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2011 02 17 HPC1 Historic Preservation Commission Agendas are now available on the City's Web Page @ www.la-auinta.ora HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION AG EN DA The Regular Meeting to be held in the La Quinta Museum, Meeting Room at the La Quinta Museum, 77-885 Avenida Montezuma, La Quinta, California FEBRUARY 17, 2011 3:00 P.M. Beginning Minute Motion 2011-002 CALL TO ORDER: A. Pledge of Allegiance B. Roll Call II. PUBLIC COMMENT: This is the time set aside for citizens to address the Historic Preservation Commission on matters relating to historic resources within the City of La Quinta which are not Agenda items. When addressing the Historic Preservation Commission, please state your name and address and when discussing matters pertaining to prehistoric sites, do not disclose the exact location of the site(s) for their protection. III. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA: IV. CONSENT CALENDAR: A. Approval of the Minutes for January 20, 2011. P:\Reports - HPC\2011\HPC_2-17-11\HPC Agenda 2-17-11.dccx Historic Preservation Commission Agenda V. BUSINESS ITEMS: A. Cultural Resources Report For CVWD's La Quinta Cove Refuse Removal Project Applicant: Coachella Valley Water District / City of La Quinta Consultant: Applied Earthworks, Inc. — Mr. Josh Smallwood Location: South of the La Quinta Cove Area, Approximately 0.7 Miles Southerly From the Intersection of Calle Tecate and Avenida Ramirez B. Tour of La Quinta Museum with Johanna Wickman VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL: VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS: VIII. PLANNING STAFF ITEMS: IX. ADJOURNMENT: DECLARATION OF POSTING I, Carolyn Walker, Executive Secretary of the City of La Quinta, do hereby declare that the foregoing agenda for the La Quinta Historic Preservation Commission meeting of Thursday, February 17, 2010, was posted on the outside entry to the Council Chamber, 78-495 Calle Tampico, and the bulletin board at the La Quinta Cove Post Office, on Wednesday, February 9, 2011. DATED: February 9, 2011 V� MONIKA RADEVA, Secretary for CAROLYN WALKER, Executive Secretary City of La Quinta, California P:\Reports - HPC\2011\HPC_2-17-11\H PC Agenda 2-17-11.docx MINUTES HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION MEETING A Regular meeting held in the Study Session Room at the La Quinta City Hall 78-495 Calle Tampico, La Quinta, CA January 20, 2011 This meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission was called to order at 3:03 p.m. by Chairperson Redmon. Ili V ley —Alto NolexelG 0110ot A. Pledge of Allegiance B. Roll Call Present: Commissioners Maria Puente, Peggy Redmon, Archie Sharp, Allan Wilbur, and Chairman Robert Wright Absent: None Staff Present: Planning Manager David Sawyer, Principal Planner Wallace Nesbit, Assistant Planner Yvonne Franco, and Secretary Monika Radeva 17�Jil[�ZK�I►�ilu CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDA: Confirmed. CONSENT CALENDAR: It was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/Wilbur to approve the minutes of November 18, 2010, as submitted. Unanimously approved. BUSINESS ITEMS: A. Paleontologic Sensitivity Assessment Report — Tentative Tract Map 36279 — a request of Pedcor Commercial Development for an 11 tract map located at the southwest corner of Avenue 51 and Madison Street. P:\Reports - HPC\2011\HPC-2-17-11\HPC Min 1-20-11_Draft.docx Historic Preservation Commission January 20, 2011 Principal Planner Wallace Nesbit presented the information contained in the staff report, a copy of which is on file in the Planning Department. Commissioner Wilbur asked what measures were in place to monitor disturbances. Staff replied it would be up to the tribal monitor's discretion to identify if there have been any disturbances and to investigate them further if necessary. Staff explained the tribal monitor would determine what areas needed to be monitored during the grading process based on the approved grading plan. There being no further discussion, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/Redmon to adopt Minute Motion 201 1-001, approving the Paleontologic Sensitivity Assessment Report for Tentative Tract Map 36279, as submitted. Unanimously approved. B. Introduction and La Quinta Historical Society Update from Linda Williams, President Chairman Wright introduced Linda Williams, President of the La Quinta Historical Society (LQHS) and asked for an update. Ms. Williams said the Historic Preservation Commission and the LQHS used to be the one and the same at the beginning. She said when the La Quinta Museum used to be a historical museum only, the LQHS was responsible for managing it. However, since it had become a cultural museum as well, it was now managed by Museum Manager Johanna Wickman. Ms. Williams passed out the LQHS mission statement and newsletter. She noted the letter announced the museum's current exhibits as well as any upcoming events and programs. She explained the LQHS was still closely involved with the museum's activities, it conferred with the Museum: Manager regarding the exhibits and programs offered, was in charge of maintaining the historical collection, and raised funds for the museum that are used for exhibits as well as for purchasing archives. LQHS goal was to educate the community, provide programs, and ensure the history of the community was available to the public. She said the current exhibit at the museum was a dinosaur exhibit which would remain for approximately six months and would open on February 4, 2011. P:AReports-HPC\2011\HPC 2-17-11\HPCMin 1-20-11_Draft.docx 2 Historic Preservation Commission January 20, 2011 Ms. Williams said the Museum held open house events October through April on the first Friday of the month, from 5:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m., and there was no admission charge. She gave an overview of the last two events and what was to follow in the upcoming months. Ms. Williams said that at the request of the LQHS board, Chairman Wright had spoken at one of the board meetings, as the board felt that both organizations had common interests and goals, and wanted to find out in what ways they could help and support one another for current and future projects. Ms. Williams said she was very pleased that the HPC had invited her to speak at the meeting and was looking forward to partnering in any way possible. Discussion followed regarding the opening of the La Quinta Museum and its history, the walking tour, obtaining plaques to mark the historical sites in the city, school programs that are in place to educate children, story time at the Museum, etc. Staff explained the difference between the La Quinta Historical Resources Survey and the Historic Register, and the qualifying criteria and process for local, state, and national levels. Discussion followed regarding several qualifying sites within the city and identifying the La Quinta Cove as a historic district. Chairman Wright said the Commission was looking forward in partnering and working together with the LQHS as well as the La Quinta Museum. Ms. Williams gave a brief overview of the museum's upcoming events and activities over the next several months. She said the second level of the museum was taken by the dinosaur exhibit, but the lower level always displayed historical information and artifacts. Chairman Wright said the next Historical Preservation Commission Meeting was scheduled to be held at the La Quinta Museum on February 17, 2011. VI. CORRESPONDENCE AND WRITTEN MATERIAL: A. Discussion regarding the 2011 California Preservation Conference — Santa Monica, California — May 15-18, 2011. PAReports - HPC\2011\HPC 2-17-11\HPC Min 1-20-1 I—Draft.docx 3 Historic Preservation Commission January 20, 2011 Staff said the Commission will be provided with the class schedule and Conference information during the next regularly scheduled meeting and the Commissioners will be asked to confirm their attendance at that time, so that staff can make the necessary arrangements and travel reservations. Discussion followed regarding possible travel arrangements. VII. COMMISSIONER ITEMS: A. Quarterly Attendance Update. Vill. PLANNING STAFF ITEMS: A. Copy of 2009-2010 CLG Annual Report. Discussion followed regarding possible events and receptions that could be held at some of the historic sites to educate people and promote the different programs and activities the city, the LQHS, and the Museum are working on in order to attract resident support. Commissioner Puente asked who was responsible for the General Plan Update, and for an update on the curation project, and the Context Statement. Staff said the General Plan Update was being handled by city staff with the consultationservices of Terra Nova Planning and Engineering, Inc. Staff said the other two items would be put on the agenda so that the Commission could be provided with the relevant update information. Commissioner Puente asked why the City of La Quinta did not qualify for the CLG Grant last year. Staff replied that a clear explanation was not provided. Staff said there would be a discussion regarding the possibility of submitting two separate applications for the CLG Grant and independently targeting the curation project with one of them. IX. ADJOURNMENT: There being no further business, it was moved and seconded by Commissioners Puente/Redmon to adjourn this Meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission to the next Meeting to be held on February 17, P:\Reports - HPC\201 I\HPC_2-17-11\HPC Min 1-20-11_Draft.docx 4 Historic Preservation Commission January 20, 2011 2011. This meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission was adjourned on January 20, 2011, at 4:05 p.m. Unanimously Approved. Submitted by Monika Radeva Secretary P:AReports - HPC\2011\HPC_2-17-11\HPC Min 1-20-I1_Draft.docx 5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATE: FEBRUARY 17, 2011 ITEM: CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT FOR CVWD's LA QUINTA COVE REFUSE REMOVAL PROJECT LOCATION: SOUTH OF THE LA QUINTA COVE AREA, APPROXIMATELY 0.7 MILES SOUTHERLY FROM THE INTERSECTION OF CALLE TECATE AND AVENIDA RAMIREZ APPLICANT: COACHELLA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT / CITY OF LA QUINTA CONSULTANT: APPLIED EARTHWORKS. INC - MR. JOSH SMALLWOOD BACKGROUND: The City has requested that CVWD remove certain refuse deposits from their property. These deposits have generated several complaints from hikers and other trail users, and the City has been working with CVWD to clean up these areas. The affected areas are confined within about 10 acres running adjacent to a portion of the Boo Hoff Trail, and located on an 80-acre parcel owned by CVWD. This parcel is in the northeast quarter of Section 24, T6S, R6E (Attachment 1). There are no physical improvements on the site, although there are CVWD reservoirs and flood facilities in the general area. The property sits approximately 460 feet above mean sea level. This study has been prepared by CVWD, based on preliminary investigation of the area by City staff which led to initiation of the clean-up effort. It was determined that there may be a potential for historically significant artifacts, based on the type of materials observed within the refuse areas. DISCUSSION: A cultural resources and records search, and field inspection of the property, was conducted. Only one other study, a cultural resources survey conducted in 1979, was discovered, covering a portion of the project area. As its focus was on prehistoric archaeology, no specific information on the refuse areas was available. Several other investigations have been conducted within a 1-mile radius of the project area. None of these identify any resources which could be impacted by the proposed project. This report focused on one of the larger refuse deposits, and draws on a small sampling of artifacts. It is not intended to be a detailed inventory, but only to ascertain a date range and characteristics of the materials found on site. HPC Staff Report 02/17/11 — Cultural Resources Report — CVWD Cove Refuse Removal Page 1 of 3 The investigation found that the site is characteristic of domestic refuse, dating to a period from roughly 1930 into the 1950's. The report states the nature of the refuse is primarily residential household products, indicating that the refuse was deposited by local area residents over several decades. It appears that this refuse is likely associated with residents of the La Quinta Cove community as it developed. The refuse is primarily made up of retail food and household product containers, ceramic kitchenware, porcelains, stoneware, etc. The refuse as a whole is representative of products that were available and widely used during the 1930's to 1950's. Some building and automotive related refuse was also encountered, but the majority relates to more typical household items of the day. It is noted that the report states that the refuse "does not contain the types of artifacts that would normally be attributed with activities carried out by the La Quinta Hotel or Desert Club...". While the report does include a photo of a plate fragment depicting a Desert Club logo (Attachment 2), the report also notes that evidence of scavenging is present. It can be assumed that a majority of the more notable artifacts have already been picked from the site during such activity. In addition, there are also commercial grade restaurant containers from food products among the debris piles, indicating that dumping from commercial kitchens, such as those at the Desert Club and La Quinta Hotel, may have occurred to a greater extent than identified in the report. CONCLUSION: The report states that the City of La Quinta will evaluate the site for historic significance and develop recommendations for the project. It also states that the site "is in good condition and retains sufficient integrity". The historic context of the refuse, relative to the City's history, is likely to be negligible. However, the recovery of a plate fragment from the Desert Club and the presence of commercial kitchen grade food containers, imply that there could be more such artifacts more directly connected to the City's history. Staff concludes that the debris areas should remain in place for the time being, and that a qualified monitor be employed by CVWD to supervise the debris removal if and when the project is undertaken by the District. RECOMMENDATION: 1. Adopt Minute Motion 201 1- , accepting the "Cultural Resources Report for CVWD's La Quinta Cove Refuse Removal Project; City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California", as prepared by Applied Earthworks, with the following provisions: • The refuse areas are to remain in place until the project is undertaken by CVWD; • Monitoring shall be conducted by a qualified historical monitor, with authority to recover artifacts for cleaning, assessment/identification and curation to include a HPC Staff Report 02/17/11 - Cultural Resources Report - CVWD Cove Refuse Removal Page 2 of 3 report of findings and an itemized inventory and discussion on the significance of recovered specimens. Prepared by: 0 Wallace Nesbit, Principal Planner Attachments: 1. Location Map 2. Photo of Desert Club Plate fragment 3. Cultural Resources Report for CVWD's La Quinta Cove Refuse Removal Project; City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California" (Commissioners only) HPC Staff Report 02/17/11 - Cultural Resources Report - CVWD Cove Refuse Removal Page 3 of 3 ATTACHMENT # 1 q If ��1 \ gg r p 1. ♦ 'i � � � '.�� .�I :i �) � 1 J� � N. i f �� ,.[. \ �FiJ GE I l - e PROJECT AREA �.. < I t - 23 ^' - t } . .. f ^�., III"' ( 7 t n 1 tv r y,�• V s �- � 'x ! ! t ' . La Quinta t MaRine:Mountain f - 31 JL SCALE 1:24,000 0.5 0 Mlka 1000 0 1,000 3..0 3.00o I,000 5.W0 B.wO Fttl O1 0.5 0 1 w ebn La Quinta 1959 (1980) and Martinez Mountain 1981(1988), CA 7.5' USGS Quadrangles d ATTACHMENT # 2 DESERT CLUB PLATE FRAGMENT ATTACHMENT # 3 JAN,�J DRAFT CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT FOR THE COACHELLA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT'S LA QUINTA COVE REFUSE REMOVAL PROJECT, CITY OF LA QUINTA, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS La Quinta 7.5' Quadrangle Prepared for: Luke Stowe Coachella Valley Water District P.O. Box 1058 Coachella, CA 92236 Prepared by: Josh Smallwood Applied Earth Works, Inc. 3292 East Florida Avenue, Suite A Hemet, CA 92544-4941 With contributions by: David D. Earle Earle and Associates 3335 East Avenue, Q-6 Palmdale, California 93550 January 2011 Keywords: Approximately 10 acres surveyed; one archaeological site recorded (a 1930s-1950s refuse deposit) CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY iv INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope and Purpose of Report ................................................................................... 1.2 Regulatory Context..................................................................................................1 1.2.1 California Environmental Quality Act CE A 1 1.2.2 Title 7, La Quinta Municipal Code..............................................................4 1.3 Report Organization........................................................................................ SETTING............................................................................................................................6 2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................6 2.2 Environment and Natural Setting............................................................................6 2.2.1 Current Natural Setting................................................................................6 2.3 Historical Setting 7 2.3.1 California History ........................................................................................ 2.3.2 History of the Coachella Valley Region......................................................7 2.3.3 La Quinta History 9 CULTURAL RESOURCES LITERATURE AND RECORDS SEARCH.................I I LAND -USE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT AREA AND LA QUINTA COVE ...... 13 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY METHODS AND RESULTS ........................20 6 SUMMARY REFERENCES............................. :................................................................................... 25 APPENDIX A: DPR 523 RECORDS List of Figures 1 General vicinity of the La Quinta Cove Trash Removal Project ........................... :............. 2 2 Location of the La Quinta Cove Trash Removal Project.....................................................3 3 The Project area and vicinity in 1901................................................................................14 4 The Project area and vicinity in 1941................................................................................16 5 The Project area and vicinity in 1954-1959.......................................................................17 6 Examples of refuse concentrations found in the Project area............................................20 7a Examples of retail food and product containers (cans) found at the site ...........................21 7b Examples of retail food and product containers (bottles and jars) found at the site......... 22 8a Examples of kitchen ceramic wares found at the site ................................................... 8b Examples of kitchen ceramic wares found at the site........................................................23 List of Tables Cultural Resources within One Mile of the Project Area in MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of the City of La Quinta, the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) proposes to remove existing refuse from a CVWD-awned parcel located to the south of the La Quinta Cove residential community, in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The purpose of the refuse removal project (Project) is to return the land to a more natural state, thereby providing an aesthetically pleasing view to local area residents, hikers, and visitors. The Project area, by definition of the nature of the project, is confined to those areas covered by refuse. The Project area is located within the northeast quarter of Section 24, Township 6 South, Range 6 East, of the San Bernardino Base Meridian. As part of the project, CVWD will physically remove and dispose of the refuse at an appropriate facility. The CVWD-owned parcel is Assessor's Parcel Number 771-140- 019. The parcel measures approximately 80 acres, but the refuse deposit that was the focus of the current study covers only approximately 10 acres of land near the central portion of the parcel. The proposed Project is subject to compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), as amended, and the City of La Quinta's Historic Preservation Ordinance (Title 7, La Quinta Municipal Code). Applied EarthWorks, Inc. (fE) was retained to conduct a cultural resources investigation of the Project area in accordance with CEQA. An archaeological field inspection and sample analysis of an extensive refuse deposit found in the Project area indicates that the refuse dates to the period of the 1930s to the 1950s and is likely refuse associated with the settlement and development of the La Quinta Cove community during that time. The refuse found at the site is typical of the kinds of retail food and product containers and ceramic kitchen wares that would be discarded by a large residential community, such as the La Quinta Cove, located a short distance away at the mouth of the canyon. The Cove community is recognized as La Quinta's first residential subdivision. The refuse dump, temporarily designated fE-1376-1H, is in good condition and retains sufficient integrity. It does not contain the types of artifacts that would normally be attributed with activities carried out by the La Quinta Hotel or Desert Club, both of which are located a long distance away in the downtown area. i The City of La Quinta will evaluate the resource for historical significance and develop recommendations for the Project. Field notes documenting the current investigation are on file at fE's Hemet office. A copy of this report will be placed on file at the Eastern Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System. iv , INTRODUCTION At the request of the City of La Quinta, the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) proposes to remove existing refuse from a CVWD-owned parcel located to the south of the La Quinta Cove residential community, in the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California. The purpose of the refuse removal project (Project) is to return the land to a more natural state, thereby providing an aesthetically pleasing view to local area residents, hikers, and visitors. As part of the project, CVWD will physically remove and dispose of the refuse at an appropriate facility. The CVWD- owned parcel is Assessor's Parcel Number (APN) 771-140-019. The parcel measures approximately 80 acres, but the refuse deposit that was the focus of the current study covers only approximately 10 acres of land near the central portion of the parcel. The proposed Project is subject to compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), as amended, and the City of La Quinta's Historic Preservation Ordinance (Title 7, La Quinta Municipal Code). Applied EarthWorks, Inc. (lE) was retained to conduct a cultural resources investigation of the Project area in accordance with CEQA. This report, prepared by Applied EarthWorks, Inc. (k), summarizes the methods and results of a cultural resources investigation of the refuse removal Project area. 1.1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF REPORT The Project area is located in the southwestern portion of the city of La Quinta, California (Figure 1). Specifically, the Project area is situated near the center of APN 771-140-019, which is currently an undeveloped parcel situated on an alluvial fan to the south of the La Quinta Cove residential community. The Project area, by definition of the nature of the project, is confined to those areas covered by refuse, which is estimated to be approximately 10 acres. The Project area is located within the northeast quarter of Section 24, Township 6 South, Range 6 East, San Bernardino Base Meridian (SBBM), as depicted on the La Quinta, CA, 7.5' USGS Quadrangle (Figure 2); elevation is approximately 460 feet (ft) above mean sea level (amsl). A Phase I cultural resources survey of the Project study area was conducted by /E project archaeologists Robert Lichtenstein, Ken Moslak, and Katie Manion on December 24, 2010. The proposed Project is subject to compliance with CEQA, as amended. !E developed the scope of work in consultation with Luke Stowe of CVWD. Vanessa Mirro, M.A., RPA, served as iF's Principal Investigator. David D. Earle of Earle and Associates researched the land -use history of the area, and Josh Smallwood, M.A., RPA, authored the report. CVWD is the Lead Agency for this Project for purposes of CEQA. 1.2 REGULATORY CONTEXT 1.2.1 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) The proposed Project is subject to compliance with CEQA. Therefore, cultural resources management work conducted as part of the proposed Project shall comply with the CEQA Statutes and Guidelines (California 2005), which directs lead agencies to first determine whether cultural resources are "historically significant" resources. A project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment (California 2005:14). I INYO COUNTY • Wdgecrest i5eades KERN® COUNTY J� 0 city California ' IBoron - r • SAN BERNARDINO .Barstow.Yen= COUNTY I, _VAD<, • E• IZ. Nipton Kelso • J _ . Ludlow f iI , Adelanto• i, LOS _ 10Mctorville ANOELES •� •Hesperia COUNTY •Cadiz •- Fenner - - Vidal Junctions J i fj� .Twentynine Palms f San Bernardino vucca.valley • •I Newport Beach Pacific Ocean Ontario- - �!..'=RedlanBs • -- f Banning t nI �Ilis • R�erside PROJECT AREA r t Palm Springs, iron _ - _ oRIVERSIDE N ET\_� Hemet' RIVERSIDE r -^� Cf IJNTY Desert Center Blythe a-V . � � Lake,Elsihore O Indio = • -.. „®_ _ _ _ •.. June Beach Salton Sea r'..l SAA1 DIE I OBorrego Spnngs Calipalda deo�,h `COUNTY • S "•- Julian �' + IDi. PERIAI- y eindas `J`IEwondido,- • Y L Brawley0 CGUP!TY .1 Del are - �I ,t •Pine Valley -� Holtville (\ - _\ EI Centro® • San Diego -��' -- �� Calexico u' �. Chula Vista, t_ ' n.;2!LOLA PIEXICO SCALE 1:2,000,000 1 ' rDO is D ]s Mies \ xs D ss sD rs rpo r�nuome�er: r PROJECT l AREA Figure I General vicinity of the La Quinta Cove Irasa Kemovar rroJecx. 2 i _ { t , SCALE 1:24,000 e 1 0.5 0 1M,ks ,wo 0 1,000 2W0 3,000 4,W0 5,000 6,000 2WO O 0.5 0 1 141ameb[s La Quinta Mountain La Quinta 1959 (1980) and Martinez Mountain 1981(1988), CA 7.5' USGS Quadrangles Figure 2 Location of the La Quinta Cove Trash Removal Project. 3 Generally, a cultural resource shall be considered "historically significant" if the resource is 45 years old or older, possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and meets the requirements for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) under any one of the following criteria: 1) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage; 2) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or, 4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (Title 14 CCR, § 15064.5) 1.2.2 Title 7, La Quinta Municipal Code The City of La Quinta developed a historic preservation ordinance in 1992 with the intent and purpose to effect the protection, enhancement, and perpetuation of historic resources, landmarks, and districts that represent or reflect elements of the city's diverse cultural, social, economic, political, and architectural history, and safeguard the city's historic heritage (City of La Quinta, Title 7.02.020). The ordinance provides for the establishment of a historic resources inventory. A historic resource may be considered for inclusion in the historic resource inventory based on one or more of the following criteria: A. It exemplifies or reflects special elements of the city's cultural, social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering or architectural history; or B. It is identified with persons or events significant in local, state or national history; or C. It embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period or method of construction, is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship or is representative of a notable work of an acclaimed builder, designer or architect; or D. It is an archaeological, paleontological, botanical, geological, topographical, ecological or geographical site which has the potential of yielding information of scientific value; or E. It is a geographically definable area possessing concentration of site, buildings, structures, improvements or objects linked historically through location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and/or association, in which the collective value of the improvements may be greater than the value of each individual improvement. (Ord. 238 § 2 (Exh. A) (part), 1993: Ord. 207 § 1 (part), 1992) The proposed Project is subject to compliance with CEQA and the City's historic preservation ordinance. The cited statutes and guidelines specify how cultural resources are to be managed in the context of projects, such as the proposed trash removal Project. Briefly, archival and field surveys must be conducted, and identified cultural resources must be inventoried and evaluated in prescribed ways. Prehistoric and historical archaeological resources, as well as historical resources such as buildings, structures, and other built environment features, deemed "historically significant" must be considered in project planning and development. As well, any proposed project that may affect "historically significant" cultural resources must be submitted to the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) for review and comment prior to project approval by the responsible agency and prior to construction, demolition, or other similar project impacts. 1.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION This report documents the results of a Phase I cultural resources investigation for the CVWD's proposed trash removal Project. Chapter 1 has introduced the scope of the work and regulatory context. Chapter 2 synthesizes the natural and cultural setting of the Project area and surrounding region. Chapter 3 presents the results of the background research, which included a cultural resources literature and records search conducted at the Eastern Information Center (EIC) of the California Historical Resource Information System (CHRIS), housed at the University of California, Riverside. Chapter 4 discusses the historical land use of the Project area and La Quinta Cove. Chapter 5 details the cultural resources study methods and results. A summary is presented in Chapter 6, followed by bibliographic references. 2 SETTING 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the environmental and historical setting of the Project area to provide a discussion and context for how historical built environment and archaeological resources in the area were created. The discussion is based on a review of existing data and literature on the subject. This chapter is also useful for evaluating the significance of any cultural resources that may be found within the vicinity of the Project area. The types and distribution of past activities in this particular area of the Coachella Valley have been affected by such factors as topography, climate, water availability, and environment. Therefore, prior to discussing the cultural setting, aspects of the regional environment are briefly summarized below. 2.2 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL SETTING 2.2.1 Current Natural Setting The Project is located in the western portion of the Coachella Valley in western Riverside County. It is situated east of the Peninsular Ranges in the northwestern portion of the Coachella Valley (see Figure 1). The Coachella Valley is bordered to the southwest by the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa mountains (part of the Peninsular Ranges) and to the northeast by the low, rolling Indio Hills and Mecca Hills. From the steep slopes of the San Jacinto mountains surmounted by San Jacinto Peak (3,274 meters [m] [ 10,804 ft] amsl), the desert floor descends sharply in less than 3 kilometers (km) (2 miles [mi]) eastward to sea level at the City of Indio, some 13 km (8 mi) northeast of the Project area. To the south, elevations gradually drop to 90 m (300 ft) below mean sea level (bmsl) at the Salton Sea Basin. This basin has filled periodically throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene when the Colorado River shifted its course near its mouth at the Gulf of California, flowing north into the basin, forming a large freshwater lake commonly known as Lake Cahuilla (see below). A major water source flowing through the central valley is the Whitewater River, which, prior to the development of the Coachella Valley, had drained the southern slope of the San Bernardino Mountains for thousands of years (Laflin 2001), flowing in a generally south-southeast direction 80.5 km (50 mi) toward the Salton Sea. The Whitewater River was likely the largest perennial stream that entered the Salton Basin during prehistoric times, replenishing the underground aquifer during non-lacustrine intervals of ancient Lake Cahuilla. A few small streams, such as Snow, Chino, Tahquitz, and Andreas creeks, form high on the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa mountains and descend into the northern end of the Coachella Valley. Several minor drainages of ephemeral streams coming off the Mecca Hills are also evidenced across the landscape east of the Project area. Additionally, numerous springs are located along the San Andreas Fault zone at the southwestern base of the Indio Hills. These are usually marked by native fan palm oases. The climate of the Project region is characterized by low relative humidity, very low rainfall, high summer temperatures of up to 52' C (1250 F), and mild winters. During the spring and late fall, high winds are common and are accompanied by blowing sand and dust. Precipitation occurs primarily during the winter months and varies radically from one part of the valley to another. Within the desert areas, the average annual rainfall is as sparse as 6 centimeters (cm) (2.5 inches [in.]) per year; however, at the higher elevations in the San Jacinto Mountains the average annual precipitation may range from 25 cm (10 in.) to as much as 76 cm (30 in.) per year. 2.3 HISTORICAL SETTING The history of the Project vicinity and surrounding region provides a context for understanding local settlement from mission lands to the development of the modern urban landscape. It is the basis for the identification of the historic property types constructed during this period, and the evaluation of their significance as historical resources. 2.3.1 California History Exploration of the California coast in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the basis for the Spanish claim to the region. In the eighteenth century, Spain recognized that to strengthen its claim, it would have to settle Alta California to preclude encroachment by the Russians and British. Therefore, in the latter half of the eighteenth century Spain and the Franciscan Order founded a series of presidios, or military camps, and missions along the California coast, beginning at San Diego in 1769. In 1821, Mexico opened the ports of San Diego and Monterey to foreign trade (Crouch et al. 1982:200). American ships docked at California ports to purchase tallow and hides, which were known as California banknotes. Americans also settled in California, some of them becoming citizens and owners of large ranchos. Conflicts between the Californios and the central government in Mexico City led to a series of uprisings culminating in the Bear Flag Revolt of June 1846. However, Mexican control of California had effectively ended the year before when the Californios expelled Manuel Micheltorena, the last Mexican governor. With the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe -Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, California formally became an American territory, and two years later, on September 9, 1850, California became the thirty-first state in the Union. Between those two years came a large influx of Americans seeking their fortunes; the catalyst for this influx was James Marshall's 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (Stan- 2005). The population and wealth in the early statehood years were concentrated in the northern part of the state. Ranching was the main occupation in the southern counties; the flood and drought of the 1860s brought that era to a close, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 opened California to agricultural settlement. Southern California was promoted as an ideal agricultural area, with fertile soil and a mild climate. Books on California painted beautiful pictures that appealed to both Americans and Europeans. There were three land booms tied to railroad construction: (1) after the transcontinental railroad was completed, enabling safe and easy travel to California; (2) late 1870s after the Southern Pacific was completed; and, (3) 1886-1888, when the Santa Fe transcontinental line was completed. Competition between the lines incited a rate war, and both tourists and potential settlers took advantage of the low fares to come to California (Lech 2004:222). 2.3.2 History of the Coachella Valley region The history of the Colorado Desert region has been reviewed in detail by von Till Warren et al. (1981:85-105). Avery brief summary of historic events in the Coachella Valley is provided below. 7 Very little is known about the historic developments in the Coachella Valley prior to 1820. However, in 1821, a party of Cocomaricopa Indians arrived at the San Gabriel Mission, announcing they had traveled from the Colorado River in only six days using the Cocomaricopa trail. This Indian trail began east of Blythe and approximated the present route of Interstate 10 across the Chuckwalla Valley, traversing the Mecca -Indio area and Coachella Valley to the San Gorgonio Pass (northwest of the Project area). Specifically, in the Coachella Valley, the Cocomaricopa trail ran south of the Project area from Mecca west-northwest to the Cahuilla village of Mauulmii (Toro), where it took on a north-northwest alignment paralleling the mountain front as depicted on the Indio (1904) 30' USGS Quadrangle. The Indio (1904) 30' USGS Quadrangle also depicts at least one historical road connecting a number of large Cahuilla village sites to the Cocomaricopa trail. It is possible that these historical roads simply followed former Indian trails already present in the area prior to European settlement, as is the case with the Maricopa-Bradshaw Trail. In the early 1850s, the Maricopa-Bradshaw route, paralleling the old Cocomaricopa trail, was established to serve the mining camps developing near La Paz, Arizona (von Till Warren et al. 1981:85). Also in the 1850s the U.S. Government strongly promoted the establishment of a railroad route to connect the east and west coasts. Because of competing economic and political considerations, however, it was not until 1877 that the Southern Pacific Railroad transected the western Colorado Desert. This route connected the San Gorgonio Pass to the town of Yuma via the eastern shore of the Salton Sea. The process of surveying and mapping the Colorado Desert began in 1852, when Henry Washington and a small party of surveyors ascended the San Bernardino Mountains and established the San Bernardino Base and Meridian. From 1854 to 1857, Washington extended this line to the Colorado River, working his way through uncharted territory all the way (von Till Warren et al. 1981:94). Also in the 1850s, the U.S. Government sent Indian Commissioners into the deserts of southern California. Although not authorized to make any commitments to the Native Americans, the Commissioners set aside (illegally) large tracts of land for reservations (von Till Warren et al. 1981:94). Most of these areas were never fully developed as reservations, although the Torres Martinez and Agua Caliente (Palm Springs) reservations were eventually set aside from the larger reserves delineated by the Indian Commission. Once the Indian population was confined to the reservations, the remaining land was made available for mining, ranching, and other uses. Management of the desert lands was largely the responsibility of the General Land Office, and later the Department of Agriculture Grazing Administration. Until the passage of the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934, however, no control was exercised over the California desert lands. Because of the extremely and nature of the California deserts, this act had virtually no impact on the region; not until the responsibility for managing the desert came under control of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in 1946 were the first attempts made at range management. Since that time, the BLM also has been engaged in evaluating lands for their "uses," and classifying them for different types of management (von Till Warren et al. 1981:95). The paucity of water in many areas of the Colorado Desert discouraged farming, and agricultural development only flourished when water could be imported in significant quantities. Because of the relatively high water table in the Coachella Valley, however, the agricultural industry began to develop prior to the importation of water by means of drilling artesian wells. Beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century, Coachella Valley farmers planted extensive date, fig, and grape 8 acreage. Towns that developed with the agricultural growth include Thermal, Mecca, Indio, and Coachella. Because of the extensive farming efforts, the water table in the Coachella Valley was seriously depleted, stimulating the formation of the CVWD to promote conservation and replenish the ground water basin. Following passage of the Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928, the waters of the Colorado River were harnessed for the development of agriculture in Imperial and Coachella Valleys. The CVWD cooperated with the Imperial Irrigation District to develop the All -American Canal and the Coachella Valley extension. Branching off from the All -American Canal, the Old Coachella Canal extends 199 km (123.5 mi) north to the northern Coachella Valley, bringing the first imported irrigation water to the valley in 1949 (Norland 1978). 2.3.3 La Quinta History A comprehensive history of the La Quinta area has been documented in an official context statement developed by the City (Mouriquand 1997). A brief historical context was also developed by CRM Tech (Tang and Hogan 2006:5) for use in a Citywide Historical Resources Survey Update, as reproduced below. In the present-day city of La Quinta, the earliest settlement and land development activities did not occur until the turn of the century. By then, most of the Cahuilla villages and rancherias noted in the mid-1850s had vanished (GLO 1903; 1905a; 1905b; USGS 1904), reflecting the decline of the Cahuilla's population and prosperity during the latter half of the 19th century. Instead, the cultural landscape in the eastern Coachella Valley began to show unmistakable signs of Euroamerican influence, such as fences, irrigation ditches, and scattered farmsteads, along with various wagon roads and the Southern Pacific Railroad (ibid.). Around 1900, a number of desert land claims and homestead claims were filed with the U.S. General Land Office (GLO) on various parcels in what is now the City of La Quinta (BLM n.d.). Although the majority of such early claims ended in failure, during the next few decades the GLO approved and patented 54 land grants to private claimants on properties in present-day La Quinta, including 26 homestead claims, 9 desert land claims, 3 railroad homestead claims, and 16 cash purchases (City of La Quinta 1997:24). By the 1910s, several early ranches were in operation in La Quinta, most prominently the Manning Burkett Ranch, the John Marshall Ranch (later known as Hacienda del Gate), and the Point Happy Ranch (ibid.:26-27). In 1926, La Quinta's growth was steered towards the budding resort industry in the Coachella Valley when Walter H. Morgan and his Desert Development Company began the construction of the La Quinta Hotel. Although this instantly popular and celebrated up- scale hostelry fell into receivership during the Great Depression, other developers, inspired by the success of nearby Palm Springs, continued to pursue and expand Morgan's vision of La Quinta as a resort town to rival its more famous neighbor to the west. In the early 1930s, E. S. "Harry' Kiener subdivided the Cove area in Sections 1, 12 and 13, T6S R6E, into residential lots, and began advertising the sale of completely furnished "weekend homes" (City of La Quinta 1997:43). The subdivision and development of the Cove area, in fact, marked the birth of La Quinta as a community. By 1941, the Cove area had essentially taken on its present shape (USGS 1941 a). A large number of buildings had sprung up in the Cove, clustered predominantly in the northern half of the subdivision, north of today's Calle Chihuahua (ibid.). Farther to the north, the La Quinta Hotel complex occupied a substantial portion of Section 36, T5S R6E (ibid.). The rest of present-day La Quinta, lying between the Cove and the Southern Pacific Railroad, demonstrated a typical rural settlement pattern, with scattered ranch houses connected by roads that were laid out mostly along section or quarter -section lines, the most common property boundaries (USGS 1941a, 1941b). Between the early 1940s and the mid- 195Os, the number of buildings in the La Quinta area increased significantly, especially in the Cove area, as the entire Coachella Valley experienced rapid growth during the post-war years (USGS 1956, 1959). In the meantime, the contrast between the different settlement patterns in the Cove area and the outlying rural area persisted, as it still does to some degree to the present day [Tang and Hogan 2006:51. Most germaine to the current Project area is the development and settlement of the La Quinta Cove area. The La Quinta Cove community was first developed in the 1930s and promoted as a winter resort. Because of this, the Cove community was settled by a social class that was in stark contrast to those already living in the surrounding area. Furthermore, the post -World War II (WWII) era expansion and infill of the Cove community brought in full-time residents as well as the usual weekenders, retirees seeking a warm, and climate, and winter "snow -birds" from other areas of the country. The City recognizes the Cove as La Quinta's first residential subdivision (Mouriquand 1997). 10 3 CULTURAL RESOURCES LITERATURE AND RECORDS SEARCH Prior to implementing the cultural resources survey of the Project area, a cultural resources literature and records search was initiated at the Eastern Information Center (EIC), housed at the University of California, Riverside, on December 2, 2010. The objective of the records search was to determine whether any prehistoric or historic -period resources had been previously recorded within or near the Project area. The scope of the records search included the Project area and all the land within a one - mile radius of the Project boundaries. Sources consulted during the archaeological literature and records search include: the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); the Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility (ADOE); and the Office of Historic Preservation Historic Property Directory (HPD). Historical maps consulted during the literature and records search include the Indio 30' U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle map dating to 1904, the Toro Peak 15' U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle map dating to 1941, and the Palm Desert I5' U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle map dating to 1959. The results of the records search indicate that one previous cultural resources survey covered a portion of the Project area, as part of a reconnaissance -level study for a flood control alternatives project. This study conducted in 1979, however, focused primarily on prehistoric archaeology, and no discussion of historic -period resources was included (Lando 1979; RI# 0652). EIC records indicate that a Citywide Historical Resources Survey Update was conducted by CRM Tech in 2006 (Tang and Hogan 2006; RI# 8105). This study, however, was strictly a built -environment survey conducted at a reconnaissance level, and did not include an intensive survey for archaeological sites. The CRM Tech study identified numerous residential buildings of historic age in the La Quinta Cove community. The study was initiated by the City of La Quinta in order to update the results of a similar study conducted by Mellon and Associates of Riverside in 1996-1997. The 1996-1997 study identified the La Quinta Cove community as a historic district, and delineated the boundaries of the potential La Quinta Cove Thematic Historic District for the purpose of advising the City Planning Department in future planning activities (Mellon and Associates 1997). According to the EIC, no properties currently listed either on the National Register of Historic Places or on the California Register of Historical Resources are located within the Project area. No listed California Historical Landmarks or Points of Historical Interest are located within the Project area. Despite the numerous surveys that occurred in the Project area and vicinity, none of the refuse located in the Project area has been previously recorded as a historic -period archaeological resource. Furthermore, no other potential historical resources have been previously identified within or immediately adjacent to the Project area. Records at the EIC indicate that no fewer than 17 previous cultural resources investigations had been conducted within a one -mile radius of the Project area. Asa result of these and other similar studies, a total of 33 cultural resources have been recorded within a one -mile radius of the Project area (Table 1). These include 15 prehistoric sites and isolated artifacts, 16 historic -period buildings, a historic -period trail segment, and a campfire hearth. The prehistoric resources include several prehistoric trail segments, pottery sherds, milling features, and other associated artifacts. The historic -period buildings were all single-family residences built during the post -WWII era. The historic -period trail segment is known as the Boo Hoff Trail, constructed by the Desert Riders Club in the 1930s. The historic -period campfire hearth was found along a segment of the Boo Hoff Trail, 11 along with an alignment of rocks delineating the camp site. None of these resources will be impacted by the proposed Project. Table 1 .....a ...<e.t.. n..o Mato of the Protect Area -Primary I ♦.u. Lill a. icoou..,..o Trinomial .....,................ �___ . Descri tion 33-000891 CA-RIV-891 A trail segment of 2ossible prehistoric origin 33-004099 CA-RIV-4099 A prehistoric trail segment with associated pottery sherd 33-005793 EA-RIV-5525 Numerous prehistoric rock cairns 33-007535 CA-EA-5801 Numerous prehistoric rock calms 33-009599 A single broken metate 33-011127 CA-RIV-6691 Numerous prehistoric rock calms 33-012974 CA-RIV-7223 A trail segment of possible prehistoric origin 33-012975 CA-RIV-7224 A prehistoric trail segment with associated pottery sherds 33-012976 33-012978 CA-RIV-7225 CA-RIV-7227 Six prehistoric otte sherds and a slab -type metate Prehistoric pottery sherds located along a segment of the Morrow Trail 33-013086 — A rehistoric trail segment with associated pottery sherds 33-014762 CA-RIV- 8858 Two prehistoric bedrock milling slicks on boulder outcrops 33-014763 CA-RIV- 8859 Prehistoric bedrock milling features and associated artifacts 33-015477 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1959 33-015483 Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1952 33-015490 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1952 33-015494 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1960 33-015495 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1950 33-015545 — Single-family residence in La Quinta, Cove, built 1950 33-015552 Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1957 33-015553 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1960 33-015559 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1959 33-015569 — single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1955 33-015578 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1951 33-015579 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1949 33-015605 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1955 33-015608 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1951 33-015613 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1950 33-015614 — Single-family residence in La Quinta Cove, built 1950 33-016123 33-016127 — — Two prehistoric bedrock milling slicks on boulder outcrops Possible historic -period camp hearth and rock alignment along the Old Boo Hoff Trail 33-016197 33-016216 — A trail segment of possible prehistoric origin A segment of the circa-1930s Boo Hoff Desert Riders Trail 12 4 LAND -USE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT AREA AND LA QUINTA COVE Within Township 6 South, Range 6 East, SBBM, the La Quinta Cove area is located in Sections 1, 12, and 13. This area and the adjoining Section 36 to the north in Township 5 South, Range 6 East, SBBM, were not substantially settled prior to the late 1920s, despite some attempts at homesteading in canyon areas of the adjoining mountains during the decade of the 1910s (Figure 3; USGS 1904). A number of odd -numbered sections within the Township had been assigned to the Southern Pacific Land Company by the U.S. General Land Office on November 19, 1906, as part of a program of U.S. government compensation for railroad construction through the region in the 1870s (Bureau of Land Management n.d.). A proposal had been developed in circa 1917 by the newly formed Coachella Valley Flood Control District to use the La Quinta Cove and its so-called Green Marshall dry lake or playa, located in the flat northeastern portion of the cove area, as a floodwater impoundment basin for storm overflow from the Whitewater River (Coachella Valley County Water District 1978:19-20). This proposal was later abandoned. The Green Marshall dry lake had been named for homesteader John Marshall and his brother-in-law Albert Green. It is reported that in 1902 they had homesteaded 320 acres of land on the east edge of the cove and dry lake playa in Section 6, T6S, R7E, SBBM, at the intersection of what would later be Marshall Road [Washington St.] and Avenue 52. Land in the Section was not officially patented until 1914-1915 (U.S. Department of the Interior n.d.). Green operated a farm there until he was killed in a well cave-in in 1938 (La Quinta Historical Society 1990:13). The first so-called "settlement" of the La Quinta Cove area (to the west of the Marshall property) was the Desert Land Entry patent of the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 12, by Henry W. Fletcher in 1917 (Bureau of Land Management n.d.). As of the early 1920s, Fletcher had a building on the property assessed at a value of $20, and then $30. This was followed by the first significant development in the La Quinta Cove area, the building of the La Quinta Hotel. This was constructed in 1925-1926 by San Francisco businessman Walter H. Morgan in Section 36, T5S, R6E, SBBM. Morgan had come to the Coachella Valley region in the early 1920s seeking relief from tuberculosis. A number of hotels and other facilities had already been established at Palm Springs and elsewhere in the valley as "health resorts." Morgan hired noted Pasadena architect Gordon Kaufman to design the hotel lobby, dining room, bungalows, and grounds, which were first used by guests in December of 1926, and then officially inaugurated in January of 1927 (Los Angeles Times 1927a, 1927b). To implement the project, Morgan had formed the Desert Development Company with S. Ickes, identified as the brother of Harold Ickes, Franklin Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior (La Quinta Historical Society 1990:21). The development of a paved highway route (Hwy 60/70/99) from Los Angeles to Palm Springs and Indio by the late 1920s made the project feasible. While the hotel had originally featured some six bungalows when it was opened, this number had increased to 20 by 1935 (Los Angeles Times 1935). A nine -hole golf course had also been built, reportedly the first in the Coachella Valley, along with the sculpture gallery of a Russian sculptor formerly residing in Palm Springs (Los Angeles Times 1931). Within a few years, the resort was outfitted with swimming pools, tennis courts, riding trails, and an airstrip for guests. The hotel served guests from 13 co'l H/rlhR /a V "-_ -q,.n.,, ln.fn•t• IF�p y - a�rK. Luho i _ t Indio W i PROJECTAREA 1 FP1A� • t 1.14 snaeP tii�. ,•,r' a � i 't • . ti I ,1o< 4r1Io Pinyon Fiat A73rl n•da. Mt. as } ,V Ca. r . io ° � s � Sk.�wmele15 p ,a sa deInd'1904, CA 30' USGS Quadrangle t -i{- Canyon Figure 3 The Project area and vicinity in 1901 (based on USGS Indio, California 19U4). 14 around the United States and the world during the winter months, including many Hollywood celebrities (Los Angeles Times 1933, 1934a, 1934b). From 1942 through 1945 the hotel was closed, ostensibly due to gasoline and tire rationing, but was reopened after the war. The La Quinta Country Club was established to the east of the hotel in 1959 by a new owner of the hotel, and became a major golf venue. In the mid and late 1930s, the renowned Desert Club was also developed at La Quinta (Los Angeles Times 1939). Los Angeles investor Harry Keiner, who owned and subdivided the land in the La Quinta Cove area for community development, had originally proposed the creation of the Desert Club. However, Frank Stone and Edward Glick, who had worked as land salesmen for Keiner, later built the club (circa 1937-1938) after Keiner sold his real estate interests to them due to ill health (La Quinta Historical Society 1990:24, endleaf). Operation of the club was based on the purchase of memberships and the building of individual homes on the grounds. It included a central dining room and lobby area designed by architect S. Charles Lee and an Olympic -sized swimming pool. Such stars as Clark Gable, Lucille Ball, Rita Hayworth, Kirk Douglas, and Mae West were associated with the club. It was located just east of the southeast corner of Section 1, T6S, R6E, SBBM, in the southwest corner of adjoining Section 6, T6S, R7E, SBBM. By 1929, several developers had acquired title to portions of Section 1, T6S, R6E, SBBM, just to the south and southeast of the La Quinta Hotel resort complex, from the Southern Pacific Land Co. (Riverside County Assessor 1907-1964). By 1933, the subdivision in Section 1 was known as "Santa Carmenita at Vale La Quinta." In December of 1929 and June of 1932, patents were granted by the General Land Office for several Homestead Entries in Section 12, adjoining Section 1 to the south (Figures 4 and 5). Portions of this Section had been subdivided for house lots by circa 1933 (Los Angeles Times 1936). Henderson (1947) noted that he was told in 1936 that prior to that date the developers of the La Quinta townsite subdivision had built an improved equestrian and hiking trail up Bear Creek canyon, presumably for recreational use by prospective property buyers. The southern portion of La Quinta Cove, in Section 13, was not subdivided until the end of the 1930s (Riverside County Assessor 1907-1964). As of 1941, map data indicates some 80 structures in Sections 1, 12, and 13 within the La Quinta Cove community (Figure 4; Army Map Service 1947). The successful development of these subdivision properties faced the challenge of controlling potential winter storm flooding in the Cove area. Bear Creek passed north down the west side of the Cove, while another dry stream course passed northward through the Project area in Section 24 and down the east side of La Quinta Cove. Major flooding events occurred in January of 1916, December of 1921, April of 1926, February of 1927, February of 1937, March of 1938, and December of 1940 (Federal Emergency Management Administration 1984:6). A summer flash flood in July of 1948 caused damage to homes in La Quinta (Coachella Valley County Water District 1978:20, 99). At some point prior to 1949, a levee was constructed adjacent to the Bear Creek drainage on the west side of the La Quinta subdivision area, as visible in a 1949 air photo (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1949). The same photo indicates that a length of berm was also constructed along the southeast margin of the subdivision area in Section 13 to divert floodwaters in the drainage on the east side of La Quinta Cove. A rocky outcrop within the southwest quarter of Section 13 and the surrounding area was used as a movie set location for the filming of "The Shoes of the Fisherman," a movie starring Anthony Quinn that was released in 1968 (La Quinta Historical Society 1990:endleaf). 15 Wit.. L51 " 551 , - - ni � � •rn _. �� is •. i:ip , r : �L<�ttuuila j.. India 1 . 1 wr � J � - PROJECTAREA 2NW, a Kk,Wre i California, 1:62,500 A.M.S. Toro Peak, 1947 Figure 4 The Project area and vicinity in 1941 (based on AMS'I oro reaK, uaniornin iY%1 j. 16 �nmAW . [j Sri .. � .; � Indian R'ells`7•�� P>•'9 - i P.111 HepvY a ¢.tv - • Etsonh�.vor. _ w•a. — _G—_- t. F • Mtn .{_�•- 'I % v 'Ware I 44�•i .��_�. �r �vFvue•_t - _ �_ •�— .� W—ji 4GI,5f +f well era., 3a _ J Mtnkn-. C II I k E rd -t_ - - =yet bLyl i'r,;y; In Quinta I.11 1 T, SIC , SS ! "��i'v(Ti� 40ti%}-... PROJECT AREA , - ' ` G IMlks I G•a..� - 1 Nlbinecels Palm Desert 1959, CA 15' USGS Quadrangle Figure 5 The Project area and vicinity in 1954-1959 (based on USGS Palm Desert, California 1959). Section 24, within which the Project area is located, was held by the U.S. Government in its entirety as public land until 1930. On October 29, 1930, the northwest and southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 24, as well as northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the Section, and Lots 1, 2, and 3 within the Section were transferred to the State of California (Bureau of Land Management n.d.). Lots 1 and 2 comprised the northeast and southeast quarters of the northeast quarter of Section 24, and Lot 3 included the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the Section. The state was entitled to receive from the federal government sections of land numbered 16 and 36 within the Township grid system, these lands to be sold to raise funds to support public 17 education. These Section 24 parcels were apparently assigned to the state as Indemnity Lands, possibly as substitutes for Section 16 or 36 lands within this Township. Within Section 24, the U.S. Government retained the northwest and southwest quarter of Section 24. Government Lot 4 comprised the northeast and southeast quarters of the southeast quarter of Section 24, in addition to the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter and Lot 4, comprising the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter. These parcels were retained throughout the twentieth century as federal public lands (Bureau of Land Management n.d.). The trash deposit that makes up the Project area is situated in the northeast quarter of Section 24. That quarter section and the north half of the adjoining southeast quarter of the Section had been acquired by Cyrus Pierce as of 1932, then by the Kieberk Corporation as of 1933 (Riverside County Assessor 1907-1964). In 1930, Pierce was resident in the city of Los Angeles, a wealthy Pennsylvania -born retiree (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1930a). The Kieberk Corporation, organized in 1926, was the first of several real estate corporations owned and managed by Harry Kiener, resident of Los Angeles (California State Court of Appeals 1941; Los Angeles Times 1943). As mentioned above, Kiener had first proposed the creation of the Desert Club. Beginning in 1934, the Palm Springs Land and Irrigation Company had acquired the Project property, along with other properties at La Quinta, owing the Kieberk Corporation a substantial sum in consequence. Subdivision lot properties purchased by the Palm Springs Land and Irrigation Co. were designated to be sold to individual buyers under Kieberk Corporation auspices in subsequent years. Due to Keiner's ill health, Kieberk Co. interests were sold to the Palm Springs -La Quinta Development Company. Kieberk sales employees Frank Stone and Edward Glick, among others, sold properties in the La Quinta Cove through an option contract with the Palm Springs Land and Irrigation Company, and they also built the Desert Club, as previously noted. Stone, Glick, and 27 associates were eventually indicted in 1943 on federal mail fraud charges due to sales irregularities (Los Angeles Times 1943). However, the Project property was not sold during this period. It was held by the Palm Springs Land and Irrigation Company until it was obtained by Catherine V. Adams et al. as of the 1948 tax year (Riverside County Assessor 1907-1964). Adams may correspond to a Catherine V. Adams who was born in 1907 in Hot Springs, Arkansas, the daughter of a resort physician, and was later resident in Los Angeles County, where she passed away in 1980 (California Department of Health Services 2000). A Catherine V. Adams and husband Joseph W. Adams are recorded as residing at 2221 North Catalina Street in the City of Los Angeles in 1954 (Los Angeles County 1954a). Adams and parmer(s) had purchased additional properties in Sections 1, 12, and 13 within the subdivision area in La Quinta Cove, and were apparently associated with development of the urban area of the community by 1948 and after. The land acquisitions of Adams and partners were extensive enough that a rubber stamp was used in successive assessor's map books to insert the name of this ownership group. The Adams owners held the entire acreage of the northeast quarter until the east half of both Lots 1 and 2 within this quarter section were acquired by Willis O. and Stella C. Prouty in 1954. Willis Oswald Prouty was bom in Michigan in 1897, later worked in a watch factory in Elgin, Illinois and moved to California with his parents prior to 1920 (Selective Service System 1917). Prouty also appears to have been an investor, and was manager of a sign business in Los Angeles in 1930 (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1930b). In 1954, the Proutys were residing at 710 North Grand 18 View Lane in La Puente, and Willis passed away there in 1978 (Los Angeles County 1954b; Social Security Death Index n.d.). The Adams group continued to own the west half of these lots and the west half of the quarter section as well. By the year 1960, Victor A. and Noma P. Holchak had acquired the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 24, and retained it through at least the 1964 tax year (Riverside County Assessor 1907-1964). Holchak was Victor Alvin Holchak, a stage, movie, and television actor and radio broadcaster who was particularly active as a guest star in television in southern California during the 1970s, and starred in a Howard Hughes biographical film in 1978. He was born in Texas in 1912, resident in California as early as 1940, and passed away in Los Angeles County in 1989. His wife Noma was also born in Texas, in 1907, and was involved, along with Kolchak, in a school teacher wrongful dismissal and sexual harassment case in East Benard, Texas in 1931 that made national headlines (Clearfield Progress 1931). During the period from 1932 through 1964, no buildings or other improvements were constructed within Section 24. The northeast quarter of Section 24 was clearly subject to alluvial wash flooding from winter storm episodes, which would have made the construction of improvements on this land difficult. A 1949 air photo shows a faintly discernible dirt road or track running south through the south end of Section 13, and southwest through the northeast quarter of Section 24. The track or trail then heads south up the drainage and canyon in the middle of the south half of Section 24. This track appears to have provided access to the trash dump site in the Project area. Dumping activity cannot be clearly discerned in the photograph. The vehicle track is shown on the 1959 Palm Desert 15' quadrangle (U.S. Geological Survey 1959). Modern air photos show this track in the vicinity of the trash dumping site, although late twentiethth-century flood control and other projects appear to have obliterated other portions of this road. The City of La Quinta was incorporated in 1982, and during the 1980s a series of flood control improvements were put in place to decrease the risk of catastrophic flooding in the Cove area. 19 5 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY METHODS ARID RESULTS A reconnaissance -level cultural resources survey of the Project study area was conducted by fE archaeologist Joan George on December 15, 2010. Ms. George encountered an extensive refuse dump site comprising numerous concentrations containing domestic residential refuse such as cans, bottles, kitchen wares, household goods, and building materials (Figure 6). The artifacts appeared to date predominantly to the 1940s and 1950s, with some earlier items dating to the 1930s. Datable artifacts at the site primarily consisted of bottles, which provide accurate, often tight, date ranges for refuse deposits. Ms. George's examination of the site concluded that the refuse was historic in age and would require further study. { 7 1 Figure 6 Examples of refuse concentrations found in the Project area. A more in-depth assessment of the refuse dump site was carried out by fE archaeologists Robert Lichtenstein, Ken Moslak, and Katie Manion on December 24, 2010. This assessment consisted of an intensive -level survey of the refuse dump site and a minimal sampling of artifacts that would provide additional information on the nature and period of the deposit, since recorded as Site !E- 1376-1H. During the sampling strategy, efforts were focused on identifying those artifacts with temporal characteristics that could be applied to acquiring a fairly tight date range for the site, and therefore, this analysis is not meant to be an intensive inventory. The results of the field inspection and sample assessment are provided below, and in the attached DPR form (Appendix A). 20 Site IE-1376-1H: This site is a large, mid -twentieth-century refuse deposit measuring approximately 1,368 ft (N-S) x 1,073 ft (E-W), and encompassing nearly 10.27 irregularly -shaped acres of land. The site consists of approximately 100,000+ cans, bottles, hardware, ceramics, and building materials distributed at multiple concentrations, likely representing numerous depositional events that occurred over many years. The domestic nature of the refuse suggests that tE-1376-1H once served as a residential dump site that has been abandoned for several decades. The general perception of the refuse, based on styles, decoration, morphology and other physical characteristics was that the refuse dated to the 1930s-1950s period. The nature and physical characteristics of the dump site suggest that the refuse represents residential household refuse dumped by persons living in the local area, periodically over a span of at least a couple of decades. Based on the location of the dump in the higher elevations of the canyon'above the La Quinta Cove community, it is presumed that this dump site is the result of many years of dumping by La Quinta Cove residents during the 1930s-1950s. The types of retail food and product containers (bottles and cans) found at the site vary, and represent a multitude of products obtained from grocery markets (Figures 7a, 7b). For example, glass bottles that once contained liquor, milk, soft drinks and other beverages, condiments, toiletries, and cleaning agents are well represented in the deposit. Cans found at the site include types representative of containing lighter fluid, scouring powder, motor oil, beer, soda, smoking and chewing tobacco, aerosols, tea, paint, foot/body powders, sardines, varnish, waxes, ham, coffee, tuna, vegetables, fruit and fruit juices, soup, meat, band -aids, aspirin, first -aid tape, baking powder, cocoa, and evaporated milk. Butchered bone found at the site is likely representative of various cuts of pork and beef purchased from local markets. The sampled retail food and product containers are representative of the types and name -brands of products that were available during the 1930s to 1950s era. 3 Figure 7a Examples of retail food and product containers (cans) found at the site. 21 Figure 7b Examples of retail food and product containers (bottles and jars) found at the site. Manufacturers' marks on the bottles found in the refuse dump site included Thatcher Manufacturing Company (1900-1946), Northwestern Glass Company (since 1931), Glass Containers, Inc. (since 1945), Maywood Glass Company (1930-1961), Hazel -Atlas Glass Company (1920-1964), Obear- Nester Glass Company (since 1915), Duraglas (since 1940), Anchor -Hocking (since 1946), Owens- Illinois Glass Company (1929-1954), and Metro Glass Bottle Company (since 1949), to name only a few (all from Toulouse 1971). Some of the product brand names included Pepsi, 7-Up, Sunkist, Canada Dry, and Nesbits (soda); Helene Curtis (shampoo); Log Cabin (syrup); Noxzema (skin care); Clorox and Purex (bleach); Old Spice (cologne); Wishbone (salad dressing); Calumet (Baking Powder); Copenhagen (tobacco); and Arden Farms (milk). Kitchen ceramic wares found at the site include fragments of plates, cups, saucers, bowls, and platters of various styles (Figures 8a, 8b). The quality of the wares also varies greatly, as evidenced by vitrification (paste and firing process) and design of the wares. For example, porcelains, semi - porcelains, stonewares, semi -vitreous earthenwares, and plain earthenwares are all present, representing various types of wares that were afforded by the different households that dumped at the site. Designs include Fiesta, Blue Willow, and hotel ware, to name only a few. At least one Desert Club -La Quinta plate fragment was found among the refuse. The pieces represent numerous ceramic patterns and styles that were popular during the 1930s to 1950s era. p F i Figure 8a Examples of kitchen ceramic wares found at the site. 22 Figure Sb Examples of kitchen ceramic wares found at the site. Pottery makers' marks found among the ceramic kitchen wares that were sampled include: Iroquois China (since 1950), Shenango China (since 1909), Franciscan (1875-1984), Edwin M. Knowles (1900-1948); Hall (1930-1972), Tepco USA China (1922-1978), Wallace (1931-1964), W. S. George (1904—circa 1960), Bauer USA Los Angeles (1932-1962), and Knowles Taylor & Knowles (1905-1929). Dates of these pottery marks came from various sources, including Gates and Ormerod (1982), and Lehner (1988). Building materials found among the refuse included red brick veneer, chunks of concrete coated with floor finish, colored floor tiles, fire brick, cinder block, vista block, plastered chicken wire, milled lumber, ceramic roof tiles, window glass, electrical wiring, plumbing, metal ducts, miscellaneous hardware, and other similar building materials representing improvements, maintenance, and repairs to homes that occurred over the years. Automotive parts, such as a gas tank, a crank shaft, and air -filter housing were found. Miscellaneous metal, such as hardware, enamelware, flatware, bed springs, barrel straps, and a water tank were also observed at the site. The quantity of building materials, automotive parts, and miscellaneous metal found at the site appears to be much less than the household consumer refuse. 23 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial Page 8 of 8 'Resource Name or #: k-1376-1H -acme: ctv,wu -Mao Name: La Ouinta 1959 (1980) and Martinez Mountain 1981 (1988), CA 'Date: 2010 u La Quinta . Mountain _�.T__ I SCALE 1:24,000 � OS 0 Miles O 1.000 0 1000 2000 3.000 50M 5,000 6000 7,00ee1 0.5 0 ome ers TRUE NORTH DPR 523J (1195) "Required information State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# SKETCH MAP Trinomial Page 7 of 8 'Resource Name ora: tASSlgneu uy recumui/ ti-.��-�•� *Drawn by: K. Moslak `Scale: I inch equals 200 feet 'Date of map: December 2010 'n / TN ;f 1 • � Household Refuse Household Refuse ,1, `C/ ;•�• / ` �- • 'Construction Debris I� I Household /'�/ Household Refuse �✓ �� I Refuse �_ A 1 Household Refuse 10, Household Refuse ' --- "•�.i Householdefuse L ,�, Demolition Debris i, /Household Refuse Household Refuse f/ ✓ Demolition Debris �• %� Household Debris \ ;i Household & Demolition Dehris Household Refuse `% Household Refuse J G J Legend Site Boundary Site Datum 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ® Meters 0 50 100 150 200 ® Feet l 1 Refuse Concentration f�ri:19 DPR 523K (1195) 'Required information 6 SUMMARY An archaeological field inspection and sample analysis of an extensive refuse deposit found in the Project area indicates that the refuse dates to the period of the 1930s to the 1950s and is likely refuse associated with the settlement and development of the La Quinta Cove community during that time. The refuse found at the site are typical of the kinds of retail food and product containers and ceramic kitchen wares that would be discarded by a large residential community, such as the La Quinta Cove, located a short distance away at the mouth of the canyon. The Cove community is recognized as La Quinta's first residential subdivision. The refuse dump, temporarily designated k-1376-1 H, is in good condition and retains sufficient integrity. It does not contain the types of artifacts that would normally be attributed with activities carried out by the La Quinta Hotel or Desert Club, both of which are located a long distance away in the downtown area. The City of La Quinta will evaluate the resource for historical significance and develop recommendations for the Project. 24 7 REFERENCES Army Map Service 1947 Toro Peak, Calif. Quadrangle. Army Map Service. Scale 1:62,500. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. Bureau of Land Management n.d. Database of General Land Office Public Land Patent Filings. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D.C. California State Court of Appeals 1941 Palm Springs -La Quinta Development Co. v. Kieberk Corp., 46 Cal.App.2d 234; Civil Docket No. 6597. California State Court of Appeals, Third District, July 28, 1941. California Department of Health Services 2000 Death Entry for Catherine V. Adams, California Death Index, 1940-1997, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, CA. Clearfield Progress 1931 Town Aids Teacher in Fight for Job. The Clearfield Progress, Clearfield, Pa. 11 August 1931:8. Coachella Valley County Water District 1978 Coachella Valley's Golden Years: the Early History of the Coachella Valley, County Water District and Stories about the Discovery and Development of this Section of the Colorado Desert. Compiled by Ole J. Nordland. Coachella Valley County Water District, Coachella, CA. County Assessor, Riverside 1907-1964 Map Book 10 (1907-1913) P. 22, Map Book 21 (1913-1919) P. 61, Map Book 21 (1920-1926), p. 63; Map Book 25 (1927-1933), p. 27; Map Book 25 (1933-1938), p. 27; Map Book 25A (1939-1944), p. 27, Map Book 25A (1945-1950), p. 27, Map Book 25A (1950-1954), p. 27, Map Book 25A (1955-1959), p. 27, Map Book 25A (1960- 1964), p. 27. Crouch, D. P., D. J. Garr, and A. I. Mundigo 1982 Spanish City Planning in North America. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Federal Emergency Management Agency 1984 Flood Insurance Study : City of La Quinta, California, Riverside County. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C. 1991 Flood Insurance Study : City of La Quinta, California, Riverside County. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C. 25 Gates, William C., Jr., and Dana E. Ormerod 1982 Identification of Manufacturers and Marks. Journal of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Volume 16, Nos. 1-2. Henderson, Randall 1947 Oasis on Bear Creek. Desert Magazine. September 1947:11-13. Laflin, Patricia B. 2001 [19981 Coachella Valley California: A Pictorial History. 2"d printing. The Donning Company Publishers, Virginia Beach. La Quinta Historical Society 1990 The History of La Quinta, The Gem of the Desert. La Quinta Historical Society, La Quinta, CA. Lech, Steve 2004 Along the Old Roads: A History of the Portion of Southern California That Became Riverside County, 1772-1893. Steve Lech, Riverside, CA. Lehner, Lois 1988 Lehner's Encyclopedia of U.S. Marks on Pottery, Porcelain, and Clay. Collector Books, Paducah, KY. Los Angeles County 1954a Index to Register of Voters, Los Angeles City Precinct No. 1295, Los Angeles County, 1954. Los Angeles County Registrar of Voters. 1954b Index to Register of Voters, La Puente Precinct No. 2, Los Angeles County, 1954. Los Angeles County Registrar of Voters. Los Angeles Times 1927 Resort Notes. Los Angeles Times, 29 January 1927:G10. 1927a Unique Indio Hotel Recently Given Formal Dedication. Los Angeles Times, 6 February 1927:E7. 1927b Looking Southwest of Hotel. Los Angeles Times, 13 November 1927:G9. 1931 Desert Will "Go Polo" at Resort Near Indio. Los Angeles Times, 13 November 1931:Al2. 1933 Resort and Hotel Notes. Los Angeles Times, 3 December 1933:E3. 1934a Rest Reigns at La Quinta. Los Angeles Times, 11 February 1934:E2. 1934b Desert Lure for Visitors at La Quinta. Los Angeles Times, 25 March 1934:136. 1935 La Quinta Prospects Promising, Los Angeles Times. 20 December 1935:A14. 26 Los Angeles Times (continued) 1936 Classified Advertisement- Famous Vale La Quinta Lot. Los Angeles Times, 21 January 1936:A6. 1939 The Desert Club Beautiful at La Quinta. Los Angeles Times, 3 January 1939:E18. 1943 Resort Development Land Fraud Indictment Explained. Los Angeles Times, 8 January 1943:10. Mellon and Associates 1997 City of La Quinta Historical Resources Survey. Report on file, City of La Quinta Community Development Department. Mouriquand, Leslie 1997 DRAFT City of La Quinta Historic Context Statement. Report on file, La Quinta Historic Preservation Commission. Norland, Ole J. 1978 Coachella Valley's Golden Years. Revised edition. Desert Printing Co., Inc., Indio, CA. O'Conner, Pam, and Vicki Steigemeyer 1997 Historical Resources Record: La Quinta Cove Thematic Historic District. On file, City of La Quinta Community Development Department. Selective Service System 1917 Selective Service Registration Card of Willis O. Prouty, dated 13 December, 1917. Kane County Local Board No. 2, Elgin, Ill. Selective Service System, Washington, D.C. Social Security Death Index n.d. Entry for Willis O. Prouty, Social Security Death Index, Social Security Administration, Washington, D.C. Starr, Kevin 2005 California: A History. The Modem Library, New York. Tang, Bai "Tom," and Michael Hogan 2006 Summary of Findings: Citywide Historical Resources Survey Update, City ofLa Quinta, Riverside County, California. Submitted to the City of La Quinta by CRM Tech, Riverside, California. Report #RI-8105 on file, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside. Toulouse, Julian Harrison 1971 Bottle Makers and Their Marks. Thomas Nelson Inc., NY. U.S. Bureau of the Census 1920 Fourteenth U.S. Decennial Census, State of California, County of Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles, Enumeration District 178; January 9, 1920, Sheet 13B. 27 U.S. Bureau of the Census (continued) 1930a Fifteenth U.S. Decennial Census, State of California, County of Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles, Enumeration District 19-98; April 2, 1930, Sheet 2A. 1930b Fifteenth U.S. Decennial Census, State of California, County of Los Angeles, Redondo Township, City of Hermosa Beach, Enumeration District 19-1287; April 18, 1930, Sheet 12B. U.S. Department of Agriculture 1949 Aerial Photographs AXM-2F-71, AXM-2F-72, AXM-2F-73, Coachella Valley. Photo dates: 02-15-1949, 2-18-1949. Scale: 1:20,000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Production and Marketing Administration. USDA Aerial Survey 475-49, Item 2 (Symbol: AXM), Park Aerial Surveys, Louisville, Ky., Flights completed 02-18-1949. U.S. Geological Survey 1904 Indio, Calif. 30-minute Quadrangle (1:125,000). Surveyed in 1901. United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 1959 Palm Desert, Calif. 15-minute Quadrangle (1:62,500). Aerial photographs taken in 1954, field -checked in 1957 and 1959. United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. von Till Warren, E., R. H. Crabtree, C. N. Warren, M. Knack, and R. McCarty 1981 A Cultural Resources Overview of the Colorado Desert Planning Units. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District, Riverside. 28 APPENDIX A DPR 523 RECORDS (SITE LE-1376-1 H) 29 State of California — The Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION PRIMARY RECORD Other Listings Review Code Page I of 8 or #: fE- Primary # HRI # Trinomial NRHP Status Code Reviewer Date P1. Other Identifier: P2. Location: a. County Riverside, CA 0 Not for Publication ❑ Unrestricted b. USGS 7.5' Quad La Quinta, CA Date 1980 T 6 S; R 6 E; NWIA of NW 1/4 of Sec 24; S.B.B.M. c. Address: City La Quinta Zip d. Zone 11, NAD 83, 563999 mEl 3722240 mN e. Other Locational Data (e.g., parcel #, legal description, directions to resource, additional UTMs, etc., when appropriate): fE-1376-1 H is situated on an alluvial fan in a canyon south of the La Quinta Cove residential subdivision. From Interstate 10, take the Jefferson Street exit. Travel 5.0 miles south to Avenue 52 and turn right (west) onto Avenue 52 and travel 2.0 miles. Turn left (south) onto Avenida Bermudas, then travel 1.7 miles to Calle Tecate (Avenida Bermudas turns into Calle Tecate at the comer). Travel 0.1 mi on Calle Tecate to a parking area on the left (south). From the trail -head map monument in the southwest corner of the parking lot, the site datum (arbitrary central point within the site) is 0.7 mi at 172°. The site is centrally located within APN 771-140-019. Pia. Description (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries): tE-1376-111 is a large, mid -twentieth-century refuse deposit measuring approximately 1,368 ft (N-S) x 1,073 ft (E-W), and encompassing nearly 10.27 irregularly -shaped acres of land. The site consists of nearly 100,000+ cans, bottles, hardware, ceramics, and building materials distributed at multiple concentrations, likely representing numerous depositional events that occurred over many years. The domestic nature of the refuse suggests that tE-1376-lH once served as a residential dump site that has been abandoned for several decades. The general perception of the refuse, based on styles, decoration, morphology and other physical characteristics was that the refuse dated to the 1930s-1950s period. The nature and physical characteristics of the dump site suggested that the refuse represents residential household refuse dumped by persons living in the local area, periodically over a span of at least a couple of decades. Based on the location of the dump in the higher elevations of the canyon above the La Quinta Cove community, it is presumed that this dump site is the result of many years of dumping by La Quinta Cove residents during the 1930s-1950s. P3b. Resource Attributes (List all attributes and codes): AH 4: Refuse dump. P4. Resources Present: ❑ Building ❑ Structure ❑ Object 0 Site ❑ District ❑ Element of District ❑ Other: P5. Photograph or Drawing: (Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects.) P6. Date ConstructedlAge and Source: ❑ Prehistoric O Historic ❑ Both P7. Owner and Address: Coachella Valley Water District, P.O. Box 1058, Coachella, CA 92236. P8. Recorded by (Name, affiliation, address): R. J. Lichtenstein, K. Manion, K. Moslak, Applied EarthWorks, Inc., 3292 E. Florida Ave., Suite A, Hemet, CA 92544. P9. Date Recorded: December24,2010. P10. Type of Survey: O Intensive ❑ Reconnaissance ❑ Other Describe: Maximum of 15-m pedestrian transects. P11. Report Citation (Provide full citation or enter "none"): Smallwood, Josh, and David D. Earle (2011) Cultural Resources Report far the Coachella Valley Water District's La Quinta Cove Refuse Removal Project, City of La Quina, Riverside County, California. Prepared for Coachella Valley Water District Submitted by Applied Earthworks, Inc. Attachments: ❑ None E Location Map 0 Site Map ❑ Continuation Sheet ❑ Building, Structure, and Object Record O Archaeological Record ❑ District Record ❑ Linear Feature Record ❑ Milling Station Record ❑ Rock Art Record ❑ Artifact Record O Photograph Record Other: State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Page 2 of 8 'Resource Name or # E-1376-1H Al. Dimensions: a. Length: 1,368 ft (N-S) x b. Width: 1,073 ft (E-W) Method of Measurement: ❑ Paced ❑ Taped ❑ Visual estimate O Other Trimble GPS Method of Determination (Check any that apply): O Artifacts ❑ Features ❑ Soil ❑ Vegetation ❑ Topography ❑ Cut bank ❑ Animal burrow ❑ Excavation ❑ Property boundary ❑ Other (explain): Reliability of Determination: ❑ High ED Medium ❑ Low Explain: Site boundaries were placed around in situ concentrations, not scattered debris. Limitations (Check any that apply): ❑ Restricted access ❑ Paved/built over ❑ Disturbances ❑ Site limits incompletely defined ❑ Other (Explain): A2. Depth: ❑ None Z Unknown Method of Determination: A3. Human Remains: ❑ Present O Absent ❑ Possible ❑ Unknown (Explain): A4. Features (Number, briefly describe, indicate size, list associated cultural constituents, and show location of each feature on sketch map): No features were encountered. Extensive concentrations of refuse are present at the site, as described below. A5. Cultural Constituents (Describe and quantify artifacts, ecofacts, cultural residues, etc., not associated with feature): The site consists of multiple concentrations of domestic refuse with some demolition debris deposits. There are an estimated 100,000+ artifacts amidst the refuse concentrations that are scattered across about 10.27 acres. Due to time constraints, a brief sample inventory of materials was documented, as summarized below. Glass bottles and cans were inventoried by physical type and product use, as described in the accompanying list, below. The types of retail food and product containers (bottles and cans) found at the site vary, and represent a multitude of products obtained from grocery markets. For example, glass bottles that once contained liquor, milk, soft drinks and other beverages, condiments, toiletries, and cleaning agents are well represented in the deposit. Cans found at the site include types representative of containing lighter fluid, scouring powder, motor oil, beer, soda, smoking and chewing tobacco, aerosols, tea, paint, foot/body powders, sardines, varnish, waxes, ham, coffee, tuna, vegetables, fruit and fruit juices, soup, meat, band -aids, aspirin, first -aid tape, baking powder, cocoa, and evaporated milk. Butchered bone found at the site is likely representative of various cuts of pork and beef purchased from local markets. The sampled retail food and product containers are representative of the types and name -brands of products that were available during the 1930s to 1950s era. Manufacturer's marks on the bottles found in the refuse dump site included Thatcher Manufacturing Company (1900-1946), Northwestern Glass Company (since 1931), Glass Containers, Inc. (since 1945), Maywood Glass Company (1930-1961), Hazel -Atlas Glass Company (1920-1964), Obear-Nester Glass Company (since 1915), Duraglas (since 1940), Anchor -Hocking (since 1946), Owens-Illinois Glass Company (1929-1954), and Metro Glass Bottle Company (since 1949), to name only a few (all from Toulouse 1971). Some of the product brand names included Pepsi, 7-Up, Sunkist, Canada Dry, and Nesbits (soda); Helene Curtis (shampoo); Log Cabin (syrup); Noxzema (skin care); Clorox and Purex (bleach); Old Spice (cologne); Wishbone (salad dressing); Calumet (Baking Powder); Copenhagen (tobacco); and Arden Farms (milk). Kitchen ceramic wares found at the site include fragments of plates, cups, saucers, bowls, and platters of various styles. The quality of the wares also varies greatly, as evidenced by vitrification (paste and firing process) and design of the wares. For example, porcelains, semi -porcelains, stonewares, semi -vitreous earthenwares, and plain earthenwares are all present, representing various types of wares that were afforded by the different households that dumped at the site. Designs include Fiesta, Blue Willow, and hotel ware, to name only a few. At least one Desert Club -La Quinta plate fragment was found among the refuse. The pieces represent numerous ceramic patterns and styles that were popular during the 1930s to 1950s era. Pottery makers' marks found among the ceramic kitchen wares that were sampled include: Iroquois China (since 1950), Shenango China (since 1909), Franciscan (1875-1984), Edwin M. Knowles (1900-1948); Hall (1930-1972), Tepco USA China (1922-1978), Wallace (1931-1964), W. S. George (1904-circa 1960), Bauer USA Los Angeles (1932-1962), and Knowles Taylor & Knowles (1905-1929). Dates of these pottery marks came from various sources, including Gates and Ormerod (1982), and Lehner (1988). Building materials found among the refuse included red brick veneer, chunks of concrete coated with floor finish, colored floor tiles, fire brick, cinder block, vista block, plastered chicken wire, milled lumber, ceramic roof tiles, window glass, electrical wiring, plumbing, metal ducts, miscellaneous hardware, and other similar building materials representing improvements, maintenance, and repairs to homes that occurred over the years. Automotive State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Pane 3 of 8 'Resource Name or # EE-13764H parts, such as a gas tank, a crank shaft, and air -filter housing were found. Miscellaneous metal, such as hardware, enamelware, flatware, bed springs, barrel straps, and a water tank were also observed at the site. The quantity of building materials, automotive parts, and miscellaneous metal found at the site appears to be much less than the household consumer refuse. Glass Bottle and Metal Can Inventory Glass bottles (colorless, cobalt, green, brown, red, milk): Beverage: Liquor (gin, whiskey, wine); soft drink (Pepsi Cola, 7-up, Canada Dry, Sunkist, Nesbits); milk (Arden Farms) Condiments: ketchup peppersauce mustard mayonnaise olives salad dressing (Wishbone) Log Cabin Syrup relish vinegar Toiletries: deodorant (Old Spice/milk glass) perfume/cologne shampoo (Helene Curtis/milk glass) cold creams Noxzema Cleaning: Clorox Purex Cans: lighter fluid scouring powder 1 qt motor oil cone top beer can flip top tobacco tin cylindrical tobacco tin aerosol cans square tea cans 1 gal paint cans square containers (powders) flask shaped (Stir Solution, footfbody powders) No. 1 oval (607 x 108) (sardines) Oblong F-style (varnish, waxes) pear-shaped, key -opened (ham) vacuum coffee 1 lb (502 x 308) vacuum coffee 2 lb (502 x 607) sanitary No. '/2 (307 x 113) (tuna) sanitary No. 1 picnic (21 1 x 400) (vegetables, some fruit juices, soup, meat, etc.) sanitary No. 2'/z (401 x 411) (fruits, vegetables, juices) sanitary No. 303 (303 x 406) (vegetables, fruits, juices, soups) 12 oz. beer (21 I x 413) (beer, carbonated beverages) flip -top band -aid can square aspirin tin first -aid tape spool Copenhagen tin solder dot evaporated milk cans (215 x 315) (1930-1975, Kimball 2005) (208 x 205) (1950-1985, Kimball 2005) Calumet baking powder (10 lb) cocoa tins State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE RECORD Page 4 of 8 'Resource Name or# [E-1376-1H A6. Were Specimens Collected? ED No ❑ Yes (If yes, attach Artifact Record or catalog and identify where specimens are curated.) A7. Site Condition: ❑ Good Ffl Fair ❑ Poor (Describe disturbances): Slope wash has dispersed materials from several of the refuse deposits. A modern walking trail (Boo Hoff Trail) passes along the west side of the site. Some evidence of looting and artifact collecting is present. AS. Nearest Water (Type, distance, and direction): Bear Creek (ephemeral/dry) is plotted immediately west of the site. AS. Elevation: 460 fit amsl. A10. Environmental Setting (Describe vegetation, fauna, soils, geology, landform, slope, aspect, exposure, etc., as appropriate): /E-1376-IH is situated in a Creosote Bush Scrub environment. The site is situated on an alluvial fan composed of coarse granitic -derived Quaternary alluvial sediments. fE-1376-IH is on a slope (5-10°) with a northeastern aspect and open/360° exposure. A11. Historical Information (Note sources and provide full citations in Field A15 below): See the report, Smallwood, Josh, and David D. Earle (2011) Cultural Resources Report for the Coachella Valley Water District's La Quinta Cove Refuse Removal Project, City of La Quinta, Riverside County, California, for a full discussion of the land use history of the area. Al2. Age: ❑ Prehistoric ❑ Pre -Colonial (1500-1769) ❑ Spanish/Mexican (1769-1848) ❑ Early American (1848-1880) ❑ Turn of century (1880-1914) Z Early 20' century (1914-1945) O Post WWII (1945+) ❑ Undetermined Factual or estimated dates of occupation (explain): A13. Interpretations (Discuss scientific, interpretive, ethnic, and other values of site, if known): IE-1376-IH is a large moderately dense deposit of mid -twentieth-century domestic household refuse. The refuse dates to the period of the 1930s to the 1950s and is likely refuse associated with the settlement and development of the La Quinta Cove community during that time. The refuse found at the site are typical of the kinds of retail food and product containers and ceramic kitchen wares that would be discarded by a large residential community, such as the La Quinta Cove, located a short distance away at the mouth of the canyon. The Cove community is recognized as La Quinta's first residential subdivision. The refuse dump, temporarily designated tE-1376-1H, is in good condition and retains sufficient integrity. It does not contain the types of artifacts that would normally be attributed with activities carried out by the La Quinta Hotel or Desert Club, both of which are located a long distance away in the downtown area. A14. Remarks: The City of La Quinta will make a determination of the site's historical significance. A15. References (Give full citations including the names and addresses of persons interviewed, if possible): A16. Photographs (List subjects, direction of view, and accession numbers or attach a Photograph Record): See Photograph Record attached. A17. Form Prepared by: R. Lichtenstein and Josh Smallwood Date: December 24, 2010 Affiliation and Address: Applied Earth Works, Inc., 3292 E. Florida Ave., Suite A, Hemet, CA 92544. State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial PHOTOGRAPH RECORD Page 5 of 8 *Resource Name or# [E-1376-I11 Temporary Number/Resource Name: IE-1376-1H Project Name: Coachella Valley Water District —La Quinta Dump Removal Photographer: K. Manion Image Type: ❑ (bw) 35mm B&W film ❑ (cp) 35mm Color Print film ❑ (cs) 35mm Color Slide film ❑ (df) Digital -Floppy disk O (dm) Digital -Memory flash card Camera Type and Model: Nikon Coolpix L-19 Film Type and Speed: SD card Roll Number: Dump-l-dm Year: 2010 Frame/ Mo. Day Time File Name Subject/Description Facing 12 24 002 Powder can. 12 24 003 Coffee can top. 12 24 004 Close-up of Shenango China maker's mark. 12 24 005 Assortment of Shenango China ware. 12 24 006 Close-up of"The Desert Club" logo. 12 24 007 Tobacco tin. 12 24 12 24 12 24 12 24 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 008 Wire closure, glass bottle. 009 Baking powder lid. O10 Glass milk jar, top. Oil Log Cabin logo. 012 Log Cabin glass bottle. 013 Aspirin tin, close-up of opening. 014 Aspirin tin, plan view. 015 Decorative glass jar. Perfume? 016 Stir solution, top. 017 Stir solution, side. 018 Cone top can. 019 Helene Curtis Cream Shampoo bottle. 020 Cone top can. 021 Iroquois ceramics. 022 Random selection of patterned ceramics. 023 Ketchup bottle. 024 Assortment of condiment bottles. 025 Mustardjar. State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION Trinomial PHOTOGRAPH RECORD Page 6 of 8 "Resource Name or # E-1376-1H Mo. Day Time Frame/ File Name Subject/Description Facing 12 24 026 Red wine vinegar. 12 24 027 7-up bottle. 12 24 028 Old Spice stick deodorant jar. 12 24 029 Construction rubble with 6 ft scale. 12 24 030 Copenhagen lid. 12 24 031 Small patterned dish. 12 24 032 Overview of dump from middle. S 12 24 033 Overview of dump from eastern ridge. N 12 24 034 Overview of dump with water tower. SE 12 24 035 Overview of dump from middle of dump. NE 12 24 036 Close-up of Winfield pattern ceramic, front. 12 24 037 Close-up of Winfield pattern ceramic, bottom. 12 24 038 Tooth powder tin. 12 24 039 Noxzema glass jar bottom. 12 24 040 Pepsi -cola bottle. 12 24 041 Band -aid box. 12 24 042 Domestic rubble with 6 ft scale. 12 24 043 Clorox glass jar bottom. 12 24 044 Domestic rubble with 6 ft scale. 12 24 045 Powder can. 12 24 046 Wishbone dressing bottle. 12 24 047 Close-up of Wishbone logo. 12 24 048 Paint can. 12 24 049 Aerosol can. 12 24 050 Arden milk bottle. 12 24 051 Overview from access road. S r xi e:- y b •.k��s' d��^.r�. „�t�d -'ram-. � f �v : i C��a�� c yS'4, w �a6.u. s�. r ��a �,•,.ay _: 49': !i 4P b,�tf'B •�` 4 r:•r'r r�V �a • q�' GphIl- V. oA a- `,r„�> '�.•�J. `-,{4. €'� "-d `'fey rpm r� 4'a 64 yam, �✓ � � ;.% sits Y.a• �` 4 P ,',�' ° ° lye'. 4 L . �M � �.,., [ r �.4 s {.'} vo'�ar +R Cam,.. Cp � ✓ •- 7`: yw. . ��-. 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