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(4) 2035 LQ General Plan - Chapter IV (11.19.13)               Chapter  IV     ENVIRONMENTAL  HAZARDS      NOISE      SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY      FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY      HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS                     NOISE   IV-­‐1           NOISE     PURPOSE   The   Noise   Element   addresses   the   City’s   current   and   future   noise   environment.   As   the   City   and   its   Sphere   of   Influence   continue   to   develop,   additional   development   will   generate   noise   from   many   sources,   ranging   from   air   conditioning   units   to   automobiles.   This   Element   identifies   areas   where   noise   levels   are   expected   to   reach   unacceptable   levels,   and   provides   policies   and   programs   which   will   assure  that  noise  levels  do  not  negatively  impact  the  community.     Government  Code  Section  65032(f)  requires  that  cities  evaluate  their   noise   environments,   address   the   potential   hazards   associated   with   high  noise  levels  and  set  standards  for  acceptable  and  unacceptable   noise  levels.  The  City  is  also  allowed  to  set  standards  for  noise  under   the  California  Environmental  Quality  Act  (CEQA).  These  standards  can   help  the  City  identify  projects  which  could  significantly  impact  noise   levels,  and    require  that  the  projects  lower  their  noise  levels.     The   Noise   Element   is   most   closely   related   to   the   Land   Use   and   Circulation  Elements.  In  the  case  of  the  Land  Use  Element,  the  location   of   uses   which   create   more   noise  –  such   as   commercial   shopping   centers  –  can  impact  noise  levels  in  residential  neighborhoods,  schools   and  other  “sensitive  receptors.”  The  Circulation  Element  is  closely  tied   to  the  Noise  Element  because  the  noise  created  by  traffic  is  and  will   continue   to   be  the   single   largest   source  of   noise   in   the   City.   The   distribution   and   smooth   flow   of   traffic,   therefore,   is   critical   to   the   City’s  noise  environment.     BACKGROUND   Noise  is   defined   as   an   unwanted   sound  and   can   have   serious   physiological   and   psychological   effects   on   people,   ranging   from   the   disturbance   of   sleep   to   hearing  loss.  In  order  to  prevent  these  negative   effects,   a   number   of   tools   are   available   to   cities,  particularly  when  they  consider  new   development  proposals.       NOISE   IV-­‐2     The   changes   in   air   pressure   which   result   in   sound   are   most   often   measured  in  decibels  (dB).  That  measurement  is  further  modified  by   the  A-­‐weighted  decibel  scale  (dBA),  which  gives  less  weight  to  very   low  and  very  high  sounds,  consistent  with  the  way  a  human  ear  reacts   to   sound.   A   conversation   between   two   people   measures   about   60   dBA,   while   construction   equipment   can   register   at   110   dBA.   Most   people  cannot  identify  an  increase  in  sound  of  less  than  3  dB,  and  the   structure  of  the  human  ear  causes  us  to  perceive  that  a  sound  that  is  10   dB  higher  than  another  is  twice  as  loud.  The  chart  below  illustrates   loudness  and  its  subjective  impact  on  people.         The  amount  of  noise  in  a  community  at  any  given  time  is  called  the   ambient  noise  level.  It  consists  of  the  total  of  all  noise  sources  –  traffic,   birdsong,  conversations  and  other  noises  –  at  any  given  time  during   the  day.     There   are   two   classifications   of   the   sources   of   noise:   line   sources,   which  include  traffic  noise;  and  point  sources,  which  are  fixed  sources   such  as  air  conditioners.  Both  sources  can  be  affected  by  surrounding   conditions.   “Soft   site”   conditions,  such   as   vegetation,   absorb   noise   and  reduce  its  potential  impact.  “Hard  site”  conditions,  such  as  walls   and  buildings,  can  block  noise  but  can  also  cause  it  to  reverberate.  In   addition,  distance  reduces  noise  levels  –  a  doubling  of  the  distance     NOISE   IV-­‐3   between  a  person  and  a  noise  source  reduces  noise  by  about  4.5  dBA.   Soft  and  hard  site  conditions  and  distance  are  all  used  to  determine  the   level  of  noise  that  reaches  the  human  ear  from  the  source.     Noise  Sources  in  La  Quinta   In  La  Quinta,  traffic  noise  is  the  most  common  source  of  noise.  The   level  of  noise  from  traffic  is  directly  affected  by  the  mix  of  vehicles  on   the  road  –  when  heavy  trucks  make  up  a  larger  share  of  the  traffic,   traffic   noise   is   higher   than   when   traffic   is   composed   entirely   of   automobiles.   Also   contributing   to   noise   levels   are   commercial   activities,   including   air   compressors   and   commercial   compactors,   landscaping  maintenance  equipment,  and  daily  activities.     In   the   Sphere   of   Influence,   aircraft   noise   from   operations   at   the   Jacqueline   Cochran  Regional  Airport   can   also   affect   the   noise   environment.  Although  not  a  heavily  used  airport,  takeoff  and  landing   operations  can  impact  the  residential  land  uses  in  the  Sphere.       As  the  City  and  the  Sphere  of  Influence  areas  build  out,  and  traffic   levels  increase,  ambient  noise  levels  can  also  be  expected  to  go  up.   Careful  planning  is  required  to  assure  that  residents  are  not  negatively   affected.       Noise  Sensitivity   The  term  “sensitive  receptor”  is  used  to  identify  land  uses  which  are   more   impacted   by   noise   than   others.   They   include   residential   uses,   schools   and   libraries,   hospitals   and   nursing   homes.   Moderately   sensitive  uses  include  parks  and  golf  courses,  hotels  and  motels.  The   location   of   uses   which   are   sensitive   to   noise   in   relation   to   noise   generators,  such  as  shopping  centers  and  airports,  must  be  considered   in  the  Land  Use  Map.     Community  Noise  Equivalent  Level  (CNEL)   California  Health  and  Safety  Code  Section  46026  establishes  standards   for  local  noise  ordinances  to  help  identify  appropriate  noise  levels  for   various   land   uses.   It   uses   the   Community   Noise   Equivalent   Level   (CNEL),  which  averages  noise  levels  over  a  24-­‐hour  period.  The  CNEL   scale  is  weighted  to  recognize  that  noise  is  more  evident  during  the   more  quiet  evening  and  nighttime  periods.  Because  the  ambient  noise   level  is  lower  in  the  evening  and  at  night,  sounds  appear  to  be  louder.       The  CNEL  scale  has  been  used  to  develop  acceptable  ranges  of  noise   for  a  broad  range  of  land  uses,  ranging  from  single-­‐family  homes  to   industrial  uses.  Acceptable  noise  levels  under  this  model  increase  as     NOISE   IV-­‐4   the   sensitivity   of   the   land   use   decreases,   so   that   louder   noise   environments   are   considered   acceptable   at   shopping   centers,   and   more  quiet  noise  environments  are  required  for  hotels.     Existing  Noise  Levels   The  primary  source  of  noise  in  the  City  and  Sphere  is  traffic.  In  order  to   determine  noise  levels  throughout  the  City  and  Sphere,  a  noise  analysis   was  conducted  for  this  General  Plan  (it  is  included  in  its  entirety  in  the   Appendix   of   the   General   Plan   EIR).   This   analysis   includes  the   monitoring  of  noise  levels  at  20  locations.  Table  IV-­‐1  shows  the  results   of  24-­‐hour  monitoring  at  seven  locations,  while  Table  IV-­‐2  shows  the   current  short-­‐term  noise  levels  at  13  additional  locations.                                                               NOISE   IV-­‐5     Table  IV-­‐1   Existing  24-­‐Hour  Noise  Levels  at  Monitored  Locations     Receptor   Location  Description   Time  Of   Measure-­‐ ment   Primary  Noise   Source   Hourly   Noise   Levels         (Leq  dBA)   Daily  Noise   Levels             (dBA   CNEL)   L1   Located  north  of   Westward  Ho  Drive   at  La  Quinta  Park   across  from  the  La   Quinta  High  School   baseball  fields.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on   Westward  Ho   Drive,  Park   Activities,  Activities   at  La  Quinta  High   School   44.9  -­‐  63.6  60.2   L2   Located  north  of   Highway  111  on   southern  portion  of   the  commercial   center  west  of  La   Quinta  Drive.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on  Highway   111  50.4  -­‐  64.1  65.3   L3   Located  near  the   Washington  St.  and   Via  Marquessa   intersection   adjacent  to  the   existing  medical   offices.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on   Washington  Street  58.1  -­‐  71.6  72.7   L4   Located  north  of  the   Coachella  Drive  and   Eisenhower  Drive   intersection  at  the   Legacy  Villas  of  La   Quinta.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on   Eisnhower  Drive,   Ambient   47.6  -­‐  56.1  59.3   L5   Located  next  to  the   Crab  Pot  Restaurant   on  Avenida  La  Fonda   in  "The  Village".   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on  Ave.  La   Fonda,  Ambient   within  "The   Village"   43.1  -­‐  65.4  58.9   L6   Located  northeast   of  the  52nd  Avenue   and  Jefferson  Street   intersection  at  land   uses  proposed  as   multi-­‐family   residential.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on  52nd   Ave.  and  Jefferson   St.   48.7  -­‐  60.3  62.2   L7   Located  on  the   northeast  corner  of   the  intersection  of   Jackson  Street  and   50th  Avenue  near   the  existing  single-­‐ family  homes.   February   2-­‐3,  2011   Traffic  on  Jackson   St.  52.6  -­‐  72.6  71.4     The   noisiest   locations   monitored   for   a   24-­‐hour   period   are   on   Washington   Street   in  the   City   and  Jackson   Street  in   the   Sphere   of   Influence.  These  noise  levels  can  be  attributed  to  vehicular  traffic  on     NOISE   IV-­‐6   Washington  and  Jackson  Streets.  The  Daily  Noise  Level  represents  the   average  noise  level  occurring  throughout  the  entire  day.  The  Hourly   Noise   Level  represents  noise   levels  measured   during  one  particular   hour.  In  some  cases,  the  hour  measured  may  have  been  affected  by  an   unusually  loud  event  (heavy  trucks  passing  by)  or  temporarily  noisy   condition  (rush  hour).  Where  this  occurs,  the  Hourly  Noise  Level  can   exceed  the  Daily  Noise  Level.     Table  IV-­‐2  below,  illustrates  the  existing  noise  levels  monitored  for  10   minutes  at  each  location.  The  table  shows  that  the  noisiest  locations   are  on  major  roadways  in  the  City.     Table  IV-­‐2   Existing  Short-­‐Term  Noise  Levels   Receptor   Location  Description   Time  Of   Measure -­‐ment   Primary   Noise  Source   Noise   Levels         (Leq   dBA)   Noise   Levels             (dBA   CNEL)   S1   Located  100  feet  from   the  Washington  Street   centerline  north  of  the   Fred  Waring  Drive   intersection.   3:00  p.m.   Traffic  on   Washington   Street   66.1  68.4   S2   Located  near  the   Jefferson  Street  and  Fred   Waring  Drive  intersection   at  an  existing  Walgreens.   3:17  p.m.   Traffic  on   Jefferson  St.   and  Fred   Waring  Dr.   69.3  72.9   S3   Located  near  the   Eisenhower  Health   center  east  of  the   Washington  Street   centerline.   3:43  p.m.   Traffic  on   Washington   Street   69.3  71.6   S4   Located  near  the  La   Quinta  Unified  School   District  Offices  at  the   intersection  of  48th   Avenue  and  Dune  Palms   Road.   4:11  p.m.  Traffic  on   Avenue  48  66.5  67.1   S5   Located  approximately   100  feet  east  of  the   Jefferson  Street   centerline  north  of  the   50th  Avenue  intersection   at  the  existing   commercial  center.   10:27  a.m.  Traffic  on   Jefferson  St.  64.3  68.0   S6   Located  50  feet  east  of   the  centerline  in  the   front  yard  of  51915   Avenue  Bermudas  across   from  the  community  park   south  of  the  52nd   Avenue  intersection.   11:12  a.m.   Traffic  on   Avenue   Bermudas   66.2  71.3     NOISE   IV-­‐7     Table  IV-­‐2  (cont’d)   Existing  Short-­‐Term  Noise  Levels   Receptor   Location  Description   Time  Of   Measure -­‐ment   Primary   Noise  Source   Noise   Levels         (Leq   dBA)   Noise   Levels             (dBA   CNEL)   S7   Located  south  of  52nd   Avenue  at  the  Cahuilla   Desert  Academy  School.   11:55  a.m.  Traffic  on  52nd   Avenue  62.0  66.6   S8   Located  adjacent  to  the   single-­‐family  homes  near   the  intersection  of   Avenue  Bermudas  and   Calle  Arroba.   11:29  a.m.   Traffic  on   Avenue   Bermudas   59.2  64.3   S9   Located  east  of  Madison   Street  at  the  Troon  Way   intersection  near  the   existing  single-­‐family   homes.   1:10  p.m.   Traffic  on   Madison   Street   64.4  67.5   S10   Located  100  feet  west  of   the  Harrison  Street   centerline  south  of  the   Airport  Blvd.   intersection.   12:16  p.m.     Traffic  on   Harrison   Street   62.1  65.7   S11   Located  north  of  50th   Avenue  centerline  at  the   existing  Boy  and  Girls   Club.   10:46  a.m.  Traffic  on  50th   Avenue  57.7  61.5   S12   Located  50  feet  east  of   the  Monroe  Street   centerline  south  of  the   60th  Avenue  intersection   and  the  existing   residential  uses.   12:40  p.m.  Traffic  on   Monroe  Street  60.4  64.0   S13   Located  100  feet  west  of   the  Jefferson  Street   centerline  between  52nd   and  54th  Avenue  at  the   proposed  residential   uses.   1:30  p.m.   Traffic  on   Jefferson   Street   66.7  71.0         NOISE   IV-­‐8     Table  IV-­‐3   Land  Use  Compatibility  for  Community  Noise  Environments     Land  Uses     CNEL  (dBA)     50     55     60     65     70     75     80   Residential  -­‐  Single  Family  Dwellings,   Duplex,  Mobile  Homes   A              B                C                D   Residential  –  Multiple  Family    A                B                C                D   Transient  Lodging:  Hotels  and  Motels   A              B                C                D   School  Classrooms,  Libraries,  Churches,   Hospitals,  Nursing  Homes  and   Convalescent  Hospitals   A            B                C                D   Auditoriums,  Concert  Halls,  Amphitheaters                B              C   Sports  Arenas,  Outdoor  Spectator  Sports                B              C   Playgrounds,  Neighborhood  Parks  A                C                D   Golf  Courses,  Riding  Stables,  Water   Recreation,  Cemeteries   A              C                D   Office  Buildings,  Business,  Commercial  and   Professional   A                B                D   Industrial,  Manufacturing,  Utilities,   Agriculture   A              B              D  Source:  California  Department  of  Health  Services,  “Guidelines  for  the  Preparation  and   Content  of  the  Noise  Element  of  the  General  Plan,”  1990        A  Normally  Acceptable:  With  no  special  noise  reduction  requirements  assuming  standard   construction.      B   Conditionally  Acceptable:  New  construction  or  development  should  be  undertaken  only  after   a  detailed  analysis  of  the  noise  reduction  requirement  is  made  and  needed  noise  insulation   features  included  in  the  design          C   Normally  Unacceptable:  New  construction  is  discouraged.  If  new  construction  does  proceed,  a   detailed  analysis  of  the  noise  reduction  requirements  must  be  made  and  needed  noise   insulation  features  included  in  the  design.      D  Clearly  Unacceptable:  New  construction  or  development  should  generally  not  be  undertaken.       NOISE   IV-­‐9     La  Quinta  Municipal  Code   Section  9.100.210  of  the  City’s  Municipal  Code  governs  noise  control  in   the  City.  The  current  noise  standards  allow  noise  levels  of  60  dBA  from   7  AM  to  10  PM,  and  50  dBA  from  10  PM  to  7  AM  for  noise  sensitive   uses;  and  75  dBA  from  7  AM  to  10  PM,  and  65  dBA  from  10  PM  to  7  AM   for  nonresidential  land  uses.  This  standard  is  more  stringent  than  the   CNEL  standard  and  can  be  modified  by  City  Council.     The  Ordinance   also   addresses   short-­‐term   noise   levels  and   places   restrictions   on   the   length   of   time   unacceptable   noise   levels   can   be   maintained.   It   also   addresses   temporary   noise   levels,   such   as   construction  noise,  and  restricts  the  hours  when  such  noise  can  occur   to  the  less  sensitive  daytime  hours.     Anticipated  Future  Noise  Levels   The  Noise  Impact  Analysis  predicts  noise  levels  throughout  the  City  and   the  Sphere  of  Influence  at  build  out  of  the  General  Plan.  These  are   shown   in  Table   IV-­‐4,   below,   and   addressed   in   greater   detail   in   the   General  Plan  EIR.     Table  IV-­‐4   Build  Out  Noise  Levels   Road  Segment   CNEL   at   100   Feet     (dBA)   Distance  to  Contour  (Feet)   70   dBA     CNEL   65   dBA   CNEL   60   dBA   CNEL   55  dBA   CNEL   Washington  St.  n/o  Fred  Waring  Dr.  72.7  152  327  705  1,519   Washington  St.  btwn  Fred  Waring  &  Miles  73.3  165  356  766  1,650   Washington  St.  btwn  Miles  &  Hwy  111  72.5  148  318  685  1,476   Washington  St.  btwn  Hwy  111  &  Avenue  48  73.0  158  341  736  1,585   Washington  St.  btwn  Avenue  48  &  Eisenhower  Dr  72.3  142  306  658  1,418   Washington  St.  btwn  Eisenhower  Dr  &  Avenue  50  71.7  129  278  599  1,290   Washington  St.  btwn  Avenue  50  &  Calle  Tampico  70.9  115  248  534  1,150   Eisenhower  Dr.  btwn  Washington  St  &  Avenue  50  68.1  74  160  346  745   Eisenhower  Dr.  btwn  Avenue  50  &  Calle  Tampico  66.6  59  128  275  593   Avenida  Bermudas  btwn  Calle  Tampico  &  Avenue  52  59.1  RW  RW  87  188   Avenida  Bermudas  btwn  Avenue  52  &  Calle  Durango  63.6  RW  80  173  372   Adams  St.  btwn  Westward  Ho  Dr  &  Hwy  111  66.6  60  129  277  597     NOISE   IV-­‐10     Table  IV-­‐4  (cont’d)   Build  Out  Noise  Levels      Distance  to  Contour  (Feet)   Road  Segment   CNEL   at   100   Feet     (dBA   70   dBA     CNEL   65   dBA   CNEL   60   dBA   CNEL   55   dBA   CNEL   Adams  St.  btwn  Hwy  111  &  Avenue  48  66.8  61  132  284  613   Dune  Palms  Rd.  btwn  Westward  Ho  Dr  &  Hwy  111  65.5  50  108  232  500   Dune  Palms  Rd.  btwn  Hwy  111  &  Avenue  48  66.7  60  129  278  598   Jefferson  St.  n/o  Fred  Waring  70.4  107  230  496  1,068   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Fred  Waring  &  Miles  71.8  132  284  613  1,320   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Miles  &  Westward  Ho  Dr  72.2  141  304  654  1,409   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Westward  Ho  Dr  &  Hwy  111  72.2  140  302  651  1,402   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Hwy  111  &  Avenue  48  72.1  139  299  645  1,389   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Avenue  48  &  Avenue  50  72.7  151  326  702  1,513   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Avenue  50  &  Avenue  52  71.1  119  256  551  1,186   Jefferson  St.  btwn  Avenue  52  &  Avenue  54  70.7  111  239  516  1,112   Madison  St.  btwn  Avenue  50  &  Avenue  52  70.4  107  231  497  1,071   Madison  St.  btwn  Avenue  54  &  Airport  Blvd  72.0  136  292  629  1,355   Madison  St.  btwn  Airport  Blvd  &  Avenue  58  70.8  113  244  527  1,134   Madison  St.  btwn  Avenue  58  &  Avenue  60  68.2  76  164  354  762   Monroe  St.  btwn  Avenue  52  &  Avenue  54  70.4  106  228  492  1,060   Monroe  St.  btwn  Avenue  54  &  Airport  Blvd  70.6  110  237  510  1,099   Jackson  St.  btwn  Avenue  54  &  Airport  Blvd  70.0  101  217  467  1,006   Jackson  St.  btwn  Airport  Blvd  &  Avenue  58  70.2  103  221  476  1,026   Jackson  St.  btwn  Avenue  58  &  Avenue  60  69.5  93  199  429  925   Jackson  St.  btwn  Avenue  60  &  Avenue  62  68.3  77  166  358  770   Van  Buren  St.  btwn  Avenue  52  &  Avenue  54  70.0  101  217  467  1,006   Van  Buren  St.  btwn  Avenue  54  &  Airport  Blvd  69.0  86  185  399  859   Van  Buren  St.  btwn  Airport  Blvd  &  Avenue  58  69.3  90  195  419  904   Van  Buren  St.  btwn  Avenue  58  &  Avenue  60  69.4  91  196  422  908   Van  Buren  St.  btwn  Avenue  60  &  Avenue  62  65.8  52  113  243  523   Harrison  St.  btwn  Airport  Blvd  &  Avenue  58  73.7  176  378  815  1,756   Avenue  44  e/o  Washington  St  72.0  136  292  629  1,356   Miles  Ave.  e/o  Washington  St  66.6  59  127  274  590   Hwy  111  e/o  Washington  St  75.4  230  496  1,068  2,301   Hwy  111  e/o  Adams  St  74.2  191  411  885  1,906     NOISE   IV-­‐11     Table  IV-­‐4  (cont’d)   Build  Out  Noise  Levels      Distance  to  Contour  (Feet)   Road  Segment   CNEL   at   100   Feet     (dBA   70   dBA     CNEL   65   dBA   CNEL   60   dBA   CNEL   55   dBA   CNEL   Hwy  111  e/o  Dune  Palms  75.2  223  481  1,036  2,233   Avenue  48  e/o  Washington  St  67.0  64  137  295  635   Avenue  48  w/o  Jefferson  St  70.0  100  215  464  999   Avenue  50  e/o  Washington  St  64.4  RW  91  197  424   Avenue  50  w/o  Jefferson  St  67.0  63  136  294  634   Avenue  50  e/o  Jefferson  St  69.7  96  207  447  962   Calle  Tampico   btwn  Eisenhower  Dr  &  Avenida   Bermudas  61.9  RW  62  134  289   Calle  Tampico   btwn  Avenida  Bermudas  &   Washington  St  64.7  RW  95  204  440   Avenue  52  w/o  Washington  St  66.7  60  130  280  603   Avenue  52  w/o  Jefferson  St  70.1  102  220  475  1,023   Avenue  52  e/o  Jefferson  St  69.7  95  206  443  955   Avenue  52  e/o  Madison  St  69.2  88  190  410  883   Avenue  54  e/o  Jefferson  St  69.9  98  212  457  984   Avenue  54  w/o  Madison  St  62.4  RW  67  145  312   Airport  Blvd.  e/o  Madison  St  67.3  66  141  304  656   Avenue  58  w/o  Monroe  St  63.8  RW  83  179  386   Avenue  58  e/o  Monroe  St  66.0  54  117  252  542   Avenue  60  e/o  Madison  St  64.9  46  99  213  460   Avenue  60  e/o  Monroe  St  65.3  RW  105  226  488   Avenue  62  btwn  Madison  St  &  Monroe  St  64.3  42  90  195  419   Avenue  62  e/o  Monroe  St  67.5  68  146  314  677   Avenue  62  e/o  Jackson  St  63.7  RW  82  178  383   Avenue  62  e/o  Van  Buren  St  60.1  RW  47  102  220     Most   new   residential   development   on   General   Plan   roads   will   be   located   between   35   and   65   feet  from   the   center   line   of   the   street   (depending  on  the  type  of  road  on  which  the  project  is  located).    Based   on  Table  IV-­‐4,  in  order  to  achieve  a  noise  level  of  65  dBA  CNEL  or  less,   noise   analysis   will   be   required   at   most   locations   to   assure   that   a   project’s  design  includes  noise  protection.       NOISE   IV-­‐12   Managing  Noise  Levels   Site  planning  and  design  standards,  including  the  use  of  buffer  zones,   building   orientation,  walls,   and   landscaping   between   sensitive   land   uses  and  roadways  are  the  most  common  and  easiest  ways  to  lessen   noise   levels.   As   new   noise-­‐sensitive   projects   are   developed   next   to   noisy  roads  throughout  the  City,  noise  impact  analyses  should  be  part   of  the  approval  process  to  assure  that  the  noise  environment  within   the  projects  is  acceptable.  These  analyses  will  be  individually  tailored  to   address  each  site  and  will  provide  noise  attenuation  best  suited  to  the   particular  situation  faced  by  each  project.  Such  analysis  is  critical  to   assuring  good  quality  of  life  for  City  residents.     The  most  effective  way  to  reduce  noise  is  by  installing  a  solid  barrier;   however,  noise  barriers  can  have  limitations.  To  reduce  noise  levels  by   5  dBA,  a  vegetative  barrier  must  be  at  least  15  feet  high,  100  feet  wide,   and  dense  enough  to  completely  obstruct  the  line-­‐of-­‐sight  between   the  noise  source  and  receiver.  For  a  block  wall  to  effectively  decrease   traffic  noise  levels  by  5  dB,  it  must  be  high  and  long  enough  to  block   the  view  of  the  road.     Construction  Noise   Most  construction  projects  require  the  use  of  heavy  equipment.  Heavy   equipment  can  generate  noise  ranging  from  68  dBA  to  over  100  dBA  at   a  distance  of  50  feet.  For  every  doubling  of  distance,  the  noise  level  is   reduced  by  about  6  dBA.  Heavy  equipment  operating  close  to  existing   sensitive  receptors,  however,  can  create  unacceptable  noise  levels  for   short  periods  of  time.  The  City  has  adopted  a  noise  ordinance  which   limits   construction   activities  in   order   to   reduce   the   potential   for   intrusive  noise   during   evenings,  weekends   and   holidays.   Future   development   proposals   should   be   required   to   analyze   construction   noise  if  the  project  is  proposed  next  to  existing  sensitive  receptors.     Airport  Noise   The  Jacqueline  Cochran  Regional  Airport  is  located  immediately  east  of   the  Sphere  of  Influence  and  accommodates  business  and  private  air   traffic.  In  the  future,  it  is  likely  that  activity  at  the  airport  will  increase.   One   of   the   airport’s   runways   is  constructed  on   a   north-­‐south   axis,   which  results  in  the  bulk  of  the  noise  occurring  north  and  south  of  the   runway,  as  shown  in  Exhibit  IV-­‐1.  The  other  runway  lies  on  a  northwest-­‐ southeast  axis,  and  noise  contours  along  this  runway  are  limited  to  the   immediate   vicinity   of   the   runway.  The   airport’s   noise   levels   are,   therefore,  not  expected  to  impact  areas  west  of  Harrison  Street,  which   defines  the  eastern  edge  of  the  City’s  Sphere  of  Influence.       NOISE   IV-­‐14     Bus  Stops  and  Bus  Routes   SunLine  Transit  Agency  operates  bus  routes  in  the  City.  The  current   routes  are  focused  on  Highway  111  and  Washington  Street,  and  they   connect  to  other  routes  which  provide  for  regional  travel  throughout   the  Valley.  As  the  City  and  the  region  grow,  demand  for  transit  service   will  increase,  and  SunLine  is  likely  to  expand  its  services  in  the  City.     Transit   buses   can   have   a   negative   noise   impact  –  their   brakes   and   engines   can   be  louder   than   typical   car   noise,   and  their   acceleration   from  bus  stops  can  be  noisy  if  the  stop  is  located  next  to  residential   development.  As  additional  bus  routes  are  developed,  and  sensitive   uses  are  proposed  next  to  bus  routes,  noise  analysis  will  be  needed  to   assure  that  transit  activities  do  no  raise  noise  levels  beyond  the  City’s   standards.     Truck  Routes   The  City  limits  truck  routes  by  maintaining  an  official  truck  route  map.   Although   the   map   is   updated   periodically,   it   generally   limits   truck   routes  to  major  roadways.  Although  heavy  trucks  occasionally  use  local   streets  to  access  delivery  addresses,  their  presence  on  major  roadways   does  not  significantly  change  the  existing  or  future  noise  environment.   As  with  bus  routes,  the  City  will  need  to  monitor  future  development   of  sensitive  receptors  on  major  roadways  to  assure  that  truck  noise   does  not  raise  noise  levels  beyond  the  City’s  standards.     Groundborne  Vibration   Groundborne   vibration   most   commonly   results   from   construction   equipment,  train  trips  and  heavy  truck  traffic.  Unlike  noise,  there  is  no   established   standard   to   measure   vibration.   Most   groundborne   vibration  in  La  Quinta  is  from  construction  activity  and  heavy  trucks,   since  there  are  no  train  tracks  in  the  City  or  its  Sphere  of  Influence.  In   the  long  term,  it  is  not  expected  that  additional  sources  of  vibration   will  develop  in  the  City.  Construction  equipment  and  heavy  trucks  can   cause  limited   and   short-­‐duration   vibrations;   however,  groundborne   vibration  is  not  expected  to  affect  the  City  signifi cantly.     PLANNING  FOR  THE  FUTURE   In  general,  the  City’s  current  land  use  patterns  buffer  sensitive  land   uses  from  high  noise  levels.  However,  as  the  City  and  Sphere  grow  in   the  future,  noise  impacts  will  need  to  be  carefully  considered.  This  is   particularly   true   of   any   area   where   Mixed   Use   development   is   considered  –  along  Highway  111  or  in  the  Village  –  where  there  may  be     NOISE   IV-­‐15   less  room  to  buffer  residential  uses  from  commercial  activities.    Careful   consideration   of   each   future   project   will   be   required   to   assure   that   compatibility  is  maintained.       The   City’s   ongoing   efforts   to   preserve   the   quality   of   life   for   all   its   residents,  present  and  future,  must  include  the  protection  of  a  quiet   noise  environment.       GOALS,  POLICIES  AND  PROGRAMS   GOAL  N-­‐1     A   healthful   noise  environment   which   complements   the   City’s   residential  and  resort  character.      Policy  N-­‐1.1   Noise  standards  in  the  City  shall  be  consistent  with  the  Community   Noise  and  Land  Use  Compatibility  scale  described  in  this  Element.      Program  N-­‐1.1.a:  Propose  to  City  Council  an  amendment  to  the   Municipal  Code  (Section  9.100.210)  to  allow  65  dBA  CNEL  for   sensitive  land  uses.      Program   N-­‐1.1.b:  Ensure   that   City   Building   Code   standards   include  interior  noise  level  standards  that  are  consistent  with   the  Community  Noise  and  Land  Use  Compatibility  scale.      Policy  N-­‐1.2   New   residential   development   located   adjacent   to   any   roadway   identified  in  Table  IV-­‐4  as  having  a  build  out  noise  level  in  excess  of  65   dBA  shall  continue  to  be  required  to  submit  a  noise  impact  analysis  in   conjunction   with   the   first   Planning   Department  application,   which   demonstrates  compliance  with  the  City’s  noise  standards.      Policy  N-­‐1.3   New   non-­‐residential   development   located   adjacent   to   existing   residential   development,  sensitive   receptors  or   residentially   designated  land,  shall  be  required  to  submit  a  noise  impact  analysis  in   conjunction   with   the   first   Planning   Department  application,   which   demonstrates   that   it   will   not  significantly   impact   the   adjacent   residential  development  or  residential  land.       NOISE   IV-­‐16   Program   N-­‐1.3.a:    Provide   accommodation   for   special   events   in   the   public  interest,  such  as  concerts  and  festivals,  which  may  temporarily   exceed  the  maximum  allowable  decibel  level.      Policy  N-­‐1.4   All   Mixed   Use   projects   shall   be   required   to  submit   a   noise   impact   analysis  in  conjunction  with  the  first  Planning  Department  application,   which  demonstrates  compliance  with  the  City’s  noise  standards.      Policy  N-­‐1.5   All   noise   impact   analysis   will   include,   at  a   minimum,   short-­‐term   construction  noise  and  noise  generated  by  the  daily  operation  of  the   project  at  build  out.      Policy  N-­‐1.6   The   City   may   require   remedial   noise   control   plans   and/or   improvements  for  areas  experiencing  noise  in  excess  of  adopted  City   standards.        Program  N-­‐1.6.a:  Remedial  improvements  will  be  included  in  the   Capital  Improvement  Program.      Policy  N-­‐1.7   Noise  impact  analysis  shall  be  included  in  all  City  Capital  Improvement   Plan   (CIP)   and   developer-­‐required  roadway   widening   projects   to   demonstrate  compliance  with  City  noise  standards.      Policy  N-­‐1.8   Maintain  a  truck  route  plan  restricting  truck  travel  to  arterial  roadways.     RELATED  GOALS   As  described  above,  this  Element  relates  to  others  in  this  General  Plan.   The   following   Goals  and   their   associated   policies   and   programs  are   closely  related  to  those  of  this  Element.     GOAL  LU-­‐1:  Land  use  compatibility  throughout  the  City.     GOAL  LU-­‐3:  Safe  and  identifiable  neighborhoods  that  provide  a  sense   of  place.     GOAL  OS-­‐2:  Good  stewardship  of  natural  open  space  and  preservation   of  open  space  areas.     NOISE   IV-­‐17     THIS  PAGE  INTENTIONALLY  LEFT  BLANK                     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐19           SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY     PURPOSE     The  Soils  and  Geology  Element  assesses  the  physical  characteristics  of   the  planning  area  and  the  community’s  overall  safety.    This  element   relates  to  a  variety  of  other  General  Plan  elements,  including  Land  Use,   Circulation,   Housing,  Economic   Development,   Public   Facilities,   Emergency  Services,  and  Water,  Sewer  and  Other  Public  Utilities.  Many   of  the  issues  addressed  in  this  element  also  directly  relate  to  those   considered  in  the  Flooding  and  Hydrology  Element.       California   Government  Code   and   Public   Resources   Code   require   the   inclusion  of  a  General  Plan  element  addressing  seismic  safety  issues.  As   set  forth  in  Government  Code  Section  65302(g),  the  General  Plan  is   required   to   consider   the   need   to   protect   the   community   from   unreasonable  risks  from  seismically  induced  hazards,  including  surface   rupture,   groundshaking,   ground   failure,   seiching,   dam   failure,   subsidence,  and  other  geologic  risks.       The  City  lies  within  the  most  severe  seismic  shaking  zone,  Zone  4,  as   defined  in  Chapter  2-­‐23,  Part  2,  Title  24  of  the  Administrative  Code.   Jurisdictions   in   Zone   4   must   identify   all   potentially   hazardous   or   substandard   buildings,   and   programmatically   mitigate   potential   hazards  associated  with  such  structures.       BACKGROUND     Geologically,   the   planning  area   is   diverse   and   relatively   young.   It   is   subject   to   a   variety   of   complex,   on-­‐going   geologic  and  seismic  processes  and  hazards,  including   continuing  uplift  of  the  San  Jacinto  and  Santa  Rosa   Mountains   to   the   west,   and   seismic-­‐related   subsidence   (gradual  settling)   of   the   Coachella   Valley.             SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐20   The  following  discussions  summarize  the  soil  types  and  conditions,  and   associated  geotechnical  and  seismic  hazards  that  should  be  considered   in  future  planning  for  La  Quinta.    This  discussion  is  intended  to  provide   an  overview;  additional  technical  information  and  specific  mitigation   measures   are   provided   in   the   Environmental   Impact   Report   for   this   General  Plan.     Seismic  Hazards   Most  of  Southern  California  is  located  at  the  boundary  between  the   North   American   and   Pacific   tectonic   plates,   which   are   moving   past   each  other  at  varying  rates.  The  boundary  between  these  two  plates  is   marked  by  the  San  Andreas  Fault,  which  occurs  approximately  4  miles   north  of   the   City.   Approximately   60   to   70   percent   of   the   plate   movement   occurs   along   the   San   Andreas   Fault.   The   remainder   is   distributed   among   other   faults   within   the   San   Andreas   system   and   those  associated  with  the  Eastern  California  Shear  Zone.  The  southern   California   region   and   the   planning   area   are,  therefore,  in   an   area   susceptible  to  strong  seismic  activity.         Measuring  Seismic  Events   The  seismic  energy  released  when  an  earthquake  occurs  is  measured  in   terms  of  intensity  and  magnitude.  The  intensity  of  ground  shaking  is   determined  by  several  factors,  including  the  earthquake’s  magnitude,   distance   from   the   epicenter,   and   soil   and   rock   composition.     Seismologists  have  used  a  variety  of  scales  to  measure  earthquakes.        Modern   Mercalli   Intensity   (MMI)   scale  is   the   most   common   measure  of  seismic  intensity.  It  defines  earthquakes  in  terms  of   damage  along  a  continuum  of  12  levels,  based  on  observable   damage  to  structures  and  human  responses  to  earthquakes.        Seismic   Moment   (Mw)   Measure  is   currently   favored   by   seismologists,  and  correlates  earthquake  size  to  the  amount  of   energy  released  when  a  fault  ruptures.  A  one-­‐point  increase  in   magnitude  represents  a  32-­‐fold  increase  in  energy.        Maximum  Probable  Earthquake  (MPE)  is  the  largest  earthquake   likely  to  occur  on  a  fault  or  fault  segment  within  a  specified  time   period.  MPE  is  used  to  prepare  engineering  or  emergency  plans,   to  develop  design  parameters  and  safe  construction  practices,   and   to   prepare   policies   and   programs   regarding   potential   earthquake  hazards  and  impacts.         SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐21    Maximum  Magnitude  Earthquake  (Mmax)  is  a  value  assigned  by   the  California  Geological  Survey  which  represents  the  highest   magnitude  earthquake  a  fault  is  capable  of  producing  based  on   physical  limitations,  such  as  the  length  of  the  fault  or  segment.       Major  Faults  Affecting  the  Planning  Area   Potential   hazards   associated   with   earthquakes   can   range   from   significant  property  damage,  to  the  loss  of  public  services  and  facilities,   to  the  loss  of  life.  Strong  ground  shaking  has  the  greatest  potential  to   result  in  severe  impacts  in  La  Quinta.  Ground  shaking  may  cause  other   hazards   such   as   landslides,   structural   damage   or   destruction,   liquefaction,   and   settlement.     Such   events   can   also   result   in   fires,   hazardous  materials  releases,  and  disruption  of  essential  facilities  and   services   such   as   water,   sewer,   gas,   electric,   drainage,   and   transportation.  Flooding  can  result  from  dam  or  water  tank  failure.       The  most  significant  faults  with  the  potential  to  affect  the  General  Plan   area  are  described  below  and  illustrated  in  Exhibit  IV-­‐2.     San  Andreas  Fault  Zone:  considered  the  “Master  Fault”  in  Southern   California   based   on   frequency   and   magnitude   of   earthquakes   and   influence  over  seismic  hazards  in  the  area.        Passes   approximately   4   miles   northwest   of   the   General   Plan   area.      Extends  approximately  690  miles,  from  the  Salton  Sea  to  Cape   Mendocino  in  northern  California.      Last   major   earthquake   on   the   southern   portion:   Fort   Tejon   (1857),   magnitude   8.0;   the   largest   earthquake   reported   in   California.      Southern  San  Andreas  fault  estimated  to  have  a  59%  probability   of  causing  an  earthquake  of  at  least  magnitude  6.7  in  the  next   30  years.    Maximum  Magnitude  Earthquake  (Mmax)  potential  in  La  Quinta:   7.7  to  8.0  earthquake.      Shaking   intensity   could   range   from   moderate   to   strong   and   would   be   expected   to   result   in   moderate   to   heavy   damage,   especially  to  buildings  that  are  older  or  poorly  constructed.       San  Jacinto  Fault  Zone:  historically,  the  San  Jacinto  fault  has  produced   more   large   earthquakes   than   any   other   fault   in   southern   California.   None  have  been  as  large  as  the  1857  and  1906  earthquakes  on  the  San   Andreas  fault.         SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐22    Located  south  of  the  planning  area.    Comprises  the  western  margin  of  the  San  Jacinto  Mountains  via   a  series  of  closely  spaced  faults.        Extends   approximately   175   miles,   intersecting   with   the   San   Andreas   fault   in   San   Bernardino;   continues   south   of   the   U.S./Mexico  border  as  the  Imperial  fault.      Most   recent   surface-­‐rupturing   earthquakes   occurred   in   1968   along   the   Coyote   Creek   segment   and   in   1987   along   the   Superstition  Hills  segment.      All  segments  of  the  San  Jacinto  fault  have  an  average  of  31%   probability  of  rupturing  between  1994  and  2024.       Burnt   Mountain   Fault:  one   of   several   of   the   other   Eastern   Mojave   Shear  Zone  faults.  Unknown  until  1992,  when  a  ground-­‐surface  rupture   occurred  along  a  3.1-­‐mile-­‐length  of  this  fault  (most  likely  during  a  large   aftershock  of  the  Landers  earthquake).      Extends  approximately  13  miles.    Approximately  15  miles  north  of  La  Quinta  at  nearest  point.    Considered   capable   of   producing   a   magnitude   6.0   to   6.5   earthquake.       Elsinore   Fault   Zone:  major   right-­‐lateral   strike-­‐slip   fault   of   the   San   Andreas  fault  system  in  southern  California.      Extends  approximately  190  miles,  from  northern  Baja  California   to  the  Los  Angeles  Basin.      Divided,  from  south  to  north  into  seven  segments.    Closest  Elsinore  segment  to  La  Quinta,  approximately  39  miles   west  of  La  Quinta.      Probability  of  rupturing  in  a  magnitude  6.7  earthquake  in  the   next  30  years  approximately  11%.     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐24     PAGE  NUMBER  SPACER  -­‐  PULL  FROM  DOC     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐25   Seismically  Induced  Geotechnical  Hazards   Seismically  Induced  Ground  Shaking   Seismically  induced  ground  shaking  is  the  most  potentially  significant   geotechnical  hazard  to  the  La  Quinta  area.  As  discussed  above,  large   earthquakes  along  regional  faults,  including  the  San  Andreas  and  San   Jacinto  fault  zones,  have  the  potential  to  generate  moderate  to  severe   ground  shaking  in  the  planning  area.       Factors  that  determine  the  effects  of  ground  motion  and  the  degree  of   structural  damage  that  may  occur  include:      Intensity  of  the  earthquake.    Distance  between  epicenter  and  site.    Soil  and  bedrock  composition.    Depth  to  groundwater.    Presence   of   ridge   tops   (may   result   in   higher   localized   accelerations).      Building  design  and  other  criteria.       Local   agencies   use   a   variety   of   tools   to   assure   seismic   safety  in   structures,   including   the  California   Building   Code  and   Unreinforced   Masonry   Law.   These   are   further   discussed   under   Mitigation   of   Earthquake  Hazards,  below.       Liquefaction   Liquefaction  occurs  when  ground  shaking  of  relatively  long  duration   and  intensity  over  0.2  g  occurs  in  areas  of  loose,  unconsolidated  soils   with   relatively   shallow   groundwater   depths   (50   feet   or   less).    The   sudden  increase  in  water  pressure  in  pores  between  soil  grains  may   substantially   decrease   soil  shear   strength.   This   creates   a   condition   where  soil  takes  on  the  qualities  of  a  liquid  or  a  semi-­‐viscous  substance.       Liquefaction   can   result   in   ground   settlement,   ground   undulation,   lateral  spreading  or  displacement,  and  flow  failures.  Structures  may   sink  or  tilt  as  bearing  capacity  decreases,  causing  substantial  damage.     Areas  where  both  shallow  groundwater  and  soils  that  are  susceptible   to  liquefaction  occur  include  the  southeastern  part  of  the  city  and  the   entire  eastern  Sphere  of  Influence  area.  Liquefaction  potential  in  this   area  ranges  from  moderate,  where  groundwater  is  30  to  50  feet  below   the  surface,  to  high,  where  groundwater  is  found  30  feet  or  less  below   the  surface.  Exhibit  IV-­‐3,  Seismic  Hazards,  shows  areas  of  liquefaction   susceptibility  in  the  planning  area.       SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐26   Landslides  and  Rockfall     Landslides  and  rockfall  can  occur  when  unstable  slope  conditions  are   worsened   by   strong   ground   motion   caused   by   seismic   events.   Conditions   that   lead   to   landslide   vulnerability   include  high   seismic   potential;  rapid  uplift  and  erosion   that   creates   steep   slopes   and   deeply  incised  canyons;  folded  and   highly   fractured   rock;   and   rock   with   silt   or   clay   layers   that   are   inherently   weak.   Rockfall   and   rockslides   are   also   common   on   very  steep  slopes.     Landslides   have   been   recorded   after  periods  of  heavy  rainfall,  and   rockfall  has  been  associated  with   slope  failure  during  drier  periods.     Areas  where  development  is  located  below  hillsides,  mountain  slopes   and  steep  canyon  walls  are  considered  most  susceptible  to  rockfall.   This  includes  much  of  the  Cove  and  the  southwestern  edge  of  the  City,   which  is  surrounded  by  mountains  comprised  of  granitic  rock.       Exhibit  IV-­‐3,  Seismic  Hazards,  illustrates  where  the  highest  potential   exists  for  slope  instability.         Seismically  Induced  Settlement   Seismically  induced  settlement  can  occur  when  strong  ground  shaking   causes  soils  to  become  more  tightly  packed,  collapsing  pore  spaces,   and   reducing   the   soil   column   thickness.     Soils   that   are   loose   and   unconsolidated,  as  is  typical  of  young  alluvial  and  wind-­‐deposited  soils,   are  especially  subject  to  this  risk.  Fill  may  also  be  susceptible  if  not   properly  compacted  during  construction.       Areas  where  these  soils  (mapping  units  Qa,  Qa/Ql  and  Qs)  predominate   are   shown   on  Exhibit   IV-­‐4,   Geologic   Map,   and   include   much   of   the   valley  floor  throughout  the  northern  Sphere  of  Influence,  the  urban   core   of   the   City,   and   the   eastern   corporate   limits   and   Sphere-­‐of-­‐ Influence.       SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐28     PAGE  NUMBER  SPACER  -­‐  PULL  FROM  DOC     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐29   Seiche   Seiches  are  standing  wave  oscillations  (sloshing)  that  occur  in  enclosed   or  partially  enclosed  water  bodies  of  shallow  to  moderately  shallow   depth.  Seiches  may  occur  in  reservoirs,  lakes,  ponds,  and  swimming   pools.  Seiche  waves  typically  associated  with  seismic-­‐induced  ground   shaking  are  less  than  2  feet  high,  although  seiches  over  6.5  feet  have   been  reported.       In  the  planning  area,  there  are  numerous  lakes,  ponds,  and  reservoirs   that  may  be  subject  to  seiches  as  a  result  of  ground  shaking.    These   include  Lake  Cahuilla,  recharge  basins  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  La   Quinta,  and  smaller  golf  course  lakes  and  detention  basins.  Potential   damage  may  also  occur  from  seiches  in  water  storage  reservoirs.       Regulatory  Mitigation  of  Earthquake  Hazards     The   State   of   California   enacted   the  Alquist-­‐Priolo   Earthquake   Fault   Zoning   Act  in  1972  to   mitigate   the   hazard   of   fault   rupture   by   prohibiting   structures   intended   for   human   occupancy   from   being   located   across   the   trace   of   an   active   fault.   It  requires   the   State   Geologist  to  define  "Earthquake  Fault  Zones"  along  faults  that  show   evidence   of   active   surface   displacement.   The   Act   prohibits   local   jurisdictions  from  granting  development  permits  for  certain  types  of   development  on  sites  within  an  Earthquake  Fault  Zone  until  a  geologic   investigation  demonstrates  they  are  safe  from  surface  displacements   from  future  faulting.       There  are  no  Alquist-­‐Priolo  zoned  faults  in  the  City  of  La  Quinta  or  its   Sphere  of  Influence.    The  closest  zoned  fault  is  the  San  Andreas  fault  to   the  north  of  the  city  (also  please  see  Exhibit  IV-­‐2,  Faults  and  Historical   Seismicity  Map).             The  State  enacted  the  Seismic  Hazards  Mapping  Act  (SHMA)  in  1990.  It   addresses   non-­‐surface   earthquake   hazards   such   as   strong   ground   shaking,  liquefaction  and  seismically  induced  landslides.  It  is  intended   to   minimize   loss   of   life   and   property   by   identifying   and   mitigating   seismic   hazards.     The   California   Geological   Survey   (CGS)   is   primarily   responsible   for  its  implementation.   CGS   is   required   to   provide   local   governments   with   seismic   hazard   zone   maps   that   identify   areas   subject   to   liquefaction,   earthquake-­‐induced   landslides   and   other   ground   failures,   also   known   as   “zones   of   required   investigation.”   When   construction   projects   fall   within   these   areas,   site-­‐specific   geological  hazard  investigations  are  required  by  the  SHMA.       SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐30   There  are  currently  no  State-­‐issued,  official  seismic  hazard  zone  maps   for  La  Quinta  or  its  Sphere.       The  Seismic  Retrofitting  and  Unreinforced  Masonry  Law  was  enacted   by   the   State   in  1986,   and   requires   all   cities   and   counties   in   zones   designated   as   Seismic   Zone   4   to   identify   potentially   hazardous   unreinforced  masonry  (URM)  buildings  in  their  jurisdictions.       In  2006,  the  City  inventoried  URMs  and  reported  there  were  seven   historic   URMs   in   the   City.   Of   these,   five   have   been   retrofitted   in   compliance  with  the  City’s  mandatory  mitigation  program.  One  was  to   be   demolished,  and   one   had   neither   been   mitigated   nor   showed   progress  towards  mitigation.  Both  are  adobe  structures  located  on  the   grounds  of  the  La  Quinta  Resort.  The  City  Building  Department  has   reported  that   the   unmitigated   URMs  are   vacant   and  are  not   being   used.         Soils   There   are   seven   types   of   soil   units   that   have   been   mapped   in   the   planning  area:     1. Alluvial  sand  and  gravel  of  the  Whitewater  River  (Qg)   2. Windblown  sand  (wind-­‐lain  dune  sand)  (Qs)   3. Interbedded  lacustrine  (clay  of  valley  areas)  (Ql)   4. Alluvial  deposits  (sand  of  valley  areas)  (Qa)   5. Alluvial  fan  sand  and  gravel  deposits  (Qf)   6. Landslide  deposits  (Qls)   7. Quartz  diorite  (hard  crystalline  rock)  (Qd)     The  locations  of  these  soils  in  the  planning  area  are  shown  on  Exhibit   IV-­‐4,  Geologic  Map  of  the  Study  Area.     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐32       PAGE  NUMBER  SPACER  -­‐  PULL  FROM  DOC     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐33   Hazards  Associated  with  Soils     Landslides  and  Slope  Instability     Slope  failure  can  occur  on  steep  slopes,  and  development  at  their  base   is  at  risk  of  landslides,  surficial  failures,  soil  slip,  debris  flow,  and/or   rockfall.       The  planning  area  includes  significant  areas  of  hillside  terrain,  such  as   those   associated   with   the   Santa   Rosa   National   Monument.   Areas   subject  to  these  hazards  include  many  of  the  more  developed  areas  in   the  City,  which  are  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  mountains  that  pose   rockfall   hazard.     Earthquakes,   periods   of   intense   rainfall,   or   human   activities  associated  with  construction,  such  as  grading  and  blasting,   can  increase  these  hazards.         Compressible  Soils   Compressible  soils  are  geologically  young,  unconsolidated  soils  of  low   density  that   tend   to   compress   under   the   weight   of   proposed   fill   embankments  and  structures.       In  the  General  Plan  area,  areas  most  likely  to  contain  compressible  soils   include:      Valley  areas,  which  include  young  soil  deposits  associated  with   modern  and  pre-­‐historic  floodplains,  including  the  Whitewater   River,   which   are   overlain   with   wind-­‐blown   deposits   and   alluvium;    Hillside   areas,   especially   at   the   base   of   natural   slopes,   and   within  canyon  bottoms  and  swales;    Deep   fill   embankments,   normally   those   more   than   about   60   feet  deep,  which  may  compress  under  their  own  weight.       Collapsible  Soils   Collapsible   soils   are   associated   with   sediments   that   have   recently   accumulated   in   arid   or   semi-­‐arid   environments,   including   soils   commonly   associated   with   alluvial   fan   and   debris   flow   sediments   deposited  during  flash  floods,  which  are  typically  dry  and  contain  tiny   voids.  Under  some  conditions,  significant  settlement  can  occur  rapidly,   even   under   relatively   light   loads.   Irrigation,   especially   near   building   foundations,  or  a  rise  in  the  groundwater  table  can  lead  to  differential   settlement  of  buildings  or  structures,  causing  walls  and  foundations  to   crack.         SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐34   In  the  General  Plan  area,  this  hazard  may  pose  a  localized  risk  where   young   alluvial   and   wind-­‐deposited   sediments   occur.  The   La   Quinta   Engineering  Department  has  prepared  a  bulletin  (available  on  the  City’s   website)   that   identifies  portions   of  the   General   Plan   area   that   are   susceptible  to  collapsible  soils.  The  bulletin  establishes  supplemental   guidance   for   preparing   site-­‐specific   geotechnical   reports   as   they   pertain  to  collapsible  soils.     Expansive  Soils     Expansive  soils  are  soils  containing  fine-­‐grained  materials  such  as  silts   and  clays  in  varying  amounts.  With  changes  in  moisture  content,  clay   minerals   can   shrink   or   swell,   creating   pressure   that   may   affect   structures  or  other  surface  improvements.       In  the  General  Plan  area,  soils  on  the  valley  floor  include  alluvial  sand   and  gravel  with  fine-­‐grained  lakebed  deposits  such  as  silts  and  clays.   Once   graded,   the   expansion   characteristics   of   these   soils   can   vary   widely.  Engineered  fills  that  include  expansive  soils  near  the  finished   surface  may  result  in  damage.       Corrosive  Soils   Corrosive  soils  occur  as  a  result  of  various  complex  electrochemical   and   bacteriological   processes   between   soil   and   buried   metallic   structures,   such   as   water   mains   or   elements   within   building   foundations.   Reactions   depend   on   a   variety   of   factors,   including   structure   type   and   soil   characteristics.   Valley   areas   may   contain   sediments  that  are  corrosive  to  metallic  objects,  such  as  reinforcing   steel  and  pipelines.         Ground  Subsidence   Subsidence   is   generally   caused   by  human   activity,  such   as   the   extraction   of   groundwater,   oil   or   gas   in   sediment-­‐filled   valleys   and   floodplains.  Natural  forces,  such  as  earthquake  movements,  can  also   result  in  subsidence.       Regional   subsidence   can   result   in   earth   fissures,   sinkholes   or   depressions,  and  surface  drainage  disruption.    It  can  cause  damage  to   pipelines,  canals,  levees,  wells,  buildings,  roadways  and  railroads  and   other  improvements.       In  the  presence  of  clay  and  silt,  removal  of  groundwater  can  cause   irreversible   subsidence   and  surface   fissures   and   cracks.   The   only   recorded  fissures  in  the  Coachella  Valley  occurred  in  La  Quinta  in  1948,   near  the  base  of  the  Santa  Rosa  Mountains,  at  the  south  end  of  the     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐35   City.  Fissures  and  differential  displacement  are  more  likely  to  occur  at   the  edge  of  the  Valley  floor,  where  it  meets  the  mountains.     Monitoring  conducted  by  the  US  Geological  Survey  (USGS),  CVWD  and   others  shows  that  subsidence  rates  in  the  Coachella  Valley  have  been   increasing   rapidly   over   the   past   several   decades.  CVWD   has   implemented   a   variety   of   measures,   such   as   groundwater   recharge,   imported  water,  and  water  conservation  techniques  and  programs  to   minimize  the  extraction  of  groundwater.       Erosion   Erosion  is  influenced  by  a  variety  of  factors:  climate,  topography,  soil   and  rock  types,  and  vegetation.  During  intense  storms,  high  rates  of   erosion  can  occur  as  soil  and  rock  in  the  foothills  travel  to  the  valley   floor.  Risk  of  erosion  is  increased  by  wildfires,  which  strip  slopes  of   vegetation  and  leave  them  susceptible  to  erosion.  In  the  planning  area,   canyon   bottoms   and   areas   within   the   valley   that   contain   unconsolidated  soils  are  most  vulnerable.       Human   activities   hasten   natural   erosion,   as   they  remove   protective   vegetation,  alter  natural  drainage  patterns,  and  compact  soils.  Cut  and   fill   slopes   may   be   more   susceptible   than   naturalized   slopes.   Development   also   reduces   the   surface   area   available   for   water   to   percolate,   thereby   increasing   risk   of   flooding   and   downstream   sedimentation.       In  La  Quinta  and  Riverside  County,  development  plans  for  new  projects   must  incorporate  temporary  and  permanent  erosion  control  measures.     All  development  projects  over  one  acre  in  size  must  obtain  coverage   under   the   City’s   General   Construction   permit,   which   includes   preparation  of  a  Stormwater  Pollution  Prevention  Plan  (SWPPP)  and   Best  Management  Practices  (BMPs)   for   pre-­‐,   during   and   post-­‐ construction   erosion   prevention   and  control.       Wind  Erosion   Wind   transports   and  re-­‐deposits   soil,   thereby   damaging   land   and   natural   vegetation.   Wind   erosion   commonly  occurs  in  areas  that  are   flat  and  bare,  dry  and  sandy,  or  in   areas   with   loose,   dry,   finely   granulated   soil.   Effects  of   wind     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐36   erosion  include  soil  loss  and  the  deterioration  of  soil  structure,  dryness,   loss  of  nutrients  and  productivity,  air  pollution,  and  sediment  transport   and  deposition.       Many   areas   in   the   Coachella   Valley   are   subject   to   varying   levels   of   hazards  associated  with  wind-­‐blown  sand.  A  variety  of  conditions  that   are   conducive   to   creating   and   transporting   sand   exist   in   the   valley,   including  the  orientation  of  hill  and  mountain  masses,  nature  of  the   bedrock,   location   of  the   Whitewater   River   floodplain,  slope   and   orientation  of  the  valley  floor,  and  the  hot,  arid  climate  and  sparse   vegetation.     Wind  and  wind-­‐blown  sand  can  result  in  damage  to  structures  and  cars,   poor  visibility,  road  closures,  and  general  degradation  of  air  quality.   Health   problems   associated   with   wind   and   blowing   sand   include   allergies  and  respiratory  irritation,  eye  infections,  and  skin  disorders.     The   Coachella   Valley   region   is   particularly   affected   by   particulate   matter   less   than   10   microns   in   diameter,   known   as   PM10,   that   can   directly  irritate  lung  tissues  and  result  in  serious  health  problems.  The   Coachella  Valley  State  Implementation  Plan  (adopted  2003)  has  been   effective  in  reducing  the  concentration  of  PM10  in  the  valley.  (Please   refer  to  the  Air  Quality  Element  for  more  information  on  PM10.)     Except  for  protected  areas  near  the  base  of  the  Santa  Rosa  Mountains,   most   of   the   planning   area   is   located   within  an   active   Wind   Erosion   Zone.    Sediments  subject  to  erosion  underlie  the  northern  portion  of   the  City.  Please  see  Exhibit  IV-­‐5,  Wind  Erosion  Susceptibility  Map.   NOTES This map is lMendes for gznerzl laM use planning only. nfwmalonon Nlsmapism wrrrmMoa mau lWtebdNllalgekVclnv0rlgallomollndlvidualar6, mr& nvrishtWwaluaionmluirerenlssa MhIn�Wcl nHmplati . the cuwy t IMttretl m (ECI) is irorepeae ii nawashall. aMing theaccurac,rc r ara r,, d,h l,iMi werederimi E l,wco rhe tial umairycircrm tW kr,nyanal,i mr staler,Irt'Ionwc md,oraenual p magi uss, rf hemi o anyclaim byairy rrer wrM1iN Ivnyonaccwnol, orarising hom,rMrceotrM16map. r -I L J TERRA NOVA® Planning It Research, Inc. City of La Quinta General Plan Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map La Quinta, California Legend Wind Erodibility Rating Very high High Moderate Low Not rated or not available Weather Station La Quinta City Boundary / La Quinta Sphere of Influence N 6000 0 6000 Feet W+ E 2000 0 2000 Mew. $ Scale: 1:72,000 Base Map: USGS Topogmphic Map from SurelMAI'S RASTER, 1997. Source: modified from NaWral Resources Conservation Service Wind Emdibiity Group - Riverside County, Coachella Valley Area. Earth Consultants International 9t project Number: 3004 Date: 2010 Exhibit IV -5 l r -I L J TERRA NOVA® Planning It Research, Inc. City of La Quinta General Plan Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map La Quinta, California Legend Wind Erodibility Rating Very high High Moderate Low Not rated or not available Weather Station La Quinta City Boundary / La Quinta Sphere of Influence N 6000 0 6000 Feet W+ E 2000 0 2000 Mew. $ Scale: 1:72,000 Base Map: USGS Topogmphic Map from SurelMAI'S RASTER, 1997. Source: modified from NaWral Resources Conservation Service Wind Emdibiity Group - Riverside County, Coachella Valley Area. Earth Consultants International 9t project Number: 3004 Date: 2010 Exhibit IV -5   SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐38         PAGE  NUMBER  SPACER  -­‐  PULL  FROM  DOC     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐39   PLANNING  FOR  THE  FUTURE   Local  seismic  and  geotechnical  conditions  will  continue  to  necessitate   careful  land  use  planning  to  protect  the  health  and  safety  of  residents   and   their   property.     The   implementation   and   enforcement   of   regulations  and  guidelines  such  as  the  Alquist-­‐Priolo  Earthquake  Fault   Zoning  act,  CEQA  Statutes  and  Guidelines,  California  Building  Code,  City   zoning   ordinance,   and   other   applicable   legislation   will   help   manage   hazards  discussed  in  this  Element.         As  development  in  the  area  continues  to  occur,  it  will  be  increasingly   important  for  the  City  to  closely  coordinate  with  state,  regional  and   county  agencies  to  update  information  databases  of  geotechnical  and   seismic   conditions   in   the   region.   Through   the   development   review   process,  the  City  must  ensure  that  development  proposals  are  subject   to   comprehensive   geotechnical   and   safety   assessments   prior   to   approval,  and  that  all  necessary  mitigation  measures  are  implemented.         Public   education   will   continue   to   be   an   important   means   to   inform   residents  on  how  to  reduce  potential  losses  from  geotechnical  hazards   while  preparing  for  possible  future  disaster  scenarios.       GOALS,  POLICIES  AND  PROGRAMS   GOAL  GEO-­‐1     Protection  of  the  residents’  health  and  safety,  and  of  their  property,   from  geologic  and  seismic  hazards.      Policy  GEO-­‐1.1     The   City   shall   maintain   and   periodically   update   an   information   database   and   maps   that   identify   local   and   regional   geologic   and   seismic  conditions.      Program   GEO-­‐1.1.a:  The   City   shall   periodically   confer   with   the   California   Division   of   Mines  and   Geology,   Riverside   County,   neighboring   communities,   and   other   appropriate   agencies   to   improve  and  routinely  update  the  database.      Policy  GEO-­‐1.2   The  City  shall  continue  to  require  that  development  in  areas  subject  to   rockfall,   landslide,   liquefaction   and/or   other   geotechnical   hazards   described  in  this  Element,  prepare  detailed  geotechnical  analyses  that     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐40   include  mitigation  measures  intended  to  reduce  potential  hazards  to   less  than  significant  levels.        Policy  GEO-­‐1.3   The  City  shall  require  that  development  in  areas  subject  to  collapsible   or   expansive   soils   conduct   soil   sampling   and   laboratory   testing   and   implement  mitigation  measures  that  minimize  such  hazards.        Program   GEO-­‐1.3.a:  The   Building   and   Safety   Department   shall   review   and   determine   the   adequacy   of  soils   and/or   other   geotechnical  studies   conducted   for   proposed   projects   and   enforce  the  implementation  of  mitigation  measures.        Policy  GEO-­‐1.4   The  City  shall  require  that  all  new  structures  be  built  in  accordance  with   the  latest  adopted  version  of  the  Building  Code.        Policy  GEO-­‐1.5   The  City  shall  continue  to  require  that  structures  that  pose  a  safety   threat  due  to  inadequate  seismic  design  are  retrofitted  or  removed   from  use,  according  to  law.      Policy  GEO-­‐1.6   The  City  shall  coordinate  and  cooperate  with  public  and  quasi-­‐public   agencies  to  ensure  that  major  utilities  continue  to  be  functional  in  the   event  of  a  major  earthquake.      Program  GEO-­‐1.6.a:  The  City  shall  maintain  working  relationships   and   strategies   between   the   Public   Works   Department,   utility   providers,   and   other   appropriate   agencies   to   strengthen   or   relocate  utility  facilities  and  take  other  appropriate  measures  to   safeguard  major  utility  distribution  systems.       RELATED  GOALS   As  described  above,  this  Element  relates  to  others  in  this  General  Plan.   The  following  Goals,  and  their  associated  policies  and  programs,  are     closely  related  to  those  of  this  Element.     GOAL   FH-­‐1:  Protection   of   the   health,   safety   and   welfare   of   the   community  from  flooding  and  hydrological  hazards.     SOILS  AND  GEOLOGY   IV-­‐41   THIS  PAGE  INTENTIONALLY  LEFT  BLANK         FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐43           FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY     PURPOSE   The  Flooding  and  Hydrology  Element  describes  potential  drainage  and   flooding  hazards  in  the  City  and  its  Sphere  of  Influence,  as  well  as  the   future  potential  for  major  flooding.       Other  General  Plan  elements  are  related  to  Flooding  and  Hydrology.   The  Soils  and  Geology  Element  is  the  most  closely  related,  as  the  City’s   flooding  patterns  are  controlled  by  its  soils  and  geology.  Other  related   elements  include  Hazardous  Materials  and  Circulation.  The  Land  Use   Element,  by  which  land  uses  such  as  open  space,  developed  areas,  and   essential  public  facilities,  are  designated  and  located  is  also  affected  by   flooding  issues.       There  are  a  number  of  State  regulations  and  policies  that  require  the   City   and   local   and   regional   agencies   (including  the  Coachella   Valley   Water  District  and   Riverside   County   Flood   Control   and   Water   Conservation  District)  to  analyze  and  provide  protection  from  flooding   hazards  in  the  community.    The  joint  planning  of  area-­‐wide  drainage   plans   affecting   local   jurisdictions   is   required   by   Chapter   73  of   the   Statutes  of  California  (1939).    Government  Code  Section  8401(c),  also   known  as  the  Cobey-­‐Alquist  Flood  Plain  Management  Act,  mandates   local   government   planning,   adoption   and   enforcement   of   land   use   regulations  for  flood  plain  management.    The  Cobey-­‐Alquist  Act  also   sets  forth  requirements  for  state  financial  assistance  for  flood  control   measures.  Mapping   of   areas   susceptible   to   dam   inundation   is   established   by   California   Government   Code   Sections   8589.5   and   65302(g).       BACKGROUND   The  desert  climate   of  the   Coachella   Valley  is   generally  characterized  by  mild  winters  and  hot,   dry   summers.   However,   the   proximity   of   mountain  ranges,  including  the  San  Jacinto   and   Santa   Rosa   Mountains,   and     FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐44   associated   climatic   zones   affect   regional   conditions.   Flooding   can   result  from  rapid  melting  of  mountain  snowpack,  as  well  as  occasional   intense   thunderstorms.   The   latter   occur   most   frequently   during   the   winter  months,  between  November  and  April,  but  may  also  happen  as   monsoon   storms   during   the   summer   and   early   fall   (July  through   September).    Storms  are  generally  of  short  duration  but  may  result  in   several  inches  of  rainfall  in  localized  areas.         Surrounding  mountains  average  over  25  inches  annually,  as  compared   with  3  inches  in  the  Valley,  including  the  La  Quinta  planning  area.  Even   when  the  Valley  does  not  receive  rain,  runoff  from  mountain  slopes   can  cause  flooding,  as  well  as  mud  and  debris  flows.  Rapid  rainfall  can   quickly  saturate  dry  soils,  impeding  percolation  and  increasing  runoff.       Hydrological  Conditions  and  Flood  Hazards   The  valley  floor  is  comprised  of  a  broad,  gently  sloping  basin  formed  by   alluvial   fans   which   have   been   created   from   the   deeply   chiseled   mountain  canyons  of  the  Santa  Rosa  Mountains,  the  Whitewater  River   floodplain,   and   sediments   of   prehistoric  lakes.   Much   of   the   development   in   the   City   and   its   Sphere   occurs   on   the   valley   floor,   including   that  portion  which   lies   along   the   base   of   the   Santa   Rosa   Mountains  in  the  western  portion  of  the  City.     Flooding   is   a   recurring,   natural   event.   Floodplains   are  meant   to   carry   excess   waters   during   flooding.   Floodplains   can   also  be  useful  for  a  variety  of  human  uses,   such   as   agriculture   and   water   supply.   However,  flooding  becomes  a  hazard  when   man-­‐made   structures   encroach   into   floodplains.  Worldwide,  floods  are  among   the   most   destructive   and   costly   of   all   natural  disasters,  resulting  in  more  deaths   per  year  than  any  other  geologic  hazard.         There   are   two   primary   classifications   of   flooding   that   occur   in   the   planning   area:   flash  floods  that  occur  along  natural  or  man-­‐made  channels,  and  sheet   flooding  across  the  valley  floor.    Flash  floods  are  brief  but  result  in  high   water  volumes  and  velocities.    Because  mountain  slopes  are  comprised   of  impervious  rock,  little  percolation  occurs,  and  waters  collect  and   flow  rapidly  into  channels  on  the  valley  floor.  These  flows  can  convey   large  amounts  of  debris  including  mud,  sand  and  rock.           FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐45   When  either  flood  control  channels  do  not  exist,  an  existing  channel’s   capacity  is  exceeded,  or  channels  are  impacted  by  debris  or  structures,   storm   waters   travel   across   the   valley   floor,   creating   the   condition   known  as  sheet  flow.         Buildings,   sidewalks,   parking   lots,   and   roadways   reduce   the   area   available  for  natural  infiltration  of  storm  water.    Water  that  formerly   would  have  been  absorbed  may  run  off  if  new  development  does  not   provide  effective  storm   handling  systems.     Given   that   surrounding   mountain   slopes   generally   receive   greater   levels   of   rainfall,   development  downstream  of  canyons  and  at  the  base  of  mountains   may  be  at  particular  risk.         Stream  Flow  and  Flood  Hazard   There  are  no  perennial  rivers  or  streams  in  La  Quinta.  Although  well-­‐ defined  in  the  mountains,  on  the  valley  floor  most  natural  drainage   channels  disperse  into  braided,  ephemeral  streams  and  areas  of  sheet   flow.       The  Whitewater  River  is  the  main  watercourse  in  the  valley.  It  collects  a   watershed  of  more  than  1,000  square  miles,  draining  runoff  from  the   San   Bernardino,   Little   San   Bernardino,   San   Jacinto   and   Santa   Rosa   Mountains.       From   its   source   near   the   San   Gorgonio   Pass,   it   flows   southeasterly,   ultimately   ending   at   the   Salton   Sea.     Throughout   the   City,   the   Whitewater   is   conveyed   through   a   man-­‐made   channel   known   as   the   Coachella  Valley  Stormwater   Channel.     Based   on   historical   records   collected  by  the  Army  Corps   of   Engineers,   multiple   large   flood  events  occurred  in  the   Whitewater   River   basin   throughout  the  1800s.    There   were  also  damaging   floods   throughout  the  20th  century,   with  more  recent  ones  occurring  in  1965,  1966,  1969,  and  1976.    The   maximum   flood   of   record   occurred   in   1965   in   the   lower  Coachella   Valley,  where  flood  flows  exceeded  10,000  cubic  feet  per  second  (cfs).       FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐46   Flooding  is  typically  defined  in  terms  of  the  “100-­‐year  flood.”  The  100-­‐ year   flood  is   the   level   of   flood   water   expected   to   be   equaled   or   exceeded  every  100  years,  on  average.    In  other  words,  it  has  a  one   percent  probability  of  occurring  in  a  given  year.     Seismically  Induced  Flooding       Flooding  can  occur  when  water  retention  and  storage  structures  fail  as   a  result  of  earthquakes.  Such  structures  may  include  dams,  levees,  and   above-­‐ground  water  tanks.       Dam  Failure     The  California  State  Water  Code,  Division  3,  contains  safety  statutes   governing   dams.   The   California   Office   of   Emergency   Services   has   determined   that   the   City   of   La   Quinta   is   not   at   risk   from   potential   inundation  from  any  existing  dams.     Levee  Failure     The   Coachella   Valley   Stormwater   Channel,   the   Coachella   Canal   and   Lake   Cahuilla   are   protected   by   levees.   In   the   event   of   a   severe   earthquake,  there  is  potential  for  lateral  spreading  of  foundation  soils.   Lateral  spreading  is  a  condition  where  underlying  soils  move  sideways   as   a   result   of   strong  ground   shaking   (also   see   Soils   and  Geology   Element)  and  underlying  soils  becoming  liquefied  or  fractured.  Under   these  conditions,  levee  systems  could  sustain  damage  or  fail  entirely.   While  there  are  no  existing  engineering  analyses  demonstrating  the   potential   inundation   area   of   the   Coachella   Canal   or   Lake   Cahuilla,   complete  failure  of  these  levees  would  impact  development  directly   downstream.         Portions   of   the   Coachella   Valley   Stormwater   Channel  (Whitewater   River)  are  concrete-­‐lined  and  buried  under  sand  for  protection.  These   levees  are  subject  to  erosion  as  well  as  damage  from  strong  ground   shaking   due   to   an   earthquake.   They   are   periodically   maintained   by   CVWD.   They   are   further   discussed   under   Flood   Control   Measures,   below.   The  portion   of   the   Channel   that  passes   through   the   City   between  Jefferson  Street  and  Miles  Avenue  deviates  from  the  natural   watercourse.   Based   on   flood   insurance   studies   conducted   by   the   Federal  Emergency  Management  Agency  (FEMA),  there  is  potential  for   a  “breakout”  along  this  reach  of  the  river  during  a  100-­‐year  storm.  Such   a  breakout  could  result  in  50%  loss  of  channel  capacity  and  flooding   within  a  portion  of  the  City’s  northeast  Sphere-­‐of-­‐Influence,  as  well  as   in  the  cities  of  Indio  and  Coachella.         FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐47   Seiching     Ground   shaking   during   earthquakes   can   result   in   seiching,   or   water   sloshing,  in  open  bodies  of  water.  Lake  Cahuilla,  local  canals,  above-­‐ ground  storage  tanks,  detention  basins,  and  even  swimming  pools  may   be  subject  to  seiching  during  earthquakes.    Seiching  may  cause  water   to  overtop  or  damage  containment  structures,  resulting  in  inundation   of  downslope  development.       Failure  of  Above-­‐Ground  Storage  Tanks   Strong  ground  shaking  can  cause  structural  damage  to  above-­‐ground   water   storage   tanks,   particularly   where   tanks   are   not   adequately   braced  and  baffled.  Pipes  leading  to  the  tank  may  be  sheared  off  and   water  released.  The  1992  Big  Bear  and  1994  Northridge  earthquakes   led  to  revised  design  standards  for  steel  water  tanks,  which  now  utilize   flexible   joints   at   connection   points   to   allow   for   movement   in   all   directions.       Hazards  associated  with  damage  to  water  tanks  include  inundation  of   structures   down-­‐slope  and  reduction   of   potable   water   supplies   for   emergency  services,  such  as  fire  protection.  Therefore,  evaluating  and   retrofitting  tanks  to  ensure  their  structural  reliability  in  the  event  of  an   earthquake  is  crucial.  Water  supplies  in  reservoirs  should  also  be  kept   at  or  near  capacity.     The  Coachella  Valley  Water  District  (CVWD)  reports  that  there  are  ten   water   reservoirs   in   La   Quinta   with   a   total   capacity   of   44.3   million   gallons.   All   are   constructed   of   welded   steel   to   current   seismic   standards,  as  well  as  those  established  by  the  American  Water  Works   Association.         Bridge  Scour   Scour  occurs  along  roadway  and  railroad  bridges  when  erosion  occurs   and  undermines  foundation  supports  such  as  abutments  or  piers.  In   California,   this   condition   is   addressed   through  a  seismic  retrofit  program  that   includes   inspection   of   bridge   underpinnings.    Washington  Street  and   Jefferson   Street   are   the   two   main   Whitewater  River  crossings  in  the  City;   these   are   all-­‐weather   crossings.   Additionally,   construction   of   the   Adams   Street   bridge  over   the   Whitewater  River  began  in  2011  and  is     FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐48   expected  to  be  completed  in  late  2013.  This  will  provide  a  third  all-­‐ weather  crossing  over  the  channel.     Across  the  La  Quinta  Evacuation  Channel,  the  Eisenhower  Drive  and   Washington  Street  crossings  are  all-­‐weather  flood  channel  crossings.   During  and  after  flooding,  the  City  inspects  these  crossings  for  scour   damage.       There  are  also  three  crossings  over  the  Coachella  Branch  of  the  All-­‐ American  Canal,  which  is  used  for  irrigation  purposes.  These  occur  at   Avenue  50,  Avenue  52,  and  Jefferson  Street  south  of  Avenue  52.    The   Coachella  Valley  Water  District  (CVWD)  strictly  manages  flows  through   the   canal,  and   it   is   not  used   as   a   flood   control   mechanism.   These   crossings   are   expected   to   remain   passable   during   storm  events;   however,  they  should  be  inspected  periodically.     Regional  Stormwater  Management   The  Riverside  County  Flood  Control  and  Water  Conservation  District   (RCFC)  is  responsible  for  analysis  and  design  of  regional  flood  control   structures.  Regional  facilities  are  those  that  collect  runoff  from  areas   outside  the  City,  including  surrounding  mountains,  and  are  managed  by   the  Coachella  Valley  Water  District  (CVWD).  CVWD  is  empowered  with   broad   flood   control   management   responsibilities,   which   include   planning,  maintenance  and  construction  of  improvements  for  regional   facilities.  In  the  planning  area,  regional  facilities  include  the  Coachella   Valley   Stormwater   Channel   (Whitewater   River),   the   La   Quinta   Evacuation   Channel,   the   Bear   Creek   System,   the   East   La   Quinta   Channel  and  Lake  Cahuilla.         Local  Drainage  Management   The  City  is  responsible  for  maintenance  of  local  facilities,  which  collect   and   convey   runoff   from   local   streets   and   properties   to   regional   channels  and  basins.  The  City  has  recently  updated  its  Master  Drainage   Plan,   which   describes   existing   and   planned   local   facilities.  The   City   utilizes   it   to   manage   and   document   the   location   and   condition   of   existing  stormwater  management  facilities.  It  has  also  been  used  to   obtain  FEMA  Letters  of  Map  Revision  for  some  flood  areas.       Flood  Control  Facilities   The  following  describes  major  flood  control  facilities  in  the  planning   area.  The  locations  of  these  facilities  are  shown  on  Exhibit  IV-­‐6,  FEMA   Flood  Zones  and  Flood  Control  Facilities.       FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐49     Whitewater  River/Coachella  Valley  Stormwater  Channel   As  previously  discussed,  the  Coachella  Valley  Stormwater  Channel  is   the  principal  drainage  course  in  the  City.    Although  typically  dry,  it  may   become   inundated   during   storm   events.   The   Channel   extends   approximately  50  miles  with  an  average  cross  section  of  260  feet.  It  is   unlined  in  most  locations,  and  portions  of  it  are  protected  by  levees.   This  watercourse  generally  follows  the  recent  historical  natural  river   path,  although  as  noted  above,  it  deviates  from  this  path  through  a   portion  of  the  City.     Levees   along   the   stormwater   channel   are   FEMA-­‐classified   as   “Provisionally   Accredited   Levees,”  which   indicates   they   provide   protection   from   the   100-­‐year   flood.   CVWD   was   required   to   submit   documentation   demonstrating   the   protection   capabilities   of   these   levees  to  comply  with  requirements  of  Section  65.10  of  National  Flood   Insurance  Program  (NFIP)  regulations  (Title  44,  Chapter  1  of  the  Code   of  Federal  Regulations).  CVWD  met  this  requirement.     Bear  Creek  System   The  Upper  Bear  Creek  System  is  designed  to  manage  runoff  from  the   Santa  Rosa  Mountains.  The  system  is  located  along  the  southerly  and   westerly  edges  of  the  Cove  and  includes  the  Upper  Bear  Creek  Training   Dike,  Upper  Bear  Creek  Detention  Basin,  Bear  Creek,  and  Bear  Creek   Channel.  Runoff  from  a  1.7  square  mile  drainage  area  is  diverted  by  the   dike,  which  directs  it  along  Bear  Creek  to  the  detention  basin.    The   Basin  has  a  storage  capacity  of  752  acre-­‐feet.  Outflows  enter  the  Bear   Creek  Channel,  an  approximately  2.5-­‐mile  long  channel  with  capacity  to   convey  the  100-­‐year  flood.    Smaller  canyons  also  drain  into  the  channel.     Channel   flows   continue   downstream   into   the   La   Quinta   Evacuation   Channel,  ultimately  discharging  into  the  Coachella  Valley  Stormwater   Channel.  The  City  has  applied  to  FEMA  for  accreditation  of  the  training   dike  and  is  awaiting  receipt  of  the  formal  accreditation  letter.       East  La  Quinta  System   This  system  is  located  along  the  southeastern  edge  of  the  Cove  and  is   intended   to   collect   drainage   from   hills   east   and   south   of   Calle   Bermudas.  The  system  is  comprised  of  the  East  La  Quinta  Channel  and   several  detention  basins.  Flows  are  carried  to  the  La  Quinta  Evacuation   Channel.         FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐50   La  Quinta  Evacuation  Channel   The   La   Quinta   Evacuation   Channel   extends   approximately   3.5   miles   northeasterly  from  the  Bear  Creek  Channel,  through  developed  areas   of  the  City,  to  the  Coachella  Valley  Stormwater  Channel.    It  is  primarily   intended   to   capture   and   transport   stormwater   from   various   flood   control  systems  in  the  City.         Dikes     In  addition  to  the  Bear  Creek  Training  Dike,  there  are  several  other   dikes  located  near  the  base  of  mountains  in  the  City.  These  have  been   constructed  to  protect  developed  areas  from  runoff  from  mountain   slopes,   and   include   three   dikes   constructed   by   the   Bureau   of   Reclamation:  the  Eastside  Dike,  constructed  to  protect  the  Coachella   Branch  of  the  All-­‐American   Canal;  and  Dike  2  and  Dike   4,   which   total   5.2  miles   south   and   southeast  of   Lake  Cahuilla,  respectively,   and  were   built   to   protect   Lake   Cahuilla   and   lands   between   Avenue   58   and   Avenue   66.   Dike   4   is   accredited  by  FEMA;  Dike  2   is  not  yet  accredited.     NOTES: icor map is imeMal fur general lana ux planninganly. 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No base flood elevations or depths are shown Flood insurance is available .. but nm hat red. Dike X _ x I X\ 0 Zone that corresponds 0 areas ounde of the 5Wyear Bond. No base flood elevations or depths areshown. Floodinsurenceisavailable but nm required. undetermined Rink area OZone that corresponds to unstudied areas where food hazards are de rwh ned, but Bonding is puvble Flopd insurance is available but net required awwwaa Dike / La Quinta City Boundary Levee Rivero- stream i- La Qu nla sphere nnnnuenu • For elevatioaor depths sce original FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maw vailabkatthe City, County, orva—1 a.gov. N Scale: 1:84,000 7000 0 7000 W E Feet 2 0 2 S EGlometim; Bare Map: USG'Tcpcgaphic Map man Sunn"S RASTER 1997 source: Federal Emergency Maagen,m Agen<r,sac e,rmdiao, neon Irauraree R,re Map (Pard! Numbs .5Q72sQ 060650241G, OvermUNNO, WK5C2231a 06465Q333G,0K,cC2233G, 0r05Q234G, PY.65CE337G, tistac 39G 0aXsU2.G, 060550261 Q otcasavoccI W'Inttanh ema%nal Consultants Project Number 3004 - - - Date: 2010 r City of La Quinta General PlanExhibit JTERRANOVA® FEMA Flood Hazard Zones and Flood Control Facilities Planning & Research, Inc, La Quinta, California I IV -6   FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐52   PAGE  NUMBER  SPACER  -­‐  PULL  FROM  DOC     FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐53   Flood  Hazard  Mapping   The   National   Flood   Insurance   Act   of   1968   and   the   Flood  Disaster   Protection   Act   of   1973  require   that   the   Federal   Emergency   Management   Agency   (FEMA)   evaluate   flood   hazards   and   provide   affordable  flood  insurance  to  residents  of  communities  where  future   floodplain  development  is  regulated.  To  determine  the  need  for  and   availability   of   federal   flood   insurance,   FEMA   has   developed   Flood   Insurance  Rate  Maps  (FIRMs)  for  many  areas  in  the  United  States.    The   Floodplain  Administrator  for  the  City  of  La  Quinta  is  the  City  Engineer.     Data  compiled  for  La  Quinta  and  its  Sphere  of  Influence  are  shown  on   Exhibit  IV-­‐6.    Applicable  flood  zones,  as  shown  on  this  map,  include:      Zone  A:  Areas  of  100-­‐year  flood  where  no  base  flood  elevations   or  depths  are  shown.    Requires  flood  insurance.    Zone  AO:  Areas  of  100-­‐year  flood  with  average  depths  of  1  –  3   feet,   generally   from   sheet   flow   on   sloping   terrain.   Requires   flood  insurance.      Zone  X:  Areas  of  500-­‐year  flood  with  average  depth  of  less  than   1  foot  or  less  than  one  square  mile  drainage  area;  and  protected   by   levees   from   100-­‐year   flood.     No   base   flood   elevations   or   depths  are  shown.  Flood  insurance  available,  but  not  required.      Zone   D:  Areas   where   flood   hazards   are   undetermined   but   flooding  is  possible.  Flood  insurance  available,  but  not  required.       As  shown  on  the  map,  areas  within  the  planning  area  that  are  within   the  100-­‐year  flood  plain  (Zones  A  or  AO)  include  the  Coachella  Valley   Stormwater   Channel,   the   La   Quinta   Evacuation   Channel,   Bear   Creek   Channel,  and  detention  basins.    Portions  of  the  area  north  and  south  of   the  Coachella  Valley  Stormwater  Channel,  the  entire  Cove  area,  several   areas  south  and  southeast  of  Lake  Cahuilla,  and  a  portion  of  the  City’s   eastern  Sphere  of  Influence  are  within  Zone  X.           Land  Use  Planning  as  a  Flood  Control  Strategy   One  of  the  most  effective  and  direct  means  of  controlling  flooding  and   protecting  lives  and  property  is  through  land  use  planning.    This  may   include  designing  flood  control  structures  so  that  stream  courses  are   left  in  a  naturalized  state  or  developed  as  open  space  for  parks  or  golf   courses.           Portions   of   the   planning   area   are   mapped   within   the   100-­‐year   floodplain.     Others  may   be   subject   to   sheet   flow  where   natural   channels   emanating   from   mountain   streams   and   canyons   lose   definition   on   the   valley   floor.  Restricting   the   type   and   location   of   structures   near   major   drainages   can   limit   exposure   of   people,     FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐54   structures   and   other   improvements   to   flood   hazards   and   reduce   potential  losses.    Development  should  be  strictly  limited  within  100-­‐ year   floodplains   to   uses   that   do   provide   for   human   habitation.   No   critical  facilities  should  be  located  within  floodplains.       Other  Flood  Control  Measures   The  Clean  Water  Act  (CWA)  was  enacted  in  1972  and  was  intended  to   set  goals  for  restoring  and  maintaining  water  quality  through  reduction   of  point-­‐source  pollution  by  industry  and  sewage  treatment  facilities.  A   1987   amendment   further   required   that   states   reduce   runoff   into   waterways.  The   National   Pollutant   Discharge   Elimination   System   (NPDES)  implements  these  requirements  by  mandating  the  adoption   of  stormwater  management  plans  and  programs  to  reduce  runoff  of   pollutants  in  storm  water  systems  into  waters  of  the  United  States.     In  California,  the  NPDES  is  administered  by  the  State  Regional  Water   Quality   Control   Board,   which   issues  NPDES   permits   to   local   jurisdictions.    In  Riverside  County,  the  NPDES  is  a  joint  permit  system   among  the  Riverside   County   Flood   Control   and   Water   Conservation   District  (RCFC),  Riverside  County,  CVWD,  and  all  Riverside  County  cities,   including  La  Quinta.       PLANNING  FOR  THE  FUTURE   The  City  of  La  Quinta,  Riverside  County,  and  the  Coachella  Valley  Water   District   have   worked   closely   together   to   proactively   plan   for   and   protect  developed  areas  from  significant  flooding.  Development  within   100-­‐year  floodplains  is  limited  to  flood  control  channels,  detention  or   retention  basins,  and  golf  courses  that  dually  serve  as  retention  basins.       New   flood   control   facilities   should   be   designed   to   protect   other   environmental  resources  and  retain  watercourses  in  a  natural  state  or   for  use  as  open  space,  whenever  feasible.     Some   areas   of   the   City   are   still   subject   to   localized  flooding.   These   hazards  should  be  addressed  through  the  continued  enforcement  of   requirements  for  on-­‐site  retention  facilities.     FEMA   mapping   also   shows   areas   that   are   considered   subject   to   flooding   from   storms   stronger   than   the   100-­‐year   storm.   Moderate   flood  hazards  are  also  mapped  within  undeveloped  areas,  particularly   in  the  Sphere  of  Influence.  However,  in  some  portions  of  the  General   Plan  area,  some  study  areas  are  limited,  and  flood  zone  mapping  is   incomplete.  As  a  result,  there  are  some  areas  outside  of  the  mapped   flood  zones  that  are  likely  to  be  subject  to  flooding.  The  City  should     FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐55   coordinate  with  FEMA  and  other  agencies  for  more  complete  mapping   to  define  flooding  hazards.       Seismic   hazards   could   place   storage   tanks,   lakes,   detention   basins,   levees,   dikes   or   other   water   storage   or   retention   facilities   at   risk.   Future  planning  for  new  development  should  consider  the  potential   for  flooding  and  continue  to  limit  or  prohibit  structures  in  areas  subject   to  the  100-­‐year  storm.       GOALS,  POLICIES  AND  PROGRAMS   GOAL  FH-­‐1   Protection  of  the  health,  safety  and  welfare  of  the  community  from   flooding  and  hydrological  hazards.          Policy  FH-­‐1.1     The  City  shall  monitor  and  update  its  2009  Master  Drainage  Plan  every   5  years,  or  as  needed,  to  reflect  changes  in  local  and  regional  drainage   and  flood  conditions.        Policy  FH-­‐1.2     The  City  shall  coordinate  efforts  to  update  floodplain  mapping  in  all   areas  of  the  City,  particularly  those  where  potential  flood  impacts  are   not  yet  known.      Program  FH-­‐1.2.a:  The  City  shall  coordinate  and  cooperate  with   CVWD  in  the  filing  of  FEMA  applications  to  amend  the  Flood   Insurance  Rate  Maps,  as  necessary.        Policy  FH-­‐1.3   The   City  shall   continue   to   implement   development   standards   that   provide   for   a   reduction   in   runoff   from   developed   lands   and   are   consistent  with  local  and  regional  stormwater  management  plans.        Program   FH-­‐1.3.a:  New   development   shall   continue   to   be   required   to   construct   on-­‐site   retention/detention   basins   and   other   necessary   stormwater   management   facilities   that   are   capable  of  managing  100-­‐year  stormwater  flows.         FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐56    Policy  FH-­‐1.4   The  City  shall  coordinate  with  CVWD  regarding  the  implementation  of   measures   which   protect   bridge   crossings   from   the   scouring   and   erosive  effects  of  flooding.      Program  FH-­‐1.4.a:  The  Public  Works  Department  will  work  with   CVWD  to  inspect  bridge  crossings  for  scour  damage  during  and   after  significant  flooding  events.      Program  FH-­‐1.4.b:  The  City  shall  coordinate  with  the  appropriate   state   agencies   to   participate   in   the   state’s   bridge   scour   inventory  and  evaluation  program.      Policy  FH-­‐1.5   The  City  shall  coordinate  with  CVWD  to  minimize  the  potential  for  the   occurrence  of  inundation  from  levee  or  water  tank  failure,  including   seismically  induced  inundation.      Program  FH-­‐1.5.a:  The  City  shall  annually  request  a  status  update   from  the  Coachella  Valley  Water  District  of  their  monitoring  of   the   structural   safety   of   the  levees   around   Lake   Cahuilla  and   along   the   Coachella   Valley   Stormwater   Channel   and  the   La   Quinta  Evacuation  Channel.      Program  FH-­‐1.5.b:  The  City  shall  annually  request  a  status  update   from  the  Coachella  Valley  Water  District  of  their  monitoring  of   the   structural   integrity   of   above-­‐ground   water   tanks   and   reservoirs,  and  where  needed,  the  implementation  of  bracing   techniques   to   minimize   potential   structural   damage   and/or   failure.      Policy  FH-­‐1.6   Major  drainage  facilities,  including  debris  basins,  retention/detention   basins,  and  flood  control  facilities  shall  provide  for  the  enhancement  of   wildlife   habitat   and   community   open   space   to   the   greatest   extent   feasible,  while  still  maintaining  their  functional  qualities.        Policy  FH-­‐1.7   New  critical  facilities  shall  not  be  constructed  within  the  boundaries  of   the  100-­‐year  flood  plain.         FLOODING  AND  HYDROLOGY   IV-­‐57    Policy  FH-­‐1.8   Development  within  drainage  areas  and  stormwater  facilities  shall  be   limited  to  recreational  uses  such  as  golf  courses,  lakes,  sports  or  play   fields,  and  similar  uses.      Policy  FH-­‐1.9   The  City  shall  periodically  monitor  and  update,  as  needed,  evacuation   routes  to  ensure  safe  ingress  and  egress  for  residents  and  emergency   vehicles  in  the  Cove  and  southern  neighborhoods  in  the  event  of  a   major  flood.      Program   FH-­‐1.9.a:  The   City   shall   provide   maps   and   other   information  concerning  evacuation  routes  to  residents  of  the   Cove,  Riverside  County  Fire  Department,  Sheriff’s  Department   and  other  appropriate  agencies.       RELATED  GOALS   As  described  above,  this  Element  relates  to  others  in  this  General  Plan.   The  following  Goals,  and  their  associated  policies  and  programs,  are     closely  related  to  those  of  this  Element.     GOAL  GEO-­‐1:  Protection  of  the  residents’  health  and  safety,  and  of  their   property,  from  geologic  and  seismic  hazards.     GOAL  WR-­‐1:  The   efficient   use   and   conservation   of   the   City’s   water   resources.                 HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS   IV-­‐59           HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS     PURPOSE   The   Hazardous   Materials   Element  addresses   the   potential   hazards   associated  with  the  storage,  use,  and  transport  of  hazardous  materials   in  and  through  the  City.       Public  safety  must  be  addressed  in  the  General  Plan,  in  conformance   with   California   Government   Code   65302(g).   Hazardous   materials   represent  one  of  the  issues  associated  with  public  safety.     This  Element  is  closely  related  to  the  Emergency  Services  Element.  The   City’s  first  responders  ensure  public  safety  in  the  event  of  a  hazardous   materials  spill  or  release.  This  response  includes  isolation,  evacuation   (if  warranted),  identification,  containment  and  proper  disposal  of  the   hazardous  materials,  as  well  as  proper  notification  to  other  agencies.  It   is  also  related  to  the  other  components  of  the  Environmental  Hazards   Chapter  –  the   Soils   and   Geology   Element   and   the   Flooding   and   Hydrology  Element.  Finally,  the  location  of  land  uses  which  use,  store,   or   transport   hazardous   materials   ties   this   Element   to   the   Land   Use   Element,  insofar  as  it  is  important  for  the  City  to  assure  that  sensitive   land  uses,  such  as  residences  and  schools,  are  buffered  from  exposure   to  hazardous  materials  to  the  greatest  extent  possible.     BACKGROUND   Hazardous  materials  are  those  chemicals,  oils,  and  other  substances   which   have   the   potential   to   be   toxic.   They   range  from   fertilizers,   pesticides  and  automotive  products,  to  pool  chemicals  and  chlorine   products.  If  hazardous  materials  are  improperly  stored,  used  or   transported,  they  can  be  released  into  the  air,  soil  or  water   and  cause  harm  to  the  City’s  residents,  business  people  and   visitors.   As   a   result,   hazardous   materials   are   highly   regulated,   particularly   in   commercial   and   industrial   applications.   A   number   of   regional,   State   and   federal   agencies   have   responsibility   for   managing  and  regulating  these  materials.     HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS   IV-­‐60     At  the  federal  level,  the  Environmental  Protection  Agency  (EPA)  has   primary  responsibility  for  the  regulation  of  hazardous  materials.  The   California   Environmental   Protection   Agency   and   the   Department   of   Toxic  Substances  Control  are  the  primary  State  agencies  which  deal   with  hazardous  materials.  At  the  regional  level,  the  Riverside  County   Department   of   Environmental   Health   monitors   and   regulates   hazardous  materials  use  and  disposal  throughout  the  County,  including   in  the  City  and  its  Sphere  of  Influence.  If  contamination  of  a  water   source   occurs,   the   Regional   Water   Quality   Control   Board   has   enforcement  powers.  The  City’s  Emergency  Services  Division,  Fire  and   Police   Departments   would   be   called   upon   in   the   event   of   a   spill   or   similar   emergency   relating   to   hazardous   materials   within   City   limits   (please  see  the  Emergency  Services  Element  for  further  discussion  of   emergency  services).     In   order   to   coordinate   efforts   relating   to   hazardous   materials   management,   the   County   has   developed   a   Hazardous   Waste   Management   Plan  (HWMP),   which   addresses   the   proper   disposal,   processing,  handling,  storage  and  treatment  of  hazardous  materials.   The  City  has  also  adopted  the  HWMP  and  implements  it  at  the  local   level.     In   the   City,   hazardous   materials   are   limited   to   small   quantity   generators  (those  generating  less  than  1,000  kilograms  of  hazardous   waste   per   month),   ranging   from   individual   households   which   store   cleaning  solutions  and  automotive  products,  to  service  stations  and   medical  clinics,  which  may  store  or  use  larger  quantities  of  hazardous   materials.       Household   hazardous   waste   can   be   disposed   of   properly   through   Household   Hazardous   Waste   disposal   events,   or   at   a   network   of   “ABOP”   facilities   operated   by   the   County   Waste   Management   Department.  An  ABOP  –  or  Antifreeze,  Batteries,  Oil,  Paint  –  facility  is   located  in  Palm  Springs  and  is  open  regularly  to  accept  these  materials,   as   well   as   electronic   waste.   Household   Hazardous   Waste   disposal   events   are   held   periodically   at   varying   locations   throughout   the   County,  including  cities  in  the  Coachella  Valley.     The  most  common  commercial  uses  which  use  hazardous  materials  in   the  City  are  service  stations,  which  not  only  use  and  store  fuels  and   oils,   but   also   operate   underground   storage   tanks,   which   have   the   potential   to   contaminate   soils  and   water   supplies   if   not   properly   maintained.  Other  commercial  users  include  dry  cleaning  operations,     HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS   IV-­‐61   pool   cleaning   or   supply   stores,   and   automotive   supply   stores.   Commercial   and   industrial   users   are   responsible   for   meeting   the   requirements   of   the   County  Department   of   Environmental   Health.   These  requirements  include  the  proper  disposal  of  hazardous  materials   through   a   number   of   licensed   contractors   specializing   in   these   materials.     In  the  event  of  a  spill  or  leak  of  hazardous  materials,  initial  response   would   be   made   by   the   closest   fire   engine   company,   followed   by   response   from  a   dedicated   Hazardous   Material   Response   Team   (HMRT).  The  Riverside  County  Fire  Department  operates  a  Hazardous   Materials  Team,  which  operates  throughout  the  County  and  responds   to  incidents  when  necessary.     PLANNING  FOR  THE  FUTURE   As   the   City   and   its   Sphere   of   Influence   build   out,   the   number   of   hazardous   materials   storage   and   use   locations   is   likely   to   increase.   Further,  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Sphere  occurs  immediately  adjacent   to   the   Jacqueline   Cochran   Regional   Airport,   and  commercially   and   industrially  designated  lands  in  that  area  may  include  businesses  which   store,  use  and  transport  airplane-­‐related  hazardous  materials.     The   City’s   continued   participation   in   regional   programs  and   coordination   with   County   departments   with   responsibility   for   hazardous   materials   will   be   important   in   the   future.   The   City’s   Emergency   Services   Division  and   City   Hall   facilities   dedicated   to   emergency  management  will  require  expansion  as  population  grows,   to  assure  that  the  City  can  respond  effectively  to  emergencies  relating   to  hazardous  materials.       GOALS,  POLICIES  AND  PROGRAMS   GOAL  HAZ-­‐1     Protection  of  residents  from  the  potential  impacts  of  hazardous  and   toxic  materials.      Policy  HAZ-­‐1.1   The  storage,  transport,  use  and  disposal  of  hazardous  materials  shall   comply  with  all  City,  County,  State  and  federal  standards.       HAZARDOUS  MATERIALS   IV-­‐62    Program  HAZ-­‐1.1.a:  Continue  to  coordinate  with  all  appropriate   agencies  to  assure  that  local,  State  and  federal  regulations  are   enforced.      Program  HAZ-­‐1.1.b:  Development  plans  for  projects  which  may   store,  use  or  transport  hazardous  materials  shall  continue  to  be   routed   to   the   Fire   Department   and   the   Department   of   Environmental  Health  for  review.      Program  HAZ-­‐1.1.c:  The  City’s  Emergency  Services  Division  shall   maintain   a   comprehensive   inventory   of   all   hazardous   waste   sites  within  the  City,  including  underground  fuel  storage  tanks.      Policy  HAZ-­‐1.2   To   the   extent   empowered,   the   City   shall   regulate   the   generation,   delivery,  use  and  storage  of  hazardous  materials.        Program  HAZ-­‐1.2.a:  All  facilities  which  produce,  utilize,  store  or   transport   hazardous   materials   shall   be   constructed   in   strict   conformance  with  all  applicable  Building  and  Fire  Codes.      Policy  HAZ-­‐1.3   Support  Household  Hazardous  Waste  disposal.      Program  HAZ-­‐1.3.a:  Continue  to  work  with  the  County  to  assure   regular  household  hazardous  waste  disposal  events  are  held  in   and  around  the  City.      Program  HAZ-­‐1.3.b:  Educate  the  City’s  residents  on  the  proper   disposal   of   household   hazardous   waste  through   the   City’s   newsletter  and  by  providing  educational  materials  at  City  Hall.     RELATED  GOALS   As  described  above,  this  Element  relates  to  others  in  this  General  Plan.   The  following  Goals,  and  their  associated  policies  and  programs,  are   closely  related  to  those  of  this  Element.     GOAL  ES-­‐1:  An  effective  and  comprehensive  response  to  all  emergency   service  needs.     GOAL  PF-­‐1:  Public  facilities  and  services  that  are  available,  adequate   and  convenient  to  all  City  residents.