site consists of historic era trash, primarily tin can fragments. One area contains hundreds of metal fragments ranging from dime to quarter in size. Additionally, there are tobacco cans, evaporated milk cans, a syrup can, broken bottles, an aqua Mason jar rim, and crockery. Many of the items are eroding down a sand dune. CA-RIV-6181H is located about 1100 feet west of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee. The site consists of a historic era trash deposit of approximately 100 items. The items observed include over a dozen small evaporated milk cans, tobacco cans;, canning jar fragments, amber, lavender, aqua, clear, and opalescence glass fragments, white semi -porcelain dish fragments with pink flowers, and the rim of a five pound ham can. A large bottle collector's hole is evident within the deposit and an assortment of items (rejects) are laid out above the small erosional gully north of the deposit. RMW Paleo Associates 12 025 CA-RIV-6182H is located about 1300 feet southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee. The site consists of historic era trash deposits. Locus A contains about 20 items, primarily decomposing cans, including a tobacco can and a large three gallon can. Locus B is a large scatter located about 25 meters south of Locus A. Locus B contains over 500 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, aqua, rnilkglass, brown, green, and amethyst glass fragments, an old inkwell, sardine, lard, and tobacco cans, both large and small evaporated milk cans, syrup cans, and small, possibly, spice cans. Many fragments of semi -porcelain dinnerware in various patterns and crockery fragments were also observed. Locus B contains holes from bottle collectors, and modern trash has been dumped in this area. Locus C is located about 28 meters northeast of the northern edge of Locus B. Locus C contains over 100 items including clear, aqua, and amethyst glass, tobacco cans, one pound lard pail, small evaporated milk cans, and a skillet handle. Locus C contains a hole from a bottle collector and modern trash has also been dumped in the area. Locus D is located two meters north northeast of Locus C, and could represent slope wash from Locus C. This area contains about 100 items, including a collared ring finish on an aqua bottle fragment, blue, green, clear, cobalt blue, and aqua glass fragments, a milk bottle rim, canning jar fragments, small evaporated milk cans, and grommets. Loci B, C, and D have trash scattered both as a result of the potting and natural erosion. Modern trash was found dumped along most of the dirt roads. The trash was variable, including household items, clothing, yard waste, and construction debris. During the field reconnaissance, it was obvious that the southeast portion of the project area near Eisenhower Drive had been disturbed. Brushing for vegetation removal, near Eisenhower and Avenida Fernando, appears quite recent. However, most of the disturbance apparently occurred many years ago. The area appears to have been graded, and stand pipes containing electrical wires are protruding from the ground. Seemingly, a portion of the project area had been subjected to the early stages for of a development that was not completed. DISCUSSION/ RECOMMENDATIONS This study was undertaken under the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). CEQA requires that the effect a project will have on cultural resources be assessed and recommends avoidance or in -situ preservation of archaeological sites. When avoidance is not feasible, affected archaeological resources must be evaluated to determine their importance. Sites determined to be not important require no further work. The effects of the project on important archaeological sites must be mitigated to a level of insignificance, generally through excavation. Under Section 15064.5 of CEQA an important archaeological resource is one which: (A) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; (B) Is associated with the lives of persons important in 13 RMW Paleo Aasa:iaW 026 our past; (C) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possess high artistic values; (D) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. If avoidance of the cultural deposits is not possible, then it is recommended that a Phase 2 evaluation of the sites be accomplished. The milling stations are located at the base of the mountain. Blowing sand, deposited since prehistoric use of the area, could have covered artifactual remains. Prehistoric sites are frequently found buried and/or partially buried in the La Quinta area. It is recommended that a hand excavated unit be placed near each of the milling stations. It is also recommended that additional excavation in the site areas be accomplished by use of a backhoe. The backhoe excavation should be monitored by an archaeologist and random samples of the excavated material should be screened through 1/8th inch mesh. Level control should be maintained as accurately as possible. A surface collection should be made of diagnostic artifacts from the historic sites. The location of those artifacts should be recorded using transit and stadia radiation techniques. A detailed site map should be compiled from that information. A single hand excavation unit should be placed at each of the ten site loci to determine subsurface extent and integrity of the deposit. All recovered artifacts and ecofacts should be cataloged, analyzed, and special studies undertaken, if the recovered cultural remains warrant such studies. All of the information should be complied in a report, including further recommendations for future management of the deposits, if warranted. The cultural studies should be completed well in advance of any planned ground disturbing activities. The project is located in a highly sensitive area for prehistoric cultural resources. Although most of the land within a one mile radius has not yet been examined for cultural resources, 13 prehistoric sites have been recorded within one mile, in addition to the four sites located within the project area. Because of the possibility that additional archaeological remains could be present, it is recommended that the project areas not previously graded be monitored by an archaeologist during Q nd disturbing activities. Joan C. Brown, R.P.A. Senior Archaeologist RMW Palm Al iale 14 REFERENCES CITED Balls, Edward K. 1962 Early Uses of California Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley. Barrows, David Prescott 1967 Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians. Published by the Malki Museum, Banning, California. Bean, Lowell John 1972 Mukat's People: ' The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1978 Cahuilla. In Handbook of North American Indians: California, Robert F. Heizer, editor, Vol 8. pp. 575-578. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Bean, Lowell John and Lisa Bourgeault 1989 Indians of North America. The Cahuilla. Frank W. Porter III, general editor. Chelsea House Publishers. Blodgett, Leslie M. 1989a Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-3676). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1989b Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-3677). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1989c Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-3678). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Bowles, L.L. 1981 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2195). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Brown, Joan C. 1989 A Taxonomic Analysis of Avian Faunal Remains from Three Archaeological Sites in Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles County, California. Archives of California Prehistory V 30. Coyote Press Salinas, California. California Department of Parks and Recreation 1991 Archeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format. Office of Historic Preservation. Sacramento, California. RMW Paleo Associates 15 n ....;, - 028 California Department of Parks and Recreation 1995 California Archeological Inventory Handbook for Completing an Archeological Site Record. Office of Historic Preservation. Sacramento, California. Carpenter, Anne 1982 Historic Resources Inventory Record for the La Quinta Hotel. On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Chartkoff, Joseph L. and Kona Kerry Chartkoff 1984 The Archaeology of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Cowper, Dorothy 1933 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-150). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1967 Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-150). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Eberhart 1951 Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-150). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Everson, Dicken 1991a Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2198). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1991b Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2199). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1991c Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-4168). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1991d Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-4169). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Fenenga, G. 1972a Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-151). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1972b Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2197). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. RMW Paleo Associates 16 029 Fenenga, G. 1972c Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2199). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Governor's Office of Planning and Research 1998 California Environmental Quality Act Statutes and Guidelines. Governor's Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento, California. http://ceres.ca.gov/cega/rev/approved.hl:n-d Johnstons 1960 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-151). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Lipp and Swenson 1977 Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-150). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Love, Bruce, Joan S. Schneider, Gwyn Alcock, Dawn Reed, Kevin Hallaran, and Tom Tang 1991 Cultural: Resources La Quinta General Plan EIR. On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. McCarthy, Daniel F. 1989 Supplemental Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2195). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Mouriquand-Cherry, Leslie 1993 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-5512). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Nissley, C. 1972a Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-1.181). On file at the Eastern :Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1972b Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-2198). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Pallette, Drew 1993 Coachella Valley Prehistory: A Brief Chronology. In Ashes, Faults and Basins, Special Publication Volume 93-1 pp 64-66. San Bernardino Museum Association, San Bernardino. Salpas, Jean A. 1980 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-1983). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. RMw Pa1w Associet" 17 030 Schaefer, J. and T. Gonzalez 1985 Archaeological Site Record (CA-RIV-3027). On file at the Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Sleight, Frederick W. 1971 Preface in Desert Hours with Chief Pate:ncio as told to Kate Collins by Chief Francisco Patencio, Roy F. Hudson, editor. Published by the Palm Springs Desert Museum, Warren, Claude N. 1984 The Desert Region. In California Archaeology, Michael Moratto, editor, pp 339- 430. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida. Wilke, Philip J. 1978 Late Prehistoric Ecology at Lake Cahuilla, Coachella Valley, California. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility Number 38. University of California, Berkeley. Wilke, Philip J., and Harry W. Lawton 1975 The Cahuilla Indians of the California Desert: Ethnohistory and Prehistory. Part 1 Early Observations on the Geography of Coachella Valley. Lowell John Bean, editor. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 3 (1): 9-43. RMW Paleo Associates 031 18 APPENDIX A Personnel Qualifications 032 RESUME Joan C. Brown EDUCATION 1988 M.A. (Anthropology: Emphasis in Archaeology) California State University Fullerton (C.S.U.F.). Thesis Research: Avifauna remains from Archaeology Sites. Independent research in progress: Fossil Birds from Archaeological and Paleontological Sites. 1982 B.A. (Anthropology). C.S.U.F. 1979 A.A. (Social Science). Saddleback College Mission Viejo, California. MEMBER Pacific Coast Archaeology Society Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society for California Archaeologist Register of Professional Archaeologist CERTIFICATION Certified by the Register of Professional Archaeologist as a Field Archaeologist. Certified as an Archaeologist by the County of Orange Environmental Management Agency. Certified as an Archaeologist by the County of San Diego. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1988 - RMW Paleo Associates Senior Archaeologist: Present Responsibilities include project management, proposal writing, report: writing and personnel supervision. 033 1987-88 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation. Responsibilities included molding and casting of fossils for 75th Anniversary of Rancho La Brea Traveling Exhibit. 1987 Field Director: Historical Archaeology Sites. Heritage Park Project, Same Fe Springs, California. Mitigation of sites prior to reconstruction of Victorian era, and Mission period remains. 1985 Analysis of faunal remains from archaeology sites. Archaeological Associates, Sun City, California. 1983-85 Paleontological field salvage, includes monitoring, evaluating and collection of fossils. RMW Paleo Associates. Mission Viejo, California. 1983-85 Archaeological site surveying, salvage and laboratory work, including; faunal analysis. Archaeology Resource Foundation. C.S.U.F. Fullerton, California. 1982-83 Field Director: Pacific Coast Archaeology Society. Responsibilities included being in charge of over thirty volunteers during the survey, recording and analysis of seven archaeology sites at Crystal Cove State Park, Corona del Mar, California. 1982 Paleontological field salvage. Los Angeles County Museum National Geographic Grant. 1981 Laboratory preparation of fossil specimens. Los Angeles County Museum National Science Foundation Grant. 1980-81 Paleontological field salvage. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. Santa Ana, California. 1978-79 Archaeological site surveying. Christina Brewer and Company, Laguna Beach, California. 1979- Associate: Natural History Museum of'Los Angeles County. Responsibilities Present include field collecting of specimens, laboratory preparation of materials, micro - fossil sorting, cataloging of museum collections. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Presentations and guest lecturer for: Southern California Academy of Sciences 100th Anniversary meeting held at University of Southern California and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. California State University, Fullerton Anthropology Department. Saddleback College Anthropology Department. 034 PUBLICATIONS Barnes, L.G., Raschke, R.E., and Brown, J.C., 1984, A Fossil Baleen Whale from the Capistrano Formation in Laguna Hills, California, pp. 11-18: in Butler, B., Gant, J., and Stadum, C.J., eds., The Natural Sciences of Orange County, vol. 1, Natural History Foundation of Orange County. Brown, Joan C., and Eloise Richards Barter, 1987, PCAS Project at Crystal Cove State Park: pp. 1-6: in Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 4. Barnes, L.G., Raschke, R.E., and Brown, J.C., 1987. A Fossil Baleen Whale, pp. 7-10: in Whale Watcher Journal of the American Cetacean Society. Brown, Joan C., 1989. A Taxonomic Analysis of Avian Faunal Remains from Three Archaeological Sites in Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles County, California. Archives of California Prehistory vol. 30. Coyote Press, Salinas, California. In Press. Analysis of Marine Mammal Bones from A Pre -Historic Site in Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles, County, California. Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1988-1991. Speciality Studies in Faunal Analysis on file at: Archaeological Advisory Group, Newport Beach, California, Archaeological Associates Limited., Sun City, California and California State University, Fullerton. 035 RESUME Blanche A. Schmitz 24631 Catalonia Circle Mission Viejo, CA. 92691 (714)830-9092 EDUCATICIN Masters of Arts Degree in Anthropology, Emphasis in Archaeology; California State University, Fullerton. Masters Project: The Anazai Then and Now. Museum Display, Anthropology Museum, California State University, Fullerton. 1988 Bachelor Arts Degree in Anthropology, with honors; California State University Fullerton. 1984 Associate of Arts Degree in Social Science, magna cum laude; Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, California. 1981 ORGANIZATIONS Pacific Coast Archaeology Society Society for California Archaeology Advisory Committee Inter -Tribal University Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA (1990-1991). PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1988 - Adjunct Instructor of Anthropology, Grange Coast College, Costa Mesa, Present California. 1983 - Archaeological site surveying, salvaging and laboratory analysis. Paleontological Present field salvage and monitoring. RMW Paleo Associates, Mission Viejo, CA. 1985-87 Archaeological salvage, Archaeological Resource Management Corporation (ARMC), Fullerton, California. 1985 Archaeological salvage, Archaeological Research Foundation, California State University Fullerton. 1978-80 Archaeological site surveying, Christine Brewer & Company, Laguna Beach, California. 036 ATTACHMENT #2 037 AUTHOR: Joan C. Brown DATE: March 1999 TITLE: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, Located In La Quinta, Riverside County, California. CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES SUBMITTED BY: RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L Mission Viejo, California 92691 (949) 770-8042 FAX (949) 458-9058 SUBMITTED TO: Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 130 Santa Monica, CA 90401 CONTRACT NUMBER: RMW Project Number 98-1254 MAP: USGS 7.5 Minute La Quinta Quadrangle 1959, Photorevised 1980 ACREAGE: Approximately 106 Acres KEYWORDS: La Quinta; Township 5 South, Range 6 East, San Bernardino Base and Meridian, Reconnaissance, CA-RIV-3676, CA-R[V-3677, CA- RIV-6177, CA-RIV-6178, CA-RIV-61791-1, CA-RIV-6180H, CA- RIV-6181H, CA-RIV-6182H, P-33-8670, P-33-8671, P-33-8672 038 APPENDIX B Project Map Showing Site Locations 039 U-0 -.,�ian Welis cin N �- yI� DPP UK �, 1` \Gil I ..^1i^--' � !� • • q '� ) / Lp s L\�° f ai 2*a•ly� \ � \ rl CA_RIV_3677 „ „nI \ \I CA—RIV-6178 C:A R,IV-6177 — 3V � CA—RIV 3676Ceramics ti CA—RIV-6179. CA RIV-6180H / �\ rsaG ti )� CA—RIV-6181H / II �� j �• CA—RIV-6182H1��^ L\��\\iWater �� Well .Cif Paleontology Figure 3: Project Map Archaeology History Portion ofUSGS 7.5 Minute Series La Quinta N Quadrangle 1959, Photorevised 1980 San Bernardino r1,da•� Base and Meridian 23392 Madero, Suite L steatite Bird Effigy, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Scale 1:24,000 Recovered by RMW (949) 770-8042 Paleo, 1993 FAX (949) 458-9058 040 APPENDIX C Site Recording Forms 041 Page 1 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): PI. Other Identifier *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County Riverside *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; NW 1/4 of NE _1/4 of Sec 36 : San Bernardino B.M. P2c. Address City Zip P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 563820 mE/ 3728740 mN P2e. Other Location Data: Approximately 2500' northwest of the intersection of Coachella Drive and Eisenhower Drive at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Bedrock slick on large boulder - Milling station. As described in orhzinal *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Milling slick AP4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] ]District [ ] Element of District (] Other P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page. M. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation page *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 042 Page 2 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): CA-RIV-3676 - UPDATE *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Plannine Consultants Research, 233 Wilshire Blvd- Suite 130, Santa Monica, CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated 23392 Madero Suite L, Mission Viejo, CA 92691, (949) 770-E;042 *P9. Date Recorded:. February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Ouinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Ouinta, Riverside County, California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite ]L, Mission Viejo, California 92 991 (949)770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) _ *Required information 043 Page 3 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Photo shows bedrock milling feature. View is towards the east. 044 Page 4 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): CA-RIV-3676 Update Map Name: USGS La Quinta California 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Scale: 1:21000 045 Page 1 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Pl. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; NW 1/4 of NE _1/4 of Sec 36 : San Bernardino B.M. Plc. Address City P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 563980 mE/ 3728660 mN Zip P2e. Other Location Data: Approximately 2200' northwest of the intersection of Coachella Drive and Eisenhower Drive at the base of La Quinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Bedrock mortar on large boulder -Milling station. As described in original *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Bedrock mortar AP4 *P4. Resources Present: ( ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other M. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page M. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation nape *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 046 Page 2 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): CA-RIV-3677 - UPDATE *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed forPlanning Consultants Research. 233 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 130, Santa Monica. CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated, 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Viejo, CA 92691. (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type:_ Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Ouinta Resort & Real Project. Located In La Ouinta, Riverside County, California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691 (949)770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) _ *Required information 047 Page 3 of 4 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): 2 Bedrock mortar. View is towards the east. J -e..-P v 048 Page 4 of 4 Resource Name or #: (.assigned by Recorder): CA-RIV-3677 update Map Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Minute Ouadrangle Scale: 1:24,000 049 Page 1 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LO 1 P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36, San Bernardino B.M. P2c. Address City P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 564200 mE/ 3728695 mN Zip P2e. Other Location Data: About 1000' northwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain *P3a. Description: Milling feature consisting of a well developed (basin) slick on a large boulder. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and coders) Milling Slick AP4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) Refer to continuation page. M. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation page *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 050 Page 2 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 130, Santa Monica, C'A 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Palen Associates, Incorporated,_ 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Viejo, CA 92f591, (714) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: Brown, Joan C.: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance FIor The La Quinta Resort & Real Proiect, Located In La Quinta, Riverside Countv, California. *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [x] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Record [ ] District Recorc Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [) Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) _ [] [ ] Linear *Required information 051 Page 3 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 1 Refer to sketch *Al. Dimensions: a. Length ( 1 'b. Width Method of Measurement: [ ] Paced [x] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other: Method of Determination (check any that apply): [] Artifacts [x] Features [ ] Soil [ ] Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ ] Animal burrow [ ] Excavation [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain): — Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain: Could be buried Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Paved/built over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [x] Disturbances [ ] Vegetation [ ] Other (Explain): Area contains extensive amounts of modern trash and blown sand. _ A2. Depth: _ [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determinatiorc *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [x] Unknown (Explain): *A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): _Site consists of a single polished milling feature which is either a shallow dished mortar i 3 cm deep) or well developed slick. *A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): None visible. A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. *A7. Site Condition: [ ] Good [x] Fair [ ] Poor (Describe disturbances.): Area contains extensive amounts of modem trash and blown sand. *A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River: 1 1/2 kilometers northeast, intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest. *A9. Elevation: 100' (30 meters) 052 Page 4 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): The milling feature is located on an easily accessible south facing boulder at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. The area contains wind blown sand and sparse ve et„e, ation, primaHy native grasses All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [x] Prehistoric [ ]'Protohistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ 1) 1848-1880 [ ] 1880-1914 [] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [ ] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to Continuation Page Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Pala;o Associates. 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Vigo, California 92691. (949) 770-804'2 *A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown Date: February 1999 Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite Mission Vigo. California 92691. (949) 770-80{2 *Required information 053 1 r 4 Page 5 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L I Photo to the left shows boulder containing milling feature. View is towards the north. Photo below shows milling feature. View is to the south. 054 is r wry P ry - p aa�irC '/ Page 6 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Shallow Basin Slick on a granitic boulder. Rock surface is approximately 300 cm x 210 cm. Grinding Slick measures 16 cm x 14 cm and is 3 cm deep. Scale is approximately I to 20 055 Page 7 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ1 Map Name: USGS La Quinta California 7.5 Nfmute Quadrangle Scale: 114,000 056 Page 1 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): PI. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S, R 6E ; NW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. P2c. Address City P2d. UTM: Zone 1 l ; 563990 mE/ 3728605 mN WE P2e. Other Location Data: About 1200' northwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Milling Feature consisting of a highly polished slick on a large boulder. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Milling slick AP4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other PSa. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page. PSb. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation page. *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 057 Page 2 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for ]Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 130, Santa Monica, CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated, 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Viejo, CA 92 591, (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. ReportCitation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Quinta, Riverside County, California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite I, Mission Viejo, California 92691, (949)_770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [x] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeolog:ical Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Ail Record [ j Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information Page 3 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 2 Refer to sketch *Al. Dimensions: a. Length ( ) b. Width Method of Measurement: [ ] Paced [x] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other: Method of Determination (check any that apply): [] Artifacts [x] Features [ ] Soil [ ] Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ 11 Animal burrow [ ] Excavation [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain):_ Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain: Could be buried Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Paved/built over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [ ] Disturbances [ ] Vegetation [ ] Other (Explain): Blown sand and modern trash dumped in the area. A2. Depth: _ [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determination:_ *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [x] Unknown (Explain): "A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate sis:e, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): _Site consists of a well developed, highly polished, grinding slick on a large boulder. 'A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): One fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic was observed approximately 75' east of the milling feature. *A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. "A7. Site Condition: [ ] Good [x] Fair [ ] Poor (Describe disturbances.): Area contains modem trash and blown sand. "A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River: 1 1/2 kilometers northeast, intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest. 059 Page 4 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): *A9. Elevation: 100' (30 meters) A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): The milling feature is located on an easily ccessible northwest facing boulder at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. The area contains wind blown sand and sparse vegetation primarily native grasses_ All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [x] Prehistoric [ ] Protohistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ ] 1848-1880 [ ] 1880-1914 [x] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to continuation page Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero Suite L, Mission Vieio, California 92691 (94 9 7�8042 *A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown ]Date: February 1999 Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Vieio, California 92691, (949) 770-8 A2 *Required information 060 r. Page .5of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ2 .1y" Photo to the left shows boulder containing milling feature View is towards the north. Photo below shows milling feature. View is to the east. 4L L 'N' 061 Page 6 of 7 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Grinding Slick on a granitic boulder. Rock surface is approximately 125 cm x 95 cm. Grinding Slick measures 26 cm x 22 cm. i t Scale is approximately 1 to 20 " 0 61) Page 7 of Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ2 Map Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Mnute Quadrangle Scale: 1-24.000 •... 063 Page 1 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County Riverside *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S, R 6E ; SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. Plc. Address _ City P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 563860 mE/ 3728415 mN Zip P2e. Other Location Data: About 1600' southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Cavlee at the base of La Quinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Site consists of historic era trash deposits. Locus A contains approximately 300 items, primarily fragments of shattered glass; clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, and amethyst. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Ball and Mason canning jar fragments, and navy blue and orange striped ironstone fragments. Much of the fragmented glass is near the rocks at the base of the mountain and could have been used for target practice. Locus B (which contains about 250 fragmented items) is located about 10 meters from Locus A at 95 degrees from magnetic north. Locus B contains clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, lavender, and amethyst glass. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Mason canning jar fragments, and a fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic. At least 3 tobacco cans were observed as well as a metal twist key, the bottom of a "Cory" bottle, a saucer fragment ("Buffalo China"), a cup handle, gold crockery fragments, and a "Hazel -Atlas" bottle bottom. Locus B contains a hole from pot hunting activities. 064 Page 2 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Locus C is located about 16 meters from Locus B at 50 degrees from magnetic north. Locus C contains a scatter of approximately 10 - 15 cans, some with soldered dot tops, and old wire mesh fencing. Locus D is located about I 1 meters from Locus C at 45 degrees from magnetic north. Locus D contains about 250 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, brown, green, and amethyst glass. The, bottom of an opalescent glass flask has a date of March 9 - 1924. There were also 2 brandy/wine bottle finishes and metal hangers. The glass fragments are larger at Locus D than Locus A or B. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Historic trash deposit AH4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page P5b. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation page *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [x] Historic [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Both *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd.. Suite 130, Santa Monica. CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates. Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Viejo, CA 92591 (_949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Ouinta Resort & Real Project. Located In La Ouinta. Riverside i"ounty. California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates. 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691, (949)770-8042 — *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock An Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information 065 Page 3 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L03H *Al. Dimensions: a. Length ( ) b. Width-( Locus A: @ 30' (9 meters) N/S by 16' (5 meters) E/W Locus B: @ 50' (15 meters) N/S by 98' (30 meters) E/W Locus C: Widely scattered Locus D; @ 26' (8 meters) N/S by 40' (12 meters) E/W Method of Measurement: [x] Paced [ ] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other: Method of Determination (check any that apply): [x] Artifacts [ ] Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ ] Animal burrow [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain): [ ] Features [ ] Soil [ ] Excavation Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain: Could be buried deposits. Trash has been scattered by erosion ;and collectors. Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Pavedibuilt over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [x] Disturbances [ ] Vegetation [ ] Other (Explain): Bottle collectors, wind, and water. A2. Depth: _ [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determination: *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [x] Unknown (Explain): *A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): *A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): Site consists of historic era trash deposits. Locus A contains approximately 300 items primarily fragments of shattered glass; clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, and amethyst. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Ball and Mason canning jar fragments, and navy blue and orange striped ironstone fragments. Much of the fragmented glass is near the rocks at the base of the mountain and could have been used for target practice. Locus B (which contains about 250 fragmented items) is located about 10 meters from Locus A at 95 degrees magnetic north. Locus B contains clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, milkglass, brown, green, lavender, and amethyst glass. Also observed were heavy crockery fragments, Mason canning jar fragments, and a fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic. At least 3 tobacco cans were observed as well as a metal twist key, the bottom of a "Coty" bottle, a saucer fragment ("Buffalo China"), a cup handle, gold crockery fragments, and a "Hazel -Atlas" bottle bottom. Locus B contains a hole from pot hunting activities. 066 Page 4 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): Locus C is located about 16 meters from Locus B at 50 degrees from magnetic north. Locus C contains a scatter of approximately 10 - 15 cans, some with soldered dot tops and old wire mesh fencing. Locus D is located about 1 I meters from Locus; C at 45 degrees from magnetic north. Locus D contains about 250 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, brown, green, and amethyst glass. The bottom of an opalescent glass flask has a date of March 9 - 1924. There were also 2 brandy/wine bottle finishes and metal hangers. The glass fragments are larger at Locus D than Locus A or B. *A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. *A7. Site Condition: [ ] Good [ ] Fair [ ] Poor (Describe disturbances.): _Bottle collectors have dug into the deposit which has also suffered from natural erosion. *A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River; 1 1/2 kilometers northeast intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest *A9. Elevation: Between 80' and 100' (24-30 meters) A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): Area contains sparse native grasses and blown sand. All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [ ] Prehistoric . [ ] Protohistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ ] 1848-1880 [ 1 1880-1914 [x] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [ ] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to continuation oage. Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Pah:o Associates- 23392 Madero- Suite L, Mission Vieio- California 92691, (949) 770-80442 *A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown Date: February 1999 Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Vieio, California 92691, (949) 770-80412 _ *Required information �,..v 067 Page 5 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L03H pa � r � rr+r, ry o `,►�t t ti • - :t i � i a � �� :, ,� � aayf r K „y Glass fragments, crockery, and can fragments at Locus B. View is towards the west. 068 Page 6 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ3a Map Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Mnute Ouadranele Scale: 1:24,000 0 6;9 Page 1 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L0413 Pl. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; Sw 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bemardino B.M. Plc. Address City P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 564000 mE/ 3728395 MN P2e. Other Location Data: About 1400' southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylle_e at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Site consists of historic era trash primarily tin can fragments. One area contains hundreds of metal fragments ranging from dime to quarter in size Additionally, there are tobacco evaporated milk and a syrup can broken bottles. an aqua Mason Jar rim any d crockery. Many of the items are erodlino down a sand dune. — *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Historic trash deposit AH4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District ( ] Element of District [ ] Other PSa. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page PSb. Description of Photo: Refer to continuations e 070 Page 2 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 4H *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [x] Historic [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Both *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for ]Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd Suite 130, Santa Monica CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L Mission Viejo, CA 92691 (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. ReportCitation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Ouinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Ouinta, Riverside ('ounty California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite, Mission Viejo California 92691, (949)770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [I Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock ArtRecord [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information �... ^ 0 71 Page 3 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L0411 *Al. Dimensions: a. Length 45' (16 meters) b. Width 45' 06 meters) Method of Measurement: [x] Paced [ ] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other: Method of Determination (check any that apply): [x] Artifacts [ ] Features [ ] Soil [ ] Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ ] Animal burrow [ ] Excavation [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain):_ — Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain: Could be buried Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Paved/built over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [x] Disturbances (] Vegetation [x] Other (Explain): Area could have been collected by pot hunters. — A2. Depth: _ [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determination: *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [ ] Unknown (Explain): *A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): *A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): Site consists of Historic era trash, primarily tin can fragments. One area contains hundreds of metal fragments ranging from dime to quarter in size. Additionally there are tobacco, evaporated milk and a syrup can broken bottles, an aqua Mason jar rim and crockery. Many of. the items are eroding down a sand dune. *A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. *A7. Site Condition: [ J Good [x] Fair [ ] Poor (:Describe disturbances.): Erosion and possibly potted — *A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River: :I 1/2 kilometers northeast, intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest 0 7A Page 4 of 6 Resource Name or 4: (Assigned by Recorder): L04H *A9. Elevation: 70'(21 meters) -- A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): Deposit is located on northeast trending sand dune eroding into small drainage. Vegetation is sparse and consists primarily of native rasses All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Protohistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ 1 1848-1880 [ ] 1880-1914 [x] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [ ] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to continuation page Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691, (949) 770-8012 'A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown Date: February 1999 — Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691 (949) 770-8042 *Required information I..". _ 073 Page sa6Resource Name «*(wk &acora):L04H (% . ¥. . Scatter of small metalfragments. View &towards the mA_t 074 Page 6 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L44H Map Name: USGS La Quinta California 7.5 Minute; Quadrangle Scale: 114 000 075 Page 1 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 5H P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County Riverside *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Quinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. P2c. Address City Zip P2d. UTM: Zone _l l ; 564060 mE/ 3728410 mN P2e. Other Location Data: About 1100' west of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Site consists of historic era trash deposit of approximately 100 items. The items observed included over a dozen small evaporated milk cans, tobacco cans, canning jar fragments, amber, lavender, aqua, clear, and opalescence glass fragments, white semi - porcelain dish fragments with pink flowers, and the rim of a 5 pound ham can. A large bottle collectors hole is evident within the deposit and an assortment of items (rejects) are laid out above the small erosional gully north of the deposit. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Historic trash deposit AH4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other PSa. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to continuation page PSb. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation pace. 076 Page 2 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 5H *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [x] Historic [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Both *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd Suite 130 Santa Monica. C'A 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated._ 23392 Madero Suite L Mission Viejo, CA 92691, (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded:_ February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Ouinta, Riverside County, California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite_I,, Mission Viejo, California 92691. (949)770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeologiical Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information 077 Page 3 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L05II *Al. Dimensions: a. Length 46' E/W (14 meters.) b. Width 23' N/S (7 meters ) Method of Measurement: [x] Paced [ ] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other: Method of Determination (check any that apply): [x] Artifacts [ ] Features [ ] Soil [ ] Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ ] Animal burrow [ ] Excavation [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain):_ Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain: Could be buried Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Paved/built over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [x] Disturbances [ ] Vegetation [x] Other (Explain): Bottle collectors have dug within the deposit and natural erosion is causing the items to erode A2. Depth: [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determination: *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [ ] Unknown (Explain): *A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): *AS. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): Site consists of historic era trash deposit of approximately 100 items. The items observed included over a dozen small evaporated milk cans, tobacco cans- canning iar fragments, amber, lavender- aqua clear, and opalescence glass fragments, white semi -porcelain dish fragments, with pink flowers, and the rim of a 5 pound ham can A large bottle collectors hole is evident within the deposit and an assortment of items (rejects) are laid out above the small erosional gully north of the *A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. *A7. Site Condition: [ ] Good [x] Fair [ ] Poor (Describe disturbances.): Erosion and damage from bottle collectors. 078 Page 4 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): *A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River: 1 1/2 kilometers northeast intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest *A9. Elevation: 40' 12 meters) A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): Trash is located on northeast trending sand dune eroding downslope. Vegetation is sparse and consists primarily of native grasses All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Protchistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ ] 1848-1880 [ ] 1880-1914 [x] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [ ] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to continuation page. Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madera Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691, (949) 770-80 t2 _ *A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown Date: February 1999 Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite I. Mission Viejo, California 92691. (949) 770-80,12 *Required information �» 079 - " ' •--.or.: , ,�� __. -w. "`' - -"'T - Page 5 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): W 5H ^ i ' - lop t _ek,a by� a Photo to the left shows cans and glass eroding downslope. View is to the northeast. i�. Photo below shows items rejected by a bottle collector. View is towards the east. i :, je 7 'may—�"' - .�,. .. • f'_.' .,,`. t - Wes. � • _ > �{ + i. S. .'mot ]Y PA.'tl y 5 Page 6 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): 1.Q5a Map Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Minute Ouadran lie Scale: 1724.000 081 Page 1 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): PI. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S, R 6E ; SW 1/4 of NE _1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. Plc. Address City Zip P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 564020 mE/ 3728210 rnN P2e. Other Location Data: About 1300' southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: Site consists of historic era trash deposits. Locus A contains about 20 item,s primarily decomposing cans, including a tobacco can and a large 3 gallon can. Locus B is a large scatter located about 25 meters from Locus A at 180 degrees from magnetic north. Locus B contains over 500 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, aqua, milkglass, brown, green, and amethyst glass fragments, an old inkwell, sardine, lard, and tobacco cans, both large and small evaporated milk cans, syrup cans, and small, possibly, spice cans. Many fragments of ;semi -porcelain dinner ware in various patterns and crockery fragments were also observed. Locus B contains holes from bottle collectors and modern trash has also been dumped in this area. Locus C is located about 28 meters from the northern edge of Locus B at 50 degrees from magnetic north. Locus C contains over 100 items including clear, aqua, and amethyst glass, tobacco cans, 11b. lard pail, small evaporated milk cans, and skillet handle. Locus C contains a hole from a bottle collector and modern trash has also been dumped in this area. 082 Page 2 of 6 Resource Name or #: (.Assigned by Recorder): L06]R Locus D is located 2 meters from Locus C at 25 degrees from magnetic north and could represent slope wash from Locus C. This area contains about 100 items including a collared ring finish on an aqua bottle fragment, blue, green, clear, cobalt blue, and aqua, glass fragments, a milk bottle rim, canning jar fragments, small evaporated milk cans, and grommets. Loci B, C, and D have trash scattered both as a result of the potting and natural erosion. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Historic trash deposit AH4 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [ ] Other P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. Refer to P5b. Description of Photo: Refer to continuation rage. _ *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [x] Historic [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Both *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 130, Santa Monica. CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo .Associates. Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, CA 92591, (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Quinta, Riverside County, California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo, California 92691. *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [x] Building, Structure, and Object Record [x] Archaeological Recor Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record (] Rock Art Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) Continuation Sheet [ ] d [ ] District Record (] Linear [ ] Artifact Record *Required information 083 Page 3 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L 6H *Al. Dimensions: a. Length ( ) b. Width ( ) Locus A: 16' (5 meters) N/S by 13" (4 meters) E/W Locus B: 46' (23 meters) N/S by 75' (23 meters) E/W Locus C: 13' (4 meters) N/S by 7' (2 meters) E/W Locus D: 39' (12 meters) N/S by T (2 meters) E/W Method of Measurement: [x] Paced [ ] Taped [ ] Visual Estimate [] Other:_ Method of Determination (check any that apply): [x] Artifacts [ ] Features [ ] Soil [) Vegetation [ ] Topography [ ] Cut bank [ ] Animal burrow [ ] Excavation [ ] Property boundary [ ] Other (Explain):_ Reliability of Determination: [ ] High [x] Medium [ ] Low Explain:, Could be buried deposits and the trash is widely scattered. Limitations (check any that apply): [ ] Restricted Access [ ] Paved/built over [ ] site limits incompletely defined [ ] Disturbances [ ] Vegetation [ ] Other (Explain): Could be buried deposits and the trash is widely scattered. A2. Depth: _ [ ] None [x] Unknown Method of Determination:_ *A3. Human Remains: [ ] Present [ ] Absent [ ] Possible [ ] Unknown (Explain): *A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents and show location of each feature on sketch map): *A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with features): Locus A contains about 20 items, primarily decomposing cans, including a tobacco can and a large 3 gallon can. Locus B is a large scatter located about 25 meters from Locus A at 180 degrees from magnetic north. Locus B contains over 500 items including clear, opalescence, cobalt blue, aqua, milkglass, brown, green, and amethyst glass fragments, an old inkwell, sardine, lard, and tobacco cans, both large and small evaporated milk cans, syrup cans, and small, possibly, spice cans. Many fragments of semi -porcelain dinner ware in various patterns and crockery fragments were also observed. Locus B contains holes from bottle collectors and modern trash has also been dumped in this area. Locus C is located about 28 meters from the northern edge of Locus B at 50 degrees magnetic north. Locus C contains over 100 items including clear, aqua, and amethyst glass, tobacco cans, 11b. lard pail, small evaporated milk cans, and skillet handle. Locus C contains a hole from a bottle collector and modern trash has also been dumped in this area. 084 Page 4 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L06H Locus D is located 2 meters from Locus C at 25 degrees from magnetic north and could represent slope wash from Locus C. This area contains about 100 items including a collared ring finish on a aqua bottle fragment, blue, green, clear, cobalt blue, and aqua glass fragments, a milk bottle rim, canning jar fragments, small evaporated milk cans, and grommets. Loci B, C, and D have trash scattered both as a result of the potting and natural erosion. *A6. Were Specimens Collected? [x] No [ ] Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated. *A7. Site Condition: [ ] Good [x ] Fair [ ] Poor (Describe disturbances.): —Trash has been scattered natural erosion is taking place, and modern debris has been dumped in the area *A8. Nearest Water: (Type, distance and direction.): Whitewater River: 1 1/2 kilometers northeast, intermittent drainage 1 kilometer southwest *A9. Elevation: 40(12 meters) _ A10. Environmental Setting: Describe culturally relevant variables such as vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc.): Site is within small dunes and dead mesquite thicket. Area also contains native: Brasses and creosote. All. Historical Information: *Al2. Age: [ ] Prehistoric [ ] Protohistoric [ ] 1542-1769 [ ] 1769-1848 [ ] 1848-1880 [ ] 1880-1914 [x] 1914-1945 [ ] Post 1945 [ ] Undetermined Describe position in regional prehistoric chronology or factual historic dates if known: A13. Interpretations (Discuss data potential, function[s], ethnic affiliation, and other important interpretations): A14. Remarks: A15. References (Documents, informants, maps, and other references): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record.): Refer to continuation nape Original Media/Negatives Kept at: RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero Suite L Mission Viejo, California 92691, (949) 770-8042 *A17. Form Prepared by: Joan C. Brown Date: February 1999 Affiliation and Address: RMW Paleo Associates, 23392 Madero, Suite L, Mission Viejo California 92691, (949) 770-8042 *Required information 085 Page 5 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L06H ,d v�Y .fli• � � i t 1. 1-,ilia..+,"� - Cans eroding from Locus B. View is towards the west. Locus C looking east from Locus B. Page 6 of 6 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): r 46x Map Name: USGS La Quinta California 7.5 Mnute Quadrangle Scale: 1-24.000 087 Page-!— of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L -Isolate-#1 Pl. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; NE 1/4 of NE .1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. Plc. Address City Zip P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 56 2250 mE/ 3728610 mN P2e. Other Location Data: About 300' northwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain. *P3a. Description: A single fragment of prehistoric 13rownware ceramic. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Isolate - AP3 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [x] Other Isolate P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. P5b. Description of Photo: *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both �•. Page 2 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LO-Isolate-#1 "P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research, 233 Wilshire Blvd Suite 130, Santa Monica C;A 90401 'P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates Incorporated, 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Vieio CA 92691, (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: Februai1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Ouinta Resort & Real Project, Located In La Ouinta, Riverside County California: Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite L Mission Viejo, California 92691 (949)770-8042 "Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [ ] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [ ] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information 089 Page 3 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L4? Isolate Man Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Minute Ouadrangle Scale: 1724.000 090 Page I of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L -Isolate-#2 Pi. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S, R 6E ; NW 1/4 of NE _1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. P2c. Address City "Lip P2d. UTM: Zone 1]; 563980 mE/ 3728550 mN P2e. Other Location Data: About 1500' west of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Caylee at the base of La Ouinta Mountain *P3a. Description: A single fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Isolate - AP3 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site [ ] District [ ] Element of District [x] Other Isolate PSa. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects._ PSb. Description of Photo: *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 091 Page 2 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L -Isolate-#2 "P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research, 233 Wilshire Blvd Suite 130, Santa MonicaC:A 90401 "P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates, Incorporated, 23392 Madero Suite L. Mission Vieio CA 92691 (949) 770-8042 •P9. Date Recorded: Februaiy 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance "P11. Report Citation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Real Proiect Located In La Ouinta Riverside County. California Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates 23392 Madero, Suite L Mission Viejo California 92691, (949)770-8042 "Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch. Map [ ] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [ ] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) "Required information - 09"1 Page 3 of s Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ Isolate 2 Mao Name: USGS La Ouinta California 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Scale: 1724.000 093 Page 1 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LO-Isolate-93 PI. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: [x] Not for Publication [ ] Unrestricted *P2a. County *P2b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Ouinta, California Date 1959 Photorevised 1980 T 5S; R 6E ; SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 of Sec 36 ; San Bernardino B.M. Plc. Address City Zip P2d. UTM: Zone 11 ; 564310 mE/ 3728210 mN P2e. Other Location Data: About 1600' southwest of the intersection of Avenida Fernando and Avenida Cavlee *P3a. Description: A single fragment of prehistoric Brownware ceramic. _ *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) Isolate - AP3 *P4. Resources Present: [ ] Building [ ] Structure [ ] Object [x] Site (] District [ ] Element of District [x] Other Isolate PSa. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects. PSb. Description of Photo: *P6. Date constructed/Age and Sources: [ ] Historic [x] Prehistoric [ ] Both 094 Page 2 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): L -Isolate-#3 *P7. Owner and Address: Project completed for Planning Consultants Research, 233 Wilshire Blvd.. Suite 130. Santa Monica. CA 90401 *P8. Recorded by: Joan C. Brown RMW Paleo Associates Incorporated 23392 Madero, Suite L. Mission Viejo. CA 92691, (949) 770-8042 *P9. Date Recorded: February 1999 *P10. Survey Type: Reconnaissance *P11. ReportCitation: A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance For The La Quinta Resort & Real Project Located In La Quinta, Riverside County California Joan C. Brown; RMW Paleo Associates. 23392 Madero, Suite I Mission Viejo California 92691, (949)770-8042 *Attachments: [ ] None [x] Location Map [ ] Sketch Map [ ] Continuation Sheet [ ] Building, Structure, and Object Record [ ] Archaeological Record [ ] District Record [ ] Linear Feature Record [ ] Milling Station Record [ ] Rock Art Record [ ] Artifact Record [ ] Photograph Record [ ] Other (List) *Required information 095 Page .3 of 3 Resource Name or #: (Assigned by Recorder): LQ isolate 3 Map Name: USGS La Quinta California 7.5 Minute Quadrangle Scale: 1724,000 096 APPENDIX .D Bibliography of Previous Cultural Studies Within One Mile of the Current Project Area 097 ARCHEOLOGICAL REPORTS-----------------------------NADB/Query Printed: 01/12/99 Page: 001 Document No.: 1040695 CRAIB, JOHN L. Unpublished Report 1980 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST SAMPLING OF SITES WITHIN THE LA QUINTA FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL EASEMENT. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION. SUBMITTED TO U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, LOS ANGELES, CA DISTRICT. CONTRACT NO. DACW09-08-M-0975. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 02/10/92 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 01/28/88 Keywords: COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LAKE CAHUILLA LATE PHASE (2), TEMPORALLY SENSITIVE ARTIFACTS (3), HISTORIC RESOURCES (0), OLIVELLA CUPPED BEADS (3), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-RIV-1174 (8), CA-RIV-0035 (8), CA-RIV-0119 (8), CA-RIV-1180 (8), CA-RIV-0158 (8), CA-RIV-0208 (8), MF #0204 (6) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Document No.: 1080076 Unpublished Report MCWILLIAMS, S.R. 1972 EVALUATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF TRACTS 4319, 4734, AND ADJACENT AREAS AT INDIAN WELLS. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 03/27/92 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 09/27/88 Keywords: 15 ACRES SURVEYED (4), 26 PP (7), CA-RIV-0064 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0058 (6) --------------------- Document No.: 1080077 MACGREAGOR, JOANNNE Unpublished Report 1972 RESEARCH IN INDIAN WELLS. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 09/27/88 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 09/27/88 Keywords: 13 PP (7), 15 ACRES SURVEYED (4), CA-RIV-0064 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA. 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0058 (6) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Document No.: 1080270 Unpublished Report JERTBERG, PARTICIA AND NANCY FARRELL 1980 A STUDY OF LATE PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN SHORELINE OF LAKE CAHUILLA: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SALVAGE PROJECT OF SITES CA-RIV-119, 158, 1180, 1838. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION. SUBMITTED TO COACHELLA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 08/06/92 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/04/88 Keywords: 143 PP (7), CA-RIV-0119 (8), CA-RIV-1180 (8), CA-RIV-1838 (8), CA-RIV-0158 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA 098 QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0204 (6), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED - EXCAVATION ONLY (4) ARCHEOLOGICAL REPORTSNADB/Query -_ Printed: 01/12/99 Page: 003 Document No.: 1080392 BOWLES, LARRY L. Unpublished Report 1978 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT -- NEAR LA QUINTA, COACHELLA VALLEY. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 10/09/88 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/09/88 Keywords: 13 PP (7), 700 ACRES SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0304 (6), UNKNOWN RESOURCES (8) -------------•---------------------•-------------------------------- Document No.: 1080451 Unpublished Report GIANSANTI, RENEE 1978 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TRACT 9847, INDIAN WELLS, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESERCH UNIT. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 10/25/91 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/12/88 Keywords: 21 ACRES SURVEYED (4), 7 PP (7), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0353 (6), NO RESOURCES (8), UCRARU #0373 (6) -------------•---------------------•-------------------------------- Document No.: 1080558 Unpublished Report VAN HORN, DAVID AND M.J. AASVED 1979 SURFACE COLLECTION AND TEST EXCAVATION AT RIV-151 IN LA QUINTA, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES, LTD. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 02/10/92 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/18/88 Keywords: 100 ACRES SURVEYED (4), 123 PP (7), CA-RIV-0151 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0451 (6) Document No.: 1080597 BOWLES, LARRY AND JEAN SALPAS Unpublished Report 1979 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TENTATIVE TRACT 14105. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 10/19/88 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/19/88 Keywords: 15 PP (7), 85 ACRES SURVEYED (4), CA-RIV-2196 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0487 (6) 100 NADB/ uery —ARCHEOLOGICAL-REPORTS Page: 004 - Printed: 0]_/12/99 Page: 004_ Document No.: 1080703 LANDO, RICHARD Unpublished Report 1979 CULTURAL RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE (STAGE II) OF FLOOD CONTROL ALTERNATIVES PROPOSED FOR THE WHITEWATER RIVER BASIN, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. CONTRACT 140. DACW09-79-M-1034. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 09/26/91 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/25/88 Keywords: RECONNAISSANCE --WINDSHIELD SURVEY (4), 47 PP (7), BEAUMONT 7.5' QUAD (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), INDIO 7.51 QUAD (4), MF #05.78 (6), NO RESOURCES (8), NORTHERN PENINSULAR RANGES (4), RANCHO MIRAGE 7.5' QUAD (4), WHITEWATER 7.5' QUAD (4), UNKNOWN ACREAGE SURVEYED (4) Document No.: 1080781 SWENSON, JAMES D. ---------------------- Unpublished Report 1979 INTENSIVE CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF SELECTED AREAS OF THE PROPOSED LA QUINTA FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, LOS ANGELES DISTRICT. CONTRACT NO. DACW09-78-MO9862. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 11/09/91 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 11/03/88 Keywords: COACHELLA VALLEY E(4),YED (MF�# 65Q1U(6)INT,, NO RESOURCES7.5' QUAD ) PP (8), UCRARU #0474 (6) Document No.: 1080960 SALPAS, JEAN A. ------------------ Unpublished Report 1980 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF 82 ACRES OF LAND IN LA QUINTA, C:ALIFORNIA. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE:, CA 92501. Last Update: by: WOR-CA-04 on Keywords: 19 PP/(7)8,882 ACRES SURVEYED Cataloged(4), COACHELLA VALLEY I8 (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #0823 (6), NO RESOURCES (8) 101 ARCHEOLO ICAL ^REPORTSQuery Printed: 01/12/99 Page: -I 005 Document No.: 1081508 SWENSON, JAMES D. Unpublished Report 1981 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PORTION OF THE SW 1/4 OF SECTION 30, T5S, R7E, SBBM IN THE COACHELLA VALLEY, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CA.LIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT„ U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 1.2/18/88 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 12/LEY 18/ 8 Keywords: 6.4 ACRES SURVEYED (4), 8 PP (7), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), MF #1335 (6), NO RESOURCES (8) Document No.: 1082415 SCHAEFER, JERRY ------------------ Unpublished Report 1985 LETTER REPORT: ARCHAEOLOGI'.CAL ASSESSMENT OF 2 ACRES NEAR LA QUINTA.. MOONEY, LETTIER AND ASSOCIATES. SUBMITTED TO U.S.D.I. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 06/01/89 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 06/01/89 Keywords: 20 ACRES SURVEYED (4), 3 PP (7), CA-RIV-3027 (8), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5 QUAD (4), MF #2182 (6) Document No.: 1082435 SWENSON, JAMES D. ------------------- Unpublished Report WASHINGTON SQUARE 1985 AN PROPERTYY,,yCITY OFILALQUINTAASSESSMENT THE RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 05/02/89 Cataloged KeCOACHELLA VALLEY ords: 30 PP )(4), LA QUINTA72 ACRES Document No.: 1082988 MCCARTHY, DAN'IEL F. by: WOR-CA-04 on 05/02/89 (4), CA-RIV-0150 (8), QUAD (4), MF #2201 (6) Unpublished Report -RIV-2195 AND 19 RECORDED pONATENTATIVE TRACT TION OF L2OGICAL SITES A4230, LOCATED NEAR 96 AR INDIAN WELLS IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIRORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNPUBLISHONIFILE AT UCR,REASTERNUINFOTED TO RMATIONPCENTER, RIVERSIDE, EDCRAEPORT 92501. Last Update: 11/09/91 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 05/09/90 Keywords: MF 42728 (6), 7 PP (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.51 QUAD (4), CA-RIV-2195 (8), CA-RIV-2196 (8) 102 —ARCHEOLOGICAL -REPORTS _PQuery=-I Printed: O1./12/99 ]Page: age:006 Document No.: 1082989 Unpublished Report MCCARTHY, DANI:EL F. 1989 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE TEST EXCAVATIONS AT SITE CA-RIV-2196, RECORDED ON TENTATIVE TRACT 24230, LOCATED IN THE LA QUINTA AREA OF RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 02/10/92 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 05/09/90 Keywords: MF 112728 (6), it PP (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-RIV-2196 (8) ------------------------------- Document No.: 1083084 Unpublished Report MCCARTHY, DAN-EEL F. 1989 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALTA SURVEY WASHINGTON PLAZA, LOCATED IN THE CITY OF LA QUINTA IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. CONTRACT NO. UCRARU #1023. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 08/23/90 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 08/23/90 Keywords: MF #2821 (6), 13 PP (7), 65 ACRES SURVEYED (4), COACHECA-RIVLLA 936ALLEY (8), CA,RIVV--3679QUINTA (8), CA-RIV-3680,It (8),CA-RIV-36, 81 (8), CA-RIV-3682 (8) --- Document No.: 1083085 Unpublished Report ARKUSH, BROOKE S. 1990 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CAL TRANS RIGHT OF WAY NORTH OF HIGHWAY 111 ASSOCIATED WITH WASHINGTON PLAZA PROJECT. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. CONTRACT NO. UCRARU #1023. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 08/23/90 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 08/23/90 KeOACHELLA VALLEY (4), LAQUINTA 7.5QUAD (4),O RESOURCES #2P ANO7 ACRES SURVEYED RESOURCES 103 --ARCHEOLOGICAL REPORTS NAQuery--I Printed: 0:1/12/99 Page: 007 Document No.: 1083205 Unpublished Report JERTBERG, PATRICIA AND NANCY FARRELL 1980 A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SALVAGE PROJECT: LA QUINTA EVACUATION CHANNEL. AUTHOR(S). SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 09/06/90 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 09/06/90 Keywords: MF #0204 (6), 13 PP (7), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-RIV-0158 (8), CA-RIV-0119 (8), CA-RIV-1180 (8), CA-RIV-1838 (8) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Document No.: 1083237 Unpublished Report MCCARTHY, DANIEL 1990 FINAL RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS AT SITE CA-RIV-2196, RECORDED ON TENTATIVE TRACT 24230, LOCATED IN THE CITY OF LA QUINTA, CENTRAL RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CAL:IFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 09/06/90 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 09/06/90 Keywords: MF 42728 (6), 43 PP (7), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-RIV-2196 (8) -------------•----------------------------------------------------- Document No.: 1083253 Unpublished Report YOHE, ROBERT M. 1990 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT FIVE SITES LOCATED AT ONE ELEVEN LA QUINTA CENTER IN THE CITY OF LA QUINTA, CENTRAL RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U.C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. CONTRACT NO. UCRARU #1023. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 08/27/91 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 09/10/90 Keywords: MF 42821 (6), 141 PP (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-RIV-2936 (8), CA-RIV-3679 (8), CA-RIV-3680 (8), CA-RIV-3681 (8), CA-RIV-3682 (8), EXCAVATION ONLY (1) 104 ARCHEOLOGICAL Page: AL-REPORTS_Query==l Printed: O:L/12/99 Page: 008 Document No.: 1083565 Unpublished Report DROVER, CHRISTOPHER E. 1990 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LA QUINTA HILLSIDE PROJECT, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AUTHOR. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE,, CA 92501. Last Update: 10/15/90 Cataloged by: WOR-CA-04 on 10/15/90 Keywords: MF #3243 (6), 12 PP (7)„ 6.2 ACRES SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), NO RESOURCES (8) ---------------------------------•- Document No.: 1083772 EVERSON, DICKEN AND KEVIN HALLARAN Unpublished Report 1991 CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT: EL MIRADOR PROFESSIONAL PLAZA, LA QUINTA, COACHELLA VALLEY, RIVERSIDE COUNTY. UCR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. CONTRACT NO. UCRARU #1134. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 05/11/91 Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 05/11/91 Keywords: MF #3425 (6), 35 PP (7), 40 ACRES SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), CA-IZIV-2198 (8), CA-RIV-2199 (8), CA-RIV-4167 (8), CA-RIV-4168 (8), CA-RIV-4169 (8) -------------------------------------------•-------------- Document No.: 1083913 Unpublished Report BROEKER, GALE A. 1991 CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY REPORT: LOS VERD:ES WEST II LAND EXCHANGE. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, PALM SPRINGS. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Keywords: MF #3545/91 (6), 3 PP (7)taC Cataloged VALLEY (4)on50ACRES91 SURVEYED (4:), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), NO RESOURCES (8) Document No.: 1084260 EVERSON, DICICEN Unpublished Report 1992 CULTURAL RESOURCES MONITORING REPORT, ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY AT SITES CA-RIV-2936, -3680, -3681, -3682, CITY OF LA QUINTA, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521. Last Update: 05/02/96 Keywords: MF #2821 (6), 39 PP MONITORING (4), LA QUINTA 7. CA-RIV-2936 (8), CA-RIV-3680 (8), UCRARU #1167 (6) Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 10/09/92 (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED - 5' QUAD (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), (8), CA-RIV-3681 (8), CA-RIV-3682 105 ARCHEOLOGICAL REPORTS_NADB/Query Printed: 01/12/99 Page: 009 ------------- Document No.: 1084299 EVERSON, DICKEN Unpublished Report 1992 EXCAVATIONS AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE CA-RIV-3682, CITY OF LA QUINTA, COACHELLA VALLEY. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH UNIT, U. C. RIVERSIDE. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE,. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER„ RIVERSIDE, CA 9252.1. Last Update: 04/29/96 Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 01/13/93 Keywords: MF# 2821 (6), 128 PP (7), NO ACRES SURVEYED (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD. (4), CA-RIIV-3682 (8), UCRARU #1167DR (6) -----------------------------------•--------------------•----------- Document No.: 1084306 Unpublished Report JERTBERG, PATRICIA AND JANE ROSENTHAL 1992 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST INVESTIGATION AT CA-RIV-150, USGS LA QUINTA QUADRANGLE, LA QUINTA, CALIFORNIA. LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521. Last Update: 04/29/96 Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 02/09/93 Keywords: MF #2201 (6), 122 PP (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYEI) (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD. (4), CA-RIV-150 (8) -------------------------- Document No.: 1084664 BROEKER, G. AND BETH PADON Unpublished Report 1993 CULTURAL RESOURCE MONITORING REPORT, WASHINGTON SQUARE, CA-RIV-150, LA QUINTA, CALIFORNIA. LSA ASSOCIATES. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATIONCENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 12/03/94 Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 12/03/94 Keywords: MF #2201 (6), 21 PP. (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYED - MONITORING (4), LA QUINTA 7.5' QUAD (4), COACHELLA VALLEY (4), CA-RIV-150 (8), WS 0201 (6) ---------------•------------ Document No.: 3.084731 CHACE, PAUL AND CHARLES REEVES ------------------- Unpublished Report 1994 REPORT OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE SEASONS RESIDENTIAL PROJECT, TRACT 28019, CITY OF LA QUINTA. THE KEITH COMPANIES. SUBMITTED TO PRIVATE. UNPUBLISHED REPORT ON FILE AT UCR, EASTERN INFORMATION CENTER, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501. Last Update: 08/16/95 Cataloged by: WRO-CA-04 on 08/16/95 Keywords: MF #4199 (6), 11 PP (7), NO ACREAGE SURVEYEDLLA VALLEY MONITORING ONLY (4), LA QUINTA 7.5 QUAD (4), (4), NO CULTURAL RESOURCES (8) 106 ATTACHMENT #3 ...,,_ 107 A Review of A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the La Quinta Resort & Club Real Project, Located in La Quinta, Riverside: County, California by Joan C. Brown (RMW Paleo Associates, Inc.) Donn R Grenda Report Prepared for Planning Consultants Research 233 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 130 Santa Monica, California 90401 Statistical Research, Inc. P.O. Box 390 Redlands, California 92373 SRI Technical Report No. 99-19 108 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION........................................................... 2 II. ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND ............................. 3 Cultures of the Colorado Desert ............................................. 3 Amargosa Culture ................................................. 4 Patayan Culture ................................................... 4 Cahuilla......................................................... 5 Brief History of the La Quinta Area .......................................... 6 EarlyHistory ..................................................... 6 Development of Palm Springs ......................................... 7 Growth of the Coachella Valley ....................................... 7 Desert Training Center .............................................. 7 III. A REVIEW OF THE RMW PHASE I ASSESSMENT .................... ......... 9 IV. HISTORIC CONTEXTS AND CEQA ISSUES .................................. 11 Historic Contexts of the Project Area ........................................ 11 Contextual Analysis .................................. ............ 12 Chronology ..................................................... 12 Land Use and Economic Issues ....................................... 12 Technolog✓..................................................... 13 Ethnicity........................................................ 13 CEQAIssues.......................................................... 13 Integrity 13 Unique Archaeological Resources ..................................... 14 Historical Resources ............................................... 14 V. SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND PHASE II ASSESSMENTS ........................... 15 Bedrock Milling Stations ................................................. 15 RIV-3676....................................................... 15 RIV-3677....................................................... 15 RIV-6177....................................................... 15 RIV-6178....................................................... 16 Phase II Assessments.................................................... 16 Historical -Period trash Deposits ............................................ 16 RIV-61791i ..................................................... 16 RIV-61801-1 ..................................................... 17 RIV-6181]�I..................................................... 17 RIV-618211 ..................................................... 17 Phase II Assessments.................................................... 18 VI. REVIEW OF RMW METHODS TO EVALUATE HISTORIC PROPERTIES ........... 19 VII. REFERENCES.......................................................... 20 1 109 I. INTRODUCTION In March 1999, Joan Brown of RMW Paleo Associates (RMW) completed a Phase I archaeological site assessment for the La Quinta Resort & Club Real project site in support of an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in preparation by PCR Services Corporation (PCR). The project area consists of approximately 106 acres in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Figure 1). The proposed development is located north of Eisenhower Drive and north and west of Avenida Fernando at the base of La Quinta Mountain. La Quinta Resort & Club Real is planning to develop a commercial village and wellness center on 65.8 acres with an additional 40.1 acres of open space. In the Phase I assessment, Brown recommends that if avoidance of cultural deposits is not possible, a Phase II archaeological site assessment should be conducted at the eight recorded sites within the project boundaries. However, Brown provides no justification for this recommendation. In response, the City of La Quinta requested that an independent review of the report be conducted to determine if a Phase II assessment is required. In response to the City of La Quinta's request, PCR contracted with Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI) to: (1) conduct an independent review of the RMW Phase I assessment (Brown 1999); (2) determine whether a Phase. II assessment is required; and (3) provide justification for the determination on a site -by -site basis. The sites in the project area consist of two previously recorded prehistoric milling stations (CA-RIV-3676 and CA-RIV-3677) and six sites recorded during fieldwork (hereinafter the prefix CA- will be omitted). The newly recorded sites include two additional prehistoric milling stations (RIV-6177 and RIV-6178) and four historical -period trash deposits (RIV-6179H, RIV-6180H, RIV-6181H, and RIV-61821-1). This report presents the results of SRI's review. First, to help establish a context for our review, background information on the environment and culture history of the region is presented. Next, Brown's methods and findings are reviewed. Third, the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act. (CEQA) that pertain to archaeological resources are discussed. Finally, a determination of whether it Phase II assessment is required and justification for our findings is made on a site -by -site basis. 110 II. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND The 106-acre project area contains elevations ranging between 45 and 520 feet above mean sea level and is located at the base of La Quinta Mountain in the Coachella Valley, which is part of the Colorado Desert. The valley is surrounded on the north and east by the Little San Bernardino, Cottonwood, and Orocopia Mountains and on the west by the Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, and San Bernardino Mountains. The most striking feature of this region is Lake Cahuilla, which occupies the Salton Trough. The lake played an important role in the settlement and subsistence strategies of the regional inhabitants (Bean and Saubel 1972; Wilke and Lawton 1975) and stories of the lake continue in the oral tradition of the Cahuilla Indians (Patencio 1941; Wilke and Lawton 1975). The project area is located entirely within the Sonoran Desert Scrub plant community. CULTURES OF THE COLORADO DESERT This section discusses the culture history of the region to provide the necessary background to develop an appropriate historical context. The determination of cultural boundaries is generally based on issues of settlement, subsistence, and other economic factors. Proponents of early cultural sequences advanced for California (M. J. Rogers 1945; Wallace 1955, 1978; Warren 1968) claim that subsistence and technology changed in response to individual cultural adaptations to a dynamic environment. Following this line of reasoning, early cultures are argued to have relied primarily on game animals until environmental changes reduced their availability. Later cultures gathered plants and/or used coastal resources depending on their location. At the end of prehistory, cultures exploited a wide variety of available resources including insects and rodents. This sequence was recently challenged by Grenda (1997) who argues that social organization served as the primary adaptive mechanism that drove culture change. The diversity of subsistence practices was established early according to Grenda, with shifts within the economic spectrum based on long term trends in environmental factors. These two perspectives have very different conceptions of culture. The former views culture within an adaptive framework. Essentially, cultures change structurally in response to shifts in the environment. The latter model provides for humans being much more active participants in cultural dynamics. The debate over what constitutes an archaeological culture continues in southern California as elsewhere. Suffice it say for this report that for the Colorado Desert, or that portion of California that lies south of the Mojave Desert between the Peninsular Range and the Colorado River, culture areas tend to be fluid (Grenda 1998). During the "Archaic" period many of the sites in the northwest portion of the Colorado Desert can be classified as Pinto culture sites. Most of the Archaic sites in this region, however, can be described as part of the Amargosan culture. Following the Archaic culture(s) are those of the Formative stage; namely, the Patayan and Cahuilla cultures. All three are briefly discussed below. ill Amargosa Culture This culture was first described by Rogers (1939) and applied to southern California and the lower Colorado River region. Dates for this period are rather crude (Bruder and Spain 1986; Haury 1950; Hayden 1976; Rogers 1958, 1966; Rosenthal et al. 1978). Amargosa I is thought to date between 9,500 and 9,000 years ago, Amargosa II dates between 9„000 and 5,000 years ago, and Amargosa III dates between about 5,000 and 1,200 years ago. The transition between the Archaic cultures and the Late Prehistoric cultures is poorly understood as are the changes that accompanied the Takic speaking groups (i.e., ancestors of the Cahuilla, Serrano, Luiseno) that moved into Yuman territory (Schaefer 1994). Amargosa I is characterized by stemmed and basally notched projectile points (similar to Pinto points) and gyratory crushers, which Altschul and Shelley (1989) suggest were used for processing mesquite pods. Side scrapers, knives, and planes are also included in the lithic assemblage. Amargosa II is identified by a change to triangular, short, corner -notched projectile points (Whittlesey et al. 1994:198-199). Metates and Mortars also join the tool assemblage during Amargosa IL Amargosa III, the final preceramic period, is marked by an increase in the frequency of ground stone, an absence of patination on the flaked stone, and the presence of horseshoe -shaped stone windbreaks (Wlattlesey et al. 1994:199). Patayan Culture Rogers (1945) defined the: Patayan chronology and, based on ceramic data, proposed three periods. Patayan I dated prior to A.D. 800 to about 1050; Patayan II dated between A.D. 1050 and 1450 and is contemporary with the filling of Lake Cahuilla; and Patayan III dated from A.D. 1450 (the final recession of Lake Cahuilla) to the late 1800s. Patayan culture introduced floodplain agriculture, new hunting and storage technologies (as evidenced by the bow and arrow and ceramics), and a mortuary complex focused on cremation. Patayan ceramics include Tizon Brown, Colorado Buff, Salton Buff, and Salton Brown (Schaefer 1994:83). Schaefer (1994:83) claims that a number of settlement and subsistence patterns typify the Patayan culture. Along the Colorado River, dispersed seasonal settlements were composed ofjacal structures, semisubterranean pit houses, simple ramadas, or brush huts, depending on the season and types of settlement. Larger ranchexias would disperse to upper terraces of the Colorado River and to special collection areas during the flood phase of the Colorado River, returning to the floodplain for planting and harvesting. At the eastern base of the Peninsular range, the settlement pattern is typified by dispersed ran.cherias of village communities by the mouths of canyons supporting perennial streams, or at the base of alluvial fans near springs, or where wells could be dug. In addition to major base camps or village sites, smaller temporary camps and specialized sites can be found in all of the microenvironmental zones that were exploited in seasonal cycles of resource utilization. Sites range from milling stations and pot drops along trails, to 4 112 chipping stations and camps containing bone, shell, ceramics, flaked stones, milling stones, beads, and other occupational debris. Cahuilla Cahuilla is the name of the: Indians that occupy the project region and share a common tradition with the Gabrielino, Serrano, Luiseno and other Takic speakers in the surrounding regions (Bean 1972). Cahuilla villages were usually located out of the wind in canyons or on alluvial fans near water and food resources. Throughout the territory there were many other overnight campsites near water and other resources (Bean and Vane 1995). These different communities and resources were connected by a series of intricate trails that were carefully maintained. More critical to the interpretation of some of the sites in the project area is how the Cahuilla processed their food. Some of the primary technologies for processing plant foods were wooden and stone mortars and stone metates. These technologies had various uses (e.g., grinding bone, meat, herbs, seeds) and bedrock mortars and metates (slicks) are quite common in the region. These tools are found both in association with communities and in isolation. The thing used the most in the women's work was the stone mortar. This was made of solid round rock that was hollowed in the top —called mortar in English, can bojol in Indian; the pestle, English, and Pa of in Indian. A hole was pounded out in the center, which became deep enough to use for grinding meal, hulling grain and seeds and nuts. Along slim rock was used to do the pounding and grinding. This rock is named a pestle by the white people. These mortars were sometimes made, many of them, in a solid ledge, such as can be seen in the Andreas Canyon at the cliffs, or Snow Creek When the hole in the mortar was first started, it was very small, too small to use for the grinding, so the Indian women cemented an old basket which had a hole cut out in the bottom, onto this rock which was to be made into a grinding stone. There was plenty of cement [pinon pitch gum of the desert plant creosote] to be used. It was found in many places; also tar and oil. The nuts and seeds were put into the basket, which was kept on the rock till a hole was made deep enough to use without the basket. The course meal was ground in these mortars, but when it was to be made into fine flour it was taken from the mortar and placed) on a metate stone. This was a long, narrow stone, and the flour was made finer by long rubbing. A round stone was used for this. But as the! flat metate stone was used a long time, it became hollowed in the center, sometimes several inches deep. Then a hand stone, made to fit in the hollow, was used. These stones are called hand stones in :English; manos, Spanish; Ta ]Zesh in Indian (Patencio 1943:124-25 in Bean and Vane 1995:V-43). 5 113 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LA QUINTA AREA Located in the northern reaches of the Coachella Valley, at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains, the historic sites in question may be the result of a variety of historic endeavors. Prior to the establishment of the Palm Springs area as a tourist/resort destination, a variety of historical -period activities occurred. Early History The Coachella Valley for generations was outside the area generally explored by Euro-Americans. Despite its proximity to the Colorado River and the California Coast, it failed to receive substantial early Euro-American exploration or settlement. The small. settlement at Yuma was connected to those on the Pacific Coast by way of the Imperial Valley. To the north, San Gorgonio Pass formed a natural travel corridor into and out of the settlements in southern California. The foreboding climate and dearth of water in the Coachella Valley also played a large part in keeping people out of the valley. A few expeditions were made into the area during the first half of the nineteenth century, although no attempts at settlement were made at that time. The first expedition was probably by Jose Romero in 1823, during an attempt to reach the Colorado River via a new route. The valley was mentioned in official reports from Army reconnaissance expeditions from the 1840s and 1850s. Not until the establishment of stage lines beginning in the 1850s, and particularly the railroad in the 1870s, did Euro-Americans begin to journey through the valley in large numbers, and begin to stay. Railroad surveys through the valley beginning in the 1850s provided the first detailed descriptions of the area, including ethnographic observations of the Cahuilla Indians. The first of these expeditions was commanded by Lt. R.S. Williamson in 1853. William P. Blake, a geologist with the expedition, recorded his observations during the journey, providing much valuable early information on the region (Wilke et al. 1975). With the discovery of valuable mineral deposits in the mountains along the Colorado River in the 1850s and 1860s, better routes of travel to those locations from the west were established. The Bradshaw Trail was one of these routes. In 1863, William Bradshaw opened a wagon and freight route from New Mexico to San Bernardino, passing through the Coachella Valley and over the San Gorgonio Pass. Although the route was temporarily closed due to hold-ups in the pass, it was eventually reopened in 1868 by the U.S. Post Office. Other stage lines emerged, connecting the Coachella Valley with the points east and west. After the U.S. Lard Office subdivided the valley into townships, Euro-Americans began to settle in the surrounding valley, and soon began constructing irrigation works. The Cahuilla had been practicing irrigation for years prior to the arrival of the whites, relying upon surface water as well as hand -dug wells. Corn, beans and squash were grown prior to the arrival of Europeans, and wheat, melons, fruit, and barley were included after their arrival. With the construction of a railroad into the valley in 1877 Euro-American settlement began in earnest. At that time the Southern Pacific Railroad built its main line through the eastern end of the valley on its way to Yuma, and across the country. This important link connected the valley to the rest of the world. The discovery of artesian wells 6 114 throughout the valley brought about rapid agricultural development in the late nineteenth century (Sutton and Wilke 1988). Development of Palm Springs The first whites to settle in the Palm Springs area arrived in 1880, purchasing a small Indian ranch between the hot springs and the mountains. The first to build a home and settle permanently in the area was John Guthrie McCallum, an attorney from San Francisco. McCallum purchased land from the Southern Pacific Railroad, built an adobe home, constructed a ditch from the Whitewater River, and planted orchards. The area's first hotel was constructed by one of McCallum's friends, Welwood Murray in 1886. During the 1880s and 1890s land speculation was rampant, and subdivisions, farms, and orchards began to appear. As in other parts of southern California, however, the land boom in Palm Springs burst around the turn -of -the -century (due in part to a 10-year drought). Most of the settlers moved away, and several of the valley's towns disappeared. The rebirth of the area came in 1909 with the arrival of the Coffman family, who constructed the Desert Inn, which drew people from all over the country. In 1915 a highway was completed to Palm Springs by the State of California, providing another avenue for tourists into the valley. The success of the Desert Inn led to the building of other similar establishments including the La Quinta Hotel in 1926 (Love et al. 1992), which together helped to develop a thriving tourist industry for ]Palm Springs and surrounding; communities. The development of water resources, particularly the Coachella Valley extension of the All -American Canal in 1948, made the tourism boom possible (Coachella Valley Water District [CVWD] 1978; Richards 1961). Growth of the Coachella Valley During the early twentieth century homesteaders arrived in the Coachella Valley in large numbers, spurred on by the presence of water and farm land. Between the 1920s and 1940s agriculture was undertaken in earnest, with the valley coming under extensive cultivation. During this time towns such as Coachella, Indio, Mecca, and Thermal began to grow -up in response to the burgeoning agricultural production of the area. The area became famous for its production of dates, figs, and grapes. As the farming of the area expanded, the water table began to drop, and efforts were undertaken to ensure water for the future. The Coachella Valley County Water District: promoted conservation, as well as cooperated with the Imperial Irrigation District in developing t:he All - American Canal and the Coachella Valley extension, the latter of which was completed in 1948. This massive water project ensured a substantial source of water for the valley at least for the forseable future (Romano 1995; CNNVD 1978). Desert Training Center In early 1942, the U.S. Army established the Desert Training Center, which initially covered 12,000 square miles of the California desert. The purpose of the center was to train soldiers in desert warfare, and prepare the Army for the forthcoming invasion of North Africa. Although training was largely confined to the deserts to the east, several support facilities were established in the outlying areas, such as the Coachella Valley. The Thermal Army Airfield was one such facility. Supply depots were also constructed in Coachella, Palm Village, Palm Desert, and Indio. There were also temporary 7 campsites and staging areas established at various locations along the railroad, including Thousand Palms and Indio. The organization and supply of this massive training endeavor required large numbers support personnel as well as equipment (Bischoff 1999). Several other historical -period refuse deposits have been recorded in the general vicinity of the current project area. These, refuse deposits cover a broad span of time, as well as historical themes (Craib 1980). The sites in question may owe their origins to a variety of periods, including railroad activities, homesteading, irrigation and farming, military use of the area, or the development of regional tourism industry. 8 116 III. A REVIEW OF THE RMW PHASE I ASSESSMENT This section reviews Brown's (1999) Phase I archaeological assessment of the project area. As a whole, the individual sections in the document are well presented. The primary deficiency in the document is that the research and finding are disconnected from the recommendations. This gap can be bridged with a properly constructed historical context within which the reader can place the resources found in the project area (the development of an historic context is the subject of the next section). This following review looks at each of Brown's sections in detail. Brown's (1999:1-4) introductory remarks and natural setting sections of the report provide the reader with an adequate setup for the cultural background that follows. The figures provide a clear definition of the project area. The prehistoric cultural setting relies heavily on seminal, although somewhat outdated, reference material (e.g., Wilke 1978 and Bean 1972). The historic period, to which half of the sites in the project area belong, receives only a short paragraph that discusses the major events of the early 20' Century. This section should be updated with references such as Bean et al. (1995), Laylander (1997), Pallette and Schaefer (1995) and others referenced above. The research methods/results section (Brown 1999:8-11) provides the reader with a detailed look at the background research conducted prior to fieldwork. In addition to a records search at the Eastern Information Center, many key sources for archaeological and historical information were reviewed (i.e., historic maps, the National Register of Historic Places Index, the Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility Listings, and the Office of Historic Preservation Directory of Properties in the Historic Property Data File). This research yielded information on five recorded historic properties and 13 recorded prehistoric sites within one mile of the project area. The description of field methods indicates that the survey and recording tasks provided complete and adequate coverage of the project area. In the findings section, Brown (1999:11-13) indicates that the two previously recorded prehistoric milling stations (RIV-3676 and RIV-3677) were relocated and that six additional sites were identified during fieldwork. The newly recorded sites include two additional prehistoric milling stations (RIV-6177 and RIV-6178) and four historical -period trash deposits (RIV-617911, RIV- 6180H, RIV-6181H, and RIV-6182H). These sites (including their internal loci) and their current conditions are summarized in the report and more fully described in the confidential appendices (B and Q. The site descriptions are complete and provide a clear and concise explanation of each resource and its surroundings. It is, however, difficult to determine from the photographs and descriptions why the isolated grinding slicks at RIV-3676, -3677, and -6177 could have "buried deposits." It appears that these sites consist of single features located on bedrock with no surrounding sediments. After the description of findings, Brown (1999:13-14) moves to her discussion and recommendations. This is the portion of the report that the City of La Quinta found to lack justification on a site -by -site basis. Brown (1999:14) essentially combines the prehistoric sites into a ,,site type" and offers a single strategy to evaluate them (i.e., one hand -excavated unit near each slick and additional backhoe trenching at each location). A similar approach is offered for the historical- period sites (i.e., surface collection and mapping of diagnostics, and a test unit in each of the ten defined loci). No justification is offered for either site type and, more importantly, no discussion of the context within which the sites will be evaluated is provided. Brown (1999:14) then states "all recovered artifacts and ecofacts should be cataloged, analyzed, and special studies undertaken, if the recovered cultural remains warrant such studies." This last statement is where the document fails to connect to the previous research in the region and to an appropriate historic context. 10 118 IV. HISTORIC CONTEXTS AND CEQA ISSUES The primary goal of this report is to determine whether a Phase II archaeological assessment is required at the sites in the project area. In order to determine if the sites meet the requirements under CEQA an appropriate historic context for the interpretation must be developed. HISTORIC CONTEXTS OF THE PROJECT AREA Historic contexts are research themes that have been set in appropriate geographic and chronological frameworks. Such contexts frame discussions of resource significance in both federal and state historic preservation processes (see NPS 1986), For the project under consideration, the "place" component of the contexts developed below is the project area located in the City of La Quinta. For the project sites, the "time" component depends on the specific context being considered, but ranges from about 9500 to 300 years ago for prehistoric sites to the late 1800s to the early 1940s for historical -period sites. These contexts would be fully developed during a Phase II assessment, and thus represent potential themes that could be associated with properties expected to be; present within the project boundaries. As a result, the research themes we discuss below are designed to be flexible enough to handle unexpected finds which present themselves on most, if not all, archaeological investigations. The first step in developing a historic context involves archival research. This work is designed to document the state of current knowledge of the history of the local area, including previous research and the results of such work. Literature searches and records checks were conducted by Brown (1999) to identify cultural resources within one mile of the project area. This uncovered evidence of prehistoric habitations, historic ranching, the hotel industry, and early residential properties dating between the late 1800s and the 1940s. Building on Brown's work, development of a historic context for the project area involves the identification of specific historic themes relevant to the occupational history of the project area and the cultural resource properties that contribute to these themes. The historic context for the project area should address the specific properties expected to be encountered, the methods to be employed in evaluating whether the resources are unique, and the criteria by which they will be evaluated. Site uniqueness can only be judged in relation to current issue's relevant to the temporal and spatial setting of the resource. We identified a series of thematic categories such as contextual analysis; chronology; land use patterns and economic issues; technology, and ethnicity. All of these categories are interrelated. Each research question related to one category builds on previous research and draws on data relevant to other categories. Examples of these categories are described briefly below. They should be developed fully during the a Phase II assessment, when specific themes and property types relevant to the project area are outlined. Contextual Analysis Conducting archaeological investigations requires the stringent control and measurement of numerous site and artifact attributes. Methods and techniques used to measure various attributes of archaeological sites are being refined and improved regularly. The most common archaeological measure is how old things are, which in sum enables the study of site or regional chronology. There are many site attributes which require measurement such as the functional analysis of artifacts leading to inferences about the exact use of a site area. Cultural formation processes such as historic redevelopment and recycling behavior, as well as natural formation processes such as erosion and other weathering processes, are critical to the ability to make inferences about site structure or integrity. Most importantly, the ability to measure particular site attributes strongly affects the ability to test certain hypotheses, and the ability to test hypotheses strongly influences assessment of site significance. The temporal setting for these specific historic contexts is the present, and the geographic setting is considered to be La Quinta. However, the "place" component could be considered southern California, national, or even global for the historic methodological issues that will be addressed. Because this historic context concerns archaeological method, the site type requirement is open to all archaeological deposits. The broad goal of this context is to improve the way researchers examine historic sites. Improving the archaeologist's ability to assess a site's integrity and ability to contribute to the database is the specific goal. Chronology Whereas the broad history of Riverside County is known, many specific issues remain cloaked in rumors, buried in historical documents, or simply unknown. Most of the questions concerning historical -period chronology can be addressed through the documentary record. The written record can be supplemented with datable artifacts such as tin cans, bottles, and pottery. Certain technologies can also be dated to specific periods. Unfortunately, some of the sites in the project area have been subject to collecting and many of the datable artifacts may have been removed or destroyed. Land Use and Econornic Issues Areas that possess a significant concentration of land use practices, roads, structures and other modifications to the environment, such as urban city blocks, often qualify as historic landscapes. In the case of this project, research could focus on a small aspect of the larger landscape. Documentation of historic dumping behaviors and other historic land alterations can provide a database from which to reconstruct many important historic land use patterns. Plat maps, historic photographs, insurance maps, aerial photographs, and other documents can provide important clues to the patterns. Questions concerning economic issues are limited due to the constraints of the project, but important issues such as interaction spheres and exchange may be investigated. Evidence of interaction and exchange during the historic period can be seen in artifacts such as bottles, cans, and machinery. Many of these artifacts have maker marks that can be traced to their date and place of origin. The artifacts themselves may reflect an interaction sphere with a number of manufacturers. Technology Whereas the technology in use at certain times is generally known from previous work for prehistoric sites and historical documents for historical -period sites, the actual items in use at any given time are difficult to predict. Factors such as the use -life of artifacts, re -use, and technological advances play a major role in determining what artifacts are deposited in the archaeological record. Each site is thus evaluated in terms of the availability, or potential availability, of specific data classes necessary to address specific historic contexts. The historic contexts represent a, necessary first step in the process. As we move forward, additional historic contexts and their associated property types may be identified. The goal is to cover all potential historic cultural resources in the project area with appropriate historic contexts, thereby providing both managers and archaeologists with direction and insight into the past. Ethnicity This category, which relates to the ethnic make-up and lifeways exhibited in the project area during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries perhaps best illustrates the relationships between the other various categories. The presence of a Native Americans in the project area suggests the possibility of diversity in land use, in trade networks and other economic patterns, in diet and use of technology, and in social structure and other cultural patterns associated with the different ethnic groups that occupied the area. These patterns undoubtedly changed from the time the city was first founded to the time it was replaced by the land -use system associated with the historical buildings now occupying the region. Methodological issues involving chronological placement of cultural deposits and mixing of these various deposits are essential to distinguishing patterns that can be attributed to such ethnic diversity from those simply due to spatial or temporal variability. CEQA ISSUES Now that an appropriate context is established, the CEQA issues concerning the sites in the project area become clear and boil down to a few key issues: (1) the integrity of the resource; (2) whether the site is a "unique archaeological resource'; (3) whether the site represents a "historical resource." Integrity With the historic context established, one of the primary criteria for determining whether a Phase II archaeological assessment is required is whether the specific resource retains integrity. According to the National Park Service "integrity is the ability of a property to convey its significance" (NPS 1990:44). This may not be an issue in the case of prehistoric bedrock milling features but may play a large role in determining if an historic trash scatter will require; a Phase II study. For example, whereas historic artifacts themselves may yield some basic information, the 13 121 context of a secondary trash deposit (i.e., trash that was generated elsewhere and dumped on the property) is sometimes difficult to ascertain. The key to secondary trash dumps is to determine the processes that took place prior to deposition. If the source of the artifacts can be determined, secondary deposits can be argued to have historic integrity. To posses integrity a resource must retain most, if not all, of the following seven aspects or qualities: (1) location; (2) design; (3) setting; (4) materials; (5) workmanship; (6) feeling; and (7) association. Based on the site descriptions, it appears that all of the sites in the project area retain integrity. Even though it is likely that the historic trash was not generated at the location of the deposit, secondary dumps often contain a wealth of information concerning the dumping behavior of nearby residents. Disturbance to the deposit is usually not a critical factor because the artifacts, by definition, are already in secondary context (Schiffer 1987). Unique Archaeological Resources A second criterion to determine if a Phase II assessment is required is whether the resources represent "unique archaeological resources" as defined by Section 21083.2(g) of CEQA. Under CEQA, resources must do more than simply add to the current body of knowledge. Typically, the question of archaeological "uniqueness" boils down to the issue of whether a site contains information needed to answer important scientific: research questions. In the case of bedrock milling features it is often difficult to argue for uniqueness unless there is some reason to expect that buried cultural resources are associated with the features. It appears that most of the prehistoric sites in the project area fail to represent unique archaeological resources because the information that can be gained from isolated slicks typically simply adds to the current body of knowledge. Once the locational and dimensional qualities of this type of resource are documented there little else that can be gleaned from them. On the other hand, within the proper context, the historical -period sites in the project area may represent unique archaeological resources. Historical Resources A third criterion to determine if a Phase II assessment is required is whether the resources represent "historical resources" as defined by Section 15064.5(a) of CEQA. Because there are no standing structures present and the sites are unlikely to be connected to an important individual„ this criterion likely applies strictly to archaeological resources (historic and prehistoric). Thus the CEQA issue depends on whether the resources qualify under Criterion (A) "associated with events that have made a significant contribution To the broad patterns of Califonnia's history and cultural heritage," or whether the resources qualify under Criterion (D) "has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history." Based on the Brown's (1999) documentation of what was found at the sites, a reasonable potential exists for some sites to yield information important in prehistory or history and thus qualify for a Phase II investigation. Each of the sites are discussed in detail below and those that appear likely to yield such information and/or those that qualify as "unique archaeological resources," are recommended for a Phase II archaeological site assessment. 14 122 V. SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND PHASE II ASSESSMENTS A total of eight archaeological sites are recorded in the project area; four prehistoric milling stations (RIV-3676, RIV3677, RIV-6177 and RIV-6178) and four historical -period trash deposits (RIV- 6179H, RIV-61801FL RIV-6181H, and RIV-61821i). In addition to the sites, three isolates, all single Brownware ceramic sherds, were also recorded in the project area. This section is divided into two parts based on site type; bedrock milling stations and historical -period trash deposits. Within each part, brief descriptions are provided for each of the archaeological sites, followed by SRI's Phase II assessments for each site. BEDROCK MILLING STATIONS RIV-3676 This site is described as a bedrock slick on a large boulder.. While no artifacts were found in association with the site, an extensive scatter of modem trash was noted in the area. The update of the site record does not contain any measurements or drawings of the slick. A photograph of the slick, however, shows the boulder is located on a south facing slope amidst numerous small rocks. The slick itself appears to be no greater than 50 cm in diameter and rather shallow. RIV-3676 is an isolated bedrock milling slick. A recent testing project at similar sites on March Air Force Base in Riverside County, California demonstrated that bedrock slicks without surface artifacts are unlikely to contain subsurface components (Maxwell 1997). The likelihood of a subsurface component is also questioned by lack of sediments surrounding the boulder, the presence of the small rocks, and its general location on a slope. The apparent small size of the slick and the lack of associated artifacts or features suggest that use of the boulder as a slick was related to expedient processing of nearby food resources. RIV-3677 RIV-3677 is a bedrock mortar located about 300 feet east of RIV-3676. It too was surrounded by a large quantity of modem trash. As with RIV-3676, no information as to size or depth is provided on the update to the site record form. The photograph provided of the feature appears to show the boulder lying on relatively flat ground with some sediments to its east. RIV-3677 is located in the same general vicinity as R1V-3676. Because no associated artifacts were found, it appears that this site also represents an isolated grinding location that was occasionally used during by local Native Americans. RIV-6177 RIV-6177 is one of two newly discovered bedrock milling sites situated in similar settings as RIV- 3676 and RIV-3677. This site is located at the base of La Quinta Mountain, in an area of large boulders with a flat sand covered terrace located immediately to its south. The single feature at the 15 123 site was a well -developed grinding slick or shallow dished mortar, about 3 cm deep and 15 cm in diameter. Extensive modem trash and blown sand were noted in the vicinity. There were no surface artifacts recorded. It is unlikely that buried deposits would be encountered at RIV-6177. RIV-6178 The second prehistoric site discovered by RMW consists of a highly polished slick on a large boulder. It is one of four isolated bedrock grinding features found along the base of La Quinta Mountain that were recorded in the project area. RIV-6178 is a grinding, slick that measures 26 by 22 cm. This grinding feature was similarly used in the processing of nearby plant resources. A flat sandy terrace exists to the south of the grinding slick. The general area is heavily littered with modern trash. Interestingly, a prehistoric Brown ware ceramic sherd was noted about 75 feet east of the site. Although not included as part of the site, its presence suggests other prehistoric activities took place in the area. While the likelihood for subsurface deposits at the site is still low, the sandy area south of the feature could contain buried artifacts. PHASE H ASSESSMENTS None of the four prehistoric archaeological sites exhibited evidence of subsurface components, nor in SRI's professional opinion are they likely to have a subsurface component. The lack of associated artifacts, the absence of sediments, and the isolated nature of the features suggest all four sites were used for occasional grinding of nearby food resources. Phase II investigations at these sites are not warranted based on our discussion of historic contexts in the previous section. The only historic context that may be addressed through these sites is land use and economic issues. However, the location of the bedrock nulling stations, vis-a-vis economic resources, is the only relevant information to this context and it has already been obtained. Thus, these sites are unlikely to yield additional information important to prehistory. No Phase II assessment is required at these sites. However, based on the information provided, SRI recommends that these sites be adequately mapped and described. HISTORICAL -PERIOD TRASH DEPOSITS RIV-6179H Four loci of historic period trash were identified at RIV-6179H. These deposits were found on a low terrace along a dry wash. Sand and sparse native grasses typify the area. Locus A of the site was 9 by 5 m in area and contained roughly 300 items, mostly glass. Some of the glass was noted as having been possibly used for target practice along the base of the mountain. Observed artifacts at Locus A included crockery, canning jars, ironstone fragments, and sun -colored amethyst glass. 16 124 Locus B of the site was located 10 m to the east of Locus A. It measures 15 by 30 m in size, or roughly ten times the size of Locus A. Another 250 artifacts were reported scattered throughout this locus. Similar artifacts were observed, however, a single prehistoric Brownware ceramic sherd was also noted. Locus C is a scatter of about a dozen or so solder dot cans about 15 meters from Locus B. Locus D was a scatter that measured roughly 8 by 12 m positioned about 11 meters from Locus C. It consisted mainly of glass fragments, although the size of the fragments was noted as being generally larger than those found at Locus A or C. Sun -colored amethyst glass and a bottle dated to 1924 were noted in the Locus D collection. The site was noted as having several bottle collector holes excavated into it as well as a scatter of modern trash. The exact location of the site is somewhat in question as the location map on the site card and the overall project map differ as to where the site is plotted. RfV-6180H RIV-6180H represents a single locus of historic trash made up mainly of metal fragments. The site is located along a low sand dune that is eroding into a small wash. Observed artifacts included cans for tobacco, evaporated milk, and syrup. Bottle fragments and crockery were also noted. The site measures 45 by 45 m in size and looks in many respects similar to the other historic trash loci recorded in the project area. There was no indication of subsurface deposits at the site. The site was noted on a sand dune that was eroding into a wash, but there was no observation made regarding depth in the eroding dune. It appears that the site is a light scatter of artifacts that has been disturbed by bottle hunting activities in the recent past. RIV-6181H This site represents a single loci of historic trash that was recorded as 7 by 14 m in size:. Approximately 100 artifacts were noted along the northeast trending dune including cans for tobacco and evaporated milk, porcelain, and bottle glass. As with the other sites, bottle collector holes were observed at the site. Some; items were noted as eroding down slope on the sand dune it is located. However, the term eroding indicates the site has some depth and that it was being exposed as the dune sands eroded away. It is unclear from the description if the site actually has depth. RIV-6182H This site contains four loci of historic trash in a series of small dunes amidst a thicket of mesquite. Locus A of the site was 4 by 5 meters in size and contained about 20 artifacts, all can fragments. Locus B was 23 meters in diameter and located about 25 meters south of Locus A. Over 500 artifacts were estimated at this locus, including glass, an inkwell, cans, semi -porcelain in several patterns, and crockery. Locus C is about 30 meters from Locus B and contained about 100 items in. a 2 by 4 m area. Glass, cans, and a skillet handle were noted. Locus D was recorded as a 12 by 12 m scatter of 17 125 another 100 artifacts; mostly cans and glass. There was evidence of collector holes at the site, but no indication of depth was made in the site report. Modem trash is scattered throughout the area. PHASE II ASSESSMENTS Phase II investigations at these sites are warranted based on Brown's descriptions and our development of historic contexts above. These sites are likely to represent unique archaeological resources as defined by Section 21083.2 (g) of CEQA in that they may contain information needed to answer important scientific research questions of a demonstrable public interest and/or may be directly associated with a scientifically recognized important historic event or person. They may also represent historical resources as defined by Section 15064.5 (a) of CEQA in that they may be: (1) associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; (2) associated with the lives of persons important in our past; or (3) likely to yield information important in history. In terms of the historic contexts discussed above, each of the historical -period archaeological sites has the potential to address issues of contextual analysis, chronology, land use and economic issues, technology, and ethnicity. Specifically, these sites may be related to early settlement in the Coachella Valley, the development of the hotel/resort industry, and ranching endeavors. SRI's assessments of the archaeological resources is summarized in Table 1. Table 1. SRI's Phase H Assessments. Site Integrity Unique Resource Historic Resource Phase II Assessment RIV-3676 Yes No No No RIV-3677 Yes No No No RIV-6177 Yes No No No RIV-6178 Yes No No No RIV-6179H Yes Yes Yes Yes RIV-6180H Yes Yes Yes Yes RIV-6181H Yes Yes Yes Yes RIV-6182H Yes Yes Yes Yes is 126 VI. REVIEW OF RMW'S METHODS TO EVALUATE HISTORIC PROPERTIES Brown (1999:14) proposes methods to assess the historical resources in the project area. These consist of. (1) mapping and surface collecting diagnostic .artifacts; (2) placing a single hand unit in each of the ten identified site loci to determine subsurface extent and integrity of the deposit; (3) cataloging and analyzing all recovered artifacts; (4) and writing a report of the Phase II studies. Brown's (1999:14) proposed methods would contribute to one or both of the following goals: (1) to determine whether the sites contain classes of information needed to address important local and regional research problems, and (2) if the cultural materials retain sufficient depositional integrity to support acceptable interpretations and conclusions. To recover such data, the Phase I1 assessment should be based upon a synthesis of historical information and the site inventory. All known properties and additional sensitive locations developed from archival and oral historical research should be plotted on maps. The fieldwork will update the current status of recorded properties, add to the definition of site boundaries, and record additional features. The assessment should be based upon evaluation of the research potential of features and assemblages, and should be measured with reference to the questions outlined in the historic context developed above. Classes of archaeological data most relevant to the questions posed include ceramic, metal, and glass artifacts that are particularly sensitive indicators of chronology, ethnicity, and economic scaling. SRI concurs that the project occurs in an area that is highly sensitive for buried prehistoric resources. Because of the possibility that subsurface archaeological deposits could be present (Brock and Smith 1999), it is recommended that the project areas not previously graded be monitored by an archaeologist during all ground disturbing activities. 19 7 L VII. REFERENCES Altschul, Jeffrey H. 1986 Significance Evaluations for Three Cultural Resources on the Ditz-Crane Mission Creek Property, Riverside County, California. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Bean, Lowell J., and Katherine S. Saubel 1972 Temalpakh (from the Earth): Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. MaM Museum Press, Banning. Bean, Lowell J., Jerry Schaefer, and Sylvia B. Vane 1995 Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Ethnohistoric Investigations at Tahquitz Canyon Palm Springs, California. Report prepared for Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Report prepared by Cultural Systems Research, Inc. Menlo Park. Bean, Lowell J., and Sylvia B. Vane 1995 Ethnography and Ethnohistory. In Archaeological, Ethnographic, and E thnohistoric Investigations at Tahquitz Canyon Palm Springs, California, by Lowell J. Bean, Jerry Schaefer, and Sylvia B. Vane, pp. V-1 - V-307. Report prepared for Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Report prepared by Cultural Systems Research, Inc. Menlo Park. Bean, Lowell John, Sylvia Brakke Vane, and Jackson Young 1991 The Cahuilla Landscape: The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. Ballena Press, Menlo Parr, California. Bischoff, Matt C. 1999 The Desert Training Center/California-Arizona Maneuver Area, J942-4944. Historic Context. In Press, Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Brock, James, and Brenda D. Smith 1999 Digging in Desert Dune Fields: Methodological Considerations. Paper presented at the 1999 Society for California Annual Meetings, Sacramento, California. Brown, Joan C. 1999 A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the La Quinta Resort &: Club Real Project, Located in La Quinta, Riverside County, California. Report submitted to Planning Consultants Research, Santa Monica. Report prepared by RMW Paleo Associates, Inc., Mission Viejo, California. Coachella Valley Water District [CVWD] 1978 Coachella Valley's Golden Years. Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella, California. 20 128 Craib, John L. 1980 Archaeological Test Sampling of Sites Within the La Quinta Flood Control Channel Easement. Archaeological Resource Management Co., Garden Grove, California. Grenda, Donn R. 1997 Continuity and Change: 8,500 Years of Lacustrine Adaptation on the Shores of Lake Elsinore. Statistical Research Technical Series No. 59. Tucson. 1998 Between the Coast and the Desert: Archaeological Data Recovery at the Yukaipa't Site, CA-SBR-1000, Yucaipa, California. Statistical Research Technical Series No. 70. Tucson. Jertberg, Patricia and Nancy Farrell 1980 A Study of Late Prehistoric Subsistence and Settlement Patterns along the Northwestern Shoreline of Lake Cahuilla. Archaeological Resource Management Corporation, Garden Grove, California. Laylander, Don 1997 The Last Days of Lake Cahuilla: The Elmore Site. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, Vol. 33, Nos. 1 and 2:1-138. Maxwell, David 1997 Archaeological Testing at Six Sites on March Air Force Base, Riverside County, California. Report prepared for Earth Tech, Inc. Report prepared by Statistical Research, Inc. National Park Service (NPS) 1990 How to Evaluate the Integrity of a Property. In How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin Vol. 15:44-49. Pallette, Drew, and Jerry Schaefer 1995 Archaeological Investigations of Two Lake Cahuilla Associated Rockshelters in the Toto Canyon Area, Riverside County, California. In Proceedings c f the Society for California.4rchaeology Vol. 8, pp. 105-122. Patencio, Francisco 1943 Stories and Legends of the Palm Springs Indians. Margaret Boynton, editor. Los Angeles: Times -Minor. Richards, Elizabeth W. 1961 A Look Into Palm Springs' Past. Santa Fe Federal Savings and Loan Association, Palm Springs, California. Rogers, Malcolm J. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Albuquerque: Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1 (2):167-198. 21 129 Romano, Melinda C. 1995 Whitewater River Basin Archaeological Records Search and Literature Review. Infotec Research, Inc., Fresno, California, and Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Schaefer, Jerry 1994 The Stuff of Creation: Recent Approaches to Ceramics Analysis in the Colorado Desert in Recent Research Along the Lower Colorado River, Statistical Research, Technical aeries No. 51, Tucson Schiffer, Michael B. 1987 Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Sutton, Mark Q. and Philip J. Wilke 1988 Archaeological Investigations at CA-RIV-1179, CA-RIV- 2823, and CA-RIV-2827, La Quinta, Riverside County, California. Archives of California Prehistory, No. 20, Coyote Press, Salinas, California. Wallace, William J. 1955 A Suggested Chronology For Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214-230. 1978 Post -Pleistocene Archaeology. In R. F. Heizer, Vol. ed., Handbook of forth American Indians, Vol8: California.:25-36. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Warren, Claude N. 1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In C. Irwin -Williams, Ed., Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States. Portales: Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 1(3):1-14. Whittlesey, Stephanie M., Richard S. Ciolek-Torrello, and Matthew A. Sterner 1994 Southern Arizona The Last 12, 000 Years: A Cultural -Historic Overview for the Western Army National Guard Aviation 7raining Site. Statistical Research Technical Series, No. 48. Tucson. Wilke, Philip J., and Harry W. Lawton 1975 The Cahuilla Indians of the California Desert: Ethnohistory and Prehistory. Part 1 Early Observations on the Geography of Coachella Valley. Lowell J. Bean editor, Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 3(1):9-43. Wilke, Philip J., Harry W. Lawton, Thomas King, and Stephen Hammond 1975 The Cahuilla Indians of the Colorado Desert: Ethnohistory and Prehistory. Ballena Press, Ramona, California. 22 130 HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: JUNE 17, 1999 ITEM: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 99-383: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC PLAN 99- 036 AND TENTATIVE PARCEL MAP 29351 LOCATION: NORTHWEST OF THE INTERSECTION OF HIGHWAY 111 AND DUNE PALMS ROAD APPLICANT: TROLL-WOODPARK COMPANY (SCOTT GAYNER) ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT: CRM TECH (BRUCE LOVE, PRINCIPAL) BACKGROUND: An Initial Study for a Negative Declaration is being prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act requirements for Specific Plan 99-036 and Tentative Parcel Map 2935, proposed on 55 acres of land. The Specific Plan consists of a mixed commercial/light industrial development. The Tentative Parcel Map proposes 38 parcels to coincide with the development proposed by the Specific Plan. As a part of the Environmental Assessment, a Phase 1 cultural resources report has been submitted. DISCUSSION: The records search revealed a recorded cultural resource site adjacent to the west boundary of the project area near the south end of the property. This site is known to extend easterly into the project area. Much of the acreage within one mile of the site has been surveyed. As a result, numerous prehistoric archaeological sites have been identified, clustered along and above the 42 foot elevation contour of the ancient Lake Cahuilla shoreline. Additionally, across Highway 111 to the south are eight historic (i.e., non -Indian) archaeological sites, mostly representing remains of early to mid 20`h century ranching activities. In summary, the report concludes the project site is in an area that is clearly sensitive for prehistoric archaeological resources. Although early trails surround the site and a 1950's building exists near Highway 111 within the project area, the record search showed the project area to be far less sensitive for historic archaeological resources or other historic features of the built environment. C:hpc rpt cup 99-044 tt 29288 ,. 131 31 The field survey did not reveal any traces of the early significant trails on the project site. The 1950's building has been significantly altered and retains little historic integrity, and requires no further consideration. Site CA-RIV-2936 was found to extend from the; west boundary to almost half of the project area. The site mapped contained 31 loci or artifact concentrations, consisting of burned clay and rock, pottery fragments, small animal bone, and pieces of mussel shell. Additionally, remains of two intact fire pits and a single bead were found. A new large site, temporarily named CRM TECH 354-1, pending an official designation, was found near the southeast corner of the project area. Due to recent grading, a dense concentration of rock, clay, animal bone, ceramics, and a single arrow point was found within the new site. The two recorded sites are separated by large sand dunes which appear to be relatively recent in origin. The two sites may be, in fact, one large site that has been split by the dunes. The report states that CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1 meet CEQA criteria for important archaeological resources and California Register criteria for historic resources, in that they have the potential to be significant sites where the ancestors of today's Cahuilla people settled and lived along the Whitewater River Channel. The potential for subsurface finds is significant. The report recommends that Phase II testing be completed on CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1, consisting of the following procedures: 1) Surface collection of all visible artifacts; 2) Excavation of archaeological test units and backhoe trenches to determine the depth and subsurface content of the sites; 3) Laboratory analysis of artifacts recovered from the field procedures, including ceramics, lithics, fauna, groundstone, fire -affected rock, and hardened clay; 4) Consultation with Cahuilla cultural advisors regarding site significance; 5) Preparation of a final report to summarize the findings of the procedures outlined above, and interpret such findings within the context of a regional research design. RECOMMENDATION_ Adopt Minute Motion 99- , accepting : 1 .) The cultural resources report titled, "La Quinta Corporate Center", as prepared by CRM TECH; C:hpc rpt cup 99-044 tt 29288 -� 0 2 for Environmental Assessment 99-383, in partial compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Attachments: 1. Confidential Cultural Resource Report for La Quinta Corporate Center (Commissioners only) Prepared by: Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner C:hpc rpt cup 99-044 tt 29288 Submitted By: �44A _ Christine di lorio, Planning Manager 133 CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT LA QUINTA CORPORATE CENTRE Located at Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road La Quinta, Riverside County, California Submitted to: Scott Gayner, President Troll-Woodpark Development Company 2323 N. Tustin Avenue, Suite F Santa Ana, CA 92705 Submitted. by: Bruce Love, Principal Bai "Tom" Tang,. Historian Harry M. Quinn, Archaeologist CRM TECH 126 Barrett Road Riverside, CA 92507 January 7, 1999 CRM TECH Contract #354 Approximately 53 Acres La Quinta, Calif., S Quadrangle Section 29, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian Sites CA-RIV-2936, CRM TECH 354-1 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In November and December, 1998, CR.M TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 53 acres of undeveloped land in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The subject property of the study consists of the southerly portion of the northwest quarter of Section 29, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, located on the northwestern corner of Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5' quadrangle. The study is a part of the environmental review process for a proposed development project known as the La Quinta Corporate Centre, to be undertaken on the subject property, and is required by the City of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the project, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The purpose of the study, therefore, is to provide the City with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the project would cause substantial adverse changes to any historical resources that may exist in or around the project area, as mandated by CEQA. In order to identify and evaluate such resources, CR.M TECH conducted a historical/archaeological resources records search, a historical background review, and an intensive field survey of the project area. During the course of the study, two prehistoric archaeological sites, CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1, were encountered within the study area. Because their significance could not be determined properly without further investigation, CRM TECH recommends that an archaeological testing program be completed on these sites, in order to determine the extent and nature of the archaeological remains and to evaluate the two sites based on CEQA criteria. v TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENTSUMMARY.................................................................................................i INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 SETTING ....................... ............................................................................................... .................3 Current Natural Setting """"""""'3 CulturalSetting.............................................................................................. METHODS....................................................................................................................................5 RecordsSearch.................................................................................................................5 HistoricalResearch.........................................................................................................6 FieldSurvey.....................................................................................................................6 RESULTSAND FINDINGS......................................................................................................7 RecordsSearch Results..................................................................................................7 Historical Research Results..........................................................................................9 FieldSurvey Results......................................................................................................11 CA-RIV-2936........................................................................................................11 CRMTECH 354-1.................................................................................................11 BuriedSite Potential..........................................................................................16 DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................16 Definitions........................................................................................................................16 SiteEvaluation................................................................................................................17 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................. ...........................17 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................18 REFERENCES........................................................................................................... ...................19 APPENDIX 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS .................................................................21 136 ii LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1. Project ..............................................................1 y.............................................vicinity Figure2. Project area.................................................................................................................2 Figure 3. Native stands of creosote bush..............................................................................3 Figure 4. Previous cultural resources surveys.....................................................................8 Figure 5. The project area and vicinity in 1855-1856..........................................................9 Figure 6. The project area and vicinity in 1901....................................................................9 Figure 7. The project area and vicinity in 1941....................................................................10 Figure 8. The project area and vicinity in 1949....................................................................10 Figure 9. The project area and vicinity in 1955....................................................................10 Figure 10. The project area and vicinity in 1954-1959........................................................11 Figure 11. Locations of archaeological sites in the project area........................................12 Figure 12. Typical piece of burned clay..................................................................................12 Figure 13. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-2936.........................................................................13 Figure 14. Typical pottery sherd..............................................................................................14 Figure15. Figure 16. Burn area..................................................................................................................14 Olivella Wall Disk shell bead...............................................................................14 Figure 17. Sketch map of Site CRM TECH 354-1.................................................................15 Figure 18. Cottonwood Triangular arrow point.......................................I..........................16 jai iii INTRODUCTION In November and December, 1998, at the request of Troll-Woodpark Development Company, CRM TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 53 acres of undeveloped land in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Fig. 1). The subject property of the study consists of the southerly portion of the northwest quarter of Section 29, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, located on the northwestern corner of Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road, as depicted in the 7.5' quadrangle (Fig. 2). The study is a part of the environmental proposed development project known as the La Quinta Corporate Centre, undertaken on the subject property, and is required by the City of La Quin Agency for the project, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality PRC §21000, et seq.). USES La Quinta, Calif review process for a to be :a, Lead Act (CEQA; CRM TECH performed the present study to provide the City of La Quinta with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the proposed project would cause substantial adverse changes to any historical resources that may exist in or around the project area, as mandated by CEQA. In order to identify and evaluate such resources, CRM TECH conducted a historical/archaeological resources records search, historical background review, and an intensive field survey of the project area. The following report is a complete account of the methods and results of the various avenues of research, and the final conclusion of this study. 414, E 1 o R."' C �� It project ,j , l w v } •QQ-% a (?.. F N } , : ti.iRr? t3 yitNU Rev +; v'. <4y. 1�. ~sr `Y dt1 tlr t �J4 F w.r •.. ,r y t f . } 8 ' } 7 SCALE 1:250,900 1 U 5 tOmiles Figure 1. Project vicinity. (Based on USGS Santa Ana, C'alif., 1:250,000 quadrangle [USGS 19791) ";- 138 Figure 2. Project area. (Based on USGS La Quinta, Calif., 1:24,000 quadrangle [USGS 19801) 139 SETTING Current Natural Setting The project area is bounded by the Whitewater River (now the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel) on the north, Dune Palms Road on the east, Highway 111 on the south, and undeveloped acreage and a self storage facility on the west. It is located on the old Whitewater River Delta/Dune Complex that developed where the river once entered into ancient Lake Cahuilla. Situated in the western Coachella Valley, the project area and its environs are marked by extremes in temperature and aridity. Temperatures in the area top 120 degrees in summer, and dip to near freezing in winter. Average annual precipitation is less than five inches. Elevations in the project area are in general just above 60 feet above sea level. The project area can be divided into four main sectors based on surface modifications. The first of these is an east -west trending strip abutting the stormwater channel, extending across the northern end of the project area. This area has been cleared, leveled, and apparently farmed in the past. This area supports a scattered growth of low scrub brush and grasses with a minor amount of creosote bush and mesquite. The second sector contains roughly the western one-third of the southern portion of the project area. This area has been partially cleared and apparently locally leveled. Where cleared, the area hosts a growth of low scrub and grasses. The uncleared portions still contain creosote bush (Fig. 3). Figure 3. Native stands of creosote bush in the uncleared portions of the project area. 3 140 The third sector consists of the central one-third of the southern portion of the project area. This area is cut by some old dirt roads, but is for the most part an undisturbed mesquite dune complex, with a scattered growth. of creosote bush. The eastern one-third of the southern portion of the project area, the fourth and final sector, has also been cleared and partially leveled. This sector contains a building and a tamarisk wind break. The area near the corner of Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road has been cleared, while that north of the wind break has been cleared and graded. There is a thin strip of creosote bush in a small uncleared area northeast of the wind break and some creosote bush growing along the northern part of this sector. Native lifeways in the Coachella Valley was greatly influenced in centuries past by the comings and goings of ancient Lake Cahuilla, whose last drying up period began around AD 1650. The project area lies some 20 feet higher in elevation than the highest shoreline of the lake, which ran along today's 42-foot contour line, just over a mile to the east and southeast of the project area. Its proximity to this now -vanished fresh- water lake, and to the seasonal flow of the Whitewater River, renders the project area a favorable setting for prehistoric Native American habitation. Cultural Setting The Coachella Valley is a historical center of Native American settlement, where a large number of Indian villages and rancherfas, occupied by the Desert Cahuilla people, were observed in the mid -nineteenth century. The basic written sources on Desert Cahuilla culture are Kroeber (1925), Strong (1929), and Bean (1978). The following ethnographic discussion of the Cahuilla people is based on these sources. The Cahuilla people are generally divided, by anthropologists, into three groups, according to their geographic setting: the Pass Cahuilla in the Banning -Beaumont area, the Mountain Cahuilla in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains and the Cahuilla Valley, and the Desert Cahuilla in the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla did not have a single name that referred to an all-inclusive tribal affiliation. Instead, membership was in terms of lineages or clans that were in turn grouped within the two main divisions of the people. Members of clans in one division, or moiety, had to marry into clans from the other division. Individual clans had villages, or central places, and territories they called their own. These were lands they considered theirs for purposes of hunting game, gathering food, or utilizing other necessary resources. They interacted with other clans in the forms of trade, intermarriage, and ceremonies. Population data prior to European contact are almost impossible to obtain, but estimates range from. 3,600 to as high as 10,000 persons. During the 19th century, however, the Cahuilla population was decimated as a result of European diseases, most notably smallpox, for which the Native peoples had no immunity. Today, Native Americans of Desert Cahuilla heritage are mostly affiliated with one or more of the Indian reservations in the Coachella Valley, including Cabazon, Torres Martinez, Agua Caliente, Morongo, and Augustine. Members of these reservations are highly 4 141 conscious of the archaeological remains of their past, and have great concern when earth -moving activities disturb cultural remains. Although only a few elders can remember the old ways or speak the Cahuilla language, there appears to be a revitalization trend among many tribal members. Through the Coachella Valley ran an ancient Indian trading route, the Cocomaricopa Trail, connecting the coastal region of California to areas along the Colorado River. In 1862, in the aftermath of the La Paz gold rush on the Colorado River, the Cocomaricopa Trail was "rediscovered" by explorer William David Bradshaw, and became known as the Bradshaw Trail. For the next decade and a half, it served as the main thoroughfare between the Los Angeles area and the gold fields near present-day Ehrenberg, Arizona. By the late 1870s, however, the depletion of the La Paz gold mines and the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad's Coachella Valley line in 1876-1877 brought an end to the heyday of this historic wagon road. In the early twentieth century, with the coming of the automobile age, the role of the Bradshaw Trail was revived in the form of the Ocean -to -Ocean Highway (U.S. 60/70/99). Today, this role is served by Interstate Freeway 10, one of the busiest transportation arteries in the nation. Non -Indian settlement in the Coachella Valley began in the 1880s, after the public land was opened for claims under the Homestead Act, the Desert Land Act, and other federal land laws. But due to the lack of an adequate and reliable water supply, agricultural development in the arid region was greatly handicapped until the completion of the Coachella Canal in 1948-1949. The main agricultural staple in the Coachella Valley, the date palm, was first introduced around the turn of the century. By the late 1910s, the date palm industry had firmly established itself, giving the region its celebrated image of "the Arabia of America." Starting in the 1920s, a new industry, featuring resort hotels and golf courses, gradually spread throughout the Coachella Valley, and since then transformed it into Southern California's leading winter retreat. In present-day City of La Quinta, the earliest settlement and land development activities did not occur until the turn of the century. In 1926, with the construction of the La Quinta Hotel, the development of La Quinta took on the character of a winter resort town, typical of the desert communities along Highway 111. Starting in the early 1930s, the subdivision of the cove area of La Quinta and the marketing of "weekend homes" further emphasized this new direction of development. On May 1, 1982, La Quinta was incorporated as the nineteenth city in Riverside County. METHODS The following sections outline the methods and procedures used during this study. Records Search The records search was conducted by CRM TECH historian B i "Tom" Tang (see App. 1 for qualifications) at the Eastern Information Center (EIC) prior to the commencement 5 142 of field work. The EIC, located at the University of California, Riverside, is the State of California's official cultural resource records repository for the County of Riverside, and a part of the California Historical Resource Information System established and maintained under the auspices of the California Office of Historic Preservation. During the records search, Tang examined maps and records on file at the EIC for previously identified cultural resources inside or within a one -mile radius of the study area, and existing cultural resources reports pertaining to the vicinity. Previously identified cultural resources include properties designated as California Historical Landmarks, Points of Historical Interest, or Riverside County Landmarks, as well as those listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, or the California Historical Resource Information System. Historical Research Bai "Tom" Tang conducted the historical background research for this study on the basis of published literature in local and regional history and historic maps collected at the California Desert District of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the Science Library of the University of California, Riverside. Among maps consulted for this study are the U.S. General Land Office's (GLO) township plat maps dating to 1856, and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) topographic: maps dating to 1904. 1941, and 1959. Field Survey On November 13, 23, and 24, 1998, CRM TECH principal Bruce Love and field director Harry M. Quinn carried out the intensive field survey of the project area with the assistance of a field crew of three members, Joe Loya, Tony Lavato, and George Auclair (see App. 1 for qualifications). Loya and Auclaiir are members of the Torres Martinez . Band of Desert Cahuilla Indians. Lavato is a Native American affiliated with the Tribe. During the survey, the team covered the entire project area by walking parallel north - south lines at 15-meter (50-foot) intervals, pin-fllagging artifacts as they were observed. Found artifacts were then double-checked by Quinn and/or Love. As artifacts were flagged, crew members marked nearby bushes with pink ribbon to facilitate re -location of the sites at a later time. With the exception of one yellow -brown jasper cottonwood triangular point and one shell bead, no artifacts were collected at this stage in the field work. After the project area was completely surveyed and flagged, Love and Quinn revisited the clusters of artifacts in order to determine site or locus boundaries. Using a Bushnell range finder and hand-held compass, the mapper located each site/locus on a field map and plotted its location in relation to a datum stake of wooden lath. In order to use a scale at which individual sites/loci could be distinguished from one another, several field maps were made, each of a different section of the project area, to be joined later into one overall map of artifact concentrations. The final sketch maps were included in archaeological site records submitted to the EIC. 143 ra RESULTS AND FINDINGS The following sections discuss the results and findings of the various research procedures outlined above. Records Search Results The records search results indicate that the project area had not been systematically surveyed for cultural resources prior to this study. just to the west of the project boundary, however, a small parcel lying between the project area and Adams Street has been surveyed repeatedly since 1984, most recently by CRM TECH last November (McCarthy 1984a; Chace and Reeves 1996; Love and Quinn 1998), and an extensive prehistoric (i.e., Native American) archaeological site, CA-RIV-2936, has been recorded at that location, the eastern edge of which is known to extend into the current project area. In the general vicinity of the project area, the bulk of the acreage within a one - mile radius has been surveyed (Fig. 4). As a result of these surveys, a large number of prehistoric archaeological sites have been identified and recorded within the one -mile radius, clustered mostly along and above the 42-foot elevation contour line, the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla. On the property lying to the south of the project area across Highway 111, eight historic (i.e., non -Indian) archaeological sites have also been recorded, mostly representing remains of early to mid-20th century ranching activities. EIC records show the City of La Quinta to be one of the areas in Riverside County that have been most extensively surveyed, and one of the richest in archaeological resources. The northern portion of the city, around the project area, demonstrates in particular a high concentration of prehistoric archaeological sites, due to the presence of the ancient lake shore. When recorded in 1984, Site CA-RIV-2936 was described as an "extensive area in sand dunes with habitation material," including numerous groundstone :fragments, pot sherds, bone fragments, and burned clay that may be remains of house floors (McCarthy 1984a:4; McCarthy 1984b). During later cultural. resources studies in the vicinity, fire - affected rock and occasional debitage were also observed at the site (Everson 1992). In 1990, the western portion of the site, situated to the west of Adams Street,, was tested and interpreted to be the remains of what was probably "a seasonal fishing camp with some exploitation of desert faunal resources" (Yohe 1990:93). It was reported at the time that that portion of CA-RIV-2936 had been significantly disturbed, and yielded only a small sample of cultural material during the testing program (ibid.:70-71, 93). After the completion of the testing program, the western portion of the site was leveled during a development project (Everson 1992). The surviving eastern portion of the site, on the other hand, was again surveyed in 1996 (Chace and Reeves 1996:19). At the completion of that survey, Chace and Reeves (ibid.) proposed the hypothesis that the site was associated with the Cahuilla village of Kavinic, which was observed in nearby Section 24, T5S R6E, in the mid-1850s (GLO. 1856a; Strong 1929:101; Bean et al. 1991:45). Accordingly, Chace and Reeves (1996:21) concluded that CA-RIV-2936 "appears to represent an important heritage site and to 7 a Figure 4. Previous cultural resources surveys in the vicinity of the project area, listed by EIC manuscript file number. Locations of archaeological remains are not :shown as a protective measure. s warrant further testing and investigation," a conclusion that echoes the recommendations made by McCarthy (1984a:4) 12 years earlier. In November, 1998, CRM TECH carried out the recommended testing program on the portion of CA-RIV- 2936 located west of the current project boundary, and determined that two fire pit features in that portion of the site met CEQA definitions of "historical resources" and "important archaeological resources" (Love and Quinn 1998:22). In summary, based on the results of previous studies in the vicinity, especially in view of the known presence of a portion of Site CA-FJV-2936 within its boundaries, the project area, situated in close proximity to the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, is clearly very sensitive for prehistoric archaeological resources. Historical Research Results In contrast to its high sensitivity for prehistoric archaeological remains, the project area appears to be far less sensitive for historic archaeological resources or other historic features of built environment. The earliest historic maps of the vicinity, dating to the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, show a road, probably a branch of the Cocomaricopa- Bradshaw Trail, traversing just to the north of the project area, following the course of the Whitewater River (Figs. 5, 6). The main branch of the trail, in the meantime, skirted around Point Happy a short distance to the west of the project area (Figs. 5, 6; Johnston 1987:115). However, the proximity to this historic artery of cross -desert transportation apparently left little impact on the project area itself. As Figures 5-8 0 S4=r 6 !i Mitt Y �M project area .' roads Asa 1 t A'tlC .✓InD a = s t a Yuma m, 7 �� < J. project Pt *W1 - area a b ta+f f 4 id SCALE 1:125,000 E 0 1 2 miles Figure 5. The project area and vicinity in 1855-1856. Figure 6. The project area and vicinity in 1901. (Source: GLO 1856) (Source: USGS 1904) 9 146 z7 �I s I. / � �J project ; 21 F 1� area _ a,o r � R u e i 28 1 3 4+/ G i 5\ •i �\ I J I I � I SCALE 1:62,500 0 1 tulle py.q.i Figure 7. The project area and vicinity in 1941 (Source: USGS 1941) illustrate, from the mid-1850s to the late 1940s, no man-made features were ever observed within the project area, and the only man-made features adjacent to it were the Cocomaricopa- Bradshaw Trail; its modern successor Highway 111, constructed by Riverside County in the 1920s; and a foot trail running along the eastern end of the project area, first noted in the early 1940s. It was only during the 1950s that significant changes began to take place in the project area, as the pace of development accelerated in the Coachella Valley amid a post -WWII boom. By 1955, a building had been erected near the southern edge the project area, fronting on Highway 111 (Fig. 9). Around the same time, the foot trail observed in. the early 1940s had grown into today's Dune Palms Road (Fig. 10). b � " N'� �. v #a�� ,��eE �3¢ ax�1'. .•. project s,am b,e , �, area s ax xda. SCALE 1:12,000 '"`r N,",t 0 Soo 1000 feet 6�� Figure 8. The project area and vicinity in 1949. (Source: aerial photo 1949) i project area n ED p� icy+ A building ; SCALE 1:12,000 0 500 1000ME Figure 9. The project area and vicinity in 1955. (Source: aerial photo 1955) 10 147 Figure 10. The project area and vicinity in 1954-1959. (Source: USGS 1959) Field Survey Results Among the historical features mentioned above, no trace of the Cocomaricopa-Bradshaw, Trail was found within or adjacent to the project area during the field survey. The two roadways defining the southern and eastern boundaries of the project area, Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road, demonstrate no identifiable historic characteristics today, and thus require no further consideration as potential historical resources. The building from the 1950s, now part of a defunct used car dealership on Highway 111, has been significantly altered and retains little historic integrity. Since it dates only to the modern expansion period in the Coachella Valley's history, this building, too, requires no further consideration during this study. The field survey encountered the extension of CA-RIV-2936 in the western portion of the project area, connected to the recently tested archaeological remains on the adjacent property (Fig. 11). In the eastern portion of the project area, a previously unknown archaeological site was identified and recorded, and has been given a temporary designation, CRM TECH 354-1 (Fig. 11). CA-RIV-2936 Site CA-RIV-2936 is a large site that extends from west of Adams Street eastward onto the subject property. The portion mapped for the current project contains some 31 loci, or artifact concentrations, which for the most part are scatters of burned clay and rock with some pottery fragments, small animal bone, and pieces of mussel shell (Figs. 12-14). Remains of two fire pits, apparently intact, were plotted on the property, one at Locus 12 and the other at Locus 31 (Fig. 15). Several of the loci contain chipped stone flakes and cores, the parent rocks from which the flakes were struck. Locus 25 has over 65 sherds, Locus 29 over 105, and Locus 31 over 170 fragments of Indian pottery. A single shell bead (Olivella Wall Disk type) was found in Locus 17 (Fig. 16). CRM TECH 354-1 This large site, which is assigned a temporary number pending official designation, has three large loci, or artifact concentrations, and three smaller ones (Fig. 17). Locus 5 has had the top layer of sand graded off, and rather than destroying an archaeological site, it in fact has exposed one, a dense concentration of rock, clay, animal bone and ceramics. An arrow point (Cottonwood Triangular type), C�a�hella t�ySto mwarer TO49-02:70�1�5' c hanne) 4n E Cc Ecz -o Q 049-020-008.. ' -„ m d m �c CA-RIV-2936 0 C M -EC 354-1 d a Project boundary Ni�hWdY 11� o 250 SCALE 1:6,000 0 250 5001eet .. �.._ 049-020.031 Figure 11. Locations of archaeological sites in the project area. Figure 12. Typical piece of burned clay, found in clusters throughout the sites. 1 149 12 fadllty 11 Trash pile t { 17: Cross- - country track \ 3 • b } 12"; yc�i�l 7' II •'- 18 22 • Sherd a Bone D Bead Artifact concentration ® Temporary datam stake 0 50 120rn 24 23 B 28. •.; 29 30 31 Figure 13. Sketch map of Site CA-RIV-2936 (portion within the project area). 26 150 Figure 14. Typical pottery sherd at CA-RIV-2936. Figure 15. Burn area at Locus 31, CA-RIV-2936, probably the remains of buried cooking pits. Figure 16. Olivella Wall Disk shell bead, collected from Locus 17, CA- RIV-2936. 14 15 rI Locus 4 rl- LCCXM Al ,. Locus 6 3 aye"' °� 3uk F 9 � E E e M- • -: ,< •+ e`P "5A`",.,�* a r 3°z�s �� S" Edge of N_"� Sherd A Arrow point Artifact concentration Graded area Cleared area 0 40 80 m Figure 17. Sketch map of Site CRM TECH 354-1. ✓ ' 15 15? made of brown jasper was found at this locus (Fig. 18). The small loci, nos. 1, 3, and 4 are scatters of burned clay and rock with only a few pottery sherds. Buried Site Potential The two recorded sites are separated by an expanse of low rolling sand dunes (Fig. 11) Indications are that the dunes are fairly recent in origin and may have blown in and accumulated since the period when this area was occupied by the Cahuilla Indians. In the eastern site, as mentioned, there is a graded area showing numerous artifacts and remnants of past activities. The central dune area very likely hides similar deposits. The two sites recorded here may well be one long site that is temporarily divided in the middle by recently deposited sands. Figure 18. Cottonwood Triangular arrow point, made of brown jasper, collected from Locus 5, CRM TECH 354-1. DISCUSSION Based on the research results discussed above, the following sections present CRM TECH's conclusion on whether either of the archaeological sites encountered in the project area meet the official definition of a "historical resource" or an "important archaeological resource," as provided in the California Public Resources Code, especially CEQA. Definitions According to PRC §5020.1(j), "'historical resource' includes, but is not limited to, any object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California." CEQA further specifies that "a historical resource is a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources" (PRC §21084.1). A resource may be listed in the California Register if it meets any of the following criteria: 1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; 16 153 2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in California's past; 3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value; or 4. It has yielded or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. (OPR 1994:4) For the evaluation of archaeological sites, Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines further provides the specific definition of an "important archaeological resource." According to this definition, an "important archaeological resource" is one which: A. Is associated with an event or person of: 1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or 2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory; B. Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or archaeological research questions; C. Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest, or last surviving example of its kind; D. Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity; or E. Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. (CEQA Guidelines App. K, §III) In accordance with these statutory and regulatory guidelines, the two archaeological sites identified in the project area during the present survey are evaluated below under both sets of criteria listed above. Site Evaluation CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1 have the potential to be significant sites where the ancestors of today's Cahuilla people settled and lived along the Whitewater River channel. The surface finds that were recorded during the current study are modest, but the subsurface potential is great. Only a testing; program of archaeological excavations can determine the sites' true significance. If they prove to contain information that can further our knowledge of the past, fill gaps in our understanding of ancient lifeways, and advance ongoing research, then these two sites would meet both the California Register criteria for historical resources and CEQA Appendix K criteria for important archaeological resources. RECOMMENDATIONS CEQA establishes that "a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment" (PRC §21084.1). "Substantial adverse change," according to PRC §5020.1(q), "means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the significance of an historical resource would be impaired." 154 17 This study has concluded that subsurface testing; is necessary to determine whether the two archaeological sites in the study area, CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1, meet the statutory definition of "historical resources," in which case the impacts on the sites by the proposed project would constitute a significant effect on the environment. However, even if the site is determined to be significant, it is expected that the proposed project may proceed because CEQA states that further mitigation is not required if the completed testing phase has recovered the "scientifically consequential information" about the resource (PRC §21083.2(d)). The information gathered during the testing phase may also serve as mitigation of adverse effects to the resource. Based on these considerations, CRM TECH recommends to the project proponent and the Lead Agency that an archaeological testing program be completed on CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1, consisting of the following procedures: • Surface collection of all visible artifacts; • Excavation of archaeological test units and backhoe trenches to determine the depth and subsurface content of the sites; • Laboratory analysis of artifacts recovered from the field procedures, including ceramics, lithics, fauna, groundstone, fire -affected rock, and hardened clay; • Consultation with Cahuilla cultural advisors regarding site significance; • Preparation of a final report to summarize the findings of the procedures outlined above, and interpret such findings within the context of a regional research design. CONCLUSION The foregoing report has provided background information on the project area, outlined the methods used in the current study, and presented the results of the various avenues of research. During the course of the study, two prehistoric archaeological sites, CA-RIV-2936 and CRM TECH 354-1, were encountered within the study area. Because their significance cannot be determined properly without further investigation, CRM TECH recommends that an archaeological testing program be completed on these sites in order to determine the extent and nature of the archaeological remains and to evaluate the two sites based on CEQA criteria. 155 IN REFERENCES Aerial photo 1949 Aerial photograph taken on February 1.5, 1949, No. 28. On file, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. 1955 Whitewater River and Tributaries, California; aerial photograph taken in December, 1955, No. 27. On file, Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella. Bean, Lowell John 1978 Cahuilla. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8: California, edited by Robert F. Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Bean, Lowell John, Sylvia Brakke Vane, and Jackson Young 1991 The Cahuilla Landscape: The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California. Chace, Paul G., and Charles E. Reeves 1996 An Archaeological Survey of Two Parcels at Highway 111 and Adams Street, City of La Quinta. Unpublished report on file (MF #4420), Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Everson, Dicken 1992 Archaeological site record update, CA.-RIV-2936. On file, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. GLO (General Land Office, U.S. Department of the Interior) 1856a Plat Map: Township No. 5 South Range No. 6 East, San Bernardino Meridian; surveyed in 1855-1856. Microfiche on file, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. 1856b Plat Map: Township No. 5 South Range No. 7 East, San Bernardino Meridian; surveyed in 1855-1856. Microfiche on file, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. Johnston, Francis J. 1987 The Bradshaw Trail; revised edition. Historical Commission Press, Riverside. Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C. Love, Bruce, and Harry M. Quinn 1998 Interim Cultural Resources Report: Testing and Evaluation of CA-RIV-2936, Hotel 111 Project Site, Highway 111 and Adams Street, City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California 156 19 McCarthy, Daniel F. 1984a Environmental Impact Evaluation: An Archaeological Assessment of Approximately 6 Acres of Land near Washington Street and Highway 111 in La Quinta, Riverside County, California. Unpublished report on file (MF #2021), Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 1984b Archaeological site record, CA-RIV-2936. On file, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. OPR (Governor's Office of Planning and Research, California) 1994 CEQA and Historical Resources. Governor's Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento. Strong, William Duncan 1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and ]Ethnology No. 26. Reprinted by Malki Museum Press, Banning, California, 1972. USGS (United States Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior) 1904 Map: Indio, Calif. (30', 1:125,000); surveyed in 1901. 1941 Map: Toro Peak, Calif. (15', 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1941. 1959 Map: Palm Desert, Calif. (155, 1:62,500); aerial photographs taken in 1954, field - checked in 1957 and 1959. 1979 Map: Santa Ana, Calif. (1:250,000); 1959 edition revised. 1980 Map: La Quinta, Calif. (7.55, 1:24,000); 1959 edition photo -revised in 1978. Yohe, Robert M., Il 1990 Archaeological Investigations at Five Sites Located at One Eleven La Quinta Center in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. Unpublished report on file (MF #2821), Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. 157 20 APPENDIX 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS 158 21 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Bruce Love, Ph.D., ROPA (Register of Professional Archaeologists) Professional history 1993- Owner and Principal, CRM TECH, Riverside 1990-1993 Director, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside; Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UC Riverside 1989-1990 Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UCLA 1987-1990 Owner and Principal, Pyramid Archaeology, Palmdale, California 1986-1987 Junior Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Pre -Columbian Research, Washington, D.C. 1981-1986 Part-time cultural resources management consultant; doctoral student at UCLA Education 1986 Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology, UCLA 1981 Master of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA 1976 Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA 1996 "CEQA 101," presented by the Association of Environmental Professionals 1995 "CEQA Workshop," presented by Association of Environmental Professionals 1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by the Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno 1994 "CEQA 1994: Issues, Trends, and Advanced Topics," presented by UCLA Extension 1990 'Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preservation Law," presented by U.S. General Services Administration Training Center Memberships Society of Professional Archaeologists (certified in field research, teaching, and archaeological administration) Association of Environmental Professionals American Planning Association Society for American Archaeology Society for California Archaeology Society for Historic Archaeology American Society for Ethnohistory Coachella Valley Archaeological Society ,. 1591 22 PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGIS'TNIELD DIRECTOR Harry M. Quinn Education 1978 Certificate in Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles 1968 M.S., Geology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1964 B.S., Geology, Long Beach State College, Long Beach 1962 A.A., Los Angeles Harbor College, Wilmington 1996 "Cultural Resources and CEQA: Your Responsibility," presented by the Association of Environmental Professionals, Hemet 1991 "Ceramic Workshop," presented by Jerry Schaefer, Palm Springs 1990 "Introduction to Coachella Valley Archaeology," presented by Anne Duffield, Palm Desert Professional Experience 1992- Independent Geological/Archaeological/Environmental Consultant, Pinyon Pines 1994-1996 Environmental Geologist, E.C.E.S., Inc., Redlands 1991-1992 Director of Environmental Services, STE Associates, Inc., San Bernardino 1988-1991 Director of Environmental Services, Soil and Testing Engineers, Inc., San Bernardino 1987-1988 Senior Geologist, JIRSA Environmental Services, Norco 1986 Consulting Petroleum Geologist, Loco Exploration, Inc., Aurora, Colorado 1978-1986 Senior Exploration Geologist, Tenneco Oil Exploration and Production, Englewood, Colorado 1966-1978 Exploration and Development Geologist, Texaco, Inc., Los Angeles Memberships Coachella Valley Archaeological Society (President, 1993-1994; Vice President, 1992, 1995-1997; Basic Archaeology Training Course Instructor, 1996-1997) Coachella Valley Historical Society Southwest Museum Malki Museum Publications in Archaeology and History Forty-five articles in the publications of the Southwest Museum, the American Rock Art Research Association, the Colorado Archaeological Society, the Utah Rock Art Research Association, the Coachella Valley Archaeological Society, and the Coachella Valley Historical Society, 1978-1997. 160) 23 PROJECT HISTORIAN Bai Tom Tang Education 1988-1993 Graduate Program in Public History/Historic Preservation, UC Riverside 1987 M.A., American History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 1982 B.A., History, Northwestern University, Van, China 1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by the Historic Preservation Program,, University of Nevada, Reno Professional Experience 1993- Project Historian, CRM TECH, Riverside, California 1993-1997 Project Historian, Greenwood and Associates, Pacific Palisades, California 1991-1993 Project Historian, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside 1990 Intern Researcher, California State Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento 1990-1992 Teaching Assistant, History of Modern World, UC Riverside 1988-1993 Research Assistant, American Social History, UC Riverside 1985-1988 Research Assistant, Modern Chinese History, Yale University 1985-1986 Teaching Assistant, Modern Chinese History, Yale University 1982-1985 Lecturer, History, Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute, Van, China Honors and Awards 1988-1990 University of California Graduate Fellowship, UC Riverside 1985-1987 Yale University Fellowship, Yale University Graduate School 1980, 1981 President's Honor List, Northwestern University, Van, China Cultural Resources Management Reports Preliminary Analyses and Recommendations I:egarding California's Cultural Resources Inventory System (With Special Reference to Condition 14 of NPS 1990 Program Review Report). California State Office of Historic Preservation working paper, Sacramento, September 1990. Approximately 150 cultural resources management reports with the Archaeological Research Unit, Greenwood and Associates, and CRM TECH, since October 1991. 161 24 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD CREW Three members of CRM TECH's field crew, Joe Loya, Tony Lavato, and George Auclair, participated in the present study. Loya and Auclair are members of the Torres Martinez Band of Desert Cahuilla Indians. Lavato is a Native American affiliated with the Tribe. Field Experience (Survey) • Indian Palms Country Club: field survey of ca. 400, acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at six prehistoric sites. • Coral Mountain Development Project: field survey of ca. 1,251 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 32 prehistoric sites, some with historic components. • State Route 86 Extension: field survey of ca. 30 acres; no sites found. • Palm Hills Specific Plan: field survey of ca. 1,200 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts and features at three historic sites. • Rancho La Quinta Country Club: field survey of ca. 350 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 30 prehistoric loci. • Cabazon Resource Recovery Park: field survey of ca. 160 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 13 prehistoric loci. • Tract 26595, Indian Wells: field survey of ca. 20 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 12 prehistoric loci. • St. Francis of Assisi Church Parking Lot Site: field survey of ca. 29 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 3 prehistoric sites. • Tentative Parcel Map No. 29052: field survey of 50 acres; identification and flagging of artifacts at 8 prehistoric sites. Field Experience (Excavation) Rancho La Quinta Country Club: test excavation and screening at 30 prehistoric loci; completing 123 lxl-m test units, 4 1x2-m test units, 4 4x8-m surface scrapes, and a 9-m vertical wall profile. Tract 26595, Indian Wells: test excavation and screening at 12 prehistoric loci; completing 24 lxl-m test units and 4 vertical dune profiles. Tentative Parcel Map No. 29052: test excavation and screening at 3 prehistoric sites; completing 10 lxl-m test units. Laboratory Experience (Artifact Cataloguing) • Rancho La Quinta Country Club: sorting, counting, and re -bagging level bags from test excavation. Classroom Training The crew attended classes at Torres Martinez presented by CRM TECH principal Bruce Love, Ph.D., for a total of eight hours. Subjects included the following: anthropology as a sub -field of archaeology, pre -historic vs. historic archaeology, overview of pre -history of desert Southern California, overview of major historical events in early Spanish contact with Native Southern California. In classroom workshops, the crew was trained in reading USGS topographic maps, using an engineering scale, compass reading, and scaled feature drawing a feature using metric tape, scale, compass, and gridded note paper. 162 25 BI #C HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: JUNE 17, 1999 ITEM: ENVIRONMENTAL. ASSESSMENT 99-382: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TENTATIVE TRACT 29288 AND CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT 99-044 LOCATION: NORTHEAST OF THE: INTERSECTION OF ADAMS STREET AND MILES AVENUE. APPLICANT: MARK AND DOROTHY HASTINGS (FIRST SCHOOL OF THE DESERT) ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT: CRM TECH (BRUCE I-OVE, PRINCIPAL) BACKGROUND: An Initial Study for a Negative Declaration is being prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act requirements for Tentative Tract 29288 and Conditional Use Permit 99-044, proposed on 4.21 acres of land. The Tentative Tract Map consists of 8 single family residential lots and a 1.26 acre lot northeast of the intersection of Adams Street and Miles Avenue. The 1.26 acre: lot at the intersection, is proposed to be developed with a 6,000 square foot pre-school. As a part of the Environmental Assessment, a Phase 1 cultural resource study has been submitted. DISCUSSION: The records search by CRM Tech at the Eastern Information Center at the University of California, Riverside, did not reveal any recorded cultural resource sites within or adjacent to the project area. The closest sites were to the south and east, along the north shoreline of the Whitewater River. A field survey of the project area did not provide any evidence of human activity greater than 50 years old. No pottery, fire -affected stone or other typical signs of Indian campsites exist on the surface of the project area. Additionally, there were no fragments of glass, ceramics, metal, or similar signs related to historic -period sites. The report concludes that the project area does not meet CEQA criteria for historical resources or important archaeological resources, and therefore, the proposed project will have no effect on known cultural resources. The report recommends that if C:hpc rpt cup 99-044 tt 29288 .. 163 buried cultural materials are discovered during construction, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds. RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Minute Motion 99- , accepting : 1.) The cultural resources report titled, "Cultural Resources Report - First School of the Desert at Adams Street and Miles Avenue", as prepared by CRM TECH; for Environmental Assessment 99-382, in partial compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Attachments: 1. Confidential Cultural Resource Report for First School of the Desert (Commissioners only) Prepared by: Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner Submitted By: Christine di lorio, Planning Manager 1.11 164 C:hpc rpt cup 99-044 tt 29288 CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT FIRST SCHOOL OF THE DESERT At Adams Street and Miles Avenue City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California Submitted. to: Mark J. Hastings, Ovvner/Director First School of the Desert Palm Springs and Cathedral City Submitted by: Bruce Love, Principal Bai "Tom" Tang, Historian CRM TECH 126 Barrett Road Riverside, CA, 92507 February 5,1999 CRM TECH Contract #366 Approximately 4 Acres La Quinta, Calif., 7.5' Quadrangle Section 20, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian EXHierr CASE NO. tY J E- qq- 3 s� TT A 9a88 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In January 1999, CRM TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 4 acres of vacant land on the northeast corner of Adams Street and Miles Avenue, in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The subject property of the study is located at the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of Section 20, T5S R7E, San Bernardino Base Meridian, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5 quadrangle. The study is necessitated by the proposed construction of a childcare center, known as First School of the Desert, on the property. The purpose of the study is to provide the City of La Quinta, Lead Agency for the project, with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the proposed construction activities would cause substantial adverse changes to any historical/archaeological resources that may exist on or around the subject property, as required by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In order to identify and evaluate such resources, CRM TECH conducted a historical/archa.eological resources records search and an intensive field survey of the project area. Through the course of the study, no "historical resources" or "important archaeological resources," as defined by CEQA, were encountered within or adjacent to the project area. Therefore, CRM TECH. recommends that the City of La Quinta may reach a finding of No Impact regarding cultural resources. No further cultural resources investigation is recommended for the proposed project unless project plans undergo such changes as to include areas not covered by this study. However, if buried cultural materials are encountered during construction, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds. i 166 TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENTSUMMARY.................................................................................................i INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................I.............1 SETTING.......................................................................................................................................3 CurrentNatural Setting................................................................................................3 CulturalSetting...............................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................................5 METHODS....................................................................................................................................5 RecordsSearch.................................................................................................................5 FieldSurvey.....................................................................................................................5 RESULTSAND FINDINGS......................................................................................................6 RecordsSearch Results..................................................................................................6 FieldSurvey Results......................................................................................................6 DISCUSSION............................................... _............ .................................................................. 6 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................8 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10 FIGURE 1. Project location........................................................................................................1 FIGURE2. Project area..............................................................................................................2 FIGURE 3. The project area as viewed from the southern boundary ............................3 FIGURE 4. Areas previously surveyed for cultural resources.........................................7 TABLE 1. Known Archaeological Sites near the Project Area.........................................6 APPENDIX 1. Personnel Qualifications................................................................................11 ii 167 INTRODUCTION In January 1999, at the request of First School of the Desert, CRM TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 4 acres of vacant land on the northeast corner of Adams Street and Miles Avenue, in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California (Fig. 1). The subject property of the study is located at the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of Section 20, T5S R7E,, San Bernardino Base Meridian, as depicted in the USGS La Quinta, Calif., 7.5' quadrangle (Fig. 2). The study is a part of the environmental review process for the proposed construction of a childcare center, known as First School of the Desert, on the property. The City of La Quinta, as Lead Agency for the project, required the study in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA; PRC §21000, et seq.). CRM TECH performed the present study to provide the City of La Quinta with the necessary information and analysis to determine whether the proposed construction would cause substantial adverse changes to any historical/archaeological resources that may exist in or around the project area, as mandated by CEQA. In order to identify and evaluate such resources, CRM TECH conducted a historical/archaeological resources records search and an intensive field survey of the project area. The following report is a complete account of the methods and results of the various avenues of research, and the final conclusion of this study. 4.� .C. n 4s �ti f.-gYYni Ri 2 a O V"^SOC A J F tom, [IH IM D�inrt tIt \ �e project location v "# Ca✓�t%Alli �.Ci pc 44w ^ tL •+--A I t ry WORN" aite i SCALE 1:250,000 p 5 10mflea ..- -' — ^- Figure 1. Project location. (Based on USGS Santa Ana, Calif., 1:250,000 quadrangle,. 1979 edition) 1 168 Lw—lt �ERfxl7oA DUH�S,.. „ , p e�CA � � k° �, cwi f aa. DAR$Y 1 t , C � ) �, t', C1V ••�� .� r 'q3 1 ?<' �5 MILCS _ Xr Park `;n t q� 01 \ \ ?PAY MA iE f rxx 9le �w VA f.M 72 t� 2 r t � _ 1 130 i. � Trailer _ � Tr fqi sat+�i ii �)I - 7TI .ParisSCALE1.24,000iraiie Pai 0 112 1 mile 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 feet Trailer Rurrk IT ; e Figure 2. Project area. (Based on USGS La Quinta, Calif., 1:24,000 quadrangle, 1980 edition) 169 2 SETTING Current Natural Setting Situated in the western Coachella Valley, the project area and its environs are marked by extremes in temperature and aridity. Temperatures in the area top 120 degrees in summer, and dip to near freezing in winter. Average annual precipitation is less than five inches. Elevations in the project area range around 100 feet above sea level. The subject property is currently vacant, with a sparse stand of creosote bushes scattered across a barren, sandy, gently sloping landscape (Fig. 3). Across the northeast quadrant there appears to be a long, linear stockpile of sand from some previous earth -moving activities that has covered the original ground surface. Otherwise, the property shows little modification from its native state. Native lifeways in the Coachella Valley was greatly influenced in centuries past by the comings and goings of ancient Lake Cahuilla, whose last drying up period began around AD 1650. The project area lies some 60 feet higher in elevation than the highest shoreline of the lake, which ran along today's 42-foot contour line, just over a mile to the east of the project area. The proximity to this now -vanished fresh -water lake, and to the seasonal flow of the nearby Whitewater I:iver, renders the project vicinity a favorable setting for prehistoric Native American habitation. Figure 3. The project area as viewed from the southern boundary near Miles Avenue. 170 9 Cultural Setting The Coachella Valley is a historical center of Native American settlement, where a large number of Indian villages and rancherias, occupied by the Desert Cahuilla people, were observed in the mid -nineteenth century. The basic written sources on Desert Cahuilla culture are Kroeber (1925), Strong (1929), and Bean (1978). The following ethnographic discussion of the Cahuilla people is based on these sources. The Cahuilla people are generally divided, by anthropologists, into three groups, according to their geographic setting: the Pass Cahuilla in the Banning -Beaumont area, the Mountain Cahuilla in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains and the Cahuilla Valley, and the Desert Cahuilla in the Coachella Valley. The Cahuilla did not have a single name that referred to an all-inclusive tribal affiliation. Instead, membership was in terms of lineages or clans that were in turn grouped within the two main divisions of the people. Members of clans in one division, or moiety, had to marry into clans from the other division. Individual clans had villages, or central places, and territories they called their own. These were lands they considered theirs for purposes of hunting game, gathering food, or utilizing other necessary resources. They interacted with other clans in the forms of trade, intermarriage, and ceremonies. Population data prior to European contact are almost impossible to obtain, but estimates range from 3,600 to as high as 10,000 persons. During the 1.9th century, however, the Cahuilla population was decimated as a result of European diseases, most notably smallpox, for which the Native peoples had no immunity. "today, Native Americans of Desert Cahuilla heritage are mostly affiliated with one or more of the Indian reservations in the Coachella Valley, including Torres Martinez, Cabazon, Agua Caliente, Morongo, and Augustine. Members of these reservations are highly conscious of the archaeological remains of their past, and have great concern when earth -moving activities disturb cultural remains. Although only a few elders can remember the old ways or speak the Cahuilla language, there appears to be a revitalization trend among many tribal members. Non -Indian settlement in the Coachella Valley began in the 1880s, after the public land was opened for claims under the Homestead Act, the Desert Land Act, and other federal land laws. But due to the lack of an adequate and reliable water supply, agricultural development in the and region was greatly handicapped until the completion of the Coachella Canal in 1948-1949. The main agricultural staple in the Coachella Valley, the date palm, was first introduced around the turn. of the century. By the late 1910s, the date palm industry had firmly established itself, giving the region its celebrated image of "the Arabia of America." Starting in the 1920s, a new industry, featuring resort hotels and golf courses, gradually spread throughout the Coachella Valley, and since then transformed it into Southern California's leading winter retreat. In present-day City of La Quinta, the earliest settlement and land development activities did not occur until the turn of the century. In 1926, with the construction of the La Quinta Hotel, the development of La Quinta took on the character of a winter 4 171 resort town, typical of the desert communities along Highway 111. Starting in the early 1930s, the subdivision of the cove area of La Quinta and the marketing of "weekend homes" further emphasized this new direction of development. On May 1, 1982, La Quinta was incorporated as the nineteenth city in Riverside County. BACKGROUND In 1991, the Archaeological Research Unit (ARU) of the University of California, Riverside, conducted a cultural resources survey of the present project area under contract with the Desert Baptist Church of Indio (Hogan 1991). Results of the survey indicate that no archaeological sites had been recorded in the project area prior to that time, and no aboriginal or historical remains were observed during the survey (ibid.:6). Since that survey took place more than seven years ago, the City of La Quinta, per City policy, required that the results be updated for the current project. METHODS The following sections outline the methods and procedures used during this study. Records Search The records search for this study was completed by Bruce Love, CRM TECH principal (see App. 1 for qualifications), at the Eastern Information Center (EIC). The EIC, located at the University of California, Riverside, is the State of California's official cultural resource records repository for the County of Riverside, and a part of the California Historical Resource Information System established and maintained under the auspices of the California Office of Historic Preservation. During the records search, Love examined maps and records on file at the EIC for previously identified cultural resources inside or within a one -mile radius of the project area, and existing cultural resources reports pertaining to the vicinity. Previously identified cultural resources include properties designated as California Historical Landmarks, Points of Historical Interest, of Riverside County Landmarks, as well as those listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, or the California Historical Resource Information System. Field Survey On January 20, 1999, Bruce Love carried out the on -foot field survey of the project area. During the survey, Love walked east -west parallel transects at 15-meter (50-foot) intervals, closely inspecting the ground surface for any signs of human activities greater than 50 years old. Surface visibility was excellent, with 99% of the surface exposed due to the extreme sparseness of the vegetation. 172 5 RESULTS AND FINDINGS The following sections discuss the results and findings of the research procedures outlined above. Records Search Results Records on file at the EIC reveal that to date no cultural resources have been recorded within or adjacent to the project area. Aside from the 1991 ARU survey mentioned above, EIC records indicate that the bulk of the acreage within a one -mile radius of the project area, roughly 65%, has been surveyed for cultural resources over the past three decades (Fig. 4). As a result of these various surveys, a large number of archaeological sites, predominantly prehistoric--i.e., Native American --sites, have been recorded in the vicinity, including more than 20 within the one -mile radius, and seven within a half -mile radius. These known archaeological sites are mostly concentrated to the east and south of the project area, along the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla and the Whitewater River. The seven sites recorded within half a mile from the project area, all clustered on the northern bank of the Whitewater River, are listed in Table 1. None of these sites are located in the immediate vicinity of the project area, and thus these sites require no further consideration during this study. Table 1. Known Archaeological Sites near the Project Area* Site Number Description CA-RIV-2200/H Lithic scatter; ceramic scatter; hearth/pit; habitation debris CA-RIV-3866 Lithic scatter; ceramic scatter; hearth/pit; habitation debris CA-RIV-5840 Lithic scatter; ceramic scatter; habitation debris CA-RIV-5841 Ceramic scatter; hearth/pit — _M] CA-RIV-5842 Ceramic scatter; hearth/pit; habitation debris CA-RIV-5843 Ceramic scatter CA-RIV-5844 Ceramic scatter —* Within a half -mile radius. Field Survey Results In spite of careful and intensive field inspection., no evidence of past human activities greater than 50 years old was observed. No pottery, chipped stone, fire -affected rock or other typical signs of Indian campsites exist on the surface of the property. Neither are there fragments of glass, ceramics, metal, or similar signs related to historic -period sites. DISCUSSION The purpose of this study is to identify any potential cultural resources within or adjacent to the project area, and to assist the City of La Quinta in determining whether such resources meet the official definitions of "historical resources" or "important archaeological resources," as provided in the California Public Resources Code, in particular CEQA. • 173 I w p� a r ^'�,b. .,_�� f ` _ .) a f � r� L •'.� ¢ i .. k _ ��,.' , � �"�tr_:� 0•F`RtxrYnA OUNE� ��r r�.yLy.. 0VfNRr CLUB ' r scope of G M1 f t' i y records ,. search .� Water \_ 44 DARhtY RQd11 .."'I ! +ay�, 'S WSW) I Y` 1 r Y f\ w I-N .�,•4+,,.+""'.",�.- -day i a S < V 6 y t� � � i o•` o h h �� Grp M1 m , `rd PH fif i % :tirV1 ry �`. AES �v > `'l3 bi pA f IAq r V z�" R 72IM ,, RM 'ei 3 •r ,( ,r �7railer Vl � SCALE 1:24,000 ` Legend 0 1/2 1 mile -- project area 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 feet [ areas prevlousty surveyed . I Figure 4. Areas previously surveyed for cultural resources. Archaeological sites are not shown as a protective measure. 174 7 According to PRC §5020.1(j), "'historical resource' includes, but is not limited to, any object, building, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California." CEQA further specifies that "a historical resource is a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical Resources" (PRC §21084.1). A resource may be listed in the California Register if it meets any of the following criteria: 1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; 2. It is associated with the lives of persons important in California's past; 3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value; or 4. It has yielded or is likely to yield information important in prehistory oihistory. (OPR 1994:4) For the evaluation of archaeological sites, Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines further provides the specific definition of an "important archaeological resource." According to this definition, an "important archaeological resource" is one which: A. Is associated with an event or person of: 1. Recognized significance in California or American history, or 2. Recognized scientific importance in prehistory; B. Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or archaeological research questions; C. Has a special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest, or last surviving example of its kind; D. Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity; or E. Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. (CEQA Guidelines App. K, §III) Based on these criteria, this study concludes that no historical resources exist within or adjacent to the project area. RECOMMENDATIONS CEQA establishes that "a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project l:hat may have a significant effect on the environment" (PRC §21084.1). "Substantial adverse change," according to PRC §5020.1(q), "means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the significance of an historical resource would be impaired." Since no historical resources are encountered during the course of this study, CRM TECH submits the following recommendations for considerations by the City of La Quinta: 175 P. • No historical resources exist within or adjacent to the project area, and therefore no substantial adverse change to a historical resource will be caused by the project as currently proposed. • No further cultural resources investigation is necessary for the proposed project unless project plans undergo such changes as to include unstudied areas. • If buried cultural materials are discovered during construction, all work in that area should be halted or diverted until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the nature and significance of the finds. CONCLUSION The foregoing report has provided background information on the project area, outlined the methods used in the current study, and presented the results of the various avenues of research. Through the course of the study, no "historical resources" or "important archaeological resources," as defined by CEQA, were encountered within or adjacent to the project area. Therefore, CRM 'TECH recommends that the City of La Quinta may reach a finding of No Impact regarding cultural resources, with the condition that any buried cultural materials unearthed during future development are to be examined and evaluated by a qualified archaeologist prior to further disturbances. 176 9 REFERENCES Bean, Lowell John 1978 Cahuilla. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8: California, edited by Robert F. Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Hogan, Michael 1991 Cultural Resources Assessment: Case Number PUP 91-009, City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. On file, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C. OPR (Governor's Office of Planning and Research, California) 1994 CEQA and Historical Resources. Governor's Office of Planning and Research, Sacramento. Strong, William Duncan 1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 26. Reprinted by Malki Museum Press, Banning, California, 1972. 177 10 APPENDDC 1: PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS 178 11 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Bruce Love, Ph.D., ROPA (Register of Professional Archaeologists) Professional history 1993- Owner and Principal, CRM TECH, Riverside. 1990-1993 Director, Archaeological Research Unit, UC Riverside; Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UC Riverside. 1989-1990 Coordinator, Archaeological Information Center, UCLA. 1987-1990 Owner and Principal, Pyramid Archaeology, Palmdale, California. 1986-1987 Junior Fellow, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Pre -Columbian Research, Washington, D.C. 1981-1986 Part-time cultural resources management consultant; doctoral student at UCLA. Education 1986 Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology, UCLA. 1981 Master of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA. 1976 Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, UCLA. 1996 "CEQA 101," presented by the Association of Environmental Professionals. 1995 "CEQA Workshop," presented by Association of Environmental Professionals. 1994 "Assessing the Significance of Historic Archaeological Sites," presented by the Historic Preservation Program, University of Nevada, Reno. 1994 "CEQA 1994: Issues, Trends, and Advanced Topics," presented by UCLA Extension. 1990 "Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preservation Law," presented by U.S. General Services Administration Training Center. Memberships Society of Professional Archaeologists (certified in field research, teaching, and archaeological administration). Association of Environmental Professionals. American Planning Association. Society for American Archaeology. Society for California Archaeology. Society for Historic Archaeology. American Society for Ethnohistory. Coachella Valley Archaeological Society. 179 12 BI #D HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: JUNE 17, 1999 ITEM: INTERIM REPORT ON A PORTION OF THE PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE 54.65 ACRES OWNED BY THE CITY REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY LOCATION: SOUTHEAST CORNER OF WASHINGTON STREET AND MILES AVENUE APPLICANT: CITY OF LA QUINTA REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ADVISORY GROUP (JAMES BROCK) BACKGROUND: In anticipation of future development, a Phase I archaeological survey of 54.65 acres of Redevelopment Agency owned property at the southeast corner of Washington Street and Miles Avenue is being prepared by Archaeological Advisory Group. They have finished the field reconnaissance of the property and are better defining the resources found and preparing the report. These: resources are located on the westerly portion of the property. This request is to give; clearance to grade the easterly one - quarter of the property. DISCUSSION: The property immediately to the east is currently under construction by Inco Homes. Along the easterly boundary of the city property, a large, tall sand dune exists which impacts the adjacent Inco Homes when the grind blows (see attached map). Inco Homes is prepared to grade this dune down as soon as the City grants permission. The current survey and one previous survey have both shown the surface of this dune area to be negative for cultural resources. However, due to the concentration of recorded sites in the area, there is potential for buried prehistoric sites to be present in the dunes. Therefore, it is recommended that a full time archaeological monitor be present during grading or other earth disturbing activities in these dunes. C:hpc rpt interim inco.wpd 180 RECOMMENDATION: Adopt Minute Motion 99- , accepting : 1.) The "Interim Report on Phase I Archaeological Survey of 54.65 Acre City Property at The Southeast corner of Washington Street and Miles Avenue", as prepared by Archaeological Advisory Group Attachment: 1 . Letter (Interim Report) dated June 9, 1999, from Archaeological Advisory Group Prepared by: Submitted By: Stan B. Sawa, Principal Planner Aa j 6 � Lv% � - Christine di lorio, Plan ing Manager 181 C:hpc rpt interim inco.wpd ARCHAEO. ADVIS. GRP. 7603694002 P.02 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ADVISORY GROUP P.O. Box 491, Pioneertown, California 92268-0491 A A o Tel: (760) 228-1142 • Fax: (760) 369-4002 • E-mail: archadvgrp{gaol-com June 9, 1999 Nlr_ Jerry Herman D'aeetor, Cou nnmity Development Agency City of La Quinta 78-495 Calle Tampico La Quinta, CA 92253 Interim Report on Phase I ArebaeshiSMAI $srvey of S4.85-tkcm Cit9' Property at the Southeast Corner of Washington Street and MUm Avenue Dear Jerry: As you know, we are coiAwfing the above4efirimced study of 540 acres comprising four different parcels. The due date for the report Bills after the next sobeduied Historic Preservation Commission meeting (June IT). To date we have finWwd the field =ounnissauce of the property aM are working to better deFne the wdvtt of r ukami rcaQwOes we have ideruified. We have located previously unrecorded sites in the southern portipris of l.sts 13 and 23 (shown on the attached map). The area immediately to the east of the study area is being developed by Inco. There is a large sand dune on the City's property, along ft cut side of 1st 22, that is creating a serious wide - blown sand problem that needs to be tad, mmediately. Iwois prepared to gmde this dune down as soon as it receives perms lrom the City. Our survey. and one previous survey, have both found this dune area to be negative for cultural resources. d therefore recommended that Into be allowed to proceed with the dune removal in the area indicated on the attacbed map. Given the pal for buried prehistoric sites to be present in the dune area a full -tiny, archaeological movator should be present While this grading is taking Place- Mondomv should continue umil such a time that the monism is convinced that the potential for bwied cudhual resources to be impacted is nil. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions. Sincerely, r i Jim Brock President 182 • Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, hllistoiy, Axhitectural History, and Paleontology 06-09-99 22:56 RECEIVED FROM:7503694002 P-02 ARCHAEO. ADVIS. CRIP it 9 7603694002 183 P.03 06-09-99 22:57 RECEIVED FROM:7603694002 P-03 ARCHAEO_ ADVIS. GRP. 7603644Oe2 P.91 i Arc al Advisory Grow P.D. Boa 491 Pioeee#own, CA 92268-0491 Tel: (760) 228-1142 Fax: (760) 369-4002 E-mail: anbadvgrp@aol.com Faceholib Transmission Date: June 9, 1999 No. of Pages linchnl+ng this vita): 3 To: Stan Sawa CompanylAgency: Planrkng Dept., City of Le Write Fax No: (760) 777-1233 From: Jim Brock Subject: Interim Report Phase 1 Survey SE Comes Washingtmt, and Mies Original: [ ) Will not follow, or [ X ] will follow via: US NO to Jerry Comments: Hi Stan, I understand Jerry isn't going to be around tornonow so I am sending this to you to be considered at the next HPC meeting. Please feel free to contact me if you have arry goeshons, Jim 184 06-09-99 22:56 RECEIVED FROM:7603694002 P.01