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2001 Draft Environmental Impact ReportCITY OF LA QUINTA COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAIT DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT SCIT NO.: 2000091023 Prepared for City of La ()Uinta 78-495 Calle Tampico La Quinta, CA 92253 Prepared by r Terra Nova Planing & Research,1 .® 400 South Farrell, Suite B-205 Pal Springs, CA 9'2262 July, 2001 TIVCIty of La Quinta Draft General Plan BM Titbit of Contents . ' . Table of Contents List of Exhibits List of Tables List a Appendices 'Environmental Su -min avimatix L INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION A Lead Agency B. Introduction C. CBQA Requirements D. Project Location and Description E. Draft General Plan Goals and Policies IL REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Page No. 111 m A. Existing Land Use 11-1 B. &mounding Land Use 11-2 C. Agricultural Resources H-3 D. Topography II-3 E. Climate 114 F. Traffic and Circulation 11-4 G. Hydrology 11-5 H. Soils and Geology 11-6 I. Water Quality/Resources 11-7 J. Biological Resources 11-8 K. Cultural Resources 1I-9 L. Visual Resources 1141 M. Air Quality 11-12 • N. Noise H-12 • O. Public Facilities and Services 11-13 P. Socio-Economic Resources 11-15 EL EXISTING CONDITIONS, PROJECT IMPACT, AND MITIGATION MEASURES A. Land Use M-2 1. Existing Conditions 111-2 2. Project Impacts 111-7 3. Mitigation Measures BI-20 B. Agricultural Resources 111-21 1, Existing Conditions 111-21 2. Project lmpacts HI-24 3. Mitigation Measures 1E1-28 TN/City of La Quints Draft General Plan ER Table of contents L. Public Services and -Facilities M. Socio-Economic Resources 1. Existing Conditions 2. Project Impacts 3. Mitigation Measures C. Traffic/Circulation 1. Existing Conditions 2. Project Impacts 3. Mitigation Measures D. D. Soils and Geology 1. Existing Conditions 2. Project Impacts 3. Mitigation Measures E. Hydrology 1. Existing Conditions 2. Project Impacts 3. Mitigation Measures 1E-29 11 1-29 1II*,38 1<II-48 111-61 III-61 111-72 111-75 1E-78 111-78 III-84 III-85 1 . Water Quality/Resources 1i1-87 1. Existing Conditions DI-87 2. Project Impacts 1II-91 3. Mitigation Measures 111-94 G. Biological Resources II1-96 1. Existing Conditions 111-96 2. Project Impacts III-111 3. Mitigation Measures 11-114 H. Cultural Resources III,116 1. Existing Conditions III-116 2. Project Impacts 111-121 3, Mitigation Measures III-123 1. Air Quality III-125 1. Existing Conditions 111-125 2. Project Impacts 1 1-132 3. Mitigation Measures III-141 I. Noise 1 E-144 1. Existing Conditions III-144 2. Project Impacts I11-149 3, Mitigation Measures 111-156 K. Visual Impacts III-159 1. Existing Conditions 111-159 2. Project Impacts[-16p 3. Mitigation Measures f-162 IIi-164 III-191 M--191 I-198 I1(I-208 ii • TN/City of La Quinia - Draft General plan Ea Table of Contents IV. UNAVOIDABLE SIGNIFICAN'T IMPACTS V. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES VI. SHORT-TERM USE VERSUS LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY VII. EVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES VIM GROWTH INDUCING AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS IX. ORGANIZATIONS, PERSONS AND DOCUMENTS CONSULTED List ofExhibit. 1-1 Regional Location Map 1-6 1-2 City of La Quinta General Han Study Area I-7 I-3 Annexation and Sphese of Influence Amendment Boundary Map I-8 III- 1 Existing General Plan Land Use Map 1114 0I-2 Recommended General Plan Land Use Map III-9 III-3 Annexation. and Sphere Recommended Land Use Map III-15 III-4 Year 2000 Daily Volume -to -Capacity Ratios III-32 1I1-5 Year 2000 Average Daily Traffic Volumes . 11-35 XII-6 Post 2020 Average Daily Traffic Volumes II[-41 III-7 Post 2020 Volume to Capacity Ratios 17I-42 III-8 Phase 1(2005) Golf Cart Routes • • III-45 III-9 Phase II (Buildout) Golf Cart Routes ' I1I-46 III-10 Street Cross Sections at Intersections - State Highway and City Streets 111-47 III-11 Roadway Classifications Map III-51 III-12 City Street Cross Sections III-52 1I1-13 State highway Street Cross Sections 1II-53 ID-14 Recommended Intersection Geometries 111--55 III-15 Post 2020 Intersection Monitoring Locations M-56 I11-16 Proposed Roundabout Design, Jefferson Street/Avenue 52 Intersection III-57 Ill-17 Geologic Map III-63 III-18 Wind Hazard Zones -66 III-19 Liquefaction Susceptibility Map III 70 M-20 Seismically Induced. Settlement and Rockfall Susceptibility Map III-71 III-21 Flood Hazard Map ID-82 III 22 Peninsular Bighorn Sheep Habitat and Localities Map III-102 III-23' Desert Tortoise Recommended Survey and Distribution Areas 11I-105 III-24 Giant Sand Treader Cricket Recommended Survey Areas and Distribution Areas III-106 1II-25 Flat -Tailed Homed Lizard Recommended Survey Areas and Distrkiution Areas . ID-107 III-26 Coachella Valley Fringe -Toed Lizard Fee Mitigation Area 111-109 11I-2.7 Noise Monitoring Sites • M-147 ID-28 Bermuda Dunes Airport Noise Contours . M-153 III-29 Them:1W Airport Noise Contours III-154 V-1 No Project Alternative: Existing Land Use Map V-4 V-2 Alternative 1: High Density Alternative Land Use Map V-8 V-3 Alternative lZ Low Density Alternative Land Use Map V-11 TNfUty of La Qainta Draft General Plan BM Table of Contents JI_of T blr 1-1 Statistical Summary of Land Uses 112 1-2 Recommended Alternative Land Use Buildout Statistical Summary 1-13 1-3 General Plan Proposed Land Use Designations I44 1-4 Annexation No. 12 Land Use Buildout Summary . 1-19 1-5 Sphere of Influence Amendment Land Use Buildout Summary 1-20 III-1 Current General Plan Buildout Statistical Summary 11i-2 Recommended Alternative Residential Land Use Buildou.t. III-8 111-3 Recommended Alternative Commercial Land Use Buildout 111-11 B1-4 Recommended Alternative Industrial Land Use Buildout 111-12 III-5 Recommended Alternative Public/Quasi-Public Land Usc Buildout III-12 111-6 Recommended Alternative Open Space Land Use Buildout II1-13 III-7 Annexation No. 12 Land lise Buildout Summary - 1II-16 11I-8 Sphere of Influence Amendment Land Use Buildout Summary 11I 19 III-9 Agricultural Land Use Statistical Sxunmary 11I-24 111-10 Level of Service Descriptions III-31 III-11 Level of Service Descriptions for Signalized Intersections . 111-33 ITt-12 Existing Intersection Levels of Service (Year 2000) III-34 III-13 General Plan Recommended Alternative, Segment Projects to Exceed Capacity at Buildout 1II-40 111-14 Intersection Level-of-Service/Capacity - General Plan Buildout III-43 III-15 Mineral Analysis of Representative Surface Waters III-90 III-16 Species of Special Concern . III-100 111-17 State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards III-129 111-18 Coachella Valley Suspended Particulate (PM10) Trends 111-130 111-19 Coachella Valley Ozone Trends 111-131 ]II-20 Calculations of Fugitive Dust Potential D1-131 II1-21 Power Plant Emissions for Residential Development 111-22 Power. Plant Emissions for Commercial Development III-134 III-23 Power Plant Emissions for Industrial Development III-135 III-24 Natural Gas Emissions for Residential Development .111-136 111-25 Natural Gas Emissions for Commercial Development 111-136 III-26 Natural Gas Emissions for industrial Development 1E-137 IIIR27 Moving Exhaust Emissions at Buildout III-138 B1-28 Anticipated Cumulative Daily General Plan Buildout Exxxissions 111-139 B1-29 Noise Monitoring at Selected Sites . . III-146 111-30 Projected Noise Contours Adjacent to Major Roadways 111-150 111-31 Projected Noise Contours at Buildout of the Annexation & SOI Amendment 111-155 111-32 Total School Enrollment for Desert Sands Unified School District Facilities 11I-165 II1-33 Total School Enrollment for Coachella Valley Unified School District Facilities fl1-1.65 III-34 Potential School Enrollment at General Plan Buildout M-167 111-35 Potential School Enrollment at Buildout of Annexation No, 12 1 1-168 I13-36 Potential School Enrollment at Buildout of SOI Amendment Area 111-168 111-37 Estimated Electricity Usage Rates III-186 III-38 Natural Gas Consumption Factors 11I-1S9 111-39 La Quinta Age Distribution III-193 III-40 Occupations in the City of La Quinta - 1990 11I-194 iv . TN/City of La Quinta Draft General Plan Ea Table of Cons . . III 41 Major Employers in the City of La Quinta -1997 1II12 1994-1998 Tnxable Sales Trends 111-43 Housing Characteristics for the City of La Quints -1995 III-44 Growth Forecasts for the City of La Quinta. a 2000-2020 1I1-45 Sales Tax Generating Development at Buildout 1 1--46 General Plan Buildout CostfRevenue Analysis ]11-47 Annexation No. 12 Cost/Revenue Analysis TII-48. Sphere of Influence Amendment Area Cost/Revenue Analysis V-1 No Project Alternative Land Use Statistical Summary V-2 Altern.ative I Land Use Statistical Summary V-3 Alternative II Land Use Statistical Summary V-4 Comparison of Intersection Impacts V-5 No Project Alternative Anticipated Daily Emissions V-ti Alternative I Anticipated Daily Emissions V-7 Alternative lI Anticipated Daily Emissions, V-8 Comparison of Anticipated Noise Levels V-9 No Project Alterative Potential School Enrollment V-10 Alternative I Potential Scb10ol Enrollment V-11 Alternative 11 Potential School Enrollment V-12 No Project Alternative Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis V-13 Alternative I Buildout CostlRevenue Analysis V-14 Alternative II Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis III-195 III-196 M-197 111 1,98 111-202 III-205 111-206 III-207 V-5 V-9 V-12 V-17 V-24 V-24 V-25 V-26 V-29 V-29 V-30 V-34 V-35 V-36. TN/City of La Qainta Draft General Plan ER Table of Conr is List of Appendlcee A. Initial Study, Notice of Preparation (NOP) and Responses to NOP September 6, 2001 and Initial Study, Amended Notice of Preparation (NOP), Correction to Amended NOP, and Responses to Amended NOP Apt 17 and April 20, 2001 Prepared by Terra Nova Planning and Research, Inc. B. Cultural Resources Element City of La Quinta General Plan Prepared by CRM TECH A-1 C. La Quints General Plan Update Biological Assessment Prepared by Lawrence F. Labe, PhD. C-1 D. Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan La Quanta General. Plan - Prepared by Section of Geological Sciences San Bernardino County Museum D-1 E. City of La Quanta Noise Element Update Technical Report Prepared by 1 .T & Associates, Inc. E-1 F. City ofl a Quanta feral Plan Update Traffic Study Prepared by kJK & Associates, Inc. F-1 G, Seismic, Geologic and Flooding Hazards Sections of the Technical Background Report for the Safety Element for the City of La Quanta Prepared by Earth Consultants International G-1 ENVIRONIVIENTAL SUMMARY MATRIX TNiiity of La Quinta Comprehensive Genera EanlDraft EIlt Euvironmentai Matrix This Environmental Impact Report (] has been prepared to assess the potential impacts to the environment which may result from the approval and ixnple nentation of the proposed La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan, and of buildout of proposed Annexation No. 12 and a concurrent sphere of influence (S01) amendment. The planning area includes a total of approximately 53,498 acres consisting of a mix of residential densities ranging from apartments, to gated subdivisions, to large acreage estates. The City is also host to a variety of commercial uses, ranging from specialty retail to community -Seale shopping centers and luxury resort developments. Recreational uses have been incorporated throughout the community and include both public and private golf courses, parks and undeveloped open spaces. The proposed land use scenario provides for a range of residential densities in the planning area, ranging from-one.unit per acre to sixteen units per acre. Compared to the existing City General Plan, a modest reduction in residential acreage is proposed, as well as a moderate increase. in .commercial and industrial lands. The proposed land use planhas been developed as a means of broadening land use and economic development opportunities in the City. The land use designations assigned to the annexation and sphere of influence amendment are included in the General Plan planning area, and continue the low intensity development pattern already established in the City. The City of La Quinta is located in the central -easterly portion of the Coachella Valley, in Riverside County. The incorporated City limits canbe described as including: portions of Section 25 and all of -Section 36, Township 5 South. Range 6 East; Sections 1, 12, 13, 24, and 25, Township 6 South, Range 6 East; portions of Sections 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30, and all of Sections 31 and 32, Township 5 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 10, 22, and 28, and all of Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 30 and 33, Township 6 South, Range 7 East; and all of Sections 4 and 5, Township 7 South, Range 7 East, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian Sphere -of -influence lands include the following: portions of Section 18, Township 5 South. Range 7 East', and portions of Sections 10, 22, 27 and 28, Township 6 South, Range 7 East of the San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian. Planning•area lands (including annexation No, 12 and the SOZ amendment area) include: portions of Sections 6, 7, S, 9, 16, 17, 18, Township 5 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 1, 13, and all of Sections 11, 12, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35, 36, Township 6 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 22, 23, 26, 35.36, and all of Sections 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30,31.32, 33, 34, Township 6 South, Range 8 East.; all of Sections-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Township 7 South, Range 7 East; portions of Section 1, and all of Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Township 7 South, Range 8; and portions of Sections 6 and 7, Township 7 South, Range 9 East of the San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian. M 114/City of La Quinta Comm]] ive General Plan/Draft PIR Environmental Matrix This EIR assesses the environmental impacts that may result as a consequence of approval and impletmentation oldie proposed land use scenario and. the Plan's goals, policies and programs, as well as buildout of the entire area. The following discussion briefly summarizes each category of analysis, including existing conditions, project impacts and applicable mitigation measures recommended to reduce impacts to acceptable or insignificant levels. Levels of impact include the following: Significant Impacts: Those impacts which constitute a potentially significant adverse change in the environment. Insignificant Impacts: Those impacts which, by virtue of the environmental conditions, predisposing existing development, or the implementation of mitigation measures, are reduced to acceptable or "insignificant" levels. Unavoidable Impacts: Those impacts which occur as a result of project development whose adverse a&eots cannot be entirely eliminated or reduced to a level of insignificance. Areas of Controversy and Issues to be Resolved: The City Council held a number of public meetings to discuss the potential land use distribution associated with the General Plan update. During those meetings, several land owners, and/or their representatives, requested that changes to the land use map be made to specific properties. These requests will be considered through the public hearing process prior to adoption of the General Plan. The City also conducted a series of public meetings associated with Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment. Issues still to be resolved in this area include lowering residential densities in both areas, the preservation of the equestrian lifestyle, and the toss of agricultural resources. M-1 Existing. Conditions LAND USE COMPATIBILITY The City of La Quinta is a low density, resort residential community located in the Coachella Valley, a low-lying desert environment in central Riverside County. The City's population is approximately 24,240 residents. Its incorporated area includes approximately 20,254 acres, and the General Plan planning area includes an additional 33,244 acres outside the City boundaries. Current development patterns. within the City are guided by. the City's existing Camprchensive General Plan, which allows for the ultimate development of about 37,018 dwelling units, most of which are in the 0 to 8 units per acre density range. The existing General Plan also provides for commercial development, including visitor -serving hotel and resort development. Under the existing Plan, the planning area could ultimately realize about 15.5 million square feet of commercial space and about 20.1 million square feet of industrial space. Public and private open spaces account for approximately 12,357 cores. The annexation area covers an area of 5,419.9 acres, primarily proposed for residential develop.e•nt. The SOI amendment area totals 8,205 acres, also primarily designated for residential development. Project Impacts The proposed General Plan can facilitate the development of approximately 78,952 dwelling units, assuming that buildout occurs at 75% of the maximum densities permitted, This represents about a 113% increase over the number of units allowed by the existing General Plan, and is largely the result of converting lands in the south- central portion of the planning area from agricultural to low -density residential uses. The proposed Plan also facilitates about 3.5 milli.on more square feet of commercial space, and 8.7 million more square feet of industrial space than the existing General Plaa. No significant incompatibilities with internal or external land uses are expected to result from the proposed Plan. The proposed conversion of agricultural lands in the annexation'area and SOI amendment area is consistent with existing development trends in the area. The potential for traffic noise impacts on residential lands is addressed through General Plan policies and programs in other sections of thus EIR TN/City of La Quinta Compreheti6ve General Plan/Draft EIR Environmental Matrix M-2 TN/City of LaQuwra Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Environmental Matrix Existing Conditions AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES The General Plan planning area contains approximately 19,938 acres of land currently designated for agricultural land uses. These lands are generally concentrated east of Monroe Avenue and south of 52nd Avenue (see Exhibit 1U41)- All lands designated for agricultural purposes are currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County.. The Riverside County General Plan designates then,. for Agricultural (AG) development, a designation which permits agricultural cultivation, associated uses (including limited commercial, industrial, and single- family residential development at a maximum density of one dwelling unit per ten acres), and open space. Approximately 16,152 acres (81%) of land designated for agricultural uses in the planning area are currently developed, and 3,786 . acres (19%) are vacant. There are currently a total of 5,411.99 acres of land under Williamson Act contracts within the planning area. Project impacts Under the Recommended General PIan, approximately 6,280 acres are designated for Very Low Density Residential (VLDR) development with an Agricultural Overlay. The Recommended General Plan designates approximately 11,335 acres for Low Density Residential (LDR) development with an Agricultural Overlay: This designation provides for large lot single-family development, with densities up to 2 dwelling units per acre. The Agricultural Overlay provides for the continuation of existing agricultural a.ctivity at the discretion of the landowner. This land use designation provides a transition between agricultural lands and more intense urban uses and promotes a progression of compatible land uses. Project impacts are expected to be significant in the long term. Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures included to reduce the potential impacts associated with agricultural resources include the preservation of the Agricultural Overlay; the creation of buffer areas of at Least 100 feet for new projects adjacent to existing agricultural land uses; adherence to local, state and federal regulations to ensure that safe and effective practices occur on agricultural lands; and the adherence to noise standards, as enumerated in the City's Municipal Code. Alternatives: The No Project Alternative would result in fewer residential units, and would preserve the current agricultural land use designation placed on the land by the County, although General Plan. Amendments and Specific Plans would Still be possible. This Alternative would have a lower impact on agricultural resources. M-3. TN/City of La Qaiut& Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR E vironmental Matix Existing Conditions TRAFFICfCIRCIJLATIDN The General Plan planning area is connected to the rest of the Coachella valley by a network of arterials and state and interstate highways, including State Highways 86 and 111 and Interstate-t0. A detailed traffic analysis was conducted on the planning area circulation system and is included in the EIR appendices. The study indicates that the City's roadway segments are - currently operating within capacity, and key intersections .are operating within acceptable levels -of -service. Sunline Transit Agency provides public transit services to the planning area along four bus routes. Although there is no direct rail service to the planning area, passenger and rail service is available in Indio and Coachella. The Paim Springs International Airport serves as the primary. air transportation link for the City and the Coachella Valley, The Desert Resorts and Bermuda Dunes Airports are legated within the planning area and accoriamodate smaller planes and business jets. • Project Impacts Based on the proposed roadway network set forth in the Draft General Plan, buildout of the planning area is expected to generate approximately 1,200,150 daily vehicle trip -ends. At project buildout, key intersections are expected to continue to operate at acceptable Levels -of -Service (LDS D or better). However, fifteen roadway segments are expected to exceed typical Average Daily Traffic (ADT) capacities (vlc ratios of 1.0 or greater), which could constitute a- significant impact on the local circulation system. A series of design upgrades may allow these segments to operate acceptably, but impacts at these intersections are expected to be significant.. Traffic in the annexation area and SOI amendment area is expected to operate within acceptable levels at buildout;. The proposed Plan includes a comprehensive Golf Cart Route System which will encourage and facilitate safe golf cart usage in key locations within the planning arca. M-4 Mitigation Measures The proposed General Plan establishes a wide range of roadway and intersection improvements and systems management directives that are expected to reduce project -related impacts. Some such improvements include: the assignment of' appropriate roadway classifications and cross -sections to roadway- segments, the construction of intersection improvements (dual left. turn Imes, right turn lanes, and signal phasing improvements), the implementation of an. on -going intersection monitoring program, and the construction of a roundabout intersection at the. Jefferson Street/Avenue 52 intersection. In addition, the City may need to consider. restricting the number of access points along high volume arterials, including Washington and Jefferson Streets and Highway 111, The City shall continue to develop and implement Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies in an effort to maximize the use of alternative modes- of transportation and extend the capacity of existing roadways. Alternatives: The No Project and Less Intense Alternatives would result in all intersections operating at Level of Service D or better, and would therefore lower the impacts to the circulation level to less than significant levels. TNICity of is Quinta Comprehensive Genera/ Plan/Draft MR EtWirOIMICatal MairiX Existing Conditions SOILS AND GEOLOGY The San Andreas Fault Zane is located less than three miles northeast of the City of La Quint& Although rio evidence of active or potentially active faulting has been found within. the General Plan planning area, several faults in the Coachella Valley region have the potential to generate strong ground shaking that could impact the La Quints community. Given its proximity to these faults, portions of the planning area are also susceptible to other geotechnical conditions, iacltding liquefaction, seismically induced settlement, ground subsidence, and slope instability. The northernmost portion of the planning area and hrids adjacent to the liitewater River are located within wind erosion hazard zones, which are characterized by suspended dust and blowing sand. Project Impacts Buildout of the proposed General Plan, annexation area and SOL amendment area will result in the development of major and. minor projects, ranging from single family additions to mixed -use roaster planned developments. While buildout of the proposed Plan is not expected to significantly increase risks associated with geotechnical hazards, groundshaking and other seismically -induced hazards will continue to pose a threat to future development. Some development facilitated by the proposed Flan may require extensive site grading and earthwork. Ground surface disruption in areas susceptible to severe wind erosion could increase dust and other particulates in the air. M-5 Mitigation Measures The proposed General Plan includes a wide range of policies and programs designed to- reduce exposure to geotechnical hazards to the greatest extent practical. All building design shall be in accordance with the Uniform Building Code and/or International Building Code and the seismic design parameters of the Structural Engineers' Association of California. The General Plan requires that site -specific soil studies and other geotechnical investigations be performed for future projects, _►here . necessary. Furthermore, the Plan requires mitigation against the ,effects of wind erosion before and after site development. Alternatives: All alternatives represent the construction of new development which would be subject to the same standards imposed under the Recommended Alternative. No alterative is considered preferable as regards impacts associated with soils andlo. 'DVCily of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan1Drai B1R Environmental Matrix - - Existing Conditions Y - -_ Pro ect Im acts P - Mitigation Measures - HYDROLOGY . The General Plan planning area is located Buildout of the planning area, including The proposed land use 'plan reinforces a within a subtropical desert climate, which the existing City limits, and annexation low density development pattern, which is isolated from naoist-maritime air masses. No. 12 and the concurrent SOI amendment effectively limits the amount of Although mean annualrainfall is very low, area will result in increased runoff associated with irnperviaus and hardscaped impermeable surfaces to be developed within the planning area. The proposed the region is susceptible to occasional high -intensity thunderstorms, substantial surfaces. Future development also has the Plan includes a wide variety of policies runoff and potentially significant flooding. potential to alter existing drainage patterns, and programs that require the continued Portions of the planning area are contained and in some cases, may result in the development of stormwater control within the.100- and 500-year flood zones, as designated by the Federal Emergency accumulation of debris during large storms. The conversion of agricultural facilities, the evaluation and improvement of existing flood control infrastructure, and Management Agency (FEMA). The lands to low -density residential uses, in the continued use of retention basins to • planning area includes a system of flood particular, could result in increased runoff facilitate percolation of stormwater runoff. control improvements that includes the and alterations in existing drainage Development proposals with the potential Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, La patterns.. Nonetheless, these potential of generating sigiiicant.runo#f are _also Quints Evacuation Channel,Upper Bear impacts are expected to be adequately required to prepare and submit hydrology Creek Drainage System, East La Quinta mitigated, and implementation of the studies and mitigation plans: The City will Channel, and Lake Cahuilla. proposed General Plan is not expected to have the capacity to review and evaluate significantly increase local or regional detailed hydrology analyses on a project- ile Coachella Valley Water District is flooding hazards. by -project .basis. The :proposed Plan responsible for the construction and encourages inter -agency planning and management of regional drainage facilities : cooperation with regard to regional flood that convey runoff through the City. The control. City of La Quinta is responsible for the management of drainage within its Alternatives: All alternatives represent the boundaries. construction of new development which would be subject to the same standards • imposed under the Recommended Alternative. No alternative is considered preferable as regards impacts associated - with flooding and hydrology. M-6 TN/City of La Quints - Comprehensive General PlaniDraft RIR Environmental Matrix Existln Conditions WATER QUALITY/RESOURCES The lower Thermal subarea of the Whitewater River subbasin is the primary source of groundwater for the planning area. Data indicate that the top of the water table is present at depths ranging from 300 to 600 feet below the ground surface. Groundwater levels in the lower Thermal subarea have fluctuated historically, and have been declining since the early 1980's. The Whitewater River subbasin is currently recharged with Colorado River water, which is conveyed through the Colorado River Aqueduct. Limited Colorado River water is also imported to the Coachella Canal in the southeastern Coachella Valley, and is used for irrigation purposes. Domestic water service is provided to the majority of the planning area by the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD).. The Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company provides water to the Bermuda Dunes community in the northern planning area. CVWD has operated a pilot recharge facility south of Lake Cahuilla since 1996, and has demonstrated that groundwater recharge at this location is feasible and could benefit the La Quinta community in the future. Pro'ect acts At buildout, all consumers in the planning area (including the annexation and SOT amendment areas) could raise total city- wide domestic water consumption to approximately 114.3 million gallons of water per day_ It is estimated that about 40% of domestic water consulted, including a percentage of irrigation water. applied to landscaping, is re-absorbedinto the groundwater table and is 'not lost. Actual impacts may be more or less, depending upon the type and extent of development that actually occurs in the planning area, the density at which residential development occurs, and. the type of landscaping and water -dependent amenities that are constructed within each project site. Water quality will also be impacts by buildout of the proposed Plan. The Plan cites the need to implement the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), and in some instances, to require the. construction of stozarnwater intercept and treatment systems that reduce the amount of contaminants flowing into surface and subsurface groundwater resources. M-7 Mild atien Measures The proposed General Plan promotes the protection and wise use of the domestic water supply, and includes awide range of policies and programs designed to assure its long-term. availability. Policies and programs set forth in the Plan include the continued review of development plans by the City, CVWD and Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company to determine its potential impacts on the local groundwater supply. The Plan encourages the use of drought -tolerant plant materials and efficient irrigation systems, and directs the City to continue requiring on -site retention basins as a means of enhancing groundwater recharge. Under the proposed Plan, the City s]+alt support CVWD's efforts -to expand a recharge facility in the vicinity of Lake Cahuilla, and to utilize tertiary treated water to reduce water demand. To further protect water quality, the City will encourage the connection of existing and future development to the sewage treatment system operated by CVWD, and assure compliance with the provisions of the NPDES_ Alternatives: Both the No Project and Less Intense Alternatives would result in a reduction in the • demand for water resources, and therefore represent a reduction in impacts. Exist* Conditions BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The City of La Quinta is located in a low desert environment with high annual temperatures and low precipitation. The region's unique geophysical environment is capable of supporting diverse and occasionally highly specialized species of plants and animals, including the Coachella Valley milk vetch, Coachella Valley fringe -toed .lizard, desert tortoise, and Peninsular bighorn sheep. Ongoing urban development and agricultural activity in the Coachella Valley have resulted in the modification or removal of native habitat for these and other species, and have increased the potential for their endangerment. Lands in the southwestern portion of the planning area are located within the Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness and the Santa Rosa Mountains State Game Refuge, which are managed primarily for the protection of the Peninsular bighorn sheep. Project Impacts Development facilitated by the proposed General Plan, annexation No. 12 and the buildout of the SOI area will contribute to ongoing habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss in the Coachella Valley. Additional impacts may include the removal of breeding and foraging habitat, the removal of native vegetation, and the introduction of exotic, invasive and/or other non-native plant species. Continued development may also result in increased off -road vehicle use, illegal dumping and predation of native species by domestic pets. Nonetheless, the General Plan, annexation and SOI land use designations all propose to maintain a low density development pattern and preserve sensitive biological areas as undevelopable open space. Implementation is not expected to Dave a Significant adverse impact on biological resources. I-8 TN/City of la Quinta Comprehensive Game Plan/Draft EIR Farviron tal Meet: Mitigation Measures The General Plan sets forth a wide- range of policies and programs designed to minimize potential impacts to wildlife species, and takes advantage of opportunities to enhance wildlife habitat wherever possible. The proposed land use plan designates all areas above the toe of slope in the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as undevelopable Open Space. The Plan requires that species -specific surveys be performed where necessary, and that appropriate mitigation fees be paid andlor permits acquired. The Plan supports the -establishment of palm tree groves and other native vegetation, and promotes the integration of conservation principles in the design. and development of roadways, retention basins and private open space areas. The General Plan strongly supports the preparation and implementation of the Coachella Valley Multi -Species Habitat Conservation Plana Alternatives: All alternatives represent the construction of new development which would be subject. to the sane standards imposed under the Recommended Alternative. No alternative is considered preferable as regards impacts associated with biological resources. • TIrCiry of La Quints Comprehensive Cleneral Pbn'Dra{t KIR Environmental Matrix • Existing onditions Project Impacts Mitigation Measures _� CULTURAL RESOURCES Because of its location along .the shoreline Considering the high concentration of The proposed General Plan requires the of ancient Lake Cahiiilla, the City of La known archaeological and historic sites routine updating of the City's historic Quinta contains a dense concentration of within the planing area, it is possible that resources inventory, and requires that the archaeological resources. Records indicate additional sites and structures may be City develop a strategy for conducting that approximately 372 archaeological discovered during grading and cultural resource surveys on currently sites, most of which are associated with the construction activity. Future development unsurveyed areas. The City shall also prehistoric culture of the Cahuilla Indians, have been recorded within .or in the near canyons, alluvial fans, and in the eastern planning area (including develop a system of incentives and regulations that encourage the preservation immediate vicinity of the planning area., annexation No. 12 and the SOI amendment and/or rehabilitation of privately owned Historic resources in La Quinta generally area), which is now largely in active historic sites. All development projects include buildings of late 1930s and 1940s ' cultivation, may be particularly sensitive requiring discretionary approval s aa] be vintage. The City has taken a proactive for the presence of archaeological reviewed by a qualified archaeologist role in assuring the documentation and resources. Potential impacts may include before final approval to identify potential preservation of historic and cultural site disturbance and/or destruction. The project -related impacts and to establish resources, has adopted its own Historic proposed General Play. requires that appropriate mitigation measures. The City Preservation Ordinance, and maintains a extensive site surveys be conducted on all shall consider incorporating historic local historical resources inventory. future development projects, where zoning districts and/or overlays into its necessary, to determine the presence and significance of cultural resources. zoning ordinance. Alternatives: All alternatives represent the construction of new development which would be subject to the same standards • imposed under the Recommended Alternative. No alternative is considered preferable as regards impacts associated with cultural resources. M.4 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plam/»raft EIR B.TI*0111:11011121 Matrix Existing Conditions Project Impacts Mitigation Measures AIR QUALITY Air quality in the City of La Quinta and Implementation of the proposed Plan, and The proposed General Plan requites that Coachella Valley is generally good to buildout of annexation No. 12 and the SOI development and grading permits be _excellent. The principal pollutants which area, can - be expected to result in an reviewed and conditioned to assure that adversely affect air quality in the region increased potential for air quality pollutant emissions resulting from are ozone and particulate matter (PM1 ). degradation in the City and Coachella proposed projects are minimized. The Plan The Coachella Valley is •classified as a Valley. The production of air pollutants directs the City to participate with CVAG "severe-17" ozone non -attainment area will be directly associated with the type and SCAQ in- the monitoring of all under the federal Clean . Air Act, and extent of development taking place in pollutants of regional concern, The Monitoring data indicate that a substantial the community. Motor vehicle activity and proposed land use plan has been designed amount of ozone is produced and the heating and cooling of buildings will to provide a buffer between air pollution transported to the Coachella Valley from also contribute to the production of air point sources and sensitive receptors, and communities to the west. pollutants, both locally and outside the Valley. While development facilitated by to maintain a 'balance of residential, commercial and industrial land uses. PM0 consists of fine suspended particles the proposed Plan, annexation or SOI Under the proposed Plan, the City shall that are byproducts of road dust, sand, diesel soot; and wind storms. The amendment will contribute to an incremental increase in regional air encourage the phasingand staging of development projects to assure the lowest Coachella Valley is designated as a federal pollution, none of these actions are construction -related emissions practical, "non -attainment" area for PMee bowever, monitoring data indicate that PMto expected to facilitate any development that will, in and of itself, result in a significant and shall require the use of water trucks and other on -site measures which limit emissions have been reduced substantially increase in air pollution. A quantitative fugitive dust emissions. The City will in recent years, and the region. is currently analysis of. emissions is provided in initiate and encourage the use of being considered for attainment status. Section III. alternative, clean energy sources. Alternatives: The No Project Alternative would represent the most significant _ reduction in air pollution, closely £oltowed by the Less Intense Alternative. All. alternatives, however, represent an increase in air pollution in the area. M-10 TN/City of La (Inlaid' Co rehensive General Pia&Draft EIR Environmental Matrix Existing Conditions • Project Impacts Mttistinn Mures NOISE The existing noise environment in the City Noise impacts are expected to be primarily The General Plan includes a policy which of La Quinta can be characterized as generated by increasing traffic volumes as requires that the City adhere to the noise relatively quiet, with the majority of noise the City to build out. The noise standards established in Community Noise being generated by motor vehicle traffic on proceeds analysis found that• the Recommended ! and Land Use Compatibility, Table 6.1 of highways and major arterials. Occasional, but less intrusive noise is contributed to Alternative of the General Plan will result in unmitigated noise levels ranging from the Master Environmental Assessu nt. This noise standards allows a. standard of the planning area by rail traffic along the 61.3 to 73.3 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from 65 dBA CNEL for exterior noise levels Southern Pacific corridor and air traffic centerline in the City and planning area. adjacent to sensitive receptors such as associated with the Bermuda Dunes and -Depending- on the adjacent land use, residences, hospitals .and convalescent Desert Resorts Airports. Other community ' mitigation measures will be required to homes. The General Plan also quires that noise sources include construction, mechanical and industrial operations. reduce the noise levels to an acceptable level. new development study the noise environment, and mitigate any noise impacts at a new project site. Alternatives: All alternatives represent the construction of new development which would result in increased noise levels which would be required to meet City noise standards. No alternative is considered preferable as regards impacts associated with noise. M-f 1 Emoting Conditions VISTJAL RESOURCES The Coachella Valley is located within a low desert trough surrounded on the south, west and north by the rocky slopes of the Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, San Bernardino and Little San Bernardino mountain ranges. The region's highest peaks dominate the north end of the valley and include Mt. San Jacinto, which rises to 10,804 feet above sea level, and Mt. San Gorgonio, which rises to 11,502 feet. These and other peaks are located at some distance from the planning area, and views may be blocked by development and vegetation. Nonetheless, they contribute significantly to the rich visual resources of the region. The Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains comprise the southwesterly boundary of the planning area. Large and smaller alluvial fans and sandy/rocky washes emanate from the mountains. The valley floor is largely composed of sand dunes and fields and low-lying agricultural lands. Elevations within the planning area range from about 190 feet below sea level in the southeast, to approximately 1,600 feet above sea level at the peak of the Coral Reef Mountains. Project Impacts Implementation of the proposed General Plan is expected to have limited impacts on the visual resources of the City and the Coachella Valley. The Plan, annexation and buildout of the SOI area will facilitate the development of a variety of residential, commercial and limited industrial structures, as well as golf courses and other resort developments. The proposed land use plan- will permit low -density residential development in the eastern portion of the planning area, which could remove agricultural lands from •cultivation and alter existing viewsheds in this area.. Nonetheless, development facilitated by the Plan will continue to be limited to low and medium density, low elevation structures. Although new structures, signage, lighting and utility infrastructure will result in an incremental increase in visual clutter, these potential impacts can be mitigated to insignificant levels. M-i 2 • TN/City of La. Quints Comprehensive Cameral lla i/Draft ER Environmental Matrix Mitigation Measures The proposed General Plan enhances the City's ability to regulate and prevent significant viewshed, while also mandating continued protection of the City's visual resources.. The Plan preserves the high visual quality of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains by designating them as Open Space with a Hillside Overlay. The Plan calls for the continued development of master planned communities, which are characterized by consolidated open space, - consistent architectural themes, and building height restrictions. New develop- ment will incorporate landscape designs and materials that complement the native desert. The City shall encourage the undergrouiiding of utility lines, and coordinate with utility providers to assure that substations, control facilities and other equipment is shielded from view. Develop- ment proposed along designated scenic highways shall be reviewed by the City for compatibility with the natural and built environments. Alternatives: All alternatives represent the construction of new development. The No Project Alternative would have the least impact on visual resources, insofar as larger areas would be preserved for agricultural use, and would not be built upon. T1h1/City efLa Quints Conifrehelisive General Piawhraii Mt . Existing. Conditions Pro ect lin 1 acts Mitt .: tion Measures PUBLIC SERITICES/VACILITTES The City is well -served by a full range of The adoption and implementation of the The proposed Plan directs the City to public and quasi -public services and proposed General Plan, annexation and regulate development in a manner- which facilities. The Desert Sands and Coachella sphere of influence amendment will result facilitates the orderly and logical extension Valley Unified School Districts provide in a cumulative increase in demand for of infrastructure. The Kau also encourages public education for grades K through 12, and are planning to open several new schools in the near future. The City library public services and facilities, but is not expected to generate significant adverse impacts on these services. Public services close coordination and cooperation between the City, County, school districts, and utility providers ' to assure the is a branch of the Riverside County such as police and fire protection can be immediate and long-term availability of Library System. A new, larger library is scaled up to meet growing demand as the facilities and services. The City is tasked currently under construction. Police and . community expands. Area schools have with evaluating alternative financing fire protection are provided on a limited additional capacity, and are - methods for the extension of a city-wide contractual basis by the Riverside County expected to continue to struggle until more sewer system. With the impending closure Sheriff's and Fire Departments. Regional secure funding sources are developed. of the Edoru Hill Landfill, the City shall healthcare is available at John F. Kennedy Continued growth will require the pheeing work closely with Waste Management of Memorial Hospital, Desert Hospital, and out of septic systems and the expansion of the Desert to evaluate alternative lanIf tl Eisenhower Medical Center. Solid waste a city-wide sewage system. Backbone sites and to extend curb -side recycling management services are provided by Waste Management of the Desert. Sewage infrastructure for natural gas, telephone, cable, and electricity are already in plaoe services to the Thermal area. collection and treatment services are throughout the planning area. Alternatives: All alternatives represent the provided the planning area by the construction of new housing units and Coachella Valley Water District; however, portions of the planning area continue to commercial and industrial development, and would therefore have an impact on operate on individual septic systems. public facilities. However, the No Project Domestic water is provided to the planning and Less Intense Alternatives would have area by CVWD and the ivIyoma Dunes lower impacts on these services at Mutual Water Company. Electrical, natural buildout. gas, and telephone services are widely _ available throughout the community. . -- - 1v1- TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EJR Environmental Matrix Exists Conditions SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESOURCES The City's economy is largely based upon the promotion of a resort lifestyle, and it enjoys an excellent tourist image, enhanced by the national recognition of the La Quinta Hotel and PGA West. The City has positioned itself as a sub -regional retail center for the eastern Coachella Valley, attracting such large retailers as WalMart and Home Depot, and was the fastest growing city in-tbe. Coachella Valley from 1990 to 1998. Demographic trends in La Quiff to indicate the mergence of a new affluent seasonal population, which plays an important role in the City's economy. The greatest portion of the work force is employed in sales, executive/managerial, and construction -related positions. Project In!act The socio-economic impacts associated with buildout of the proposed General Plan, annexation area and SOI amendment area are expected to be positive. To help diversify the City's economy, the Plan establishes a inix of commercial, resort - oriented and industrial development which is intended to maximize existing and planned facilities, services and infrastructure. inasmuch as future growth will result from continued development and the generation of new jobs, there is expected to be an overall balance between employment and housing needs. Mitigation Measures The proposed General Plan maximizes the City's economic development potential, while also establishing a balanced mix of housing and employment opportunities. Although the -City has positioned itself as a sub -regional retail center in the eastern - central Coachella Valley, it must continue to respond to growing competition among Coachella Valley communities for new retail development. The City also must continue to strengthen its reputation as a world -class luxury resort community, while simultaneously diversifying its economic base. In this regard, the City shall pursue joint efforts with local and regional agencies regarding the expansion of the Desert Resorts Airport to support the transportation needs of the City's resort and retail industries. The City shall also promote further investment in art, theater and related development proposals that etahance the City's cultural resources and image as a luxury resort community. Furthermore, the City shall seek financing mechanisms which facilitate infrastructure improvements in the village and the Highway 111 commercial corridor. Alternatives: Both the No Project and Less Intense Alternatives result in greater revenues to the City at buildout, and therefore would be more beneficial. M-14 TN/city of La Quinta Comprehensive Oral .Plan&Drad Section I - Introduction and Project Descriptor CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL INIPACT REPORT FOR TM COMPREIMNSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE A11NDMENT L INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION A. Lead Agency -The City of La Quinta is the lead agency responsible for the preparation of this Environmental Impact Report (FIR). The contact person is Mr. Fred Raker, Principal Planner. The C ity's mailing address is 78495 Calle Tampico, La Qtninta, California 92253. E. Introduction This Environmental Impact Report has been prepared in conjunction with the preparation of the Comprehensive General Plan for the City of La Quinta. The ElR is an integral part of the .General Plan development process. General Plans and their amendments are considered "projects" under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and therefore require thorough assessment in the form of an EIR. This EIR has been prepared to review the environmental constraints and opportunities associated with the adoption of the proposed La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan. In addition to assessing the impacts associated with the City General Plan and instituting mitigation measures, the EIR is designed to be used as an information database to facilitate the streamlining, or tiering of the. environmental review process for subsequent projects proposed in the City. This Environmental Impact Report addresses the City, its sphere -of -influence (O][), and lands outside the SOI. It incorporates technical data collected over a broad area and analyzes General Plan impacts within this context. The EIR summarizes the major goals and policies of the General Plan, as well as the various land use categories set forth therein. A wide range of environmental issues associated with the implementation of the La Quinta General Plan are assessed throughout the EIR. These include land use compatibility, traffic acid circulation, flooding and drainage, geotechnical and seismic safety, air quality, biological and archaeological resources, noise impacts and visual resources. Other areas of concern include the availability of I-1 TNNCity ofla Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDiraft EIR Section I - introduction and Projcet Description public services and facilities, and the socio-ecohomic impacts associated with General Pan implementation. Section It of this document (Environmental Setting) .desc.tibes the environmental setting of the City and region, and identifies enviromncntal resources and constraints. It also describes existing regional infrastructure, land use patterns and natural resources, Section IlI includes a comprehensive evaluation of land and resources specific to the City of La Quinta., its sphere -of -influence and its planning area. It discusses potential impacts to the physical environment associated with the adoption of proposed General Plan land use designations. This evaluation includes analysis of population, patterns of development, alterations to the physical - environment, and the availability of public services and facilities. Because some aspects of the General Plan may result in significant environmental impacts, mitigation. measures are offered, where appropriate to reduce these impacts, The EIR also includes discussions of short-term use and long-term productivity of the affected environment. The irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources, including water resources, biological habitat and air quality, are assessed to facilitate tong -range planning. Growth inducing and cumulative impacts associated with adoption of General Plan land uses are also examined, Possible and appropriate alternative projects are identified, in addition to other mandated CBQA issues. Finally, in Section LX, persons, organizations and documents consulted or referenced are cited. C. CEQA and Other Requirements This Environmental Impact Report has been prepared in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Statutes (Public Resources Code Section 21000-21177) and CBQA Guidelines of 1992 (Administrative Code Section 15000 et. seq.), as amended. CEQA states that the adoption of a general plan, element thereof, or amendment requires the making of findings concerning the identified significant environmental effects (Title 14, California Administrative Code Section 15088)_ The EIR findings must be supported by substantial evidence and must explain how significant effects have been or should be mitigated. Section 15080 of the GEO,A _Gu`, lines. 1992 requires the preparation of an initial study (see Appendix A). In the event that potentially si:nifeant impacts are identified that may result from the "project," an EIR must be prepared. The EIR is intended as an informational and analytical document which provides decision -makers, the general public, and other responsible or interested agencies with an objective assessment of the environmental impacts associated with the General Plan. The mitigation measures proposed herein are intended to eliminate or reduce to an acceptable levels the enviromnental impacts associated with the General Plan. The Final EIR and the mitigation measures set forth herein shall become part of the "project„ approval and an integral part of the General Plan. If, after completion of the Final EIR, the ,decision -making body of the City chooses to approve the General Plan without applying any or l-2 m/crty of La Quii to Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section] - Introduction and Project Description some of the mitigation measures set forth in the EIR, or in the event of unavoidable significant impacts, then a "Statement of Overriding Considerations" must be prepared, demonstrating that the benefits of the proposed project outweigh the unavoidable significant environmental impacts which may result froze implementation of the Plan. In addition to the City departments responsible for review of the Plan, certain local, state, federal and regional agencies will review and comment opt this draft FIR. These agencies include, but are not limited to the California Office of Planning and Research, California Department of Fish and [mine, U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Coachella Valley Water District, and utility purveyors serving the planking area. Several other public and quasi -public agencies, and private for -profit and non-profit organizations will also review this document. This E1R is meant to serve at a program level. Additional environmental documentation, such as environmental assessments and environmental Impact reports, may be required for specific plans, subdivisions, land use plans and other development applications which may be processed by the City. D. Project Location and Description 1. Project Location The boundaries of the General Plan planning area can generally be described as follows: bounded on the north by Interstate- 10, on the south by Avenue 66, and on the west and southwest by the Santa Rosa Mountains. The southern portion of the planning area is bounded on the east by State Highway 111, while the northern portion is generally bounded on the east by Monroe Street. The incorporated City limits of the City of La Quinta can be more specifically described as including: portions of Section 25 and all of Section 36, Township 5 South, Range 6 East; Sections 1, 12,13, 24, and 25, Township 6 South, Range 6 Fast; portions of Sections l8, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30, and all of Sections 31 and 32, Township 5 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 10, 22, and 28, and all of Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 1, 17, la, 19, 20, 21, 29, 30 and 33,Township 6 South, 'Range 71B.ast; Sections 4 and 5, Township 7 South, Range 7 Fast, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian. Existing sphere -of -influence lands include the following: portions of Section la, Township 5 South, Range 7 East; and portions of Sections 10, 22, 27 and 28, Township 6 South, Range 7 East of the San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian. Annexation No. 12 includes 5,419,9 acres generally located east of the existing City lints, south of Avenue 52, west of Iackson Street and north of Avenue 62; the sphere of influence amendment includes 8,205.04 acres, extending from Avenue 50 on the north, Jackson Street ort the west, Avenues 62 and 66 on the south, and Polk, Harrison and Van Buren Streets on the east. I-3 twcity of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section 1- Introduction and Project Description • Annexation No. 12, the proposed Sphere of Influence Amendment and planning area lands encompass: portions of Sections 6, 7, 8, 16, 1.7, 18, Township 5 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 1 and 13, and all of Sections 11, 12, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35, 36, Township 6 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 22, 23, 26, 35, 36, and all of Sections 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, Township 6 South, Range 8 East; Sections 1, 2, 3, 8, 9,10,11,12, Township 7 South, Range 7 East; portions of Sections 1, 6, 7, and all of Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1.0, 11, 12, Township 7 South, Range 8 East of the San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian. Also see Exhibit 1- 2 and I-3. 2. Project Description This EIR has been prepared to review the environmental constraints and opportunities associated with the adoption of the proposed La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan, a proposed amendment to the City's sphere of influence, and a proposed annexation of lands to the east of the existing City limits (Annexation No. 12). In addition to the Program EIR, the General Plan Update will consist of two separate documents: 1) the Master Environmental Assessment (MEA), which addresses existing conditions and the level of services currently provided in the City, sphere of influence and planning area, and 2) the General Plan policy document, which includes a. series of discussion topics encompassed in major chapters, or elements. Each element includes a purpose statement., a brief description of the regulatory environment, and goals, policies and programs. This Environmental Impact Report addresses the City, its sphere -of -influence (SOD), and lands outside the SOL It incorporates technicaldata collected over a broad area and analyzes General Plan impacts within this context. The EIR summarizes the major goals and policies of the General Plan, as well as the various land use categories set forth therein. In addition to assessing the impacts associated with the City General Plan and instituting mitigation measures, the lid is designed to be used as an information database to facilitate the streamlining, or tiering of the environmental review process for subsequent projects proposed in the City. A wide range of environmental issues associated with the implementation of the La Quinta General Plan are assessed throughout the EIR. These include land use compatibility, agricultural resources, traffic and circulation, flooding and drainage, geotechnical and seismic safety, air quality, biological and archaeological resources, noise impacts and visual resources. Other areas of concern include the availability of public services and facilities, and the socio-economic impacis associated with Gen.eral Plan implementation. The General Plan study area includes approximately 31± square miles of incorporated City lands, with about 2.7± square mules of sphere -of -influence lands, and about 49± square miles outside the sphere in the planning area. Over the past year, City staff, the Planning Commission and City •Council have held numerous meetings to discuss overall and specific goals for the community, as well as policies and programs to he included in the Comprehensive General Plan. A detailed assessment of existing land use designations was Inducted, and a new set of land use designations was considered in various portions of the City. Modifications to the circulation system were also considered to address current and projected traffic volumes on major roadways. I-4 TIVC ity of La Win% Comprehensive General P1an/Draft Section I - Introduction and Project Des.eription ProposedErsplargxation No. 12 and Sphere of Tnf1 ence Amendrm t As previously stated, the City's General Plan Update process includes a -wider Planning Pima which extends to the north and east of existing City limits. Since the initiation of the General Plan Update process, the City has begun research and analysis to consider annexation of a portion of the Planning Area and extension of its sphere of influence (hereinafter referred to as "annexation" or "Annexation No. 12.1. In order to streamline the review process, this area has been included in the 'environmental analysis for the General Plan. If the. annexation proceeds, the ERR will serve as the environmental compliance for the annexation actions. I-5 IR1I72 CA11,11Sfahlik No Scale IFELE COUNIT7 L -4 TERRA NOVA Planning & Research, Inc. City of La Q.uinta Regional Location Map Exhibit r i f I I, Juno 1 _4_ •rrn - 4- ir,Im.a1m•csi:Y. --� - -- 5---- h i --1 Exhibit City of General La 1-2 Qunta Plan LEGEND - Rands Township/Range Sections ' 1 T+ REIN roads — city Limits — — a — o General Ran Planning Area city Sphere of Influence Scala 1 90,0D0 12,500 18,750 0 8.250 Feet NORTH Riverside County Vi%inikyMap r� - ;I:...; / h. i Map Prepared on: July 10. 2000. , Mgo)Pregarad Iuy: ile�llntom orbvem* . 101.4 ► • .. 111 Map V fl pia.: 5 i • _ Exhibit City of La General 1-3 Quinta Plan LEGEND Roads Township/Range Sections Area FI I I Railroads City Limits m o — — - General Plan Planning ity Sphere of Influence Annexation Area Sphere of influence Amendment Area scale 1:90,000 : 11:41.40 NORTH 0 6,250 12,500 Feet 13,750 Riverside County Vlclnity Map = x I. LL__ ) .-t'd- -_,-/ Hap Prepared MI; 'WI? 10.1000D MT Premed her; temfa! Illturmdllcn S vatumA sue Vbnlon Nr*; 6 , a i tl': xR� Vi1VA. outm TNICity-of La Quinta. Cmprchensive General Plan/Draft RIR Section I - Introduction and Project Description Existing Land Uses Within the City limits, development is constrained and influenced by the topography of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and generally occurs north of 52nd Avenue and east of Jefferson Street. The exception is the Cove community, which occurs an an alluvial plain bounded on the west and south by the Santa Rosa Mountains, and on the east by the Coral Reef Mountains. . The General Plan planning area oeusists of a total of 53,498* acres, including 20,254* acres in the City limits, and 33,244± acres in the sphere -of -influence. and lands outside the sphere and within the planning area. Approximately 61% (32,897 acres) of the planning area is currently developed. Of developed lands, about 75% (24,898 acres) are in residential uses, winch are dominated by low density, singe family units in the City limits and very low density agricultural uses in the remainder of the planning area. Of the City's total housing stock, approximately 92% (11,197 units) are attached and detached single-family units, 6% .(697 units) are ma lti-family units, and the remaining 2% (247 units) are mobile homes. Commercial lands provide a wide range of retail services, including neighborhood and community - scale retail, tourist commercial, office and mixed use commercial facilities. Of all the lands in the planning area, commercial landuses represent about 390 (1,624 acres). Major community facilities represent about 0.5% (218 acres). Parks, golf courses, and watercourse/flood control facilities comprise about 10% (4,502 acres) of lands. Industrial designations accommodate a variety of light and heavy industrial activities, including manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations. Industrial uses comprise approximately 3% (1,360 acres) of all lands, none of which occur within the City lists. Airport uses account for 4% (2,184 acres) of all lands, and include the Bermuda Dunes and Desert Resorts Airports. Surrounding Land Uses Surrounding land uses are under the jurisdiction of Riverside County and four cities: Palm Desert, Indian Wells, Coachella, and Indio. Riverside County lands border the plarning area to the north and are designated for low and medium density residential uses, with limited commercial lands at the I-10FWashington Street and I-101,fefferson Street interchange Lands to the southwest are also under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. These lands occur within the Santa Rosa Mountains and are assigned Open Space designations, including Wildlife/Vegetation and Mountainous Areas. South of the planning area, Riverside County lands are primarily designated for Agriculture, with the exception of limited commercial, manufacturing and low density residential uses in the Valerie Lean community south of Avenue 66.2 Lands adjacent to the foothills in this area are designated as Planned Residential Reserve (0-5 du/ac). Lands west of the planning area, generally north of Fred Waxing Drive and west of Washington Street, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Palm Desert. The majority of these lands are designated for low -density (3-5 dulac).residential, with limited high density (7-18 dufac) residential 1 ..Western Coachella Valley Plan," County of Riverside, adopted December 31, 1985, amended through August 30, 1994. 2 "Eastern Coachella Valley Plan," County of Riverside, adapted July 2, 1985, amended through December 27, [994. I-9 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIER Section I - Introduction and -Project -Description. . at the southwest corner of Country CIub Drive and Washington Street, and a Residential Study Zone on Washington Street south of Hovley Lane.3 Lands at the southwest corner of Hovley Lane and Washington Sheet are designated for District Commercial uses. A limited area at the southwest corner of Country Club Drive and Washington Street is designated for Commercial - Industrial development, while lands northwest of this intersection are designated for Low Density - Service Industrial development. Adjoining lands west of the planning area, generally south of Fred Waring Drive, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Indian Wells. Lands along the northwest boundary of the Manning area, immediately south of Precl Waring are designated for Comnwnity Commercial development, The Whitewater River Storm Channel runs directly south of these commercial lands, and is designated as a Watercourse. A limited area immediately south of the Whitewater River Storm Channel, and north of Highway 111 is designated for medium density (4.6-7.0 dulac) residential, while lands occurring south of Highway 111. are designated as very low density (1.0-3,0 dulac), low density (3.1-4.5 duiac) and medium -high density (7.1-12.0 duke) residential. Also south of Highway 111 are lands designated for Golf and Recreation as well as Natural Preserve. Adjoining lands along the southwest boundary of the City of La Quinta's planning area are designated for Open Space, and consist cif both, Country Club Open Space (COS) as well as Public Owned Open Space (POS). Lands east of the City of La Quinta and the Bermuda Dunes area, and north of Avenue 52, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Indio. These lands are designated for a broad range of land uses, including country estate residential, and low and medium density residential south of Highway 111, with limited neighborhood commercial lands at the northeast corner of Avenue 50 and Jefferson Street.4 Mixed use designations, which provide for a combination of residential and commercial uses, occur along the Highway 111 corridor. Lands between Highway 111 and Interstate-10 generally provide for low density residential development, with business park and limited community commercial designations iiiunediately. south of Interstate-10. Lands to the east of the planning area, south of Avenue 52 and north of Avenue 62, occur within the boundaries of the City of Coachella, These lands are primarily designated for Agriculture (1 du/40 ae). However, some of these lands have been converted from Agriculture to residential lands, and are designated very low density (0-2 du/ac) and low density (0-6 dulac) residential development. Additionally, there are limited areas north of Avenue 62 that are designated for Public Use and Open Space -Conservation. General Plan Land Use Summary The General Plan and associated environmental analysis address approximately 53,498 acres encompassing the City's corporate boundaries, sphere -of -influence, and lands outside the sphere. The General Plan land use maps contained within this document delineate various land use scenarios with different development types and intensities. 3 4 "City of Palm Desert General Plan Land Use Map," prepared by Planning/Public Works, City of Pahii Desert, adopte€1 June 22, 1995. ..City of Indio General Plan - 2020, Volume I," prepared by Chambers Group, The., October 1993. TN/City of La Quinta Caripirchensive General-Plan/Draft 1 Section I - Intr duction and Project Description The Recommended Alternative land use scenario represents the suggested project alternative, and is addressed in the main, body of the E]R, A Recommended Alternative land use map has been prepared, and statistical summaries for the General Plan and all its planning area for this alternative are presented below in Tables I-1 and 1-2. Table I-3 identifies the 'recommended land use designations and defines appropriate development types for each category. Tables 1-4 and 1-5 list the land use summaries for Annexation -No. 12 and the proposed sphere of influence amendment, respectively. These sumns are all provided for the recommended alternative, Three other land use alternatives, including implementation of the current General Plan (No Project Alternative), a somewhat more intense -land use plan, and a less intensive land use plan, are addressed in Section V of this EIR. TN/Qty of La Qinta Comprehensive General PtanfDraft FIR Section 1- Introduction and•Project Description Table I-1 Statistical Summary of Land Uses General Plan Recommended Alternative Land Use Category City of Lai Quanta Sphere/Planning Area Acres 5O Acres VLDR Very Low Density Resid. (0-2 du#ac.) 495 2.4% 6,594 19.8% . . LDR Low Density Residential (2-4 dulac.) 6,014 29.7% 16,691 50.2%. MDR Medium Density Resicl. (4-8 Wag.) 1,2.82 6.3% 1,031 3.1% MHDR Medium -High Dens Res. (8-12 dtzlac.) 98 0.5% 465 1.4% HEM High Density Residential (12-16 dufac.) 94 0.5% 188 0.6% Residential Subtotal 7,983 39.4 % . 241.969 75.1 % MIRC Mixed Commercial 397 2.0% 124 0.4% CC Community Commercial 145 0.7% 338 1.0% NC Neighborhood Commercial 112 0.6% 92 0.3% CP Commercial Park 64 0.3% 0 0.0% U Gffice 40 0.2% 44 0.1 TC Tourist Commercial 507 2.5% 0 0.0% VC Village. Commercial 102 0.5% 31 0.1 Commercial Subtotal 1,367 6.5% 629 1.9° I Industrial 0 0% 1,947 5.8 % MC Major Community Facility AP Airport 192 0.9% 107 0.3% 0 0.0% 2,184 6.6% Public/Quasi-Public Subtotal 192 0.9% 2,291 6.9 P Park • Facilities 717 3.5 204 0.6% OS Open Space 5,450 26.9% 2,452 7.4% G Golf Course 3,943 19.5% 752 2.3% W Watercourse 602 3.O% 0 0.0% Open Space Subtotal 10,712 52.9% 3,408 10.3% Total 20,254 100% 33,244 100% 1-12 TNlCity of La Quirita Comprehensive General Plan/Draft 131R Section 1- Introduction and Project Description Table 1-2 Recommended, Alternative Land Use Bui clout Statistical Summary Land Use Total. Dev. Vacant Existing Potential Bidout Acres Acres Acres Units Utlitsl Units VLDR Very Low Dens. (0-2 dulac) LDR Low Dens. (2-4 dufac) MDR Medium Dens. (4-8 dui) MIIDR Medium -High Dens (8-12 dufac) ROE High Dens. (12.16 dulac) 7,089 5,526 22,705 3,682 2,313 1,752 562 350 282 105 1,563 19,023 11,197* 5 2121 9444'4 177 2,344 • 57,069 3,366 1,908 2,124 73,976 4,976 Residential Subtotal 32,951 11,415 21,536 . 12,141 66,81/ 73,952 Total Dev. Acres Acres Vacant Existing Future Total Acres Sq.Ft.2 Sq.Ft.2 Sq.Ft.2 MIRC Mixed Co.mmcrtia[ CC Community Commercial NC Neighborhood Commercial CP Commercial. Park O Cicc84 TC Tourist Commercial VC Village Commercial 520 484 204 64 44 507 134 197 323 288. 196 137 67 0 64 40 421,661 328 179 90 44 1.887,890 2,759,962 1,312,898 0 383,328 3,143,290 862,488 3,095,374 4,983,264 1,878,307 4,638,2.69 642,074 1,954,972 613,325 613,325 804,989 1,715,393 4,858,683 421,661 1,284,149 Commercial Subtotal 1,997 1,084 91310,388,189 8,749,46219,137,651 I Industrial 1,947 1,199 7 48 1 7,757,67011,078,179 23,835,Sd 9 MC Major Community Facility AP Airport 299 239 2,184 60 560 1,624 Public/Quasi-Public Subtota12,483 799 1,684 P Park Facilities OS Open Space G Golf Course W. Watercourse 922 7,902 4,694 4502 795 1,713 3,624 469 127 6,189 1,070 133 Open Space Subtotal 14,120 6,601 7,519 Total 53,498 21,098 32,400 * includes attached and detached single family housing units, es categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. ** Includes multi-farriily housing units from tutu to five -plus and mobiiehantes, as categorized by CA Dept_ of Finance 1 Assumes 751, of the total numbort of units possibte, at maximum permitted density 2 Psssuwes 22% lot coverage for commercial dcvalopnlent, and 34% lot coverage for industrial development, 1-13 TN/City of La Quinta Cnmprehensivt General PlanIDraft EIR Section 1- Introduction Project Description Table I-3 City of La Quinta Draft General Dian Proposed Land Use Designations Land Use Designations (Density) Purpose of Land Use RESIDENTIAL LAND USES Very .Low Density Residential, VLDR (Up to 2 dwelling units per acre) Low Density Residential, LDR (Up to 4 dwelling units per acre) Medium Density Residential, MDR (Up to 8 dwelling nits per acre) Medium -High Density Resid., MHDR (Up to 1.2 dwelling units per acre) This designation provides for large lot single family residual development at the southeastern boundary of the City, and in the southeastern -- most portions of the planning area. The designation provides a transition between agricultural lands and more intense residential uses. It encourages large lot subdivisions, and promotes the progression of land uses. This land use designation is the most prevalent in the City and the planning area. It supports the development 'of single family attached and detached development, both in a country club setting and in standard . subdivisions. The clustering of smaller housing units, including condominiums and townhomes, may be appropriate in this designation, with the provision of common area amenities and open space, when governed by a Specific Plan. This designation allows for the development of single family attached and detached units on smaller lots. The Cove area of the City falls under this designation. The clustering of smaller housing units, including condominium and townhomes, may be appropriate in this designation, with the provision of common area amenities and open space, when governed by a Specific Plan. This designation is appropriate for both single and multiple family dwelling units, including attached and detached writs on small lots, condominiums, townhomes and apartments. The clustering of smaller housing units, including condominiums, townhomes and apartments, is appropriate in this designation, with the provision I-14 'Mary of La Quints Comprehensive Goa! Plan/Draft HR Section I - Introduction and Project Description High Density Residential, HDR (Up to 16 dwelling units per acre) Agricultural Overlay of common area amenities and open space. Mobile home parks or subdivisions with common area amenities and open space may also be allowed with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit under this designation. This designation allows for attached single and multi -family dwellings. This designation is also most suitable for planning communities and affordable and senior housing whore smaller units and higher densities may be appropriate. Duplex and multiplex development is the most common. Mobile home parks or subdivisions with common area amenities and open space may also be allowed with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit under this designation. This overlay has been applied to underlying residential designations in the southern planning area. It recognizes the importance of the agricultural community in this part of the Coachella Valley, and demonstrates the City's commitment to maintaining existing agricultural land uses. Any agricultural land use within this overlay area shall be allowed to continue until such time as the land owner chooses to develop. Agricultural land uses within this overlay area can continue as they occur at the time this General Plan is adopted. CO11d].4RCIAL LAND USES Mixed Regional Commercial, 1WRC This land use designation supports major commercial land uses along the Highway 111 corridor, on parcels of 20 acres or more. These land uses serve not only the City, but neighboring jurisdictions as well. Land uses typical of this designation include corporate offices, non - Laboratory research and development facilities, major department and specialty stores, supermarkets and drug stores, medical offices, hospitals and clinics, hotels and motels, automobile sales, and commercial recreational and entertainment facilities. Smaller commercial retail 1-15 Minty of la Quinta Comprehensive General PlantDraft Seclio I - Introduction and Project Description facilities which support and are complementary to the primary land uses in this category are also permitted. These would include, but not be limited to restaurants, services and some automobile . service related land uses. High density residential land uses are permitted only if they are more than 600 feet from Highway 111. A Specific Plan is required for all lands under this designation. Comniurrity Cominer•ciad, CC This designation provides for larger, community_ scale shopping centers on parcels ranging from 20 to 30 acres in size, along major arterial roadways. These centers include large scale anchors, as well as variety of retail outlets and restaurant and entertainment uses to meet the needs of multiple neighborhoods. Other typical land uses include general merchandise, hardware, food and drug stores, offices and personal services. Hotels and motels may also be appropriate within this designation. Neighborhood Commercial, NC This designation supports the development of corrcial land uses which serve the daily needs of the adjacent neighborhood on parcels of 10 to 20 acres. Typical land uses include food and drug stores, personal- services, small restaurants and financial institutions. This designation generally occurs at arterial and nnajor arterial intersections. Commercial Park, CP The typical laud uses under this designation are office and light industrial: warehousing and storage, office/warehouse combined uses, high technology, light manufacturing andautomobile repair. Office, 0 This designation allows for the development of professional and general offices, including financial, medical and legal offices. Retail commercial uses which support these offices may also be appropriate under this designation, but shall not be the principal use. Resort Mixed Use, RMU • This land use designation is intended for projects which propose a wide range of potential land uses. A minimum of 80 acres is required for any project in this land use designation. Single and multi -family residential units, and condominium TN/City of La (Mimi • Comprehensive Cleneral Plan/Draft EIR Section 1- Introduction and Project Description Tourist Commercial, TC Village Commercial, VC INDUSTRIAL LAND USES Industrial, I development are permitted in this designation, as are golf courses and land uses permitted in the Tourist Commercial designation. Timeshares, recreational vehicle parks and resorts, and mobile home parks and subdivisions may be permitted with a Conditional Use Permit. Uses allowed under this designation are limited to resort hotels, tourist commercial and recreational land uses, such as destination hotels, conference centers and hotels, restaurants and ancillary retail land uses. Time share projects may also be appropriate under this designation with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit. A Specific Plan is required in the Tourist Commercial designation. The intent of this designation is to provide for small scale, pedestrian -oriented specialty retail stores, which help create a village atmosphere. Typical land uses include art galleries, restaurants and cafes, apparel and jewelry stores and service& Medium High Density and High Density residential land uses may also be appropriate under this designation. This land use designation is applied to lands in the planning area. It provides for business parks and the development of non-polluting industrial uses operating entirely in einclvsed buildings, and those requiring limited and screened outdoor storage. Examples include .clean manufacturing operations, aircraft or airport related uses, warehousing and distribution facilities, mini - warehouse storage, and a variety of light manufacturing businesses. Siting industrial lands in close proximity to major regional highway and railroad facilities is also desirable. Preferred development i cludes master planned business and industrial parks with integrated access and internal circulation. I 17 TN/Ccty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR. Section I - Introduction and Project Description PUBLIC/QUASI-PUBLIC USES Major Community Facilities, MC Airport, AP This designation is applied to existing or planned municipal, educational or public service facilities. Typical land uses within this designation include civic centers and other governmental offices, fire stations, schools and substations. Designated the. Bermuda Dunes and Thermal airport areas. OPEN SPACE Park, P Floating Park Desertion; P Open Space, OS Hillside Overlay Golf Course, G Watercourselk'loocd Control, This designation is applied to existing municipal and regional park facilities. In the southern planning area, this floating designation is not assigned to a specific parcel, but indicates that a park or parks will be located in the general area in the future. This designation applies to lands in public or quasi -public ownership in the hillsides of the City and planning area. The designation allows the discretionary approval of trails, trailheads and similar facilities, This overlay is applied to lands above the toe of slope. The provisions •of the Hillside Preservation Ordinance shall apply. Public and private golf courses, and associated ancillary facilities. Floodways and drainage channels. f- 18 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1antDraft FJR Section 1- Introduction and Project Description Table I,4 Annexation No. 12 Land Use Butidout Statistical Summary Recommended General Plan Land Use Designation Total Developed Vacant F.sisting Potential Bidout Acres Acres Acres Units Units1 Units LDR Low Density (2-4 duke) 580,62 3 7,99 2 LDR Low Density w1Ag. Overlay 3,279,62 2,700,22 579.40. 232* 9,238 0,912* MDR Med. Density (4-8 du/ac) 323.47 194,15 129,32 775 Mr/DR Med-High Dens (8-12 dulac) 464.80 336.34 1.28. 0** 1, . 1,313** HDR High Doty (1216 dufac) 20.33 7.1$ 13.16 157 Residential Subtotal 4,668.84 3,595.88 1,072.97 232 11,993 12,225 Total Developed Vacant Existing Future Bldout Acres Acres Acres SqFt2 SqFt2 SqFt2 NC Neighborhood Commercial 58.89 56.43 2.45 540,780 23,479 ' 564,259 MIRC Mixed Regional Commercial 39.91 39.91 0 382,465 0 382,465 Commercial Subtotal 98.80 96.34 2.45 923,245 23,479 946,724 MC Major Community Facilities 42.43 31.72 10.71 G GoIf Carve Open Space 555.33 428.87 126.46 OS Open Space 44.50 0 44.50 - P Park Facilities 10,01 7.18 2.83 Open Space Subtotal 609.84 436.05 173.19 Total 5,419.91 4,159.98 1,259.93 * Includes attached and detached single-family units, as derived from 2000 U.S. Census data. Also assumes that 2,500 of the acreage currently in agriculture will develop as low density residential. **Includes multi -family housin0 units_ 1 Assumes 75% of the total number of units possible, at maximum densities permitted, 2 Assumes 22% lot coverage at buildout. Source: Aerial Information Systems, April 2001; estimates by Terra Nova Planning & Research I-19 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlantDrait BIR Section t - Introduction and Project Description Table 1-5 Sphere of Influence Amendment Land Use Etuldout Statistical Summary Recommended General Plan Land Use Designation Total Developed Vacant Existing Potential Eldout Acres Acres Acres Units Units' Units VLDR Very Low/Ag Overlay(0-2dulac) 68.45 67.48 0.97 LDR Low Density (2-4 dofac) 429.61 218.63 210.98 LDR Low Density w/Ag. Overlay 5,650.63 5,011.00 639.63 MDR Med. Density (4-8 dulac) 459.06 358.81 100.27 1IDR High Density (12-16 dulac) 164.85 93.67 71.18 1 632 837* 16,318I-18,389* 601 0** 8541----854** Residential Subtotal 6,772.62 5,749.59 1,023.03 837 18,406 19,243 Total Developed Vacant Existing Future Btdout Acres Acres Acres SgFt2 SqFt2 SqFt2 CC Community Commercial , 244.14 211.81 32.33 2,029,817 309,624 2,339,64 MIRC Mixed Regional Commercial 83.40 69.12 14,28 662,391 136,848 799,239 0 Commercial Office 43.72 43.72 0 418,977 0 418,977 Commercial Subtotal 371.26 324.65 46.61 3,111,185 446,672 3,557,857 Industrial 383.55 323.08 60.47 4,784,944 895,584 , 5,680,528 MC Major Community Faciiities 36.67 0 36.67 OS Olen Space 640.95 . 492.91 148.04 Total 8,205.04 6,890.24 1.314,80 * Includes attached and detached single-family units, as derived from 2000 U.S, Ceps data. Also assumes that at bulidout, 4,800 of the acreage currently in agriculture would develop as low density residential. *' Includes multi -fancily housing units. 1 Assumes 75% of the total number of units possible, at maximum densities permitted. 2 Assumes 22% lot coverage for commercial development, and 34% lot coverage for industrial. Source: Aerial Ynfounation Systems, April 2001; estimates by Terra l4ova Planning & Research Residential Laud Uses The Recommended Alternative provides for a total of 32,9521 acres of residential land, which represents a decrease of about 2,802 acres, or S.5% less than the current General Plan. Currently, there are approximately 12,141 dwelling units within the incorporated city limits. Analysis of existing development in the planning area indicates that development has not occuire l at the 120 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Flan/Draft MR Section I - Introduction and Project Deacxiption maximum densities permitted. Therefore, for the purposes of projecting future buildout units, it has been presumed that residential development will occur at 75% of the maximum densities permitted, The proposed Plan provides for about 21,536 acres.of vacant residential lands. At 75% of the :maximum densities permitted, the lands could 'accommodate an additional 66,811 dwelling units. Buildout of the proposed General Man is expected to result in a total of 78,952 dwelling units, including existing and potential units. This represents an increase of about 41,923 dwelling units, or about 113%, over the number of units provided under the current General Plan. It is important to note, the substantial increase occurring within vacant residential acreage is due to the conversion of developed agricultural land to vacant low density residential lands, which is anticipated for the long term. Commercial Land Uses The proposed commercial designations and permitted uses are essentially the same as those used in the current General Plan, Under the current General Plan, there are 1,624± acres designated for commercial development in, the planning area. The Recommended Alternative provides for a total of 1,996.4 acres,:►which represents an increase of 373 acres, or a 23% increase over the current General Plan. Commercial'lands are located primarily along the Highway 111 corridor, Washington Street, Eisenhower Drive, and Harrison Street near the Desert Resorts Airport, The proposed Plan also provides for Tourist Commercial development at a number of other scattered locations, particularly those associated with existing and planned residential resort communities in the southeasterly portion of the City. Industrial Land Uses Approximately 1,360 acres in the planning area are designated for industrial development under the current General Plans. The proposed Plan provides for a total of 1,947± acres of industrial development, which accounts for 587± more acres than are provided under the current General Plans, or an increase of about 43%. Under the proposed Plan, these additional industrial acres are located at the extreme eastern edge of the planning area, east of Highway 111 near Thermal. Under the current General Plan, there are no industrial lands located within the City limits, but there are four industrial land use categories assigned to Riverside County lands, The proposed Plan introduces a single industrial category, which provides for a variety of industrialuses in the planning area, including business parks, light manufacturing operations, and warehousing and distribution facilities. Open Space Land Uses Open Space land use designations are assigned to those lands which constitute an important or valuable natural resource and warrant protection. These include parks, golf courses, watercourses and floodways and mountainous areas. In the Recommended Alternative Land Use Map, Open Space lands are generally concentrated within the foothills of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Substantial open spaces also occur within the Lake Cahuilla County Park, Fish Traps Park, the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, and numerous golf courses within planned resort residential communities. Like the current General Plan, the proposed Plan applies a Hillside Overlay to lands occurring above the toe of slope of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. 1-21 TN!City of La Qointa. Comprehensive General Plan/Draft F1R Section I - latraductaon and Project.Desc ipfion Development in these areas may occur, but only when in strict conformance with the City's Hillside Conservation Zone Ordinance.. Application of the Hillside Overlay will contribute to the preservation of the mountains and will help limit potential impacts associated with continued urbanization. Open Space land use designations and acreages are provided in the following table. The proposed General Flap provides for approximately 14,120 acres of Open Space, which represents an increase of 1,763± acres (14%) over the current Plans. These additional Open Space lands are generally located in the approved, but yet undeveloped golf course resort developments, which are not designated as Open Space in the current General Plans. Proposed Annexation No. 12 The City is considering annexation of a portion of the General Plan planningarea and extension of its sphere of influence. In order to streamline the environmental review process, analysis of these areas is included in this General Plan FIR.. If the annexation proceeds, this EIR will serve as the environmental compliance document for subsequent annexations actions. As illustrated in Exhibit I-3, the proposed annexation area is located in the southeasterly portion of the planning area and is generally bounded by 52nd Avenue on the north. 62nd Avenue on the south, Jackson Street on the east, and the existing city limits on the west.. The annexation area totals approximately 5,420 acres and currently contains primarily vacant desert lands and large lot residential development, including ranches, a residential subdivision surrounding a golf course, and other scattered residential development. Approximately 4,160 acres (77%) in the proposed annexation area are developed, while the remaining 1,260 acres (23%) are vacant. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the population of the annexation area is approximately 639 residents. Assuming an average household size of 2.75 persons per household , the annexation'area currently contains an estimated 232 dwelling units, ail of which are presumed to be single-family units. Approximately 70% of the annexation area (3,782 acres) is currently designated for Agriculture and Very Low Density Residential (3A and 3B), with a maximum density of 2 dwelling units per acre, in the existing Riverside County General Plan. The remainder of the annexation area is assigned a mix of land use designations, including low to high density residential, golf course open space, mixed commercial, park facilities, and major community facilities. Two school sites and a park, totaling 40 acres and 10 acres, respectively, are located within the proposed annexation area. The Coral Mountain Specific Plan project is located in the .southwestern corner of the annexation area, This project has been approved by Riverside County for medium to high density (8 to 12 units per acre) residential, golf course, and limited commercial development, but is not yet developed. The City proposes to designate approximately 60% of the annexation area (3,280 acres) for Low Density Residential development with an Agricultural Overlay. Within this designation, land may be developed at a maximum density of 4 dwelling units per acre, and all existing agricultural land uses may continue until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. Under the proposed land use plan, approximately 11% of the annexation area is designated for Low Density Residential development (without an Agricultural Overlay); 10% is designated for Golf Course Open Space; 9% is designated for Medium High Density Residential; and 6 is designated for Medium Density 1-22 TN/City of La manta Comprehensive feral Plano/Draft EER Section I - Introduction and Project Description Residential. The remaining 4 of the annexation area is designated for a mix of commercial uses, major community facilities, open space and park facilities. The a mexation area also contains 2.45 acres of vacant Neighborhood Commercial land. Assuming 22% lot coverage at buildont, these lands could accommodate approximately 23,478 squaw feet of new commercial development. When combined with existing square footage, buildout of the annexation area could result in a total of about 946,724 square feet of commercial development. These estimates are part of the development described in Tables III-2 and In-3, which estimate future buildout levels in the entire General Plan planning area. Other vacant acres in the annexation area designated for a wide range of uses and are not expected .. to result in the development of substantial square footage. The annexation area contains 10.71 acres of vacant land designated for Major Community Facilities. These lands can accommodate a wide range of public service facilities, such as civic centers, schools, fire stations, and electrical substations. Other vacant acres in the annexation area are designated for Golf Course Open Space, Open Space, and Park Facilities, and any structures developed on these sites are expected to be limited to golf courses, clubhouses and recreational facilities. Proposed Sphere of Influence Amendment The proposed sphere of influence (SOI) amendment area consists of appmxixnately 8,205 acres bounded by Avenue 50 an the north, Jackson Street on the west, Avenues 62 and 66 on the south, and Polk, Harrison and Van $uren Streets on the east. The proposed sphere of influence area is depicted in Exhibit I-3. Land within the proposed SOI is currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County and .is primarily designated for Agriculture; with the exception of small pockets of land designated for residential (3A and 2B). development in the northernmost portion of the area. Small areas of Commercial and Manufacturing designated lands are also part of the SOI amendment area, as is the Kohl Ranch Specific Plan in the southeastern corner. The Kohl Ranch Specific Plan has been approved by Riverside County, but has not yet been developed. It includes lands designated for low, medium, and high -density development, as well as commercial, industrial, and open space land uses. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the SOI amendment area contains a population of approximately 2,304 residents. With an average household size of 2.75 persons per household, there are an estimated 837 existing dwelling units in the SOI amendment area, all of which are presumed to be single-family units. The SO'. amendment would be an administrative action that would provide the City with a greater degree of involvement m urban development occurring. within the SO'. Lands within the SOI would remain under- the jurisdiction of Riverside County, and the existing: land use designations assigned by the Riverside County General Plan would remain in effect. The County would be responsible for notifying the City of La Quinta of pending development cases, so that the City could stay abreast of development trends and issues in the SOL If the SOY area is annexed into the City, the above described land use designations would be implemented. The proposed SOX contains approximately 1,023 vacant acres designated for I-23 TNIcity of La Quinta Comprehensive General naltra,d1 EIR Section X - Introduction and Project Description residential development under the proposed land use plan. In addition, it is assumed that the majority of those lands currently in agriculture would be converted to low density residential land uses. Buildout of the area would be expected to result in the development of approximately 16,318 new dwelling units. This assumes that all residentiallands would develop at a rate of 75% of the maximum densities permitted. When combined with the number of existing dwelling units in the SOI amendment area, this yields approximately 19,243 dwelling units at area buildout. The SOI amendment area also contains .vacant lands designated for commercial development under the proposed land use plan. Approximately 32 vacant acres and 14 vacant acres are designated for Community Commercial and Mixed Regional Commercial uses, respectively. Assuming 22% lot coverage for commercial lands at buildout, the SDI area could accorninodate a total of about 3,557,857 square feet of commercial development. The Sol amendment area also includes about 60 vacant acres designated for Industrial development. Assuming 34% lot coverage for industrial lands at buildout, the SDI area could accommodate approximately 5,1580,528 square feet of industrial development. These buildout estimates are included in Tables 112, li[-3, and BI-4, which describe future buildout levels in the entire General Plan planning area, The 301 amendment area also includes vacant acres designated for Major Comuxurlity Facilities and Open Space under the proposed laud use plan. Because the Major Community Facilities designation permits the development of a wide range of public facilities, it is difficult to anticipate how these lands will be developed in the future, and what, if any buildings will be constructed on them. Lands designated for Open Space will remain undeveloped. Buildout of the sphere of influence amendment area is not expected to result in si.nilicagt land use incompatibilities, but noise, odor, visual and other incompatibilities may occur where agricultural and urban lands are adjacent to one another. These issues are evaluated in Section III-B, which specifically addresses Agricultural. Resources in the planning area. Other potential impacts are addressed throughout Section 17I of this EIR, Potential Impacts Addressed A wide range of environmeiata1 issues associated with the implementation of the La Quinta General Plan are assessed throughout the MR. These include, but are not limited to, land use compatibility, agricultural resources, traffic and circulation, flooding and drainage, geotechnical and seismic safety, air quality, biological and archaeological resources, noise impacts and visual resources. Other areas of concern include the availability of public services and facilities, and the socio-economic impacts associated with General Plan implementation. A brief summary of potential impacts in several issue areas discussed in detail in Section 1II of this .IR is provided below. Agricultural Resoles Under the existing Riverside County General Plan., approximately 19,938-acres are designated for agricultural land uses_ Under the Recommended General Plan, a total of 17,615 acres are included in the Agricultural Overlay. There are currently a total of 5,411.99 acres of land under Williamson Act contracts within the planning area. T24 TNiC ity of La Qul.nta Cannpreitensive General P1an/Drait.ErR Suction I - Intrudnction and Project Description Under the Recommended General Plan, approximately 6,280 acres an, designated for Very Low Density Residential (VLDR) development with an Agricultural Overlay. This designation provides for large lot single-family development, with densities up to 2 dwelling units per acre. The Agricultural Overlay provides for the contiuuatiou of existing agricultural activity at the discretion of the landowner. The Recommended General Plan designates approximately 11,335 acres for Low Density Residential (LDR) development with an Agricultural Overlay. This designation is the most prevalent in the easterly portion of the planning area and is applied to lands generally south • of Airport Boulevard, between Monroe and Tyler Streets, It supports the development of single-family attached and detached residences, with densities up to 4 units per acre, The Agricultural Overlay allows existing agricultural operations to continue, until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. Implementation of the Recommended Land Use Plan and Annexation No. 12 could result in the conversion of prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance to urban land uses, and could result in the cancellation of Williamson Act contracts on lands in the easterly portion of the planning area. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to agricultural resources is provided in Section III of this EJR. Traffic and Circulation Based on the land use pattern established by the Recommended Alternative, buildout of the planning area is expected to generate approximately 1,200,150 daily trip-ends.5 Daily traffic volume projections expected upon buildout of the Recommended Alternative are illustrated in Exhibit III-6. Based on the proposed land use patterns established by the Recommended General Plan, buildout of the mention area and of the SOI amendment area is expected to result in level of service D or better within. those areas, as depicted in Exhibit III-14, "Post 2020 Volume to Capacity Ratios for the Recommended Alternative". The average daily trip volumes projected to result from buildout of the Recommended Land Use .. Alternative and projected background traffic are generally not expected to result in. significant adverse impacts which cannot be addressed through the assignment of appropriate roadway classifications and planned roadway improvements, A detailed discussion of potential impacts to traffic and circulation is provided in Section Ri of this FIR_ 5 "City of La Qulhta General Plan Update Traffic Study (Revised), La Quinta, California," RX &Associates, Inc., September 28, 2000. TN/City of La Quinta • Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Ent Section I - Introduction and projectDescription Soils and Geology Areas of the City and planning area that have a moderate to high susceptibility to ruckfall and landslides are generally limited to the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and development adjacent to them. Alluvial fan deposits shed from the •Santa Rosa Mountains and blowing sand deposits in the northern planning area are vulnerable to collapse and/or hydrocompaction. When saturated, these soils could experience a rearrangeno.ent of their individual .grains, resulting in a loss of cementation and damage to structures and foundations that are built upon them. Lacustrine deposits associated with ancient Lake Cahuil]a contain relatively significant amounts of clay, and therefore could be moderately to highly expansive. Subsidence in the Coachella Valley is closely associated with groundwater overdraft. A ground fissure resulting from subsidence has been documented in La Quinta in the past, and future ground fissures have the potential to occur throughout much of the City. Structures sensitive to slight changes in elevation, such as canals, sewers and drainage improvements are generally sensitive to the effects of subsidence and may he damaged if subsidence occurs. The northern portion 'of the planning area is highly susceptible to wind erosion. Increased development and surface disruption resulting from grading and construction loosens soils and increases the amount of dust and other small particles in the air. The City currently requires the preparation of erosion control plans as part of the grading permit process, providing site -specific mitigation for this hazard with each development. Although the planning area does not contain any known active or potentially active faults, it is located in close proximity to the San Andreas and San Jacinto Fault Zones, and is vulnerable to the effects of strong seismic graur►dshaking. Geologic analysis of the San Andreas Fault Zone indicates that these segments have a moderate probability (22 to 28%) of generatiag a moderate to Large earthquake before year 2024. Earthquakes can cause substantial property damage, the loss of public services and facilities, and loss of life. Strong groundshaking can also trigger slope instability, liquefaction, settlement and flood inundation. A detailed discussion of potential impacts associated with soils and geology is provided itt Section III of this E]i. Flooding and Hydrology Overall, the adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan is not expected to result in significant adverse hydrological impacts. The General Plan Land Use Plan establishes a development intensity that generally minimizes the creation of impermeable surfaces through relatively low densities and the encouragement of integrated Specific Plans, and through the use of on -site retention/detention basins and other development methods which ,effectively reduce storzmwater runoff. Furthermore, the policies and programs established in the proposed Plan are expected to enhance inter -agency planning and cooperation, and facilitate the development of effective and cost-efficient local and regional drainage improvements. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to flooding and hydrology is provided in Section III of this FIR. I-26 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive {general Ptan/DraftFIR Section I - Introduction and Project Description Water Resources Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the development of approximately 66,811 new dwelling units. At the rate of 2.75 persons per household, General Plan buildout could generate an additional 183,730 residents within the planning area. When combined with the existing. City population of 24,240 persons, the City's population at General Plan buildout could potentially reach 207,970 persons. This is a conservative, long-range estimate that assumes all residential lands within the planning area will develop 'at 75 % of the maximum densities permitted. Based on the CVWD water consumption. factor of.550 gpd per capita, General Plan buildout could raise the city-wide total domestic Water demand to approximately 114.3 million gallons per day, or about 350 acre-feet per day. This estimate includes water consumed by existing and future residents. Actual impacts may vary depending on the actual number of persons per household at buildout, and the level and type of landscaping and water -dependent amenities within each project. CVWD estimates that approximately 40% of domestic water consumed is reintroduced into the groundwater table through percolation, and is not lost_ This includes a percentage of irrigation water applied to residential and other landscaping. Impacts to water quality are expected to be comparalile to, or slightly greater than those resulting from buildout of the current General Plan. While the proposed Plan facilitates more development, which could increase the potential for groundwater contamination, its policies and programs are directed at minimizing these risks -and assuring the continued implementation of federal, state, local and other applicable pollution control stand. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to water resources is provided in Section Il[ of this FIR. Biological Resources The La Quinta General Plan planning area harbors lands which provide suitable habitat for a wide range of common and sensitive plant and animal species. Development facilitated by implementation of the proposed General Plan will result in both direct and indirect impacts to biological resources in the planning area. The primary impacts are expected to be habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. Additional impacts include the removal of breeding and foraging habitat, the removal of native vegetation and its inherent wildlife habitat value, and the associated loss of wildlife species. Where new landscaping is introduced, exotic and other non-native plants which may be potentially harmful to humans and animals may prevail. During site grading and construction, a number of native animal species will be displaced and/or eliminated. However, those species capable of adapting to human disturbance may be attracted to newly developed parcels. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to biological resources is provided in Section III of this ETR. Cultural Resources Historically significant sites and structures are those that are 45 years of age or older and provide 1-27 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1anTDrafit PIR Section I - Introduction and Project Description evidence of past human activities. A high number of known archaeological and historic sites have been identified within the planning area. Mountainous slopes, canyons and alluvial fans, in . particular, have been shown to contain. ancient trails, rock cairns, and other signs of prehistoric occupation. Rolling sand dunes have been known to 'harbor evidence of Native American ..occupation associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla. Silty flat lands in the eastern planning area, which • are now largely in active cultivation, contained more recent Native American and Euroamerican settlements. • it is like y that additional sites and structures may be discovered during future development. Future development projects could potentially result in direct and/or indirect disturbance or destruction of sensitive archaeological and historic resources. • detailed discussion of potential impacts to cultural resources is provided .in Section III of this • MR. Air Quality The impacts anticipated from buildout of the proposed General Plan will constitute an incremental increase in the air pollutants affecting the Coachella Valley and the City of La Quinta. Given that most of the City's electrical power is generated in air basins outside the Coachella Valley, projects occurring within the City limits will also contribute to cumulative air quality impacts in other regions. It is important to•note that the emissions will be spread over the long-term life of the General Plan, and will not be emitted during a single quarter or in any short-term or concentrated manner. It is expected that future vehicle emissions will become more efficient in the future, as new combustion technologies are introduced. However, the impact of new technologies is difficult to anticipate, and even projected future rates of emissions for vehicular traffic cannot be considered definitive. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to air quality is provided in Section 111 of this J1R, Noise Noise impacts are expected to be primarily generated by increasing traffic volumes as the City proceeds to build out. The La Quiuta Traffic Model was used to determine the future volumes projected on major roadways. The average posted speed limits and a percentage mix of light and heavy truck traffic along the roadways are included in the modeling data, as supplied by the City, C'AO, and traffic counts prepaid for the General Plan Traffic Study. The noise analysis found that the Recommended Alternative of the General Plan will result in unmitigated noise levels ranging from 61.3 to 73,3 dBA CNEL at 100 feet from centerline in the City and planning area. Depending on the adjacent land use, mitigation measures will be required to reduce the noise levels to an acceptable level. The General Plan includes a policy which requires that the City adhere to the noise standards established in Community Noise and Land Use Compatibility, Table 6.1 of the Master Environmental Assessment. This noise standards allows a standard of 65 dBA CNEL for exterior noise levels adjacent to sensitive receptors such as residences, hospitals and convalescent homes. • 1-28 TN/City of lea Qth to Comprehensive General Plan/Draft > Sutton 1<- Itttrodnction and Project Description • A detailed discussion of potential impacts associated with noise is provided in Section III of this EIR: Visual Resources Iniplementatton of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the continued development of a. variety of residential, commercial and limited industrial structures, as well as golf courses and other resort developments. With the exception of hote1slmotels and other specialty structures, development facilitated by the Plan is expected to continue to be limited to low and medium density, low elevation structures. A -number of low density residential sites will be located within master planned communities and will benefit from consolidated open space, consistent architectural themes, and limited building heights. Regardless of the type of development that occurs; new structures, signage, parking lots, utility. infrastructure, lights and other elements of the built environment will result in additional visual impacts which could adversely affect surrounding viewsheds, either partially or wholly. Continued urbanization in undeveloped areas will change the topography and appearance of the valley floor from sandy substrate and alluvial fans with natural desert vegetation to a man-made built environment New development, particularly that which occurs in the eastern portion of the planning area where development is limited and agricultural lands predominate, will create increased light and glare resulting from residential, commercial and industrial activities. Increased traffic will generate additional headlights and lighting levels on local roadways. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to visual resources is provided,in Section ni of this EIR. blic Services and Facilities Buildout of the General Plan will result inincreased demand for public services and facilities, including schools, libraries, emergency services, health care facilities, solid waste disposal, Wastewater collection and treatment, domestic water service, and telephone, electric and natural gas utility services. The buildout of any project will be contingent on the service providers' ability to extend or provide services. The new residential units, commercial and industrial square footage resulting from buildout of the General Plan can be quantified, and identified needs for public facilities delineated. A detailed discussion of potential impacts to public services and- facilities is provided in Section DI of this EIR. u-Economic Res roes Buildout of the General Plan has the potential to generate revenues from a wide range of sources, most notably property, transient occupancy and sales taxes. Buildout will also generate additional costs for the provision of general government services and expanded infrastructure. The costs and revenues associated with buildout of the General Plan can be quantified, and cash flow estimates made. A detailed discussion of potential impacts on socio-economic resources is provided in Section EL{ of this CIR. I-29 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Ham Draft EIR Section I - Introduction and ProjectDeswription E. Draft General Plan Goals and Policies - The General Plan is designed to provide City officials and the general public with information necessary to make informed decisions. Both the BIR and General Plan servo as the bases for subsequent planning activities, including the preparation of special environmental and planning studies, The following goals and policies set forth the basic parameters for the General Plan. GENERAL LAND USE GOALS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS GOAL1 Land use compatibility throughout the City and its planning area. GOAL 2 High quality development which promotes the City's image as "The Gem of the Desert." Policy 1 The City shall maintain a .Land Use Map which implements the goals and policies of the Land XFse Element and other elements of the General Plan, Policy 2 The City Zoning Ordinance and Map shall be consistent with the General Plan land use designations. Program 2.1 The City shall maintain a Zoning Ordinance that corresponds to the designations established in the Land Use Element, and which guides and regulates development consistent with the General Plan. Program 2,2 The Zoning Ordinance shall include design standards in all zoning districts which assure high quality development Policy 3 The City shall continue to utilize planning tools as part of its overall economic development strategic plan. Policy 4 Specific Plans of Land Use shall be required ender the following circumstances: • For all projects in the Commercial Park, Industrial, Tourist Commercial, Resort Mixed Use and Regional Commercial designations. • For all projects proposing the integration of multiple land uses, .including golf course, tourist commercial and residential uses. - 1-34 TN/City of LaQuinta Comps hensive (etKrat PtanlDraft FIR Section I - Introduction and Project Description For all projects proposing flexible development standards differing from the City's Zoning Ordinance. - .Program 4.1 The City shall maintain detailed requirements for the preparation of Specific Plans in its Zoning = Ordinance. Program 4.2 For approved Specific Plans, the Director of Community Development shall have the ability to determine substantial conformance in a Specific Plan, and waive the need for a Specific Plan amendment under the following circumstances: ▪ When changes in the land use allocation within the Specific Plan are less than 5%, and no new land use is proposed. • When the of-sitecirculation pattern and turning movements will not be altered by the proposed change. • When conditions, as defined in the California Fnviromnental Quality Act, have not changed. Policy 5. All land use development proposals shall be consistent with all applicable land use policies and standards contained in the General Plan. Policy 6 In -fill development shall be encouraged by prioritizing capital improvements in the developed areas of the City. Program 6.1 The City shall maintain maps and other information showing the location of all available infrastructure as providedby the utility companies. Policy 7. The City shall maintain standards and procedures in its Zoning Ordinance which define the requirements for all development applications. Policy 8 The City shall carefully consider annexations of its planning area to accommodate growth. Program 8.1 . All, annexation- applications by land owners shall be accompanied by required environmental and fiscal impact analyses to ensure the orderly development of the City. I-3I TN/City MIA Quint' Comprehensive Cameral Plan/Draft F.[R Section I - Introduction and Project Description Program 82 The City shall undertake a comprehensive community outreach program for any City -initiated annexation effort, to encourage and facilitate community participation in the annexation process. Policy 9 Agricultural land uses in the planning area are encouraged. 1-32 TN/city o-r La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EYR Section 11- Regional Environmental Setting CITY OF LA QUINTA -DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE GENES PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 1 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTENG l;ntroduction This section of the EIR provides a general introduction to the environmental setting of the Coachella Valley, of which La Quinta is a part. Issues are discussed from a regional perspective to provide a broad and comprehensive understanding of the, issues associated with implementation of the proposed General Plan. Topics discussed include existing and surrounding land use patterns in La Quinta, regional climate, topography, soils and geology, and biological resources_ Also addressed are regional air quality iss►ies, visual resources, traffic and circulation, cultural resources, and public services and facilities, The City of La Quinta conducted an Initial Study in accordance with Sections 15063, 15064, and 1 065 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines (see Appendix A). Issues identified as potentially significant in the Initial Study are analyzed in detail in Section lil of this document_ A. Existing Land Use The City of La Quinta is located in the south central portion of the Coachella Valley in Riverside County. The current land use pattern in the City can be described as a low density residential community, which is bisected by State Highway 111. The most intense land uses generally occur along Highway 1 1 1 and Washington Street. Residential lands comprise the largest land use category in the planning area_ Existing residential development is predominantly low density detached and attached single family dwellings within standard subdivisions and country club development. The Cove area of the City .represents the oldest residential development and occurs on smaller lots in a standard street grid. Some multi- family development has also occurred in the City, but it does not represent a significant percentage of residential development in the community. Residential 1and.uses represent about 93% of all land - TNI ity of La Quinta Comprehensive Gceral Plan/Draft Hit Section II - banal Environmental Setlimg uses within the incorporated City limits, and 62% of land uses in the entire planning area. Further analysis shows that about 82% of the residential lands within the City occur at densities of 4 units to .the acre or less. In the planning .area, 71% of residential lands are in agriculture. MI of the agriculturally designated lands are in the Thermal planning area. Medium • and high density - • residential land use designations total about 3,158 act in the entree planning area. These -represent about 10% of all residential lands and 6% of all land uses. • Commercial lands accommodate a wide range of retail and other commercial services, ranging from offices to regional commercial facilities. There are 1,3671 acres of commercially designated lands • within the City limits, and 1,996* iin the entire planning area. This represents 7% of all City lands, and 4% of lands within the entire planning area. industrial land uses range from warehousing to heavy industrial uses. There are approximately • .1,947 acres of industrially designated lands within the planning area, the majority of which are adjacent to the Bermuda Dunes and Thermal airports. These represent about 4% of all lands within the planning area. There are currently no industrially designated lands within the City ofLa Quinta incorporated limits. The balance of land uses in the planning area include public and quasi -public development, which represents approximately 298 acres, or 0.5% of all planning area lands. Other land use designations include Parks,•with 921 acres (2% of all lands); Open Space, with 7,902 acres (15% of all lands);, Golf Courses totalling 4,695 acres (9% of all Lands); Watercourse; with 601 acres (1% of all lands); and Airports, totalling 2,184 acres (4% of all lands). B. Surrounding Land Uses A number of jurisdictions surround the City of La Quints, including the cities of Palm Desert and Indian Wells to the west, the cities of Indio and Coachella on the east, and the County of Riverside to the north, east and south. Lands to the west are generally designated for residential and commercial land uses, as are lands north of the City. Lands in Indio to the east are primarily commercial, while lands in Coachella are both commercial and residential. Riverside County lands outside the planning area are primarily agricultural and open space in nature. As a rule, lands to the west and north of the planning area are more urban, while lands to the east and south are more rural. This pattern can be expected to continue for the short to mid-term. The Riverside County General Plan is currently being revised, and new land use designations may vary from those currently assigned to the planning area and surrounding lands. The City is generally bounded on the south and West by the steep, slopes and foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains, which form the southern boundary of the large Coachella Valley. The Coral Reef Mountains extend north from the Santa Rosas into the central portion of the City and physically constrain development in this area. Much of the land within the Santa Rosa Mountains is publicly owned, and is preserved as open space and targeted for conservation. II-2 TN/City of La Qulnta Comprehensive General P]anfDraft EIR Section II - Regional Environmental Setting C. Agricultural Resources In contrast to the urbanized City core, the easterly portion of the planning area is best characterized as arural,. agrarian region dominated by agricultural and open space lands, with scattered residential - and commercial development These lands are currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County, and approximately 19,938 acres in this area are currently designated for agricultural land uses by the Riverside County General Plan, A substantial amount of these lands are classified as prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance by the County Agricultural Resources Map. The County currently maintains approximately 153 parcels with Williamson Act contracts' in the planning area, in an effort to preserve agricultural lands and protect them from urban encroachment. These contracts apply to a total of 5,411.99 in the planning area, including areas of -Annexation No. 12 and the proposed sphere of influence (SOD amendment. Development trends over the few years, however, indicate that agricultural land in this region is being converted to urban development, and the agricultural -urban interface is gradually shifting further east. Recently constructed or approved urban projects in this area include golf courses surrounded by low and medium density single-family reside-ntial development, sod' as Coral Mountain and The Village at The Palms, and mixed -use developments like Kohl Ranch. These trends and the potential impacts of the Recommended General Plan on agricultural resources are discussed in more detail in Section 1 B of this document. D. Topography Topography has and continues to play a major role in shaping the land use and circulation patterns in the Coachella Valley and the City of La Quinta. The Valley has been significantly affected by geologic uplift, weathering and erosion, and a variety of canyon drainages that have shaped and filled the valley floor. The Valley is characterized by extreme variaiian in topographic features, from a sub -sea geologic sink to mountain peaks rising two miles above sea level. The Salton Sea is located at the southeast end of the Valley and occurs at an. elevation of about 228 feet below sea level. At the northwestern end of the Valley are the San Jacinto and San Bernardino Mountains, with peaks ranging from 9,600 to more than 11,000 feet above sea level. These mountains shield the valley from western maritime wind floats and focus prevailing winds through the narrow San Gorgonio Pass. This Sonoran desert environment is comprised of large and smaller scale alluvial fans and a valley floor with sand dunes and fields, and rocky, sandy washes that drain the surrounding mountains. Topography within the General Plan planning area also varies significantly. Elevations range from a low of about 190 feet below sea level in the southeastern portion of the planning area, to a high of about 1,600 feet above sea, level at the peak of the Coral Reef Mountains. The topography of the planning area provides a variety of development opportunities. and constraints. Terrain in the There nal portion of the planning area occurs at:gently sloping lower elevations, and is well -suited - for agricultural activity. Lands in the vicinity of the Coral Reef and Santa Rosa Mountains provide spectacular views, including the Cove residential area of the City, which occurs on a large alluvial fan. ' 1 Riverside County Assessor's ice. Agricultural Division, April, 2001. • Mary of La Quinla Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Section H - Regional Environmental Setting 11+ . Climate The climatic conditions of the Coachella Valley and City of La Quinta can be best characterized as a subtropical, low desert climate with high swnnaer daytime temperatures, low 'rainfall, low relative humidity and cool nights Maximum daytime temperatures can reach 125' Flit on the desert floor in summer,. while winter nights can drop to sole -freezing temperatures. The planning area includes the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, which_are generally cooler, with an approximate 51decrease for every 1,000 foot increase in elevation. In addition to relatively high_ temperatures and low precipitation, wind play an significant roles in shaping climate of the City and Coachella Valley. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) monitors regional rainfall through gauges located in Palm Springs and Indio. Thirty years of data indicate that mean annual rates of precipitation are approximately 3 inches in Indio and 5.33 inches in Palm Springs_ Most. precipitation occurs during the cooler months of November through March, but occasional, high - intensity thunderstorms and tropical storms occur in late summer and early fall. Dne to its unique physiographic characteristics, the Coachella Valley is also highly susceptible to strong, sustained wind gusts. The extreme aridity of the region, and the draw effect which pulls cooler ocean -modified air masses through the San Gorgonio Pass into the valley, generate strong winds which transport large quantities .of sand. This natural sand migration and transport process can pose a significant risk to health and property. High wind conditions occur primarily in the spring months of April through June. The Bermuda Dunes area in the northern planning area is included within a "Blowsand Hazard Area," as designated in the Riverside County Comprehensive General Plan.2 Much of the southern planning area is effectively shielded from strong winds and wind erosion by the Santa loos a Mountains. F. Traffic/Circulation ..Regional traffic in the Coachella Valley is accommodated by several major roadways, including U.S. Interstate-10, Highway 1.11, Highway 74, Highway 86 and Highway 62. Interstate-10 connects the Valley with the Los Angeles/Riverside/San Bernardino metropolitan areas to the west and the Phoenix region to the east. State Highway 111 is essentially an intro valley roadway which connects the Valley with the communities of the Imperial Valley to the southeast. Highway 86 connects the eastern•Valley to Imperial Valley, and Highway 74 connects the central Valley with mountain communities, southwestern Riverside County, and northern San Diego County. Traffic patterns in the planning area are governedto some extent by the geographic constraints imposed -by the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains and the existing development pattern. Major east -west conveyance is achieved primarily along Interstate 10 .and Highway 111, with secondary east -west circulation in the City and planning area provided by 42nd Avenue, Fred Waring Drive, 2 Environmental Hazards and Resources Element, "Riverside County Comprehensive General Plan," Riverside County Planning Department, adopted March 6, 1984 and revised Tune 3,1993. 114 TNJcity of La Quinta Cothprchensive General I tannDraft BIR Seetion 11- Regional Environmental Setting 50th Avenue and Airport Boulevard. Major north -south arterials in the City include Washington Street, Jefferson Avenue and Madison Avenue. Major intersections in the City are important components of the regional roadway system, Of particular importance are those intersections which provide access to regional arterials, including Interstate-10 and Highway 111. The current functionality and future demand of roadway's and intersections are discussed in detail in Section III-C of this document. G. Hydrology As discussed above, rnost•regional. precipitation occurs during the cooler months, from November through March, However, occasional high -intensity thunderstorms and tropical storms can occur between mid -summer and early fall. Given the lack of vegetation and the composition of regional soils, high -intensity precipitation events. in the desert can result in substantial runoff and flooding. Although the ground may be .generally dry at the beginning of a storm, sufficient amounts of rainfall can saturate the surface, reducing percolation and increasing runoff. Overland flow, which occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil, is especially predominant on hillsides and paved surfaces. Given the hillside terrains in the southern and southwestern portions of the General Plan planning area, overland flow and hooding may be issues of concern. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) publishes Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIIRM) which depict varying degrees of potential flood hazards for developed or developing areas of communities throughout the 'United Sta es. FIRM maps serve as the basis for determining the need for federal flood insurance and assist Local governments in providing for safe land use and flondplain development. The frequency of flooding on a given site is often referred to as the "base flood," or the 100-year flood, which has a one percent probability of occurring in a given year. According to FIRM maps for the City of La Quinta and the surrounding planning area, the flood hazard is primarily associated with storm flooding and drainage from the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Limited portions of the planning area occur within the 100-year flood zone, including lands in the vicinity of Eisenhower Drive and Washington Street, south of the La Quinta Evacuation Channel. The 100-year flood. is also contained within the Whitewater River, the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, and a series of channels, dikes and detention basins surrounding the Cove neighborhood, The Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) is responsible for the management of regional drainage within and in the vicinity of the City of La Quinta, and the City is responsible for managing: local drainage. Both the City and CVWD have participated in the construction of stormwater drainage improvements in the planning area, some of which include the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, the Upper Bear Creek drainage system, and the East La Quinta Channel. The Whitewater River, which is referred to as the Coachella Valley Ston uwater Channel in La Quinta, passes through the northernportion of the City, and is the largest drainage feature in the Coachella Valley. A More detailed discussion of existing and proposed flood control improvements is provided in Section lII-E of this docut neent. 11-5 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDraftEM Section ii - Regional Environmental Setting 11. Soils and Geology • ismicity The Coachella Valley region is susceptible to a wide range of hazards associated with geotechnical conditions. The City of La Quinta is part of the northwestern extension of the Salton Trough, a broad structural depression which has been formed by the landward extension of the East Pacific . `.Rise ridge and fault system. This spreading ridge is responsible for separating Baja California from mainland Mexico and creating the Gulf of California, the Imperial Valley and the Coachella Valley. This spreading action is also responsible for moving the Pacific Plate to the northwest relative to the North American Plate, and resulting in the generation of earthquakes that occur in southern California. Recent analysis indicates that far too few earthquakes have occurred in southern California in the last 200 years to account for the rate of movement between the Pacific and North American plates. The data suggest that the region will be subject to either numerous moderate earthquakes or a few larger (Magnitude 7.2 or higher) earthquakes in the next twenty to thirty years. Although no active or potentially active faults are known to occur within the planning area, the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Elsinore Fault Zones are located in the vicinity and are capable of impacting development in the planning area. Issues associated with these geotechnical conditions include ground shaking, liquefaction, rock falls and landslides, subsidence .and seismically induced settlement. The potential for these hazards to occur in the planning area will be discussed. in more detail in Section III -I). Soils Geotechnical constraints in the planning area are also affected by the characteristics of the rocks and sediments that lie beneath the area. The City lies at the base of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and is primarily underlain by four types of geologic deposits: granitic basement rock associated with the mountains, lacustrine deposits associated with former bodies of water, alluvial deposits shed from the mountains, and blowing sand deposits. The granite which borders the City to the south is more than 65 million years old, and forms the basement rock of the region, The granite forms steep slopes which have weathered over time, forming large boulders that pose a rockfall hazard to areas adjacent to and downgradient from these slopes. Interbedded Quaternary lake and alluvial deposits underlie much of the central and eastern planning area, and were deposited by ancient Lake Cabuilla and other large lakes that inundated the Salton Trough as recently as 400 years ago. Alluvial deposits are primarily found at the mouths of drainages emanating from the Santa Rosa Mountains. The northern portion of the City and planning area, north of and surrounding Highway 111, is underlain by active sand dunes. Additional discussion of the geologic units underlying the planning area is provided in Section 111- D. II TN/City of La Quanta Comprehensive General Planinraft BLR Section II - Ragioual Environmental Setting L Water Quality/Resources Analyses conducted by the ITS Geological Survey and the California Department of Water Resources of groundwater basins underlying the Coachella Valley have determined that these basins are separated into distinct subbasins and subareas within subbasins. Fault barriers that create constrictions in the basin profile, and areas of low permeability limit and control the inflow and movement of groundwater. It has been estimated that the first 1,000 feet of the Ocotillo Conglomerate and other water -bearing infill that has eroded into the fault -controlled valley floor have a total storage capacity of more than 39 million acre-feet (one acre foot equals about 327,000 gallons).3 Domestic Water Resources Domestic water is provided to the City and unincorporated lands in the southeasterly portion of the planning area by the Coachella Valley Water District (CVVVD). The Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company provides domestic water to the Bermuda Dunes area in the northern portion of the planning area. Both agencies utilize wells to extract groundwater from the Whitewater River subbasin. The subbasin is recharged both naturally, through percolation of runoff from the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and artificially through the importation of Colorado River water` transported via the Colorado River Aqueduct. Whitewater River Subbasin The Whitewater River Subbasin encompasses a major portion of the Coachella Valley floor, covering approximately 400 square miles and extending fr .nu the junction of Interstate-10 and State Highway 111, southeast approximately 70 miles to the Salton Sea. It is divided into four subareas: Palm Springs subarea, Thermal subarea, Thousand Palms subarea, and Oasis subarea. The General Plan planning area is underlain by the lower Thermal Subarea. Depletion of the groundwater in storage in the Whitewater River Subbasin has confirmed steadily since the expansion of agricultural activities in the early 1900's. Also contributing to the overdraft is the development of the Coachella Valley as a destination resort area, with numerous golf courses and lushly landscaped residential developments. With the introduction of Colorado River water into the lower Coachella Valley in 1951, the total amount of water in storage in the Valley began to increase, Between 1935 and 1951, the drawdown on the Whitewater River Subbasin resources totalled approximately 760,000 acre-feet, The increase of water in storage after 1951 generally represents unusable semi -perched ground water from agricultural irrigation in the lower valley and did not represent an increase in a usable water supply. These •perched_ waters may one day become available for use when treatment becomes cost-effective. Water Quality Water quality in the Coachella Valley is generally good to excellent, Exceptions are primarily limited to perched and semi -perched water tables occurring in the southern portions of the 3 "Engineer's Report on Water Supply and Replenishment Assessment 1998199," prepared by Water Resources Branch, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, April 1998. 11-7 micity of La. Quinta Comprehensive General PlaraDraft FIR Section II - Regional Environmental Setting Whitewater River Subbasin, where on -going crop irrigation has increased total dissolved solids. Another more recent, but Less extensive iinpact on area groundwater has been contamination associated with longterm discharge from on -lot septic systems. These and other water resources issues are discussed in more detail in Section III I~. J. Biological Resources The Coachella Valley and the City of La Qulnta are located at the western edge of the Colorado Desert sub -unit of the Sonoran Desert. The San Jacinto, San Bernardino and Santa Rosa Mountains effectively isolate the Valley from moderating coastal influences from the west, As a result, the region is characterized by extremely hot daily temperatures during the summer, mild winters., low humidity and low mean annual rainfall. The desert floor generally supports sparse vegetation Which is limited by heat and aridity. However, the regional climate becomes milder with increasing elevation, and regional mountain slopes are capable of supporting more vegetation. Canyons and springs support native fan palm communities and a wide variety of other plants and animals. The various habitat types supported in the General Plan planning area are briefly described below. Habitat Communities Stabilized Sjrtd Dunes Most lands north of 50th Avenue are comprised of stabilized, shielded desert sand fields. This habitat consists of windblown sand that is stabilized by vegetation and lacks dune formation, While this natural community provides potential habitat for the endangered Coachella Walley nilkvetch, much of it has been disturbed by roads and urban development, and none is of such high quality that it has been targeted for conservation, .10Fsquite Hummocks Mesquite hummocks consist of large clumps of honey mesquite occurring on level terrain and/or over sand dunes. These plant communities are typically associated with the presence of high soil moisture or springs, and provide valuable habitat to a number of birds, as well as the Palm Springs round -tailed ground squirrel. Sonoran Creote Bush Scrub Sonoran creosote bush scrub is the most common natural community in the Coachella Valley, and is generally found above the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla.. Dominant plant species include creosote bush, brittlebush and burrobush. Sonoran Woody and Succulent Sea b The lower slopes of the Santa Rosa Mountains are comprised of Sonoran mixed woody and succulent scrub. This community contains diverse perennial shrubs, brittlebush, creosote bush, catclaw acacia, and several species of cacti. Sensitive species associated with this community include California ditaxis and glandular ditaxis. flinty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section II - Regional Environmental Setting alert Dry Wash Woodland Desert dry wash woodland habitat occurs within desert washes on alluvial fans below the Santa Rosa Mountains, including areas south of the Cove and east of Bear Creek. Dominant species include smoke tree,. palo verde and cheesebush. Desert washes often serve as travel corridors for wildlife using both the valley floor and mountainous habitat, and also provide important habitat for a wide range of bird species. Tawsk Scrub Tamarisk scrub represents any of several. Tamarsx species, which usually supplant .native vegetation following major ground surface disturbances. This cornmeeity is actually misnaned as a "natural" community, since it is not composed of indigenous plant specks. Within the planning area, it is prevalent near the Desert Resorts Airport. The rocky slopes of the Santa Rosa Mountains offer habitat to a wide range of wildlife including ..bighorn sheep, chuckwalia, golden eagles and mountain lions. Plant species include perennials and annuals, with plant size and density increased with elevation and associated increased in annual rainfall. • Sensitive Wildlife Species The Coachella Valley and City of La Quinta are host to a wide variety of sensitive plant and animal species, some of which have been listed as threatened or endangered by the state and federal governments. Most notable of these are the Coachella Valley fringe -toed lizard, desert tortoise, Coachella Valley milkvetch, and Peninsular bighorn sheep. Regional Biological Resource Areas Various governmental organizations and public/quasi-public agencies have established biological resource areas in the Coachella Valley. The Santa Rosa Mountains Wildlife Habitat Area (WHA) is located in the upper foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains, and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management, the California Departrnent of Fish and Game (CDFG), the U.S. Forest Service, and the University of California. The primary goal of the WI-XA is to manage the population of Peninsular bighorn sheep within the Santa Rosa Mountains by preserving the neural; undisturbed character of its habitat. Much ❑ f the Santa Rosa Mountains have been designated as -a Cane Refuge by CDFG, primarily for the protection of the bighorn. Two sections of land in the southwestern portion of the planning area are designated as a Wilderness Study -Area, and are eligible for classification as "Wilderness" by Congress due to their primeval, undisturbed character. Each of these resource areas is discussed in greater detail in Section 311. K. C.ultural Resources Cultural resources in the Coachella Valley include Native American settlements that were established before and after the arrival of European -Americans, as well as historical structures and features that were built and used as early as the 1700's by European settlers. 1E-9 Tity of La Quints - Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section I - Regional Environmental Setting Pre -European Period Based upon the current knowledge of artifacts and habitation sites dating back approximately 12,000 years, archaeologists have divided the pre -European epoch into five periods: Early Man Period, PaleceIndian Period, Early Archaic Period, Late Archaic Period and Late Prehistoric Period: The earliest prehistoric periods were characterized by the use of large stone points for the hunting • and processing. or large iceage mammals. As_ the climate and food resources changed,' local • inhabitants began using smaller projectile Weapons to hunt smaller game. This period involved substantial migration of people. About 4,000 years ago, cultural complexity and variation improved, and stone tools became more sophisticated, thereby allowing for the processing of seeds and grains. By about 1,500 years ago, the milling of food stuffs continued.. The bow and arrow were introduced around this time, facilitating additional hunting opportunities. During the latest period, from around 1200 to just before European contact in the 1700's, local inhabitants traded extensively with tribes of the Colorado River and learned to make pottery for cooking amid food storage. Archaeological evidence indicates that numerous settlements and other cultural sites were established throughout the Coachella Valley. Among these sites were villages, milling sites used on a seasonal basis to process food materials, lithic workshops for making stone tools and weapons, and artistic and religious rock sites. Cahuilla Culture The Cahn ine are the most recent identifiable native culture to evolve in the Coachella Valley region. They are generally divided into three groups: the Pass Cahuilla of the Banning -Beaumont area; the Mountain Cahuilla of the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains; and the Desert Cahuilla of the Coachella Valley, as far south as today's Salton Sea. Each clan, or lineage, had its own food harvesting areas, ceremonial house and lineal chief, but a number of lineages are known to have cooperated with one another for political and economic purposes. The Desert Cahuilla had many villages throughout the Coachella Valley, including those associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla, which evaporated in A.D. 1500. With the lake's disappearance, mountains and canyons became more important sources of water, food and fiber. In the mid-1850's, during the earliest government surveys of the La Quinta area, surveyors observed eight Indian villages in or near the planning area, ahnost all of which were important settlements of the Desert or Pass Cahuilla, One of the most prominent of these settlements was the village of Toro, located at the edge of the planning area. Other man-made features associated with the Cahuilla in the planning area include a system of trails and roads. The first Cahuilla contact with _Europeans occurred in the 1770's, when Spaniards crossed through Cahuilla territory in search of new eland routes between Mexico and northern California.4 During the 1860's, European disease, to which the Cahuilla had no immunity, decimated the Cahuilla population which declined from an estimated 6,000 to 10,000 people to only 2,500 individnete 5 4 "The Cahuilla," Lowell John Bean and Lisa Baurgeauult. C tielaea House Publishers, 1989, 5 ibid. 11-10 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive Cep P1an.Draft I IR Section II - Regional Environmental. Setting Non -Indian Settlement of Coachella Valley . Non -Indian settlement of the Coachella Valley began in the 1870's with the establishment of railroad stations along the Southern Pacific rail line. The earliest settlement in the City ofLa Quinta, however, did not occur until the early 1900's, when several desert land claims and homestead claims were filed with the U.S. General Land'Office (GLO) on various parcels within the planning area. The construction of the La Quinta Hotel in 1926 provided the impetus for resort --style development, and by the early 1930's, the Cove subdivision was established to satisfy the demand for weekend resort homes. Issues associated with the location of both prehistoric and historic resources in the planting area are further addressed in Section 111-11. L. Visual Resources • Among the Coachella Valley's most valuable assets is its exceptional mountain and open space views. The Valley is flanked by the San Jacinto Mountains to the west, the San Bernardino and Little San 'Bernardino Mountains to the north, and the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, all of which were created by complex geological forces. The resulting viewsheds include contrasting mountain scenery and vast expanses of desert on the valley floor. Views of the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa ranges, in particular, are highly valued. The San Jacinto Mountain Range extends from its highest elevation at Mt. San Jacinto at the extreme north, southward to the Santa Rosa Mountains. Mt. San Jacinto is the highest peak in this range, reaching an elevation of 10,804 feet above sea level. The San Jacinto Mountains are located approximately 12 miles northwest of the City.. The San Bernardino and Little San Bernardino Mountains comprise the elevated terrain that forms . the 'northern and northwestern boundary of the Coachella Valley. San Gorgonio peak in the San Bernardino Mountains. is the highest peak in the region and rises to an elevation of 11,502 feet. The Little San Bernardino range occurs about ten to twelve miles north of the planning area. Edom Hill, Plat Top Mountain and other features of the Indio Hills are located approximately four miles north and northwest. of the planning area.- These hills .stanch at more than 1,000 feet above the Valley floor: They provide a vivid display of color in late afternoons. Perhaps the most important visual resources to the City of La Quinta are the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, which extend through the westerly and southwesterly portions of the planning area. The Santa Rosa Mountains, in particular; provide a dramatic backdrop to the lands and built environment located on the valley floor. The highest peaks include Toro Peak at 8,717 feet and Santa Rosa peak at about 8,000 feet. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Diaft 1 section II - Regional Environmental Setting M. Air Quality The air quality of a particular locale is based on the amount of pollutants emitted and dispersed, and climatic conditions that may reduce or enhance the formation of pollutants: In the Coachella Valley, 'the responsibility for establishing criteria by which air quality is measured lies with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The air quality of the Coachella Valley and City of La Quanta is generally considered good, particularly when compared to other areas of Southern California. Nonetheless, in the past few decades, noticeable deterioration of air quality has occurred_due to increased development and population growth, traffic, construction activity and various other site disturbances. It is apparent that, although some air pollutants are emitted from various sources in the Coachella Valley, the most evident degradation of regional air. quality can be attributed mainly to sources outside the area, including the Los Angeles County and San Bernardino/Riverside air basins. Ozone and PM10 (see below) aro the most prevalent air pollutants in the Coachella Valle +. Other pollutants are not believed to constitute significant threats to public health. Regionally representative air quality measurements are routinely taken for Pl M10 and ozone, with monitoring conducted in Indio and at the Palm Springs International Airport. The La Quinta area is expected to occasionally exceed the state standard for ozone (0.09 ppmfhr) and to less frequently exceed the federal standard (12 ppmfhr). Suspended particulate matter is the most serious air quality issue faced by the region, which occasionally exceeds both state (>50pglm3 or 50 micrograms per, cubic meter) and federal (>150 gfrn3) standards for especially small particles of 10 microns or smaller; these pollutants are known at Plvl[10. The Coachella Valley region is currently classified as a federal "nonattainnaent area" for PM10. However, recent monitoring data indicate that substantial improvements in P10 emissions have been made over the past several years, and the region is now eligible for reconsideration by the Y.S. EPA having attained the federal PM10 standard. The EPA was expected to issue its opinion regarding attainment status in the year 2000. N. Noise Concern regarding the potential psychological and physiological impacts of noise pollution has increased significantly in recent years. Excessive noise levels can cause temporary, as well as permanent physical damage and psychological distress in many people. Some examples of noise related damage are incremental hearing loss, and noise related stress, including sleep .disruption and anxiety. The most common sound range is between 40 dB (very quiet) and 100 dB (very loud). Conversation at three feet is roughly at 60 dB, while Loud engine noise, which can cause discomfort, equates to about 100 dB. Community noise impacts are commonly evaluated using the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) noise index., which reduces the combined effect of daily uaise exposure to a single number. The value computed by this method is the sum of the decibel values of the sound, averaged over 24 hours, with corrections for time of day. 11-12 TN/City of La Quinta 'Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ElR Section II - Regional Environmental Setting The predominant noise source in the City and region is vehicular traffic associated with arterials and highways, including Interstate-10, State Highway 111 and Washington Street. Lands in the immediate vicinity of the Thermal and Bermuda Dunes airports May experience occasional, . 'moderate noise intrusions from aircraft overfliJJits These potential impacts are further assessed in Section III. G. Public Facilities and Services A wide range of public services and facilities are currently provided within the City of La tiuta and the vicinity. These include local and regional governmental services, special districts, and services and facilities provided by public utilities. Service providers are identified below, and the extent of their services is discussed further in Section III-L. Damestie Water Domestic water services are provided to the City of La Quinta and much of the Coachella Valley by the Coachella Valley Water •District (CVWD). The Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company provides domestic water to development in the Bermuda Dunes area. Both agencies derive water resources principally from the Whitewater River Subbasin, which underlies the City and much of the upper Coachella Valley. Groundwater resources are also augmented through the recharging of the aquifer with Colorado River water delivered through the Colorado River Aqueduct, owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District. Currently, the groundwater resource is in an overdraft condition.. Wastewater Treatment Wastewater collection and treatment services and facilities are provided to the City by the Coachella Valley Water District. Wastewater collected north of Miles Avenue is conveyed to and treated at a wastewater treatment plant located at Madison Street and Avenue 3S. Effluent collected from the remainder of the planning area is conveyed to the Mid -Valley Reclamation Plant located on Avenue 63, between Fillmore and Pierce Streets. While much of the planning area is sewered, many businesses and residences still utilize individual septic systems, particularly scattered development in Bermuda Dunes ad naost development south of Airport Boulevard. Solid Waste Solid waste collection and disposal services are provided by several vendors in the. Coachella Valley. Waste Management of the Desert provides these services to much of the planning area., including the City of La Quinta, Bermuda Dunes and Thermal. Waste Management of the Desert operates a curb -side recycling program, which has substantially diverted recyclables from the waste streamentering area landfills. Most solid waste collected in the planning area is disposed of at the Edorn Hill Landfill, while a small amount of waste collected in Thermal is transported tv the Mecca Landfill. The Edom Mils •Landfill is nearing capacity, and the City and Waste Management will need to assess alternative landfill sites which can accommodate waste generated by existing and future' development. II-13 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General F7anitraft EIR Section 11 - Regional Environmental Bening Natural Gas Natural gas is typically used for space heating and commercial and industrial process hewing, as well as cooking and some air conditioning applications. Natural gas service is provided to much of the planning area by The Gas Company, formerly known as Southern California Gas Company'. 'Natural gas is transported to the region via high-pressure transmission lines north of Interstate-10, and delivered to development through lower pressure supply and distribution lines. Natural gas service is available to most development in the planning area, however, its availability is limited - south of Air port Boulevard and in the Cove area of La Quinta. Electricity Electric power services are provided to the planning area by the Imperial lrrigatiom District (IIi)), which operates six substations in the planning area. IID is a water and power district primarily serving the agricultural areas of the Imperial and Coachella Valleys. IID plans for and accommodates future development in other to avoid service deficiencies, and has identified the need for a new substation between the La Quinta city limits and Thermal wort to meet future demands. Education The planning area is served by two public school districts: Desert Sands Unified School District (DSUSD), which serves students living west of Jefferson Street and north of Avenue 48, and Coachella Valley Unified School District (CVUSD),.. D),. which serves the remainder of the planning area. DSUSD currently operates five schools in the planning area and has no immediate plans to construct any new schools within the planning area boundaries. However, plans to build two new schools within one mile of the planning area may help alleviate overcrowding iu existing schools. CVUSD operates three schools in the planning area, and is planning a large, 3-school campus at the southerly boundary of the planning area. Private education is provided to the planning area by Christian School of the Desert and several other schools in the Valley. Library The La Quinta Public Library is a branch of the Riverside County Library System and is located at 79-080 Calle Estado, The facility originally opened in 1988, butwas rededicated in 1999 to celebrate its expansion to 4,130 square feet. The library contains approximately 28,000 volumes, as well as a computer lair and reference section. A new 10,000 square foot library is being planed for the City Hail complex and is expected to open in year 2002. - Health Facilities In addition to a number of private physicians' offices, several large health care facilities are located in the vicinity of La Qiiinta. The JohnF. Kennedy Memorial Hospital in Indio has 130 patient beds and approximately 85 active physicians. Hospital facilities include a 24-hour emergency room, intensive care unit, cardiac care unit and other specialized care facilities. TN/City of La Quanta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Ellt Section lI - Regional Environmental Setting The Eisenhower Medical Center complex is located is Rancho Mirage and encompasses 98 acres. It consists of four facilities: Eisenhower Medical Center, Betty Ford Center for Chemical Dependency, Barbara Sinatra Children's Center, and the Annenberg Center for World Health Sciences. The center is licensed for 261 beds and includes an emergency room, intensive care unit, cardiac care unit and other specialized care units. Desert Regional Medical Center is located in Palm Springs, approximately tea miles.nori_hwest of La Quinta. The hospital •is a private, non-profit hospital that is licensed for 305 acute -care beds and includes a 24-hour emergency room, trauma center, Horne Health Care department and Hospice of the Desert. Fire Protectinr-t Fire protection services are provided to the City of La Quinta and its planning area by the Riverside County Fire Department. The planning area is serviced by six fire stations with overlapping coverage areas, including two in La Quinta, one in Bermuda Dunes, one in Indio, one in. Indian Wells, and one near the Thermal Airport_ The County Fire Department has plans to construct a new fire station in north la Quinta, near the intersection of Westward Ho and Dune Palms Road. Police Protection The Riverside County Sheriff's Department provides police protection to the City of La Quinta, its sphere-ofiinfluence and the planning area. The sheriff's station serving the planning area is located on Doctor Carreon Boulevard in Indio. Three sheriff's units and one Community Services Officer are currently assigned to the City, while incidents and patrols within the unincorporated planning area are handled by County beat cars. O. Socio-Econoirric Resources Since • 1990, the City of La Quinta has been the fastest growing city in the Coachella Valley, with population increases averaging about 10% per year. The City's 2000 population was estimated at 24,240 residents.6 The average age in La Quinta is 32 years. slightly younger than the state average of 36 years. The average City resident also enjoys a higher per capita income of $19,700 than the average Riverside County resident ($17,400) or state resident ($18,400). Household incomes are also relatively high, averaging about $70,000. The Coachella Valley economy was based on agricultural activity for much of the past century. However, over the past four decades, the region has become one of the premier destination resort areas in the country. Golf -oriented resort development has generated a treinendous.market for taxable. sales of all types; including apparel, building materials, automobiles, art, dining arid otter retail. As a result, retail sales in the resort market area are approximately four times those expected to be generated by the permanent resident population. 6 California Department of Finance, January 1; 2000. 7 "La. Quinta Market Analysis and Competitive Position Within the Coachella Valley," prepared by Sedway Group, January 25, 19. TN/City of Las Quinta Comprehensive General Plantaaft FIR Section II - Regional Environmental Selling La Quinta is a relatively new market in the Coachella Valley, but one which has grown rapidly. Historically, the City has been identified with the La Quitita Hotel and PGA West golf course, and these facilities continue to provide the City with national recognition as a resort -oriented community. However, La Quinta is also emerging as a sub -regional retail center for the easteri- central portion of the Valley, and has attracted several large retailers, including Val --Mart and Horne Depot. Employment in the City is generally service -oriented or associated with construction, retail, landscape and management industries. A detailed discussion of socio-economic conditionsin the City can be found in Section f-. THICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlantDraft E Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO:12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT IIL. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, PROJECT IMPACTS, AND MITIGATION MEASURES Introduction The adoption of the City of La Quinta General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the proposed sphere of influence (SDI) amendment constitutes "projects" under the California Environmental ental Quality Act (CEQA) Statutes and the State CEQA Guidelines. An Initial Study and Environmental. Checklist were completed by the City of La Quinta, and specific areas of potential significant effect on the environment associated with the adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the SOI amendment were identified. At that time, it was determined that an Environmental Impact Report (ETR) was required. On April 23, 2001, a Notice of Preparation was completed and transmitted to local, regional, state and federal responsible agencies, as well as other interested groups. Both the Initial Study and Notice of Preparation can be found in Appendix A of this document, This section of the Environmental Impact Report addresses those issues which have been identified by the City's Initial. Study, those. raised in public meetings, those identified by the environmental consultant and subconsultants, and those raised by local and state agencies in response to the EIR Notice of PreparationJssues raised are those which potentially constitute significant environmental hazards or impacts to resources, preclude implementation of the General Plan, or constitute potentially significant impacts which may result as a consequence of implementation of the General Plana In this section, existing conditions within the planning area are discussed. The identified hazards and impacts are then assessed,. and proposedmitigation measures and their efficacy are presented. Satisfactory mitigation is Measured by the elimination or .reduction of hazards or impacts to acceptable or insignificant levels. Where. appropriate, niitigation monitoring and reporting logograms are recommended in conformance with California. Public Resources Code 21081.6, which shall assure compliance over the implementation life of the General. Plan. Inasmuch as the General Plann is a policy and program document, implementation and monitoring are inherent elements of the "project." . TN/Caty of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section iII - Erivironnmatat Impacts and Mitigation A. Land Use Compatibility 1. Existing Conditions The City of La Quinta has evolved from a predominantly rural, agricultural area and an important provider of dates and citrus, to a low density residential community. The community developed around the historic Bradshaw Trail, which served as -a freight and stage line in the late 1800's and early 1900's, and early homestead ranches in the vicinity of present-day Washington Street. and Highway 111. The success of the LaQuinta Motel, constructed in 1926, earned the City its reputation as a resort community and provided the impetus for additional resort development. Today, the community continues to reflect these earlier trends. White the City has preserved its rural character to some extent, it has also expanded to become a sub -regional retail center for the central and eastern Coachella Valley, having attracted such large retailers as Home Pepot and Vial- Mart. The City also includes a wide variety of housing types, including low density gated communities, conventional single-family residential neighborhoods, and a mix of medium density communities in the Cove and Village areas. The Recommended Alternative of the General Plan does not propose changes in land use designations within the City limits which would significantly change the existing development pattern in the City. Proposed land use intensity for residential land uses are consistent with those which already occur in the community, and focus on low density, single family detached development. Proposed commercial land use designations occur in areas which are currently occupied by commercial development, or itt currently vacant areas are proposed to be convenient to the proposed residential development which is expected to occur. No industrial development currently occurs within the City limits. Industrial land use designations are proposed primarily in the area surrounding the Desert Resorts Airport, in an area which currently has scattered industrial development. Areas • currently in open space are proposed to be maintained as such with the Open Space land use. designation. These areas focus primarily on the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef I fountains to the west and south of the City's urbanized core. In the northern planning area, where most lands are developed, land use designations have been proposed which directly reflect existing development. Land use designations on vacant lands are proposed to be consistent with surrounding existing development, with commercial land uses on major arterials, and decreasing intensities of residential development occurring away from major roadways. This proposed land useis consistent with the existing development within this portion of the planning area. In the southeastern planning area, land use designations proposed represent an intensification of current land uses. Development in this area.is currently scattered, and consists of large lot single, family residential, farming interests, and vacant desert lands. A more detailed quantification of the existing land use pattern is provided below. III2 TN{City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan?Draft Section lII - Environmental impacts and Mitigation • Existing Land Uses Within the City limits, development is constrainnedand,influenced by the topography of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and generally occurs north of 52nd Avenue and east of Jefferson Street. The exception is the Cove community, which occurs on an alluvial plain bounded on the west and south by the Santa Rosa Mountains, and on the east by the Coral Reef Mountains. The General Plan planning area consists of a total of 53,498± ass, including 20,254± acres in the City limits, and 33,244± acres in the sphere -of -influence and lands outside the sphere and within the planning area. Approximately 61% (32,897 acres) of the planning area is currently developed. Of developed lands, about 75% (24,898 acres) are in residential uses, which are dominated by low density, single family units in the City limits and very low density agricultural uses itt the remainder -of the planning area. Of the City's total Musing stock, approximately 92% (11,197 units) are attached and detached single-family units, 6% (697 units) are multi -family units, and the remaining 2% (247 units) are mobile homes. Commercial lands provide a wide range of retail services, including neighborhood and community - scale retail, tourist commercial, office and mixed use commercial facilities. Of all the lands in the planning area, corm racial land uses represent about 3% (1,624 acres). Major come unity facilities represent about 0.5 (218 acres). Parks, golf courses, and watercourselfiood control facilities comprise about 10% (4,502 acres) of lands. Industrial designations accommodate a variety alight and heavy industrial activities, including manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations.. Industrial uses comprise approximately 3% (1,360 acres) of all lands, none of which occur within the City limits. Airport uses account for 4% (2,184 acres) of all lands, and include the Bermuda Dunes and. Desert Resorts Airports. Land use patterns established under the current General Plan for the City and Riverside County are illustrated on Exhibit 111-1. Table 111 1 provides a breakdown of acreages occurring under each land use category, and estimates potential future development that could occur at buildout of the current General Plans. Analysis of existing development intensities in the planning area indicates that development does not typically occur at the maximum densities permitted under each land use category. Rather, development in the planning area has generally occurred at more moderate densities. Buildout development projections shown in Table f-1, therefore, are based on the following assumptions: • Residential development is expected to occur at 75% of the maximum permissible densities. • Buildout-of commercial lands assumes 22% lot coverage: • Buildout of industrial lands assumes 34% lot coverage. The Table represents land use designations in the City and planning area. Land use designations outside the City limits are under the jurisdiction of Riverside County at this time. All designations are represented tinder current conditions, based on either the City's or County's standards for that designation. f Exhib 11-1 I i 111 \1Sh. City of La Quinta General Plan (Existing) LEGEND Roads 7uwnshipfita+�gv Seetfena Railroads Clay Llmita General Pfau Plaonloci Area Q fly $phere of Indlueoce Residential Land Usas 1. Lr}R Vary ton I3ansIt10,2 elufFe AG Agricultural dW 4 9H0.2- .01.derac 3A 10.,42 tiufo 0 L OA Law PQnsity2.4 du* 20 2-5 dufet M01 Medium Density 4.0 dufau 2A 5.13 duke 2A NIF 5-0 dlllaC RM 0 algae MHDI Medium Density 1112 dufaa 11 Ht fi Hlg11 I]enally 12-16 dufep Hlei6e Overlay Rural Raafdonl]ol Ova rfay Nen-Realden13h1 Overlay Commercial Land Uses MfFAC Milled CemmorciAL AFfMU Ali ParktMIxed !!sa CC Cemrrlunity Comrtwolel C Cammaretal NC Nalghborllnad Comnlrrsial CPCiarnmer'4eI Park 401fita TO Tourist Cemrwmlal VC Village Commercial Q 11a£ flan d Usos HI Heavy IndwelrlaI tl Light industrial fel 11AGnUlscturlug MCmoor comrri ILryApdii#Irn PF Pulstls FacHlilee S uhaol P Pe.r11 FecIHtfes OS Open Space G Gaff Courts Open Space, IIIIIIIIIIIII■ W Werarccuraa Flood Central AP Airport Scale 1:31,875 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 Feet NORTH Riverside County Vicinity Map Map Preparad on: July 20, 2000 Map prepared by, Aerial' InfarmaLion Systems Map Version reo.: 5 =RR+v fl� h{RI Ri 1 tub] n1,{rrs TNfCity of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section HI - Environmental Impairs and Mitigation Table JH-1 Current General Plan Laud Use Buildout Statistical Summary Land Use Total Dev. Vacant Existing Potential Dldout Acres Acres Acres Units Units]. Units AG Agriculture (1 du/10 ac) 19,938 16,152 3,786 284 4 (0 - 0.2 dulac) 395 124 271 - 41 VLDR Very Low Density (0-2 dufac) 891 571 320 480 30 (0,2 - 0.4 dulac) 275 234 41 12 3A (0.4 - 2 dulac) 719 459 260 390 LDR Low Density (2-4 dzalac) 7,481 3,760 3,721 11,197* 11,163 32,651 2B (2-5 dufac) ' 2,518 1,153 1,365 5,119 RL (4 dulac) 419 208 211 683 MDR Medium Density (4-8 du/ac). 1,626 1,235 391 2.346 2A (5-8 dulac) . 55 45 10 60 2A MF (5-8 duI c) 209 158 51 306 RM (8 dufac) 459 359 100 600 M,HDR Medium -High (8-12 dvfac) 479 336 143 944** 1.287 4,387 11DR High Density (12-16 dulac) 101 1 IC0 1,200 RH (15 dw'ac) .188 103 85 956 Residential Subtotal 35,753 24,898 10,855 12,141 24,877 37,018 Total Dev. Vacant Existing Future Total Acres Acres Acres 5g_Ft_2 Sq.Ft.� Sq.FI.� wuRC Mixed Commercial APIMu Air Park/Mixed Use CC Community Commercial C Commercial NC Neighborhood Commercial CP Commercial Park G Office88 TC Tourist Commercial VC Village Conam rcial 588 - 156 432 1,494,979 4,139,942 5,634,921 84 70 14 670,824 134,165 844,989 111 20 91 . 191,664 872,071 1,Q 3,735 217 136 81 1,303,315 776,239 2,079,554 75 54 21 517,493 201,247 718.740 64 0 64 0 613,325 613,325 48 40 459,994 383,328 843,322 272 166 106 1,590,811 1,015, 819 2,606,630 125 72 53 689,990 507,910 1,197,900 Commercial Subtotal 1,624 722 902 6, 919,070.8,644,04 6 15,563,116 1411[ Heavy Industrial 132 132 0 1,954,973 0 1,954,973 LI Light Industrial 121 121 0 1,792,058 0 1,792,058 MManufacturing 1,041 458 583 6,783,163 8,634,463 15,417,626 WA] Warehousing/Distribution 66 48 18 710,899 266,587 977,486 Industrial Subtotal 1,360 759 60111,241,093 8,901,05020,142,143 15 Th/City of To Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIP Sccdon ID - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-1 (count) Current General Plan Land Use BuiIdont Statistical Summary Total Ilev. Vacant Existing Future Total Aches Acres Acres Sq.Ft.2 Sq.Ft,2 Sq.Ft.2 MC Major Community Facility PF Public Facility School AY' Airport 115 1t3 12 37 0 37 68 57 11 2,184 560 1,624 Public/Quasi-Public Subtotal2,404 P Park Facilities OS Open Space G Golf Course W WatercoursejPlood Control 720 1,684 909 795 114 7,855 1,890 5,965 2,992 2,646 346 601 468 133 Open Space Subtotal 12,357 5,799 6,558 Total 53,498 32,898 20,600 * Includes attached and detached single family housing units, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. **Includes multi -family housing units from two to five -plus and .mobilehones, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. 1 Assumes 75% of the total number of units possible, at maximum permitted density. 2 Assumes 22% lot coverage for commercial development, and 349l lot coverage for industrial development. Surrounding Land Uses Surrounding land uses are under the jurisdiction of Riverside County and four cities: Palm Desert, Indian. Wells, Coachella, and Indio. Riverside County lands border the planning area to the north and are designated for Low and medium density residential uses, with limited commercial lands at the I-1OIWashington Street and MO/Jefferson Street interchanges.' Lands to the southwest are also under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. These lands occur within the Santa Rosa Mountains and are assigned Open Space designations, including Wildlife/Vegetation and Mountainous Areas_ South of the planning area, Riverside County lands are primarily designated forAgriculture, with the exception of limited commercial, manufacturing and low density residential uses in the Valerie Jean community south of Avenue 66.2 Lands adjacent to the foothills in this area are designated as Planned Residential Reserve (0-5 du/ac). 1 "Western Coachella Valley Plan,,, County of Riverside, adopted December 31, 1985, amended through August 30, 1994. 2 'Eastern Coachella Valley Fran," County of Riverside, adopted July 2, 1985, amended through December 27, 1994. 111-6 TN/City of La Write Comprtliensive {lea] Fianffiraft l Section III - Environmental Impacts and S&ttigation Lands west of the planning area, generally north of Fred Waring Drive and west of Washington Street, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Palm Desert. The majority of these lands are designated for low -density (3-5 dulac) residential, with limited high density (7-18 dufac) residential at the southwest corner of Country Club Drive and Washington Street, and a Residential. Study Zone on Washington Street south of Hovley Lane.3 Lands at the southwest corner of Hovley Lane and Washington Street are designated for District Commercial uses, A limited area at the southwest corner of Country Club Drive and Washington Street is designated for Commercial - Industrial development, while lands northwest of this intersection are designated for Low Density - Service Industrial development, Adjoining lands west of the planning area, generally south of Fred Waring Drive, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Indian Wells. Lands along the northwest boundary of the planning area, immediately south of Fred Waring are designated for Community Commercial development. The Whi.tewater River Storm Channel runs directly south of these commercial lands, and is designated as a Watercourse. A limited area immediately south of the Whitewater River Storm. Channel, and north of Highway 111 is designated for medium density (4.6-7.0 du/ac) residential, while lands occurring south of Highway 111 are designated as very low density (1.0-3.0 &lac), ]ow density (3.1-4.5 dulac) and medium -high density (7.1-12.0 dulac) residential. Also south of Highway 111 are Iands designated for Golf and Recreation as well as Natural Preserve. Adjoining lands along the southwest boundary of the City of La Quinta's planning area are designated for Open Space, and consist of both Country Club Open Space (COS) as well as Public Owned Open Space (POS). Lands east of the City of La Quinta and the Bermuda Dunes area, and north of Avenue 52, are under the jurisdiction of the City of Indio. These lands are designated for a broad range of land uses, including country estate residential, and low and medium density residential south of Highway 111, with, limited neighborhood commercial lands at the northeast corner of Avenue 50 and Jefferson Street.4 Mixed use designations, which provide for a combination of residential and commercial uses, occur along the Highway 111 corridor. Lands between Highway 111 and Interstate-10 generally provide for low density residential development, with business park and limited community commercial designations immediately south of Interstate-10. Lands to the east of the planning area, south of Avenue 52 and north of Avenue 62, occur within the boundaries of the City of Coachella. These lands are primarily designated for Agriculture (1 dul40 ac). However, some of these lands have been converted from Agriculture to residential lands, and are designated very low density (0-2 dulac) and low density (0-6 du/ac) residential development. Additionally, there are limited areas north of Avenue 62 that are designated for Public Use and Open Space -Conservation. 2. Project Impacts The Recommended Alternative Land Use Plan is illustrated in Exhibit IHR2. The discussion that follows addresses the land use impacts associated with .adoption and implementation of the. Recommended Alternative Land Ilse Map and its associated goals, policies and programs. 3 "City of Palm Desert General Plan Land Use Map," prepared by PlaoninglPublic Works, City of Palm Desert, adopter] June 22,1995. 4 "City of Indio General Man - 2020, Volume 1.,, prepared by Chambers Group, Inc., October 1993. III7 TN/City of La Quinta • Comprehensive General PianfDraft EIR , Section 111- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Residential Land Uses The Recommended Alteri ative provides for a total of 32,952± acres of residential land, which represents a decrease of about 2,802 acres, or 8.5% less than the current General Plan. Currently, there are approximately 12,141 dwelling units within the incorporated city limits. Analysis of existing development in the planning area indicates that development has not occurred at the maximum densities permitted. Therefore, for the purposes of projecting future buildout twits, it has been presumed that residential development will occur at 75 of the maximum densities permitted. The proposed Plan provides for about 21,536 acres of vacant residential lands. At 75% of the maximum densities permitted, the lands could accommodate additional 66,811 dwelling units. Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in a total of 7,952 dwelling units, including existing and potential Units. This representsan increase of about 41,923 dwelling units, or about 113%, over the number of units provided under the current General Plan. It is important to note, the substantial increase occurring within vacant residential acreage is due to the conversion of developed agricultural land to vacant low density residential lands, which is anticipated for the long term. Table III-2 Recommended Alternative Residential Land Use Buildont Statistical Summary Land Use Total Dev: Vacant Existing Potential Bldout Acres Acres Acres Units Units Units VLDR Very Low (0-2 dufac) 7,089 5,526 1,563 2,344 LDR Low Dens. (2-4 dulac) 22,705 3,682 19,023 11,197* 57,069 73,976 MDR Medium Dens: (4-8 dulac) 2,313 1,752 561 3,366 I IDR Medium -High (5-12 du/fie) 562 350 212 944** 1,908 4,976 1 DR High Dens. (12-16 dulac) 282 105 177 2,124 Residential Subtotal 32,951 11,415 21,536 12,141 66,811 78,952 Includes attached and detached single family housing units, as categorized by California Dept. of Finance, January 1, 2000. * Includes multi -family housing units from two to live plus, as categorized by California Dept. of Finance, January 1, 2000, 1 Assumes 75% of the total number of units possible, at maximum permitted density. City of La Quinta General Plan (Recommended) • rr ■ • • • 1_ •� t l • . :I 1;.'AMC r WW1 I I P LEGEND Road; Township:Range Sessions Railroads Citl Limit§ General Plan PlannFng Are@ City Sphere of Influence Residential lad User 1 LDR Iiimry Luo Dln9ily up to 2 dui LDR Low Density up to 4 dufar .h wlt Medium Density up lv 1f dear hiNDR Medium -High Density up to 12 duhc IiDR High Density up told. dutac Hillside Overlay. Agrisuliure Overlay Commercial Land Dye, PARC Mixed Commercial CC Community Commercial NC Meighhorhood Commercial CP Commercial Park O Office TC Tourisi Commer€ial VC Village Commer'clsl Other Land trees I industrial MC Major Community Facilipea P Park Facilities OS Open Space G Golf Course Open Space W Watercourses pond Cancel AP Airport fkatlnl: lark. I]caignati•n Scale 1:90,000 0 4,000 8400 12,0100 Feet Riverside Counly Vicinity Map map Prepared on. March 21, 211111 Map Prepared 6yr Aerial Information humus Map Version N6-: d. NORTH 'I enCity of La Quints Comprehensive General P1am/Draft PIR Section U1- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Under the Recommended Alternative Land Use Plan, higher density residential development is generally located in close proximity to existing or future commercial areas to facilitate convenient pedestrian, bicycle and mass transit access to professional and commercial services offered along Washington Street, Highway 111, and Eisenhower Drive. Exceptions include the approved, but not yet constructed, Travertine, Kohl Ranch and Coral Mountain developments in the southern portion of the planning area. These projects have been approved for medium and medium -high density residential development. AIthough they are somewhat physically removed from dense commercial areas, it is anticipated that they will serve a largely seasonal population with limited employment and professional needs. Pockets of tourist commercial and neighborhood commercial lands are in close proximity and will provide convenient shopping opportunities. Higher density development may be subject to exterior noise Ievels which could result in significant impacts on residents if not adequately mitigated. These issues are addressed in detail in Section 1dI- J, Noise. Progressively lower residential densities are plane- d further from major roads and are particularly concentrated in the southeasterly portion of the planning area, where they include an agricultural overlay. The Agricultural Overlay is a new designation which recognizes the importance of agriculture in the Coachella Valley and demonstrates the City's commitment to maintaining existing agricultural land uses. Low and Very Low Density designations in this portion of the planning area are directed at maintaining the existing rural character, and will provide some assurance against undue impacts to lands which are currently, or may continue to be in cultivation. • The proposed Iand use densities and assignments do not appear to pose any significant land use incompatibilities with existing or planned land uses in adjacent jurisdictions. Complementary uses have been assigned by Riverside County and the surrounding. cities: Commercial Land Uses Table 111-3 describes the total acreage and commercial development potential of the proposed General Plan. For analysis purposes, it is assumed that commercial development will result in 22% building coverage. The proposed commercial designations and permitted uses are essentially the same as those used in the current General Plan. Under the current General Plan, there are 1,624± acres designated for commercial development in the planning area. The Recommended Alternative provides for a total of 1,996.4 acres, .which represents an increase of 373 acres, or a 23% increase over the current General plan. Commercial lands are located primarily along the Highway 111 corridor, Washington Street, Eisenhower Drive, and Harrison Street near the Desert Resorts Airport. The proposed Plan also provides for Tourist Commercial development at a number of other scattered locations, particularly those associated with existing and planned residential resort coumiunities in the southeasterly portion of the City. TN/City of La Quints • Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section .tf - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table M-3 Recommended Alternative Commercial Land Use Buildout Statistical Spry TotalayDev. Vacant Existing Future Acres Acres Acres Sq.Ft. S f.i t.* Total Stat.* MIRC Mined Commercial 520 197 323 1,887,890 3,095,374 4,983,254 CC Community Commercial 484 288 196 2,759,962 1,878,307 4,638,269 NC Neighborhood Commercial 204 137 67 1,312,898 642,074 1,954,972 CP Commercial Park 64 0 64 0 613,325 613,325 0 Office 84 44 40 421,661 383,328 804,989 TC Tourist Commercial 507 328 179 3,143,290 1,715,393 4,858,683 VC Village Comunercial 134 90 44 862,488 •421,661 1,284,149 Commercial Subtotal 1,997 1,084 913 10,388,189 8,749,462 19,137,651 * Assumes 22% Iot coverage. Industrial Land Uses Approximately 1,360 acres in the planning area are designated for industtxaa'development under the current General Plans. The proposed Plan provides for a total of 1,947- acres of industrial development, which accounts for 587± more acres than are provided under the current General Plans, or an increase of about 43%. Under the proposed Plan, these additional industrial acres are located at the extreme eastern edge of the planning area, east of Highway 111 near Thermal. Under the current General Plan, there are no industrial lands located within the City limits, but there are four industrial land use categories assigned to Riverside County lands. The proposed Plan introduces a single industrial category, which provides for a variety of industrial uses in the planning area, including business parks, light manufacturing operations, and warehousing and distribution facilities. The following table indicates the total acreage and industrial development potential of the proposed General Plan. It assumes that industrial development will result in an average of 34% building coverage, which includes buildings and other ancillary stmctures. T b ity of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • Table 1-4 Recommended Alternative Industrial Land Use Buiidoat Statistical Summary Land Use Total Dev. Vacant Existing Potential Bldt Acres Acres Acres Sq. Ft.* Sq. Ft.` Sq. Ft.* I Industrial 1,947 1,199 74 8 17,757,670 11, 07 8,179 28,835,849 * Assumes 34% lot coverage. PubliciQuasi-Public Land Uses Public/quasi-public lands are those currently supporting or planned for future major community facilities (MC), including schools, fire stations, governmental offices, and substations. Lands designated for airport uses (AP) are also included in this category. The Bermuda Dunes Airport is located immediately south of Interstate-10, west of Jefferson Avenue, and the Desert Resorts Airport, formerly known as the Thermal Airport, is located south of Airport Boulevard, between Harrison and Polk Streets. Table III-5 describes the acreage dedicated to Public and Quasi -Public land uses under the proposed General Plan. The proposed Plan provides for a total of 2,483± acres of public/quasi- public facilities, which represents an increase of 79 acres (about 3%) over the current General Plan. Table 111-5 Recommended Alternative Public/Quasi-Public Use Buildout Statistical Summary Land Use Total Developed Vacant Acres Acres Acres MC Major Community Facility 299 239 . 60 -port 2,18E 560 1,624 . Public/Quasi-Public Subtotal 2,483 799 1,684 Open Space Land Uses Open Space land use designations are assigned to those lands which constitute an important or valuable natural resource and warrant protection. These include parks, golf couuses, watercourses and floodways and mountainous areas. In the Recommended Alternative Land Use Map, Open Space lands are generally concentrated within the foothills of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Substantial open spaces also occur within the Lake Cahuilla County Park, Fish Traps Park, the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, and numerous golf courses within planned resort residential conununities. Like the current General Plan, the proposed Plan applies a Hillside Overlay to lands occurring above the toe of slope of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. 111-] 2 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General PlantDraft E1R Section 11,1- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation. Development in these areas may occur, but only when in strict conformance with the City's Hillside Conservation Zone Ordinance, Application of the Hillside Overlay will contribute to the preservation of the mountains and will help limit potential impacts associated with continued urbanization. Open Space land use designations and acreages are provided in the following table. The proposed General Plan provides for approximately 14,120 acres of Open Space, which represents an increase of 1,763± acres (14%) over the current Plans, These -additional Open Space lands are generally located in the approved, but yet undeveloped golf course resort developments, which are not designated as Open Space in the current General Plans. Land Use Table Recommended Alternative Open Space Land Use Buildout Statistical Summary Total Developed Vacant Acres Acres Acres P Park Facilities 922 795 127 OS Open Space 7,902 1,713 6,189 G Golf Course 4,694 3,624 1,070 W Watercourse 602 469 133 Open Space Subtotal 14,120 6,601 7,519 Smeary of Impacts Impacts within the City of La Quints and on surrounding lands resulting from adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan are not expected to be significant. No substantial incompatibilities with internal or external land uses are expected to result from the proposed land We plats. The plan recognizes the importance of agriculture to the Coachella Valley and is directed at maintaining the rural character of the southeasterly portion of the planning area. The Plan is also responsive to the need to preserve the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as undeveloped open space. The potential for traffic noise impacts on existing, approved and/or proposed residential lands is reduced by General Plan policies and programs which address noise mitigation measures along major roadways, but additional mitigation measures may Ile necessary to reduce impacts to acceptable or insignificant levels (also see Section ID-.1), Proposed Annexation No. 12 As described in Section Y of this EIR, the City is considering annexation of a portion of the General Plan planning area and extension of its sphere of influence. In order to streamline the environmental review process, analysis of these areas is included in this General Plan EJR. If the annexation proceeds, this EIR will serve as the environmental compliance document for subsequent annexation actions. M-13 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDraft IIlt Section III - Bnvirormtental impacts and Mitigation As illustrated in Exhibit 1-3, the proposed annexation area is located in the southeasterly portion of the planning area and is generally bounded by 52nd Avenue on the north, 62nd Avenue on the south, Jackson Street on the east, and the existing city limits on the west. The annexation area totals approximately 5,420 acres and currently contains primarily vacant desert lands and large lot residential development, including ranches, a residential subdivision surrounding a golf course, and other scattered residential development. Approximately 4,160 acres (77%) in the proposed annexation area are developed, while the remaining 1,260 acres. (23%) are vacant. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the population of the annexation area is approximately 639 residents. Assuming an average household size of 2.75 persons per household , the annexation area currently contains an estimated 232 dwelling units, all of which are presumed to be single-family units. Approximately 70% of the annexation area (3,782 acres) is currently designated for Agriculture and \rely Low Density Residential (3A and 3B), with a maximum density of 2 dwelling units per acre, in the existing Riverside County General Plan. The remainder of the annexation area is assigned a rnix of land use designations, including low to high density residential, golf course open space, mixed commercial, park facilities, and major community facilities. Two school sites and a parr totaling 40 acres and 10 acres, respectively, are located within the proposed annexation area. The Coral Mountain Specific Plan project is located in the.southwestern corner of the annexation area. This project has been approved by Riverside County for medium to high density (8 to 12 units per acre) residential, golf course, and limited commercial development, but is not yet developed. Should Annexation No. 12 be approved, lands within the annexation area would be under the jurisdiction of the City of La Quinta. In preparation for this, the City has assigned its own General Plan and zoning designations to the areas, as shown in Exhibit 1 -3. The following table provides a breakdown of the proposed General Plan land use designations and potential development levels at buildout. 1 11161111 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section 1T - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-7 Annexation No. 12 Land Use Buildout Statistical Summary Recommended General Plan Land Use Designation Total Developed Vacant Existing Potential Bldout Acres Acres Acres Units Units' Units LDR Low Density (24 duiac) 580.62 357.99 222.63 LDR Low Density w/Ag, Overlay 3,279.62 2,700.22 579.40 MDR Med, Density (4-8 dul4c) 323.47 194.15 129.32 MHDR Mod -High Dens (8-12 dulac) 464.80 336.34 128.46 HDR High Density (12-16 &Mc) 20,33 7.18 .13.16 667 232* 9,238 10,912 775 0** 1,156 E,313** 157 Residential Subtotal 4,668.84 3,595.88 1,072.97 232 11,993 12,225 Total Developed Vacant Existing Future Acres Acres Acres Sg1Ft2 SqFt2 81dout SqFt2 NC Neighborhood Commercial M/RC Mixed Regional Cornni rcial 58.89 56.43 39.91 39.91 2.45 0 540,780 23,479 564,259 382,465 0 382,465 Commercial Subtotal 98.80 96.34 2.45 923,245 23,479 946,724 MC Major Community Facilities 42.43 31.72 10.71 G Go1f Course Open Space 555.33 . 428.87 126.46 OS Open Space 44.50 0 44.50 1P Park Facilities 10.01 7.18 2.83 Open Space Subtotal 609.84 436.05 173.79 Total 5,419.91. 4,159.98 1,259.93 * Includes attached and detached single-family units, as derived from 2000 U.S. Census data. Also assumes that 2,500 of the acreage currently in agriculture will develop as low density residential. ** includes multi -family housing units. 1 Assumes 75% of the total number of units possible, at maxixnurn densities permitted. 2 .Assumes 22% lot coverage at boildout. Sanirce.. Aerial Information Systems, April 2001; estimates by Terra Nova Planning & Research IlT-16 TN/City ofLamanta Comprehensive General PlaniDraft Ent Section III - Envitonintal impacts and Mitigation Upon annexation into the City, the existing rural character of the annexation area is expected to be preserved for the near -term. As shown in the table above, the City proposes to designate approximately 60% of the annexation area (3,280 acres) fozLow Density Residential development with an Agricultural Overlay. Within this designation, land may be developed at a maximum density of 4 dwelling units per acre, and all existing agricultural land uses may continue until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. Under the proposed land use plan, approximately 11% of the. annexation area is designated for Low Density Residential development (without an Agricultural Overlay); 10% is designated for Golf Course Open Space; 9% is designated for Medium High Density Residential; and 6% is designated for Medium Density Residential. The remaining 4% of the annexation area is designated for a mix of commercial uses, major community facilities, open space and park facilities. As development occurs, the character of the annexation area will change from that of a rural region to a more urban community, particulaaly if agricultural lands are converted to low -density residential development_ Under the proposed densities, the annexation area could accommodate approximately 9,238 new dwelling units. This assumes that all vacant residential lands, including those with an Agricultural Overlay, will be developed with urban uses, and buildout will occur at a rate of75% of the maximum densities permitted. It also assumes that 2,500 of those acres ctuxently.in agriculture will be converted to low density residential land uses. When combined with existing dwelling units, buildout of the annexation area could contain a total of 12,225 dwelling units. 10,912 of these are estimated to be single-family units, and 1,313 are expected to be multi -family units_ The annexation area also contains /45 acres of vacant Neighborhood Commercial land. Assuming 22% lot coverage at buildout, these lands could accommodate approximately 23,478 square feet of new commercial development. When combined with existing square footage, buildout of the annexation area could result in a total of about 946,724 square feet of commercial development_ These estimates ate part of the development described in Tables III-2 and M-3, which estimate future buildout levels in the entire General Plan planning area. Other vacant acres in the annexation area designated for a wide range of uses and are not expected to.result in the development of substantial square footage. The annexation area contains 10.71 acres of vacant land designated for Major Community Facilities. These lands can accommodate a wide range of public service facilities, such as civic centers, schools, fire stations, and electrical substations. Other vacant acres in the annexation area are designated for Golf Course Open Space, Open Space, and Park Facilities, and any structures developed on these sites are expected to be limited to golf courses, clubhouses and recreational facilities. The proposed land use pattern for Annexation No. 12 is designed to complement existing and planned development patterns. The construction of potential new dwelling units in the area is not expected to result in .significant land use incompatibilities, but will contribute to increased traffic volumes, increased demand for public services, and other environmental impacts, which are addressed throughout Section lII. of this SIR. In addition, noise, aesthetic and other incompatibilities may occur where agricultural and urban lands are adjacent to one another, These issues are evaluated in Section III-B, which specifically addresses Agricultural Resources in the planning area_ TIE-17 TN/City of La rota Comprehensive General PlanfDraft EIR 5ett!on m -.Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Proposed Sphere of Influence Amendment The proposed sphere of influence (S01) amendment area consists of approximately 8,205 acres hounded by Avenue 50 on the north, Jackson Street on the west, Avenues 62 and 66 on the south, and Polk, Harrison and Van Buren Streets on the east. The proposed sphere of influence area is depicted in Exhibit 1-3. Land within the proposed SOI is currently under the jurisdiction of riverside County and is primarily designated for Agriculture, with the exception of small pockets of land designated for residential (3A and 2B) development in the northernmost portion of the area. Small areas of Commercial and Manufacturing designated lands are also part of the SOT amendment area, as is the Kohl Ranch Specific Plan in the southeastern corner. The Kohl Ranch Specific Plan has been approved by Riverside County, but has not yet been developed. It includes lands designated for low, medium, and high -density development, as well as commercial, industrial, and open space land uses. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the SOI amendment area contains a population of approximately 2,304 residents. With an average household size of 2.75. persons per household; there are an estimated 837 existing dwelling units in the SOY amendment area, all of which are presumed to be single-family units. Approval of the proposed SGI amendment would not result in any significant adverse environmental impacts to lands within the SOI or its vicinity, The SOI amendment would be an administrative action that would provide the City with a greater degree of involvement in urban development occurring within the SOL Lands within the SO1 would remain under the jurisdiction of Riverside County, and the existing land use designations assigned by the Riverside County General Plan would remain in effect. The County would be responsible for notifying the City of La Quinta of pending development cases, so that the City could stay abreast of development trends and issues in the SOY. However, if the proposed SOI area is annexed into the City in the future, the area would be under the City's jurisdiction, and the City would be responsible for assigning land use designations. Proposed General Plan Iand use and zoning designations for the SOI amendment area are shown on Exhibit III-3. A breakdown of proposed SOI land use designations and projected buildout levels are provided in the following table. Potential impacts associated with buildout of the SOX and the entire planning area are evaluated throughout Section IQ of this EIR. rif-is TN)City of l...a ttri nta Comprehensive feral Plan/Draft FIR Section Ill- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-S Sphere of Influence Amendment Land Use Buildout Statistical Summary Recommended General Plan Total Developed Vacant Existing Potential Bldont Land Use Designation Acres Acres Acres Units ❑etitsl Units VLDR Very Low/Ag Overlay(0-2 dufac) 68.45 LDR Low Density (2-4 dulac) LDR Low Density wag. Overlay MDR Med. Density (4-8 dulac) UDR High Density (12-16 dulac) 429,61 5,650.63 459.08 164.85 67.48 218.63 5,011,00 358.81 93.67 0.97 210.98 63 ' .63 100.27 71.18 0** 1 632 837* 16,318 18,389* 601 85854* Residential Subtotal 6,772.62 5,749.59 1,023.03 837 13,406 19,243 Total Developed Vacant Existing Future Bldont Acres Acres Acres S012 SqFt2 SgFt2 CC Community Commercial 244.14 211,81. 32.33 2,029,817 309,824 2,339,64 MJRC Mixed Regional Commercial 83.40 69.12 14.28 662,391 136,848 799,239 0 Commercial Office 43.72 43,72 0 418,977 0 418,977 Commercial Subtotal 371.26 324.65 46.613,1111,185 446,6723,557,857 Industrial 383.55 323.08 60.47 4,784,944 895,584 5,680,528 MC Major Community Facilities 36.67 0 36.67 OS Open Space 640.95 492,91 148,04 Total 8,205.04 6,890.24 1,314.80 * Includes attached and detached single-family units, as derived from 2000 U.S. Census data. Also assumes that at buildout, 4,800 of the acreage crently in agriculture would develop as low density residential. * * Includes multi -family housing units; 1 Assumes 75':, ol'tbe local number of units possible, at maximum densities permitted_ 2 Assumes 22% lot coverage for commercial development, and 34% lot coverage for industrial. Source: Aerial Information Systems, April 2001; estimates by Terra Nova Planning & Research If the SOT area is annexed into the City, the above described land use designations would be implemented. The proposed $OZ contains approximately 1,023 vacant acres designated for residential development under the proposed land use plan. In addition, it is assumed that the majority of those lands currently in agriculture would be converted to low density residential land uses. Buildout of the area would be, expected to result in the development of approximately 16,318 III-19 TN/City of La Quints Couprelaensive General Plan/Draft BR Section ILL - Bnvirornnenta] Impacts and /viitigatiun c.;; new dwelling units. This assumes that all residential lands would develop at a rate of 75% of the maximum densities permitted. Wben combined with the number of existing dwelling units irr the SOI amendment area, this yields approximately 19,243 dwelling units at area buildout. The SOI amendment area also contains vacant lands designated for commercial development under the proposed land use plan. Approximately 32 vacant acres and 14 vacant acres are designated for Community Commercial and Mixed Regional Commercial uses, respectively. Assuming 22% lot coverage for commercial Lands at buildout, the Sal area could accommodate a total of about 3,557,857 square feet of commercial development. The SOI amendment area also includes about 60 vacant acres designated for Industrial development. Assuming 34% lot coverage for industrial lands at buildout, the SOl area could accommodate approximately 5,680,528 square feet of industrial development_ These buildout estimates are included in Tables III-2, III 3, and III-4, which describe future buildout levels in the entire General Plan planning area. The SOI amendment area also includes vacant acres designated for Major Community Facilities and Open Space under the proposed land use plan. Because the Major Community Facilities designation permits the development of a wide range of public facilities, it is difficult to anticipate how these lands will be developed in the future, and what, if any buildings will be constructed on theta. Lands designated for Open Space will remain undeveloped. Buildaut of the sphere of influence amendment area is not expected to result in signiflcatxt land use incompatibilities, but noise, odor, visual and other incompatibilities may occur where agricultural and urban lands are adjacent to one another. These issues are evaluated in Section UT-B, which specifically addresses Agricultural Resources in the planning area. Other potential impacts are addressed throughout Section DI of this BIR, 3.. Mitigation Measures Inasmuch as no significant land use incompatibilities are expected to result from the adoption and implementation of the La Quinta General Plan, no mitigation measures are needed to address this area of concern, However, the following shall be implemented to assure that potential impacts are adequately assessed. In addition, mitigation measures addressing specific issues associated with agricultural lands are included in Section III B, below. A. Individual project proposals, especially those involving a mix of residential and other uses, as well as those in close proximity to sensitive land uses, shall be fully assessed during the project review process to assure that all land use compatibility issues are addressed and mitigated, if necessary. B All future residential development occurring on lands within an existing 65 dBA or higher noise contour shall be required to prepare a noise impact assessment and mitigation plan which minimizes impacts to outdoor living space and assures a maximum interior noise level of 45 CNEL. ThfCity of La Quinta Compreriensive General PlaniDraft BIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The Cityshall identify potential adverse of unacceptable noise exposures, analyze and assure the efficacy of mitigation ptogras, and assure construction is in accordance with the approved noise mitigation plan. Said plan shall be approved by the Community Development Department as part of its review, and We efficacy of the mitigation plan shall be demonstrated as part of the Building Department's inspection process. Results shall be recorded and maintained with building inspection records. Responsible Parties: City Community Development and Building Departments B. . Agricultural Resources 1. Existing Conditions Agriculture was the dominant economic activity of the Coachella Valley during the first half of the twentieth century, The region's main agricultnral staple, the date palm, was introduced around the tum of the century by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and agricultural activity soon expanded to include the cultivation of citrus, grapes, and other fruit and vegetable crops. Although agriculture continues to be an important component of the Coachella Valley economy, other industries have spread throughout the valley and transformed the region into a world -class resort residential community. Starting in the 1920s, equestrian camps and resort hotels, including the La Quinta Hotel, were constructed throughout the Valley. By the 1930s, the 'character of the region was steered toward the budding resort industry, with the marketing and construction of "weekend homes" in the La Quetta Cove and elsewhere in the Valley. The post World War II period saw a new era of development that eventually gave the region its predominant image as a destination resort community, characterized by high quality, planned residential golf course developments. Despite the significant level of urban growth that has occurred in the planning area over the past century, the contrast between different settlement patterns in the planning area has persisted to some degree. While most lands within the City core are representative of a Iow-density resort residential community, the easterly portion of the planning area remains largely rural and characterized by agriculture, open space, and sca1Mred residential and commercial development. Existing Agricultural Land Uses in the Planning Area The general Plan planning area contains approximately 19,938 acres of land currently designated for agricultural land uses. These lands are generally concentrated east of Monroe Avenue and south of 52nd Avenue (see Exhibit ID-1), All ]ands designated for agricultural purposes are currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. The Riverside County General Plan designates them for Agricultural (AG) development, a designation which permits agricultural cultivation, associated uses (including limited commercial, industrial, and single-family residential development at a maximum density of one dwelling unit per ten acres), and open space. Approximately 16,152 acres (81 %) of land designated for agricultural uses in the planning area are currently developed, and 3,786 acres (19%) are vacant. TII-21 IN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General P]anl raft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Agricultural Land Classifications ..The Riverside. County General Plan includes an Agricultural Resources Map, which classifies important agricultural lands based on soil characteristics, climatic coalitions, and water supply.5 The four classifications are consistent with those used by state and federal agencies and include: 1) prime farmland, 2) statewide important farmland, 3) unique farmland; and 4) local important farmland. According to the Agricultural Resources Map, the planning area contains prime farmland and statewide important farmland, which are described below. According to the Riverside County General Plan Agricultural Resources Map, an estimated 26,312 acres of prime fa/Inland occur within the planning area. Primefarmland is land with the best physical characteristics to sustain the long -terra production of agricultural crops. According to the Riverside County General Plan, it is "best suited for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops, and is also available for these uses." The land may be used as cropland, pastureland, forestland, rangeland, or other related uses, but may not contain urban development or a major water source.'" hen treated and managed according to modern farming methods, prime farmland has the ability to sustain high yields of crops economically. The Agricultural Resources Map also indicates that the planning area contains an estimated 2,345 acres of statewide important farmland. Statewide important farmland has "a good combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, forage, fiber and oilseed crops and is available for these uses."6 These lands may include cropland, pastureland, rangeland, forestland ar other related uses, but may not include a major water source or urban development. The County Agricultural Resources Map, therefore, indicates that a combined total of 28,657 acres of prime. farmland and farmland of statewide importance occur within the planning area. However, this figure overstates the amount of important farmland that is actually available for agricultural purposes in the planning area. Since the Agricultural Resources Map was prepared, sorne of these acres have been converted to, or approved for urban, non-agricultural purposes (such as low density residential, golf course, airport, manufacturing and commercial UREA), and are no longer available for agricultural uses. The Desert Resorts Airport, for example, is shown as containingprune and statewide important agricultural land on the. Agricultural Resources Map, but contains approximately 2,240 acres of developed or dedicated airport land. The construction of The Village at the Palms residential golf course development, at the southwest corner of Airport Boulevard and Monroe Street, has already resulted in the urbanization of another 200 acres of prime farmland. The Coral Mountain Specific Plan, a residential golf course development located between 58th and 62nd Avenues adjacent to the La Quinta city limits, has been approved by Riverside County but not Exhibit VI.34, Riverside County Comprehensive General Plan, prepared by the Riverside County Planning Department, adopted March 6, 1984 and revised June 3, 1993, b p. 380, Riverside County Comprehensive General Plan, prepared by the Riverside County Planning Department, adopted March 6, 1984 and revised June 3, 1993, 5 11-22 TN/City of La Quirita Comprehensive General PlandDralt EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigations yet constructed. Approximately two-thirds of the site, or about 855 acres, is classified as prime agricultural land on the County's Agricultural Resources Map. These lands have already been approved for future urban uses and, therefore, will not be available for agricultural purposes. Kohl Ranch, immediately south of the Desert Resorts Airport and extending south to 66th Avenue, has also been approved by the County for mixed -use development. The construction of this project will result irl the conversion of approximately 2,240 acres of prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance to urban, non-agricultural purposes. The Desert Resorts Airport, The Village at the Palms, Coral Mountain, and Kohl Ranch account for a combined estimated total of 5,535 acres of land, which can no longer be classified as prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance. Urbanization of these lands reduces the amount of important agricultural land in the planning area to about 23,122 acres. Additional unquantified acres, which are shower as important agricultural land on the Agricultural Resources Map are also designated for non-agricultural purposes in the County General Plan and, therefore, are not available for cultivation. The projects described above illustrate the urbanization trend that is occurring in the easterly planning area. Nonetheless, this area still contains a substantial amount of land designated as prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance. The potential impacts of the Recommended General Plan on these agricultural resources axe addressed in the Project Impacts disrussion below. Williamson Act Contracts The California Land Conservation Act, better known as the Williamson Act, is a voluntary program used statewide for agricultural land preservation. It was enacted in 1965 to encourage farmers and ranchers to keep their i,Lufaerties in agriculture and to discourage the premature loss of farmland to urban development. Under the Williamson Act, a participating landowner is required to commit his land to agriculture or open space for at least ten years. In return, he is taxed at a lower property tax rate, which is based on the actual use of the ]and for agricultural production rather than its current market value. In an effort to partially compensate for property tax reductions that result from participation in the Williamson Act, the State pays each participating city and county an annual payment based on the amount and quality of land enrolled in the program. The County of Riverside participates in the Williamson Act and requires 100 contiguous acres of agricultural land under one or more ownerships to file an application for agricultural preserve status with the Riverside County Planning Department. Once an agricultural preserve has been approved by the County, it is restricted to agricultural and compatible uses, but may be subject to agricultural rezoning. The life of the contract between the landowner and County is ten years. The landowner may renew the contract, allow it to expire and remove the. property from its agricultural preserve status, or petition the County for the cancellation of the contract: There are cunent]y a total of 5,411.99 acres of land under Williamson Act contracts within the planning area, lII 23 TNICity of La Qwnta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft T Section DI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation y w. 2. Project Impacts Land Use Impacts The Recommended General Plan assigns Low {GDR} and Very Low Density Residential (VLDR) land use designations to lands currently designated for agricultural uses under the existing County General Plan, and introduces an Agricultural Overlay designed to preserve agricultural uses to the extent desired by landowners. Lands within the Agricultural Overlay will be allowed to continue cultivation as under the existing General Plan, until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. The Agricultural Overlay demonstrates the City's commitment to maintaining existing agricultural uses, while also providing opportunities for development of these lands. Under the existing Riverside County General Plan, approximately 19,938 acres are designated for agricultural Iand uses. Under the Recommended General Plan, a total of 17,615 acres are included in the Agricultural Overlay. The proposed land uses and coverage area of the Agricultural Overlay are illustrated itt Exhibit 111-2. A comparison of existing and proposed agricultural acreages is provided in the table below. Table III-9 Agricultural Land Use Statistical Summary Existing vs. Recommended General Plans Land Use Designation Developed Vacant Total Acres Acres Acres Existing County General Plan (AG) Agriculture 16,152 3,786 19,938 Recommended City General Plan (VLDR) Very Low Density Resid wfAg. Overlay 5,079 1,201 6,280 (LDR) Low Density Resid wag. Overlay 8,476 2,859 11,335 Total Agricultural Overlay: 13,555 4,060 17,615 As shown in the table above, under the Recommended General Plan, approximately 6,280 acres are designated for Very Low Density Residential (VLDR) development with an Agricultural Overlay. This designation provides for large lot single-family development, with densities up to 2 dwelling units per acre. The Agricultural Overlay provides for the continuation of existing agricultural activity at the discretion of the landowner. This land use designation provides a transition between agricultural lands and more intense urban uses and promotes a progression of compatible land uses. It is assigned to lands in the easternmost portion of the planning area, including those generally east of Polk Street and south of 586 Avenue. 111.24 TN/City of La Qui nta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The Recommended General Plan designates approximately 11,335 acres for Low Density Residential (f.DR) development with an Agricultural Overlay. This designate is the most prevalent in the easterly portion of the planning area and is applied to lands generally south of Airport Boulevard, between Monroe and Tyler Streets. It supports the development of single-family attached and detached residences, with densities up to 4 units per acre. Development may occur within a country club or standard subdivisian,.nnd clustering of condominiums or town homes may be appropriate when governed by a Specific Plan and provided with common area armenities and open space. The Agricultural Overlay allows existing agricultural operations to continue, until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. As described above, the existing General Plan designates a total of 19,938 acres for Agricultural development. Under the Recommended Alternative, 17,615 of these acres are included within the Agricultural Overlay, It is difficult to anticipate whether and to what extent these lands would actually be converted to residential uses in the future, as the decision to do so will be left to individual landowners. Due to the application of the Agricultural Overlay, implementation of the Recommended General Plan will not directly result ill the conversion of prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance to residential uses, but it will provide an opportunity for this conversion to take place without requiring a General Plan or zoning amendment or other administrative approval. Similarly, for lands covered by the Agricultural Overlay, the Recommended General Plan will not directly cause the cancellation of any contract made pursuant to the Williamson Act, but it could provide the ability for landowners to cancel their contracts iftheychoose to develop. The remaining 2,323 acres, which are currently designated for Agricultural uses in the County General Plan, are not included in the proposed Agricultural Overlay. These lands generally occur immediately adjacent to existing City limits, and in the Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch Specific Plans, and most are classified as prime farmland, with a smaller portion classified as farmland of statewide importance. Under the Recommended Plan, these lands are designated for Low Density Residential development (LDR), with densities up to 4 units per acre. They would not remain in cultivation if the Recommended General Plan is implemented. Adoption of the Recommended General Plan would result in the complete conversion, of these lands from agricultural to non- agricultural purposes, and would require the cancellation of any Williamson Act contracts currently in effect on these lands. These lands are, however, part of the proposed Annexation No. 12 and sphere of influence (SOT) amendment, which ale discussed below. If the proposed annexation and SOX amendment are approved, these lands would be covered by the Agricultural Overlay, and any existing agricultural operations could remain intact. nT-25 IT+ iCity of La Quiata Comprehensive Genera] Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Indirect Environmental Impacts The conversion of agricultural and open space lands to low -density residential uses could result in a wide range of indirect environmental impacts. While it is irnpossible'to anticipate the rate at which the future conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses could occur, implementation of the Recommended Land Use Plan could facilitate the development of a substantial number of new dwelling units in the easterly portion of the planning area. The anticipated number of dwelling units facilitated by the Recommended Plan is discussed in Section III -A of this EIR. Land use incompatibilities may occur where agricultural lands are adjacent, or in close proximity to low- density residential development. Farmers and ranchers may be exposed to increased noise associated with household mechanical equipment and traffic generated by new residences, Residents of low -density developments may be exposed to operational noise generated by farm equipment, odors from farm animals and organic or chemical crop applications, and airborne sand and/or dust generated by plowing and harvesting activities. ,'•Depending upon the level of development that actually occurs on lands currently designated for agriculture, the existing aesthetic character of the easterly- portion of the planning area will be transformed Truer a rural, agrarian region with vast amounts of open agricultural activities, to a low - density residential urban environment. Open spaces will be reduced and views of natural terrain and vegetation may be obstructed by buildings, signs, utility infrastructure, and other man-made improvements. Other aesthetic impacts are likely to include increased light and glare associated with buildings, signs, streetlights, and automobiles. Related to this is the associated increase in energy usage and consumption of non-renewable resources, which will be demanded by new development, as well as the need for and costs of providing additional urban services, such as domestic water and sewer facilities, schools and libraries, and fire and police protection. These issues, as they relate to buildout of the entire planning area, are addressed in detail in Section TIT-L (Public Services and Facilities) and Section lii-F (Water Resources). The urbanization of agricultural lands will also result in increased traffic volumes on roads within and outside the planning area, particularly in the easterly portion of the planning area, and may require the construction of intersection or roadway improvements to facilitate additional traffic. Conflicts between automobiles and fann equipment on roadways may become more prevalent, and air travel activity at the. Desert Resorts Airport could expand to serve the growing population. Anticipated increases in traffic volumes and vehicle miles traveled will conttibuteto as associated increase in air pollution in the planning area and Coachella Valley. These issues are addressed in more detail in Sections III-C (Traffic/Circulatiou) and III-H (Air Quality). The conversion of agricultural lands to urban development will also result in the replacement of permeable soils with impervious surfaces, such as streets, sidewalks and driveways. These surfaces will generate increased runoff and redirect existing flows, and may require the construction and/or expansion of storm water management improvements. Flooding and hydrology issues are addressed in more detail in Section[-E. LU-26 TN/City of La Qninta Comprehieksive General Plan/Draft OR Section In - Environmental impacts and Mitigation The conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses could also result in limited, but potentially positive environmental impacts. As illustrated in Exhibit III-18, the easterly portion of the planning area is subject to moderate to extra wind erosion hazards, The eonsttuetion of buildings, paving of streets, and stabilization of soils with urban landscaping materials, may reduce the severity of wind erosion hazards in the area. Agricultural activities typically offer only marginal, if any, wildlife habitat, and apply fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, which can harm or kill wildlife. Low - density residential development is likely to include landscape treatments and common areas that could enhance habitat for birds and small mammals. These and other potential impacts are addressed throughout Section HE of this EIR. Potential growth -inducing impacts are discussed in Section VEIL Proposed Annexation No. 12 The proposed annexation and sphere of influence (SOI) amendment areas are located in the southeasterly portion of the planning area, where agricultural lands predaininate. Approximately 3.7822 acres (70%) in the proposed annexation area are currently designated for AgriculturefVery Low Density Residential development by the Riverside County General Plan, and about 3,032 of these are developed. Upon annexation into the City, new General Plan and zoning designations would be assigned to lands in the annexation area (see Exhibit III-3). The proposed land use pattern is designed to complement existing and planned land uses, and it designates approximately 3,280 acres (61%) in the annexation area for Low Density Residential development with an Agricultural Overlay_ Any agricultural land use within this overlay area will be allowed to continue until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. Residential development with a maximum density of 4 dwelling units per acre will also be permitted. The remaining 503 acres currently designated for Agriculture/Very Low Density Residential;uses under the Riverside County General Plan, are designated for Low Density Residential development (up to 4 dulac) under the proposed land use plan, and are not covered by the Agricultural Overlay. These lands are generally located west of Monroe Street between 58th and 60th Avenues, and would be lost to potential agricultural uses. Proposed Sphere of Influence Amendment Approximately 5,651 acres (6 °) of the proposed SOI area are designated for Agriculture/Very Low Density Residential development under the existing Riverside County General Plan. If the SOI amendment is approved, these lands. would continue to be under the jurisdiction of Riverside County, and the existing land use designations would continue to be in effect. The City of La Quinta, however, would be notified of development proposals in the SOI area and play a greater role in monitoring its development trends. If the SOI area is annexed into the City in the future, the land use designations assigned by the City (see Exhibit-3) would be implemented. Under the proposed SOI land use plan, approximately 5,651 acres are designated for Low Density Residential (up to 4 dulac) with an Agricultural Overlay, and about 68 acres are designated for Very Low Density Residential (up to 2 dulac) with III 27 TE7City iaf La pinta Comprehensive General ManiDraft EJR Section III - Environrnental Impacts and lM It gatio€i an Agricultural Overlay. This accounts for a total of 5,719 acres, which would be covered by the Agricultural Overlay in the SOI. Compared to the existing general Plan, this accounts for an increase of about, 68 acres of land that could potentially be used for agricultural purposes. 3. Mitigation Measures Implementation of the Recommended Land Use Plan and Annexation No, 12 could result in the conversion of prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance to urban land uses, and could result in the cancellation of Williamson Act contracts on lands in the easterly portion of the planning area: Inasmuch as these actions could result in potential adverse environmental impacts, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented. Even with implementation of mitigation measures, the impacts associated with long tin loss of pt'irne agricultural lands will be significant A. An Agricultural Overlay shall be applied to lands in the easterly portion of the planning area, as illustrated in Exhibit III-2 and 111-3. Any agricultural land use within this overlay area shall be allowed to continue until such time as the landowner chooses to develop. Agricultural land uses within this overlay area shall be permitted to continue as they occur at the time the Recommended General Plan is adopted. B. Upon annexation of any lands subject to Williamson Act contracts into the Citylimits, the City shall coordinate with property owners, the County of Riverside, and appropriate state agencies to assure the complete transfer of Williamson Act contracts to the City. C. Where residential development is proposed immediately adjacent to lands used for agricultural purposes, a minimum 100-foot buffer zone shall be provided between the shared property line and new residential structures. The buffer zone shall consist of open space, but may be include landscaping treatments; earthen berms or other appropriate design features, as approved by the City. D. The City shall cooperate and coordinate with government and other appropriate agencies to assure that environmentally sound agricultural practices, which are in compliance with local, state and federal agricultural codes, are utilized on all agricultural lands within the City boundaries. E. All surface or subsurface disturbances, which may a gravate wind erosion in the planning area, shall comply with the City's Dust Control Plan requirements, air quality mitigation measures set forth in this EIR, and other applicable an quality regulations_ Such activities may include excavating, grading, leveling, and other related actions. F. Should agricultural lands be converted to urban land uses, elements of the past agricultural uses, such as date palm groves or citrus orchards, shall be incorporated into the on -site open space areas, streetscapes and landscape designs to the greatest extent practical. G. All agricultural and urban activities shall conform to the noise standards described in Section 9.100.210 of the City Municipal Code and other mitigation measures set forth in Section if.-J (Noise) of this EIR. III-28 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Seclian rnn - Environmental Impacts arrd Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. All development proposals shall be reviewed by the Community Development Department to assess the potential for land use incompatibilities between agricultural and urban land uses, and to assure that appropriate mitigation measures are identified and implemented. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, City Engineer, developers, affected landowners B. The City shall maintain and routinely update a land use inventory, which monitors the conversion of lands within the Agricultural Overlay to urban uses. This information shall be used to assess the need for developing additional agricultural and urban interface programs and land use standards. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department C. Traffic/Circulation 1, Existing Conditions The generation of vehicular traffic is directly related to the type, intensity and location of existing and planned land uses. While land use decisions within the La Quinta General Plan planning area have a direct impact, so too does the background traffic generated by land uses in surrounding communities. The adequacy of the transportation .network is, therefore affected by decisions somewhat under the control of the City, but also decisions made by other jurisdictions which can affect the La Quinta transportation network. The following discussion is largely based upon the traffic and circulation analysis prepared for the, General Plan Update by RK,TK & Associates, Inc? This report is included in its entirety in Appendix p' of this document. Regional Roadways Over the past few decades, the Coachella Valley has grown into a largely continuous and linear suburban region which is connected by state and interstate highways, and a network of arterial roadways. The earliest development in the City of La Quinta occurred within the La Quinta Cove and was connected to other Coachella Valley settlements by the historic Bradshaw Trail. By the City's incorporation in the early 1980s, however, development began to move northward toward Highway 111, and to the east and southeast along the edge of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Today, Intestate-10, State Highway 111 and State Highway 86 comprise the backbone circulation system of the planning area. Interstate-10 serves as the major inter -community connector in the Coachella Valley, while also connecting the region with Los Angeles to the west and Arizona to the east. In the La Quints vicinity, Interstate-10 consists of an eight -lane divided freeway accessed from diamond -shaped interchanges spaced a minimum of one mile apart. Direct access between the City and interstate-t0 is currently provided by the Washington Street and Jefferson Street interchanges. 7 of La Quinta General Flan Update Traffic Study (Revised), La Quinta, California," prepared by RKJK & Associates, Inc., September 2$, 2000. >LI-29 TN/City of La into Comprehensive General Plan aft Elk Section III Environmental impacts and Mitigation State Highway 111 has become an important intra-regional corridor serving the Coachella Valley cities. In the La Quinta vicinity, it generally runs along the toe of the Santa Rosa Mountains and, in most locations, has. been constructed to its ultimate six -lane divided design standard. Highway 111 provides primary access to a wide range of commercial and resort developments, and routinely accommodates a high volume of pass -through kips originating outside the City limits. Traffic iQ the planning area is also accommodated by an extensive arterial roadway network, which generally follows section and mid -section lines and provides north -south and east -west conveyance throughout the planning area. Major north -south connectors include Washington Street, Jefferson Street and Madison Street. Primary east -west connectivity is provided by Fred Waring Drive, Avenue 42, Country Club Drive and Airport Boulevard. The beginnings and evolution of the City have improved the accessibility of the Cove area to the regional roadway network. Current Traffic Conditions A wide range of traffic data were collected to document and evaluate existing traffic conditions, and to assess future transportation impacts within the General Plan planning area. In addition to the technical analyses and studies conducted by RICH( & Associates, Inc. (see Appendix F), traffic counts collected by the City, CalTrans and the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (C AG) were used to quantify and characterize existing traffic volumes and conditions within the planning area. These various counts are from the period of 1990 through 1999 and include counts of mid -block roadway segments and intersection turning movements. Levels -of -Service Roadway capacity is defined as the number of vehicles that pass a section of roadway or a particular intersection in a given period of time under prevailing conditions. Roadway capacity is determined by a number of factors, including roadway surface conditions, lane widths, alignment, grade and intersection design. For example, raised medians typically reduce the number of traffic conflict points, thereby enhancing flow and increasing roadway capacity. Restricted access also increases capacity by mainimi inn traffic interruptions associated with vehicles entering or existing the roadway. The ability of a roadway to accommodate different traffic demands is known as its Level -of -Service (LOS). The Level -of -Service is a qualitative measure used to describe the efficiency of traffic flow, and compares existing traffic volumes with available roadway capacity. LOS values range from "A" through "F." LOS A represents the best, free -flow conditions, and LOS F indicates the worst conditions or system failure. Mid -block Levels -of -Service are represented as volume -to -capacity ratios, or traffic volume divided by roadway capacity. Smaller ratios close to 0.00 indicate better efficiency, and therefore better Levels -of -Service. As the ratio approaches 1.00 or maximum capacity, the roadway approaches LOS F, which is characterized by extreme traffic congestion. LOS C has long been considered the desirable and optimal level of traffic volume on any given roadway. However, it represents a standard that is progressively more difficult and costly to achieve in urban areas. For peak operating periods, LOS D and/or a maximum volume to capacity ratio of 0.90 is now considered to be the generally acceptable level -of -service. 111-30 TNVICity of IA Q nta Comprehensive General Plati/Draft IIR Section M-1?nvironmcntai ]Impacts and Mitigation The various LOS classifications for roadway segments are defined in the table below. Existing . rtrohune-to capacity ratios for roadway segments in the planning area are illustrated in Exhibit BI-4, Based on this exhibit, planning area roadway segments are operating within capacity (vlc < 1.0) on a . daily basis. Table 111-14 Level -of -Service Descriptions For Roadway Segments Level of Volume/Capacity Service Traffic Flow Characteristics Ratio A Free flowing, low volumes, high speed; speed not restricted by other vehicles in the traffic stream. 0.00-0.60 B Operating speeds and maneuverability in the range of stable flow, but presence of other traffic begins to be noticeable. Freedom to select desired speeds is relatively unaffected, but there is a slight decline in the freedom to maneuver. 0.61-0.70 Operating speeds and maneuverability significantly controlled by other traffic. Quality of operations shill within the range of stable flow. D Tolerable operating speeds, high traffic density but stable flows; often used as design standard in urban areas. At this level, speed and freedom to maneuver are severely restricted. Drivers experience general discomfort and inconvenience. E .At or near maximum traffic volume that a. roadway can Accommodate during peak traffic periods. Low speed but • uniform traffic density, "Maxirnum.apacity." Highly susceptible to breakdowns in flow. 0.71-0. SO 0.81-0.90 0.91-1.00 System failure; long queues of traffic; unstable flows; stoppages of long duration; traffic volumes and speed can drop tomzero; traffic volume will be less than the volume which occurs at Level -of- Not Service E. • Meaningful Sou cc: Highway Capacity Manual, Transportation Research ward, Spacial Report 209, National Academy of Soience, Washington, D.C., 1997. IX[-31 EFONHOWER i WA6 ST REFER TO INSET A BERIMJDAS LEGEND. AVL 4 44 .94 .42 .43 .32 .17 .51 -34 AVE. 52 •z4 .22 AVE.. 54 ,00 .04 .10 .1g AIRPOPT BLva .06 .14 .16 .18 AVE.58 Ds 8 _at _10 .id .04 {1p .06 .03 .06 AVE. ba .01 .35 AVE. $2 .06 0,09 — VOLUME—TO=CAPACITY RATIO .11 .10 AVE. 54 T .i9 R1LLWN RD, .79 AVE. 66 27 w to City of La Quints General Plan TERRA NOVA ® Year 2,0410 Daily Volume -to -Capacity Ratios Planning & Research, Inc. is the Planing Area E tihit TT+1ICity of t..a Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft 1 Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Intersection Analysis Intersections represent the most constrained portions of the roadway network. For intersections, the LOS is defined quantitatively as the number of seconds the vehicle is delayed in passing through the intersection. For signalized intersections, average total delay per vehicle is used to determine the LOS. Intersection LOS is defined in the following table. Table III-11 Level -of -Service Descriptions - For Signalized Intersections Average Total Delay Level -of -Service Per Vehicle (Seconds) A 0 to 10.00 11/01 to 20.00 D 20.01 to 35.00 35.01 to 55.00 55.01 to 80.00 F 80.01 and up The following table illustrates existing intersection levels -of -service in the planning area_ The data indicate that the intersections modeled are currently operating at acceptable levels -of -service (LOS D or better). III-33 N/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PPa airaftEIR Section III - Environnnenrai Impacts and mitigation Table EII- 12 Existing Intersection Levels -of -Service Year 2000) Intersection Delay(secs) LOS OM pm am pm Jefferson St. (NW) at: SR-111 (VW) 22.8 27.7 C C Ave. 50 ($/W) 11.5 12.7 B B Ave. 52 (BM 11.4 10.4 B B Ave. 54 (E,/W) 9.6 8.8 A A Country Club Dr. (WW) 12.0 15.0 C C Fred Waring Dr. (F/W) 14.5 14.6 B B Miles Ave. (WW) 14.7 15.4 C C Madison St. (N/S) at: Ave. 50 (EJW) 9.2 9.8 A A Ave. 52 (EIW) 9.9 10.0 A A Monroe St. (N/S) at: Ave. 52 (EIW) 9.3 9.1 A A Ave. 54 (OW) 10.4 10.3 B B Eisenhower Dr. (NWS) at: Ave. 50 () 26.6 28.1 C C Washington St. (NM) at: Calle Tampico (EIW) 24.2 27.1 C C Ave. 50 (E/W) 34.0 37.3 C D .Ave. 52 (VW) 33.0 36.0 C D Source.Table 2-2, "City of La Quinta General Flan Update Traffic Study (Revised), La Quinta, California," RICAC & Associates, Inc_, September 28, 2000. Average Daily Traffic Volumes The total number of vehicles that pass a defined roadway segment in both directions within a 24- hour period is known as the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) volume. ADT provides a useful benchmark number for determining various roadway configurations and design aspects. The peak hour ADT value, which represents the highest volume of traffic to pass over a roadway segment during a one -hour period, is also a useful naeans of determining roadway capacity and intersection levels -of -service. A variety of traffic data were collected to evaluate existing traffic volumes in the planning area, including peak hour counts in 1999 and 2000. Data sources include the City of La Quinta, County of Riverside, Coachella Valley Association of Governments, CalTrans and a variety of project - specific traffic studies conducted in the planning area and vicinity. Existing average daily traffic volumes in the planning area are illustrated in Exhibit III-5. REPEL TO INSET A L1'1GEND. 7OA=VEMC1Z$PER OAT MOWS) 1 City of La Quintal General 11aL TERRA NOVA Year 2000 Planning & Research, Ir�c. Average Daily Traffic (AM) Volumes Exhibit rN ity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Dna Pilt Se ion III - Environrnentat Impacts and Mitigation Public Transportation The Sunline Transit Agency provides public transit service within the planning area and the Coachella Valley. The Sunline fleet consists of buses powered by compressed natural gas, which are equipped with wheelchair lifts and bicycle racks. Sun1ine's "Sun Dial" program utilizes smaller buses to provide curb -to -curb service for the disabled. Mass transit service is provided to the planning area along four bus routes, including Lines 70, 86, 91 and 111. Line 70 extends from Country Club Drive an the north to the Cove neighborhood oil the south. This route includes four loops, two of which are located within the Cove. This line operates seven days a week, with a 60-minute headway, and thirteen round trips per day. Sunline expects to add an additional bus to this route and reduce headway time to 30 minutes by year 2003. .By year 2007, this route may be divided, with one bus serving La Quinta and one serving Bermuda Dunes. Line 86 generally extends from the Golf Center Parkwaylt-10 area in the north to the communities .of Oasis and Mecca in the south. It connects the southeasterly Coachella Valley with such employment centers as the Fantasy Springs and Spotlight 29 Casinos in the north, and the industrial and agri-business areas of the Enterprise Zone to the southeast. Line 91 closely follows the route serviced by Line 86, and extends from downtown Indio in the north to the Thermal and Mecca communities in the southeast. Line 91 primarily uses Highway 111 and currently includes four round -trips Monday through Saturday, and three round -trips on Sunday. Each trip is approximately 74 minutes in length. Sunline is considering iing one round trip operating seven days a week by year 2003. Line 111, which runs along Highway 111 from Indian Wells on the west to Indio on the east, is considered the trunk line for the Sun]ine bus system. This line operates a total of 37 round trips Monday through Friday at 25-minute intervals, and 23 round trips at 44-minute intervals on Saturday and Sunday. Between years 2001 and 2007, Sunline expects to add four additional full- time buses to this route and reduce service intervals to ten minutes. Rail Service Rail freight hauling and passenger service are integral parts of a multi -modal transportation system. Rail service is provided to the Coachella Valley by the Union Pacific Railroad (formerly Southern Pacific Railroad), and passenger service is provided by Amtrak. Between 30 and 40 trains pass through the Coachella Valley per day, most of which carry freight. Although there is currmily rna direct rail access to the General Plan planning area, passengers can board Amtrak trains at the Indio platform, and rail sidings in Indio and Coachella currently facilitate freight service. Future freight service may become available within the planning area, east of Thermal. Aircraft Traffic The Palm Springs International Airport serves as the primary air transportation link for the Coachelia Valley and the City of La Quints. The airport is classified as a long -haul cornunercial service airport and is capable of supporting non-stop commercial service to destinations over .1,500. miles away. The airport is also classified as a small hub air passenger airport, with major TN/Qty of La Quints Comprehensive General PlaulDraft EIR Section i11- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation destinations to San Francisco, Chicago, Seattle and New York, Commercial traffic at Palm Springs International is clearly seasonal, with the peak service period extending from January through March, and the slowest period occurring during summer months. From 1972 to 1994, the number of passenger enplanements accommodated at the airport increased from 143,809 to 486,644 per year, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5 percent. Passenger enplanements are expected to continue to rise and are estimated to reach about 809,256 by year 2015. 15 Desert Resorts Regional Airport (formerly known as Thermal Airport) is located in the southeasterly portion of the planning area. It was built by the U.S. Army during World War D and was transferred to Riverside County in 1948. The airport is classified by the FAA as a 'Transport Airport" in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems, and most operations involve smaller aircraft with wingspans less than 79 feet. Cunenf activity at the Desert Resorts Regional Airport are estimated at approximately 108,100 operations per year. By year 2010, airport capacity and operations are expected to increase to approximately 210,000 and 140,000, respectively. The current airport master plan calls for facilities to accommodate Airplane Design Groups (ADO) IV aircraft with wingspans up to 171 feet and Approach Category D. However, forecasts .of future activity indicate that the airport may be capable of supporting aircraft with wingspans up to 262 feet and should be planned at a minimum to ADG IIi and Approach Category C standards. 9 14 Bermuda Dunes Airport is located in the northerly portion of the planning area, adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad/Interstate-10 condor, In 1995, the airport accommodated a total of 25,332 operations, of which about 6.6% were business jet operations. Future operations are expected to reach approximately 26,852 annually. The potential expansion of facilities at this airport is essentially precluded by surrounding development. Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities With growing traffic volumes and limits to capacity expansion, alternative modes of transportation are important components of an effective circulation system, and the physical facilities necessary to make them safe and comfortable are essential, especially for a resort residential community. Theme of bicycles and walking as a means of transportation improves health, provides enjoyment, and reduces air pollution, traffic congestion and transportation costs. The City currently has only a partially developed system of sidewalks, bicycle lanes or multi -use trails within roadway designs and rights -of -way. In some locations, their construction has been inconsistent and disjointed. Bicycle use is limited in the planning area as a result of several factors, including extrretuo heat in summer months and insufficient right-of-way along roadways. However, the planning area will benefit from the careful planning and development of alternative transportation corridors that provide pedestrians and bicyclers with good connections between major commercial and residential areas, employment centers, schools, parks and other recreational 8 "Palm Springs Regional Airport Master Plan, Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study Update". Prepared by Coffttran Associates, 1993. 9 "Airport Master Plan for Thermal Airport, Riverside County„ Prepared by Coffman Associates, Inc. October, 199O. "Thermal Airport Environmental Impact repardEnviranmental Assessment".Prepared for the Riverside County Economic Development Agency..Prepared by Coffiman Associates, Inc. 1990. 10 111-37 TNICity of La Qui nta Comprehensive General PiaulDraft E[R Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mirigatiot sites. The development of pedestrian walkways, signals, crosswalks, lighting, benches and other amenities encourages walking a an alternative mode of transportation. Traffic calming techniques and reduced vehicle speeds can also be employed to make commercial districts and other areas more pedestrian and bicycle friendly. All -Weather Access The planning area includes numerous channels and drainage facilities which could affect roadway access itt the Cove neighborhood and north of Highway 111. Several bridge crossings are located throughout the City, including those at the following locations: 1) Washington Street at the Coachella Valley (Whitewater River) Stormwater Channel; 2) Washington Street at the La Quinta Evacuation Channel; 3) Eisenhower Drive at the La Quanta Evacuation Channel; 4) Jefferson Street at the La Quinta Evacuation Channel and the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal; 5) Avenue 50 at the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal; and 6) Avenue 52 at the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal.1 t However, there are a few locations which may still require the construction of all-weather crossings to assure accessibility during major flooding. Currently, •Jefferson Street, Adams Street and Dune Palms Road lack all-weather crossings over the Coachella Valley (Whitewater River) Stormwater Channel. Avenue 50 east of Washington Street also lacks an all-weather crossing over the La Quinta Evacuation Channel. The City Engineexing Department is currently evaluating the feasibility of constructing a new bridge at Jefferson Avenue and the Coachella Valley Stonnwater Chaunel.12 The bridge at Washington Street and the La Quinta Evacuation Channel was recently (2000) widened, and plans s are being developed to widen the bridge en Eisenhower Drive at the Evacuation Channel. 2. Project Impacts La Quinta General Plan Transportation Model The La Quanta. Transportation Model (LQTM) was developed by RKJK & Associates, Inc. to evaluate and refine local growth policies pertaining to circulation and transportation in the General Plan planning area. The model is based upon the Coachella Valley Area Transportation Study 2020 Model (CVATS), which was developed by the Southern California Association of Governments, in conjunction with the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) and the Riverside County Transportation Commission. The CVATS model is a large area network model used for regional transportation planning and is currently used by most of the agencies in the Coachella Valley to develop their long-range transportation plans. Using procedures similar to those used in the CVATS model, but on a more refined and focused level, the General Plan modeling process consisted of defining 146 Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) and the roadway network. Bach TAZ represents an area in which traffic is generated- The number of trip `productions" and "attractions" assigned to a TAZ axe dependent upon the land uses that occur within that TAZ. The TAZ system, was specifically tailored to the City of La Quinta in order to provide the most accurate data passible, 11 Steve Spear, Engineer, City of La Quinta, July 16, 1999. 12 Ibid. III-38 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Urafk l Section lE - Environrnental Impacts and Mitigation - Proposed land use information and socio-economic and highway network assumptions were utilized to project future traffic demands upon buildout of the planning area. Based on proposed land uses within_each TAZ, traffic volumes were generated and distributed along the circulation system. The TAZ system produced a forecast of traffic volumes in the planning area, and approximated how actual traffic is expected to enter and utilize the roadway network. Trip Generation The total number of vehicle trips produced in or attracted to a geographic area is directly related to the land use and demographic variables found in each TAZ. Therefore, trip generation expected at buildout of the planning area is based on the land uses assigned by the Recommended Alternative Land Use Plan. The LQTM model estimates the number of peak season vehicle trips that will be produced on an average weekday for each analysis zone. The model also gives special consideration to seasonal peak trips to address the increased travel demand (vehicle trips) that occurs when visitors and seasonal residents utilize the City roadway network. Eased on the ]and use pattern established by the Recommended Alternative, buildout of the planning area is expected to generate approximately 1,200,150 daily trip-ends.13 Daily traffic volume projections expected upon buildout of the Recommended Alternative are illustrated itt Exhibit III-5. Levels -of -Service on Roadway Segments Volume/capacity ratios for each modeled roadway segment in the planning area are illustrated in Exhibit UI-7. For the purposes of the La Quinta General Plan Update, a volutrte/capacity ratio of 0.90 and below is considered within an acceptable level of service. A WC ratio between 0.91 and. 0.99 is considered "near capacity," and a VWC ratio of 1.0 or greater is considered "over capacity." The data provided in Exhibit FIT-7 indicate that most of the roadway segments will continue to operate at acceptable Levels -of -Service (LOS l) or better and/or maximum VWS ratio of 0.90) at buildout of the proposed General Plan. However, 15 segments, including the following, have been identified as exceeding typical ADT capacities under the Recommended Alternative (i.e. WC ratios of 1.0 or greater). 13 `C ty of La Quiata General Plan Update Traffic Study (Revised), La Quinta, California," RKJK Se Associates, tnc., September 28, 2000E . Iti 39 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General FRanmrafit PSIR Section III - Eavironmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-13 General Plan Recommended Alternative Roadway Segments Projected to Exceed Capacity Buildout/Post 202D Period Roadway Segment WC Ratio Washington St.: Avenue 44 to Miles Ave. Washington SL: Miles Ave. to Highway 111 Adams St.: Highway 111 to Avenue 48 Monroe St.: Miles Ave. to Highway 111 Jackson St.: Indio Ave. to Highway 111 Auto Center Dr.: Interstate- 10 to Indio Ave. Dillon Rd.: Highway 86(S) to Highway 111 Avenue 50: Highway 86(8) to Vista Del Sur Country Club Dr.: Oasis Club Dr. to Washington St. Fred Waring Dr.: Oasis Club Dr, to Washington St. Highway 111: Washington St. to Adams St. Highway 1.11: Jefferson St. to Madison St. Highway 861111: Auto Center Dr. to Dillon Rd. Highway 111: Avenue 52 to Tyler St, Highway 111: Airport Blvd. To Filmore St, 1.0 1.15 1.03 1.03 1,03 1.08 1.01 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.08 1.01 1.17 1.03 1.08 It should be noted with regard to the above table that traffic volumes along eight of these intersections are projected to exceed capacity by 3% or less of roadway capacity. In addition to the above cited roadway segments, two segments of the US Interstate-10 corridor, extending from the Cook Street to the Jefferson Street interchanges, are projected to be at or to exceed capacity. Other potentially significantly iacted roadway segments will be only indirectly impacted by the General Plan project. These include Jackson Street itt the City of Indio; and Highway 861111 between Auto Center Drive and Dillon Road. Most of the identified impacts are associated with projected growth in background traffic through the 2020 period Although a roadway segment may be expected to exceed allowable capacity, intersection improvements may allow the segment to operate at acceptable levels. The LQTM model makes certain assumptions about access to network roadways, and actual impacts to capacity from adjoining development may be lessened by. thoughtful site planning, restricted access and conditions of approval. Possible mitigation measures and design parameters that can help preserve capacity and reduce impacts are discussed below. 111-40 --.1---WAS14116T1DPi ST. 107. 32.1 7s.e r 1117V1 I,FJ, 31_ 2 YAM INAHINO OR. 7$.2C- EISENHOWER 1A. REFER TO INSET A 29 4 12.0 26.3E03 22.1 AUTO 19J0 17-6 Cf7ER 1 i6 OR. 23.0 47 3 33.2 i4_2 25.6 A.Vt 50 22.7 24.5 12•.1: ,0 3�6 1241 6_5 AV€NIDA 9ERMlfDAS 27.7. m )a,{ ;al• 26,g 274 32 9 75.4 AWL 52 23.E 47.2 25.9 21.tz AV!,54 F 4,7 4.0 44.0 AIRPORT 19.3 42.0 VE.59 7,E} 17,4 Alt ea 4_ 35-1 39.1 . 47.1 5.7 1 14.5 52.2 25.3 24.0 Ixc t. 7,3-3 25.2 1 0.7 22.4 2.3 24.x 003. 22.3 13.3 9_D 12.3 4.1 ti 21 25.0 2.7 29.2 21.4 &.9 20S 9.5 �-9 145.9 35_! i34.5 E 34.2 43.1 29.1 7,0 2E.4 f4u,O RD. 02_2 [iii= • L.; - FIG` DR. 27.3 25,9 4t.2 40 I ,a. .t4 M 57.# V38YJ4 nEL.SVR INSET A 11,6 7' r x A'r� WESTWARD ,1' H4 DR. 51.4 40.7 5.9 29. 394 31.0 12 10.3 23.9 17.9 54,21 9,1 51,5 20-6 41.5 20.7 15.3 11.7 14,f • t2.4 15.2 b. LEGEIiD1 10.Q = VEHICLES PER DAY (1 '$) f2e 14.4 2.0 r 44 v `J TERRA NOVA Planning sk Research, Inc. 2.0 174 7.0 3.7 AWE ad 41-5 5.4 10.2 0.1 33. 20.3 15.7 40-1 5E,4 41_1 2.0 14.9 r▪ d � 2.0 17.0 . 7.3 b.R 912 45,7 17.8 11 7.5 2.0 31.3 16.0 24 2 241 15,6 2.4 11.5 r 0 9.9 5.8 2.0 2.0 Y&4 1_1 70 3.5 2-0 • 2.0 .. 20 2J0 35_9 2,0 3 6 2.0 2.9 x4x1-3 2-4 j 6 25.75.7 3 • 4.5 3.t 2 9 �4 f 17.5 City of La Quinta Genes Plan Post 2020 Average Reify Traffic Volumes Exhibit 111-6 1.17 •1,A! 1.00 H �1�, .55 I --YIASHIN9TQN si• REFER TO INSET A 1 1 .32 .59 ,94 93 -77 AVE 50 $$ ,72 -'.5A -44 AVEN1DA 9EPMUDAS 4 .55 .45 €s ' _b9 1.03 1.4: .36 f. .94 .613 .70 AMEN -94 fiB l7§ 93 .59 .93 -57 .52 .74 ,7'2 A 57 ragrgnT .51 .74 .45 .32 .55 57 .2.9 A5 .54 kVA. SS 72 .e4 DILLCN ID. .32 05 '..91 .92 .10 .57 .36 .55 .41 .93 .12 .73 .75 .40 .77 .91 .33 76 .01 .23 52 47 .93 .75 -32 S4• .70 .43 1 � ► •.A4 5.73 A L52 .51 .36 31 .0'7 LEOEND, .14 �? as 0,80 = VOLUME-.TO--CAPACr1V RATIO 07 TERRA NOVA Planning & Research, inc. City of La Quinta General Plan Post 2020 Volume to Capacity Ratios 29 .3v .93 -32 4214DAVE. NEED' _ 2Ea, 1,• STA @€'L SUR .37 .41 1-9 0 : .1# INSET A WESTWARD H4 DR. 07 .14 .07 42 • _14 � 799 _14 14 .17 .41 I4 .C9 25 .21 .14 .19 .14 14 .. .14 .1# 13 74 .15 .09 ,12 ` _13 .11 4F 1 .07 -55 Exhibit III-7 J TNi ty of La Qai�tta Comprehensive General Plan Draft MR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mtigation intersection Analysis As part of the General Plan analysis; anticipated turning movements at twenty major intersections have been evaluated to establish anticipated levels -of -service for each. intersection in the AM and PM peak hours. As described previously, for signalized intersections, average total delay per vehicle is used to determine the Level -of -service. Table II1-14, below, indicates that all intersections are expected to operate at an acceptable level -of -service "D" or better at project buiidout. This analysis assumes optimized signal timing and provides adequate time for pedestrian crossings. Table -14 Anticipated Levels -of -Service for Major Intersections at General Plan BuiidoutlPost 2020 Peak Hour Ave. Delay (sees) LOS Intersection am pm am pm Washington St. (HIS) at: Country Club Dr. (E/W) 48.7 49A D Hovlcy Ln. (E/W) 34.9 51.2 C Fred Waring Dr. (OW) 49.5 46.8 1) Miles Ave. (E/W) 45.2 50.7 D S 111 (B/W) 41.3 48.6 D Eisenhower Dr. (1W) 49.6 51.0 D Ave. 50 (E/W) 42.4 47.3 D Jefferson St. (N/S) at: Country Club Dr. (ENO 50.5 45.7 D D Ave. 44 30.6 49.5 C D Miles Ave. (VW) 27.2 43.7 C D SR 11 t (WW) 28.3 36.2 C D Ave. 48 (EIW) 46.7 44.1 D D Ave. 50 WW) 30.5 42.7 C D Ave. 52 (FEW) R l Madison St. (N/S) at: Ave. 50 (E/W) 40.1 49.8 D D Ave. 52 (EIW) 38.5 45.2 D D Jackson St. (NIS) at: Airport Blvd. (EN') 46.6 50.9 D D Harrison St. (MS) at: Airport Blvd. (VW) 39.8 38.6 D D SR-111 (N/S) at: Airport Blvd. (E/W) 45.9 49.0 D D Ave. 62 (EtW 50.3 46.4 D D OCIVU0gC R = roundabout intersection. Source: Tab!e 4-2, "City of La Quinta General Plan -Update Traffic Study (Revised)," RICK &.Associates, Inc., Sept. 28, 2000. DI-43 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDraft EIR Seetwnlf - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Golf Cart Route Systetn14 As part of the evaluation and planning of the City circulation system, the General Plan .proposes a comprehensive golf cart route system that will encourage and accommodate golf cart usage in key Locations of the planning area. Golf cart usage within the City can provide an enjoyable, convenient, safe, economical and non-polluting alternative mode of transportation. As the planning area builds out and its reputation as a resort residential community continues to grow, golf cart `Sage can be effectively incorporated into the City's circulation system, The proposed pathway system has been designed to connect residential, recreational, commercial and other community activity centers. A two-phase golf cart route implementation plan has been developed for the General Plan. Phase I represents a 5- to 10-year time frame and is meant to benefit existing development. Phase II provides a longer term and more comprehensive route plan which should be implemented commensurate with planned growth in the southeast portion of the planning area. Both phases have been designed to maximize potential connectivity with golf cart pathways in adjoining cities. Several recharge stations have been proposed along the path system to minimize mechanical failures. Phases I and 11 of the golf cart plan are illustrated in Exhibits III-8 and 111- . Golf Cart Safety The presence of golf carts on on -street pathways and at intersections will bring a new element to the City's transportation network, However, their usage is not expected to result in significant conflicts with motor vehicle traffic. Cart paths shall be carefully designed and engineered so as to assure the safety of all path users, A minimum of 12 feet is recommended for all Class I (off street) paths and wi]1 allow golf carts to share the pathway with bicyclists and pedestrians. A minimum of E feet and appropriate striping should be provided for all Class II (on -street) designated routes. Class 111 routes will not require extensive modifications except for the installation of siglage. - The proposed cart pathways have been selected to minimize vehicular conflicts and avoid mid; block crossings at uncontrolled intersections. To facilitate The safe crossing of Highway 111 and the Coachella Valley Stormwater Chamiel (Whitewater River), the golf cart plan requires modifying the roadway classification of Adams Street, from Miles Avenue to south of the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, to a Modified Secondary Arterial. This modification will allow a Class II golf cart path to be constructed along Adams Street. The proposed Modified Secondary cross-section is illustrated in Exhibit 1iI=10. The safety of golf cart operators, pedestrians, bicyclists and motor vehicle operators is of the utmost importance. The golf cart path, system is intended for daylight usage only. Although lights will be required on all vebioles, use before sunrise or after sunset will be prohibited. Golf carts which utilize the City's public golf cart routes must comply with specific safety and• mechanical requirements set forth in the City's Golf Cart Route Plan, must be certified by the City as "road ready," and must carry an appropriate permit sticker. Golf cart operators must carry a valid California Driver's License and provide proof of insurance. Golf carts must be properly maintained, and must be equipped with seatbelts and child safety equipment, 14 "Golf Cart Route Evaluation, l.a Quinta, California," RKJK & Associates, Inc., Septenxber 11, 2000. M-44 FRED wARINq PR. 111 LA' .1 NTA CeNTRE Lk QVINTA DR. LEGEND: n, t cmc CENTER (u - HALL. POST OFFICES, ETC.) S HOPPINCC CENTER LOCATION SCHOOL LOCATION — • • GOLF COUR.sE LOCATION /• = PARKS AND R£CREATTO GNARUINO LOCATION = CLASS 1 PAThh • CLASS II PATHS ■•-7-CLASS 111PATHS AVENIDA MONTEZLIIMMA r.47 ��+5•mnn�mn��r�i m��r�ig� TERRA NOVA al finning & itesearch, inc. • i 1 • • z I AVENCA 1 FERNAI CALLE EstN � 3 AVE 52 oli City of La Quints General Plan Phase I (2085) Golf Cart Routes CENTRE OR/ 1O OR/ CENTRE DR. WHITEWA7ER RR AVE54 Exhibit 111-8 TERRA NOVA Planning & Research, Inc. City of La Quiriu#a General Plan Phase if (Bulldout) Golf Cart Routes Exhibit m- Augmented Major at Dual Left Intersections - StateHigh-way 1' 77'6" 85'6" t' e 11' 11' 11' .* i (Eight Lanes divided, w/break&'wn ism} *Through lane adjacent to turn lane is reduced 1 foot, but returns to, standard width on far median nose. Augmented Major at Dual Left Intersections - City Street 14S'-151' 67-71' la' 1 1 ' 11' 81-12.1 side of intersection adjacent to 3' y 1 # T (Bight Lanes divided, no parking) *Through hoe adjacent to tutu lane is reduced I foot, but returns to standard width on far tnediun nose. Major Arterial at Dual Left Intersections - State Highway 142' -- 11' 4 111 4 11' .$.-12' side of intersection adjacent to 12' 12' 14' 12' 12' I�r 19' 'III -411 4 4 (Fight Lanes divided, no panting) *Through lane adjacent to turn lane is reduced 2 foot, but returns to standard width on far sick of intersection adjacent to median nose, Primary Arterial A at Dual Left Intersections - city Street 116' 12' 4 12' 12' 121* T (Four Lanes divided, no parking} *'Through lace adjacent to turn lane is reduced I foot, but returns to standard width on far side of intersection adjacent to median nose. 12' 4 12' Modified Secondary at Single Left Intersections - City Street 88' -. 1 12' L Al TERRA. NOVA Planning .& Research, Inc. 5 15' 1�k 15' 11m 11 Gat 04 (Two Lanes undivided, wigolf Cart Mae) 12' City of La Quin#a General ran Street Cross Sections at Intersections; State Highways and City Streets Eahiblt 11'* TNICity of La Qurnta Compatensive General Han/Draft EIR Section TEE - Envito„wental Impacts and Mitigation Potential Benefits of Golf Cart Usage The development and implementation of the proposed Golf Cart Plan will encourage golf catt usage as an alternative mode of transportation. Although potential golf cart usage has not yet been quantified, it its expected to contribute, to some extent, to a reduction in the number of motor vehicle trips generated over the life of the General plan, decreased demand for parking facilities, and an associated reduction in local air pollution. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Neither annexation of lands into the City, nor approval of the sphere of influence amendment, is expected to have an immediate impact on the circulation system, given that no new development is immediately planned for these areas. As the areas develop, however, traffic generated by new development will need to be integrated into the area -wide circulation network. In particular, the Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch Specific Plan projects, which have been approved for the development of commercial, low, medium and high -density residential, and major community facilities, will contribute to increased traffic volumes within and in the vicinity of the General Plan planning area. Based on the proposed land use patterns established by the City, buildout of the annexation area and of the SOI amendment area is expected to result in level of service D or better within those areas, as depicted in Exhibit -7, "Post 2020 Volume to Capacity Ratios for the Recommended Alternative". These estimates account for traffic generated by existing and future development, Although traffic volumes in the annexation and SOX amendment areas will increase over the long- term, none of the roadway segments within these areas is expected to exceed capacity at buildout (post 2020 period). Both of the major itxtersectians analyzed within the annexation and SOI areas are expected to operate at level -of -service "D" during peak hours at project buildout. These include: 1) Jackson,Street at Airport Boulevard, and 2) Harrison Street at Airport Boulevard. Assigning the roadway classifications described in the "Mitigation Measures" section, below, will contribute to a reduction in congestion on high -volume roadway segments in the annexation and SOI areas. Summary of Roadway Impacts The average daily trip volumes projected to result from buildout of the Recommended Land Use Alternative and projected background traffic are generally not expected to result in significant adverse impacts which cannot be addressed through the assignment of appropriate roadway classifications and planned roadway improvements. However, fifteen roadway segments are likely to operate with volumes that exceed their design capacities at General Plan buildout, and result in significant impacts. The mitigation measures identified in the following section are expected to reduce these significant impacts. 3. Mitigation Measures Roadway Classifications The capacities ofroadway segments in the General Plan planning area are defined by anumber of variables, including the number of travel lanes, the number of access points onto the roadway, and roadway geometry. To adequately serve projected traffic volumes at General Plan buildout, 11148 TN/City of is Quinaa Compritetve General Plan/Draft ER Section ID - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Potential Benefits of Golf Cart Usage The development and implementation of the proposed Golf Cart Plan will encourage golf cart usage as an alternative mode of transportation. Although potential Of cart usage has not yet been quantified, it is expected to contribute, to some extent, to a reduction in the number of motor vehicle trips generated over the life of the General Plan, decreased demand for parking facilities, and au associated reduction in local air pollution. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment _ Neither annexation of lands into the City, nor approval of the sphere of influence amendment, is expected to have an immediate impact on the circulation system, given that no new development is immediately planned for these areas. As the areas develop, however, traffic generated by new development will need to be integrated into the area -wide circulation network. In particular, the Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch Specific Plan projects, which have been approved for the development of commercial, tow, medium and high -density residential, and major community facilities, will contribute to increased traffic volumes within and in the vicinity of the General Plan planning area. Based on the proposed land use patterns established by the City, buildout of the annexation area and of the SOI amendment area is expected to result in level of service D or better within those areas, as depicted in Exhibit 11I-T, "Post 2020 Volume to Capacity Ratios for the Recommended Alternative". These estimates account for traffic generated by existing and future development. Although traffic volumes in the annexation and SOI amendment areas will increase over the long - tent, none of the roadway segments within these areas is expected to exceed capacity at buildout (post 2020 period). Both of the major intersections analyzed within the annexation and SGI areas are expected to operate at level -of -service "D" during peak hours at project buildout. These _include: 1) Jackson ,Street at Airport Boulevard, and 2) Harrison Street at Airport Boulevard. Assigning the roadway classifications described in the "Mitigation Measures" section, below, will contribute to a reduction in congestion on high -volume roadway segments in the annexation and SOI areas. Summary of Roadway Impacts The average daily trip volumes projected to result from buildout of the Recommended Land Use Alternative and projected background traffic are generally not expected to result in significant adverse impacts which cannot be addressed through the assignment of appropriate roadway classifications and planned roadway improvements. However, fifteen roadway segments are likely to operate with volumes that exceed their design capacities at General Plan buildout, and result in significant impacts. The mitigation measures identified in the following section are expected to reduce these significant impacts. 3. Mitigation Measures Roadway Classifications The capacities of roadway segments in the General Plan planning area are defined by a number of variables, including the number of travel lanes, the number of access points onto the roadway, and roadway geometry. To adequately serve projected traffic volumes at General Plan buildout, m-g TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft MR Section lll - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation the local road network will require additional improvements. The upgraded roadway network that will be necessary for the City of La Quinta to adequately circulate local and regional traffic is illustrated in the following exhibits. Exhibit HI-11 shows the recommended roadway classifications, and Exhibits 111-12 and 1,11-13 illustrate the cross -sections for these classifications. The assignment of these roadway classifications and the preservation of adequate right -of --way, especially at intersections, are expected to contribute to a reduction in congestion on high-vohune roadway segments, The following roadway segments are recommended for classification as Major facilities (six lanes, divided): . * Washington St, from Country Club Dr. to Highway 111 ' Washington St., from Avenue 48 to Avenue 52 • Jefferson St., from Country Club Dr. to Avenue 54 • Highway 111, from Washington St. to Jefferson St. Madison St, from Avenue 54 to Avenue 58 • Harrison St., from Airport Blvd. Ta Avenue.64 • Airport Blvd., from Polk St. to Grapefruit Blvd. (Highway 111) The following roadway segments are recommended for classification as Primary facilities (four lanes, divided): • Country Club Dr., from Washington St. to Jefferson Sr. • Avenue 42, from Washington St. to Country Club Dr. ▪ Fred Waring Dr., from Washington St. to JefTerson St. • Miles Ave., from Washington St. to Jefferson St. • Avenue 48, from Washington St. to Jefferson St. • Avenue 50, from Eisenhower Dr. to Madison St. • .Avenue 52, from Avenida Bermudas to Monroe St. * Avenue 54, from Jefferson St. to Madison St. • Airport Blvd., from Madison St. to Polk St. • Madison St., from Avenue 50 to Avenue 54 • Monroe St., from Avenue 52 to Avenue 60 • Jackson St., from Airport Blvd. to Avenue 60 • Van Buren St., from Airport Blvd. to Avenue 60 • Avenue 60, from Monroe St. to Hanison St. • Avenue 60/62 Crossover, from Harrison St, to Polk St. • Avenue 62, from Polk St. to Grapefruit Blvd. • Avenue 66, from_ Tyler St. to Polk St. • Grapefruit Blvd. (SR-111), from Airport Blvd. to Avenue64 The following roadways are recommended for classification as Secondary facilities (four lanes, undivided): • Adanas St, from Fred Waring Dr. to Avenue 48 • • Dime Palms Rd., from Fred Waring Dr, to Avenue 48 11149 TNlcity of La Qutnta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section 1II - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • Avenue 54, from Madison St. to Monroe St. • Eisenhower Dr., west of Washington St. • Avenida Bermudas, south of Avenue 52 • Avenue 58, from Madison St. to Harrison St. • Polk St., from Airport Blvd. to Avenue 66 ▪ Madison St, from Avenue 58 to Avenue 60 • Avenue 60, from Madison St. to Monroe St. • Monroe St, from Avenue 60 to Avenue 62 _ • Avenue 58/62 Loop, from Madison St. to Monroe St. • Avenue 62, from Monroe St. to Avenue 60162 Crossover • Jackson St., from Avenue 60 to Avenue 64 Pierce St.;lxom Grapefruit BIvd.. (Highway 111) to Avenue 64 The following roadways are recommended for classification as Collector facilities (two lanes, undivided):. • Westward Ho Dr., from Adams St. to Jefferson St. ▪ Filmore St., from Grapefruit Blvd. (Highway 111) to Avenue 64 ▪ Avenue 58, from Polk St. to Filmore St. • Avenue 60, from Polk St. to Grapefruit Blvd. (Highway 111) • Tyler St., from Avenue 60/62 Crossover to Avenue 66 • Avenue 64, from Jackson St. to Grapefruit Blvd. (Highway 111) The roadway classification, "Augmented Major," is reconnmended for the following locations: • Washington St., from Country Club Dr. to Interstate-10 • Washington St, from Highway 111 to Avenue 48 • Highway 111, west of Washington St. In order to accommodate golf carts (see previous 'Golf Cart Route System discussion), Adams Street is proposed as a modified secondary roadway between Miles Avenue and Corporate Centre Drive, a future roadway north of Highway 111. M-SO i ILNIIII b . �`J��J=�I Il �o ,mliinlu ITIEd EDIA444.44. City of General La Quinta Plan LEGEND Roads - - — - - Township/Range Sections `"4---"-"" Railroads City Limits -- — —" General Plan Planning Area City Sphere crf influence EXHIBIT III-11 CITY ROADWAY CLASSIFICATIONS 0 Freeway Interchanges Augmented Major (SD) 1 --f Major Arterial (6D) 11 N H Primary Arterial - A (4D) AA u u Primary Arterial - D (4D) -dp—up--m-Secondary Arterial (4U) # Modified Secondary (2D) • s— Collector (2i]) &uroc: CO 4r Li Quit Genera flak Updplt Traffic Strdy, RICJIS 6 AsHodar1s, IAa Rptamber.1100 Scale 1:90,000 t;,2$0 12,500 18,750 Feet N 0 RTI-I Riverside County Vidltityr Mart —' — Map Prepared an:July 10. me0 , 1 Ibis Prepared kriz kale InfomratJanSoloing • amaaxkava =4_., Nep VorMon Jima 21 Augrncuted Major = City Street 1 12' 1 t' . 11' 11' 12' 1,4' 12' 11' 11' 13' 12' (Eight Lanes divided, no patting) Major Arterial - City Street 120' 9' FCC 11' 12' Primary Arterial - A 1R' (Six Lanes divided, wlbike lane) 12' 11' . 12' 8' 10f 131 18' 13' 18' 8' .12' - .. Pumary Arterial - B (Four Lanes divided, wlbike lane) i(h 12' 12' 13' 12' 18 12 7 12' ! (Four Lanes divided, wlbike lane) Secondary Arterial 88' 12' i 14' 12' 12' 14' 1 12' (Four Lanes undivided, no parking) Collector 74' 11' S' 12! 12.1 (Two Lanes undivided, wfbike lane) Local a„ (Iwo Lanes 'iv/parking) Cul o' (Two Lanes w/parking) 11' .A TERRA NOVA Planning A keeoaxat Lim City of La Quinta General Plan Street Cross Sections - City Streets Exhibit Augmented Major - State Highway • 11' 12'• 336'-144' 14' 12' (Tight Imes divided, w4 reakdown lane) Major Arterial - State FJi hwa 11' 11' 11' ''-t2' 12' S' 12' 24' 12' 12' 8' )C' (Six Lanes divided, wf bike lane) City of La Quinta I TERRA NOVA • General Plan naming & Rezearch,. Inc. Street Gross Sections - State Highways Exhibit W-L3 'DT/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/DraftEIR Sedan Ea -Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Intersection Improvements The ultimate arbiters of roadway capacity are typically the intersections, which represent the most coustraiued and defining porticos of the roadway network, As described earlier, each of the twenty intersections evaluated in the planning area are expected to operate at LOS D or better in the buildout (post 2020) condition. However, some intersection improvements are recommended to vptimi2e roadway levels -of -service. Recommended intersection geometries.; are illustrated in Exhibit III-14, below. Intersection Monitoring Locations Additional intersection enhancements are recommended at the ends of roadway segments where capacity deficiencies are expected. Such enhancements may include the construction of dual left tarn lanes, right turn lanes, right turn channe]ization and signal phasing improvements. These improvements could require additional right-of-way. Critical intersection are identified in Exhibit 111-15. The City shall routinely monitor and evaluate traffic conditions at these intersections to assure that realignments and other appropriate improvements are implemented where necessary, Roundabout Intersection A roundabout intersection designis recommended for use at the Jefferson Street/Avenue 52 intersection. The roundabout has a number of benefits, including the elimination of unnecessary "red light" delays. Such a design also eliminates the need for a traffic signal, associated maintenance and operational costs. Compared to .conventional intersections, vehicle speeds at roundabouts are typically slower, and drivers are faced with only one direction of opposing traffic, thereby reducing, to some extent, the potential for and severity of accidents. The recommended roundabout design for this intersection is illustrated in Exhibit Ill i b. 111-54 4E4 AMU li iLhAlliN IlliE NW NVIN1"" NV Exhibit f-15 r TERRA NOVA Planning & Research, Inc. City of La Quint* General Plan Post 2020 Intersection Monitoring Locations UNIMPEDED RIGHT TURNS AT ALL APPROAO 1ES SOURCE REF CONSULTINQ _A TERRA NOVA Nanning & Rom, Inc.. City of La Quinta General Flan Proposed Roundabout Design Jefferson Street/Avenue 52 Intersection Exhibit 111-16 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Ptan/Dra€t.BIR Section at - Environmental Impacts and mitigation Additional Mitigation Measures The City shall continue to regularly monitor land use and traffic trends within the planning area, and make periodic adjustments to its roadway network through roadway improvement and -maintenance management programs. This will be accomplished by conducting on -going inventories of current traffic and circulation patterns, coordinating with adjoining cities, State and regional agencies that have jurisdiction over roadways affecting the planning area, and through the phased improvement of roadway cross -sections and intersection geometries. The City may also need to consider limiting or restricting access along high volume roadways, including Highway 111, Washington Street and Jefferson Street, by combining private driveways, installing raised medians, adding tun lanes, alor minimizing the number of turn lames. Through the development and implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies, the City will be able to extend or preserve capacity of existing roadways. TDM involves the development and implementation of goals, policies and programs that encottuage the use of a wider range of transportation alternatives, including public transit and bicycles. Such techniques may include encouraging the use of car/van pooling and flex -time work schedules, and the continued utilization and expansion of public transit services. In response to the Riverside County Transportation Commissions' Congestion Management Program (CMP), the City of La Quinta has adopted a TDM ordinance. The following mitigation measures will help assure that the City's circulation system functions at its most optimum and efficient, while keeping required improvements as cost-effective as possible. A. , The City shall establish and maintain a master plan of roads, which sets forth detailed improvement plans and priority schedules for implementation. The goals of the plan shall - be the operation of roadway segments and intersections at a ViC ratio of 0.90 and LOS D, respectively, or better. R. The City shall continue to coordinate and cooperate with CalTrans, CVAG, Riverside County and adjoining cities with regard to the phasing of highway improvements that assure acceptable operating levels along Interstate-10 and its interchanges, Highway 111, Highway $fi, Washington Street, Jefferson Street and other major roadways serving inter- city traffic. -C.. The City shall encourage the utilization of masslpublic transit, including that of the Sunline Transit Agency. D. Prior to the approval of development proposals, the City and developers shall confer with the Sunline Transit Agency to determine where bus turnouts and covered bus shelters shall be placed within the project and in the project vicinity_ E. The City shall encourage resort hotels and developments to provide guest shuttle service to commercial, recreation and dining venues in the City. ffl 58 'JN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Planinrraft EXR Seciion III - Envir mnenjtal Impacts and Mitigation F. To minimizethe number and length of vehicle trips traveled within and in the vicinity of the City, the General Plan Land Use Plan shall be maintained to provide for a balance and mix of employment and housing opportunities. In support of same, the City shall encourage the use of multi -occupant modes of transportation, and shall encourage employers to utilize telecommuting opportunities, home -based employment, and part- time or non -peak hour work schedules. G. The City shall prepare and adopt a comprehensive Trails Master Plan of continuous, convenient multi -use trails and bicycle routes that connect residential, commercial, schools, parks and other community activity centers. The Plan shall be coordinated with the CVAG Non -Motorized Transportation Plan and Riverside County's Eastern and Western Coachella Valley Plans, to the greatest extent practical. H. Development proposals and roadway improvements and plans shall comply with the current Riverside County Congestion Management Program (CMP), as defined by the Riverside County `transportation Commission, and the City -adopted TDM ordinance The City -shall consult and coordinate with the Coachella Valley Water District to assure the provision of adequate all-weather crossings along critical roadways. 1. The City shall continue to collect traffic hnpact mitigation fees in accordance with its traffic mitigation and improvements program, and shall assure that appropriate fees are assessed for development projects as a means of supporting the financing of transportation infrastructure. Impact fees shall be collected prior to the issuance of building permits and may be incrementally assessed in conformance with the City program. K. The City shall proactively consult and coordinate with the Riverside County Airport. Authority and the Palma Springs International Airport Authority to assure that local and regional airports continue to meet the City's existing . and future transportation, commercial and emergency response needs. L. The City shall consult and coordinate with the Riverside County Airport Authority to encourage the updating of the Desert Resorts Regional Airport Master Plan, and the expansion of airport facilities to accommodate commercial traffic in the eastern Coachella Valley. M. The City shall continue to identify and designate image corridors throughout the City. All development proposals located within a designated image comdor shall be reviewed for compatibility with the natural and built environments to assure maximum protection of aesthetic values, N. The City shall incrementally implement the comprehensive Circulation Element Golf Cart Plan, which identifies minimum general design requirements for golf cart lames, guidelines for a City-wide golf cart inspection and permitting process, uniform specifications and 111-59 'rNfaity of La Quints Comprehensive General P1anfr]raft ELR Section 1II - Environmental Impacts and Iv ts'gation symbols for signs and traffic control devices, and minimum requirements for golf cart operators. The City shall consult and coordinate with neighboring jurisdictions regarding the use of uniform signage and symbols. D. The City shall require, as necessary, project -specific andlorphase-specific traffic impact analyses for subdivision and other project approvals. Such analyses may be required to identify buildout and opening year traffic impacts and service levels, and may need to exact mitigation measures required on a cumulative and individual project or phase basis. Mitigation MonitoringfReporting Program A. The City shall establish a program of street and intersection monitoring that.identifies facilities where capacity is at or near full utilization. Monitoring shall occur periodically, as appropriate and necessary improvements shall be incorporated into the City's five year capital improvements plan. Responsible Parties: Public Works Department, City Engineer B. The City shall identify all roadway segments under its jurisdiction that warrant limiting or restricting access along high volume roadways, including Highway 111, Washington Street and Jefferson Street. Staff shall evaluate the effectiveness of combining private driveways, installing raised medians, adding turn lanes, and/or minimizing the number of turn lanes Appropriate roadway modifications shall be incorporated into the City's five year capital improvements plan. Responsible Parties: Public Works Department, City Engineer C. Every two years, the City shall confer and coordinate transportation planning activities with CalTrans, CAG, Riverside County and adjoining cities to assure coordinated planning and construction of major roadway improvements along identified critical roadways. Responsible Parties: Public Works Department, City Engineer D. Prior to the approval of subdivision maps or other City development permits, developers shall submit detailed development and preliminary roadway improvement plans to the City for approval. The plans shall be reviewed by staff to assure their compatibility with other City circulation improvement plans, the above -referenced mitigation measures, and originally approved development plans. Responsible Parties: Developer, Consulting Traffic Engineer, Public Works Department, City Engineer, Corm -trinity Development Department E. I-nternal roadway mitigation measures shall be incorporated into development designs, the inclusion of which shall be verified by the Community Development Department_ Responsible Parties: Developer, City Engineer, Public Works and Community Development Departments 1Jt-rfo TN/City of La Quanta Comprehensive General P1anfDraft EIR Section 1 1- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation F. Development approvals shall be withheld until the City Community Development Department verifies that the developer has consulted with the Sunline Transit Agency and that public transit has been incorporated into project design to the greatest extent practical. Responsible Parties: Developer, Sunline Transit Agency, Community Development Department, City Engineer G. The City . half maintain close, on -going consultation with the Riverside County Airport Authority and pro -actively work for the expansion of the Desert Resorts Regional Airport facilities to accommodate commercial traffic in the eastern Coachella Valley. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, City Council D. Soils and Geology X. Existing Conditions The following discussion is largely based upon the .geotechnical evaluation that was prepared for the La Quinta General Plan Update by Earth Consultants International. 35 The report addresses geotechnical and seismic conditions in the Genera] Plan planning area and the broader Coachella Valley, and is included in its entirety in Appendix G. Geologic Setting The City of La Quinta and adjacent planning area are located within the Salton Trough, a physically contiguous tectonic depression which extends from the San Gorgonio Pass to the Gulf of California. The Salton Trough is the landward extension of the East Pacific Rise spreading ridge and transform fault system. The formation of new surface crust at this spreading ridge is responsible for separating Baja California from mainland Mexico and creating the Gulf of California. These two plates are sliding past one another at an annual rate of about 50 nun, and the movement between them is responsible for the earthquakes that occur in southern California. Recent studies indicate that far too few earthquakes have occurred in southern California in the past 200 years to account for the rate of movement between the two plates. The data suggest that numerous moderate earthquakes, or a few large earthquakes of magnitude 7.2 or larger may occur in the near future. Soil and Geologic Units in the Planning Area Rocks and sediments infihling the Salton Trough provide important details about the geologic history of the area. The granite which forms the Santa Rosa Mountains and functions as the basement rock for the Coachella Valley region is estimated to have been deposited more than 65 million years ago. During the past 10,000 years, the Salton Trough has been, periodically inundated with water, including ancient Lake Cahuilla which evaporated about 400 years ago, and the present- day Salton Sea, Deposition of sediments on the valley floor continues to occur today. The planning area is generally underlain by four types of geologic deposits: granitic basement sock associated with the Santa Rosa Mountains, lacustrine deposits associated with former bodies of water, alluvial (stream) deposits shed from the mountains, and blowing sand deposits. Specifically, the planning area is comprised of six geologic units, as illustrated in Exhibit III-17. The engineering properties of each is described below. 15 "Technical Pack round g Report to the Safety Element of the General Plan for the City ofLa Quints,,, prepared by Earth Corxsaltaiits Iniernauonal, November 10, 1999. DI-61 TIWCIty of La Quints Comprehensive General PianiDraft EIR Section - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Granite (gr) Granite is hard crystalline rock which comprises the Santa Rosa Mountains and serves as the basement rock for the Coachella Valley. This durable bedrock forms steep slopes and is typically non -water bearing, except where significantly fractured and jointed. Weathering of granite often results in the formation of rounded boulders that perch precariously onslopes and can pose a significant rockfall hazard to areas adjacent to and downgradient from these slopes. Unweathered rocks cannot be excavated easily and blasting Ls frequently required. Quaternary Conglome to (Qc) This geologic unit is exposed at the surface along the margins of the Coachella Valley and comprises much of the Indio Hills north of the City. This conglomerate is estimated to be about 2,000 feet in thickness and plays an important role in the distribution and productivity of the region's groundwater aquifers. Since boulders exceeding 10 feet in diameter have teen documented in this unit, the primary engineering concern is grading and the generation of oversized materials. Quaternary Terrace Deposits (Qt) These stream deposits consist of thin patches and mantles which cap older rocks and are typically up to a few feet deep, with large boulders and a gravel and sand matrix. Rather small outcrops of this unit occur along the margins of the Coachella Valley, and within the planning area immediately south of Lake CahuilIa. These deposits may produce scattered oversized material and may be moderately susceptible to wind erosion. terbedde stern Lake an uvial ' (QTJQa1) These units were deposited by ancient Lake Cahuilla and other large lakes as recently as 400 years ago. They are up to 300 feet thick and are typically inbedded with alluvial (stream) deposits. The fine-grained lacustrine (lake) deposits may be moderately to highly expansive, and therefore subject to shrink and swell. Quaternary Alluvium (Qa1) These alluvial deposits primarily occur at the mouths of drainages emanating from the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and underlie older development constructed west of Eisenhower Drive. Because these sediments may have been deposited rapidly, without being saturated, the major engineering concern affecting this unit is .collapse upon introduction of irrigation water (also referred to as hydroconsolidation). Sand Dunn Deposits (Qsd) _ Much of the northern portion of the City is underlain with active windblown sand deposits. This unit is particularly susceptible to wind erosion and collapsible soils. III�62 i i i i 1 'e. 1IIIII III 11 r y I =N111151 rrai111 F•^pIIIIWh a 6-111! r• AI W I�EJF�1 ill ad Ancient Ca1+t�1n ApproNi Pilot Grc Gel — — t argie Fecll.ty Shatigraphic RslationshIps of Earth Units City of La Qdrita Saandl MG aep0905 [G3GtlI: %Nod.biown said is, rely caarmn n e,e area IS mapped trci hoit'lanrlh.iiparlcnortheCIty Thehot-err F sliniinr the pts+Olr4UN1111140.¢y111i44Yi r.1Nar7paveamix5Teo dire area beg ieauea In areas mapped BE. CIE induce %%irra-dam and eresdan aid 6:1 purr scAS. G.OWalry Plllhurd (QC The P11.0.mis. *rail Ivdevbux4eitie inzlAh9dcirelrr er cis aixhineromlha Santa lnasa rr .irtairca to the sc+.th. Tharik MVO wan r elf laid dThIlAd-mtr brtir 24:41MtCd Assresat,themajor ergreedroIgr,psRdiry1h-r:.r Is collapse rao edlai Lion irtlodWish cf irti ion cadesc idatiat IrtdrteCIr ry Lake ar 1 .0.1161.111 Der=d116 P1144 cepcas d a,dett Lake Cat. I8 end Wier large IOa LID l0 Idt fee- m HrcMiess !Heal-- „-1 .Ih alit/AM deaslt pm In 11e aep1pdn ark sednmea Lyim enogal 2E . saiawe paternal 1?elisread to to Tie+, r,1rwrnegr0Vet! Wm. await may' oe ICC9.4r, weirdo da tti 1y 'Kamm CI:stamp/Term DeFoais (. snail terrace cep: its ern amppeagl:ng re.lgley ITErgrL They --- vr nist itin malles md pitches .1;pinig alder ram 1Teserspa are up in a law Amp I. Ihtlrem..a.111+Iruge bauo6ra, enc a gram aria sand meal t r*tdrreJff engineering echoers a s aEsotialedvitt" His unit Ouvamssy Caowlorrw (¢t: Moppedsldy11-a aley car isaYJ..., es smite LIAO I E Info Has to His north Enddm Lp td 19fest in [tauter ors tlsxl.rerAd. The pireryeq eeri-g carton 16 the pereratanaoderaimdmateralth.rlgttrebuplank1HtinIr ttnl. This mrgicrrrasts Ia IOCEdV ITIMEI Yed war 2,,00'J tact Int ckrQe6 r ire SQrj Ckiara(s in aieerl tills •..11Yin the saLi -eDrit am: e:gemn aard n dine Ciry. Cerrrrcrar car l ed the "Cactus Grails".. These =I%areprare t, bk, lv+raa sortie Inudersacid aottlm react ha rro:Wrotero IWI hazard for deweloprErt xitnl,11e rrio-ruins, muss as In sruchias ecru szeepek. sail.astie Carl. City of La Quinta General Plan ■ ■ r ■ LEGEND Roads Towriship/Range Sections Railroads City Limts General Plan Planning Area City*here oflntluenc Exhibit III-17 Geologic -t• and Engineering - rerties Geotectrilcol Col5lrein1 Fkittird 1flATd Erasion 'fyslograpfyl lithnioay Earth Llri s ArF2filld Active Blaming Sand and Sand Dtriea Ced 1Mrid Erosion Cal, CI, CI_ Ground Failure Afi SeIley !areas Clad, U, Qsd �e Vine(II8edineritswith Shrink and Swell Charectdedstfcs CI Callepsihle Sc fs , AYwittm and lhind Deposits C7al. Qtd Ronirfell Hazard StaupTeri ain gr bedrock fault, ducted where Wield v*r' queried where uncertain The geology illustrated herein is based upon regional mapping and Should not substitute for site - specific a iaki on, •:Based on rmlOr'91 mapdrg or Proctor (1938j, and a1 cc T letian by Rogers 01955p RACIered by Earth Ocringtents Into T71 nondr for Wzrra Fibre Ffarring Reaseroh, Inc. Scale 6,260 12,660 Feet 16,780 NORTH �Tm Ri•rer5irie C .tnty Ywinfy wrap kLip prepared an August 23, IMO i op prepare0 by -Aerial Information Systems, Vermin fr I Tap Uermio. 2 TN/City of La Quitta Comprehensive Genera] Plan/Draft BtR Section la - Environmental impacts and MM itigat#on Geologic Hazards Each of the geologic units that occur at or near the surface of the planning area pose unique geologic and geotechnical constrains and opportunities, as described bellow. irk Instability Although the granitic rock forming the City's mountainous terrain is generally stable, the weathering and steepness of the slopes can result in precarious rock formations that could fall as a result of intense seismic groundshaking or rainfall. In the City, the roala]1 hazard is considered high for hillside development and development located adjacent to steeply ascending hills. The threat of mud or debris flows in the City is expected to be low, given that the City's hillside terrain is underlain by granites rather than fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Collapsible S Soil collapse, or hydroconsolidation, typically occurs in recently deposited soils in an arid or semi- arid environment. When saturated, soils experience a rearrangement of their grains and a loss of cementation, resulting in rapid and substantial settlement under relatively low loads. The weight of a structure, combined with the infiltration of water from irrigation or a rising groundwater table, can initiate settlement and cause cracking of foundations and walls, and tilting or sagging of floors. Withinthe planning area, the predominantly silty soils deposited in a saturated condition on the floor of ancient Lake Cahuilla are not susceptible to collapse. However, the alluvial fan deposits from the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, and the blowing sand deposits in the northern portion of the City are prone to collapse when exposed to heavy irrigation of lawns or plantings in close proximity to a structure's foundation. Ex ausive Soils Expansive soils are those that contain significant amounts of clay particles that have the ability to give up (shrink) or take on (swell) water. When these soils swell, the change in volume can exert significant pressures on loads created by buildings or other structures. Because of the relatively significant amounts of clay present in the lacnstrine deposits of ancient Lake Cahuilla and other lakes that once inundated the Coachella Valley, expansive soils are considered a hazard in the La Quinta area. . Ground Subsidence Ground subsidence is the gradual settling or sinking of the ground surface with little ox no horizontal movement. This phenomenon is associated with the extraction of oil, gas, or groundwater from below the ground surface, but it may also occur as a result of an earthquake. Subsidence can. result in the disruption of surface drainage, reduction of aquifer storage, the formation of earth fissures, and damage to wells, buildings, roads and utility infrastructure. Ground fissuring near Avenue 52 and. Adams Street in La Quinta was observed in 1948, and is believed to have been related to groundwater withdrawal in the Coachella Valley. The fissuring occurred during a period of rapid water withdrawal, before recharge of the water basin with imported Colorado River water. Currently, direct groundwater recharge in the La Quinta area is minimal, and 1996 measurements taken by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that subsidence is 11-64 TNltxity of La touts Comprehensive General Man/Draft EIR Section. III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation probably continuing to occur. Displacement and fissuring typically occur at or near the margin of the Coachella Valley.'Because La Quinta is located at the valley margin, damage to structures as a result of regional subsidence would be expected in the City. Mitigation of subsidence will require a regional approach to groundwater conservation and recharge. Since 1996, the Coachella Valley Water District has operated a successful pilot recharge facility south of Lake Cahuilla near Avenue 62 and Madison Street. Design of a fu]I-scale facility is expected to begin in the next several years. Wind nosion and B1owsand Much of the Coachella Valley is highly susceptible to wind erosion and the. adverse impacts of b]owsand. The valley floor, in particular is largely unprotected from strong winds which blow southeasterly, as they are funneled through the San Gorgonio Pass. Abrasive, sandy soils that comprise the valley floor are easily transported by the wind, and can pose a hazard as they abrade and damage buildings and motor vehicles, fill drainages and yards, and limit visibility on roadways. The strongest wind storms typically occur during spring months. The primary source of sand in La Quints is the Whitewater River. Increases in wind erosion rates in the La Quinta area are associated with episodic flooding events which change the composition of the Whitewater River drainage from a stony to sandy material. Mitigation of wind erosion in La Quinta, therefore, is associated with the reduction of flood potential of the Whitewater River, Wind erosion hazard zones in the planning area are illustrated itt Exhibit III i8. M-65 SLIGHT i 1 r , , jr r i r i r 1 l i i i r l City of La Quinta General Pisa ..r. LEGEND Roads Township/Range Sections Railroads City Limits General) Plan Planning Area City Sphere of Influence Exhibit III-18 Wind Hazard Map EXTREME: Very severe wind erasion hazard - areas exposed to erosive w inds where soli* show distlnet evidence of wind accumulation. and areas e xpceed tfi erosive winds where Bois highly to E:drer sly eroddble by wind have been mapped, SEVERE: Severe wind Ereei¢n hazard -areas exposed la erosive winds where Loire strewing eitsenct evidence of v111d aooumulatlon have nor bsen mapped, bud where sells mode relery la highly moo Ihle by wind have been Mapped. MODERATE: Moderate wirdd erasion hazard - areas genially protected from erosive winds and areas where floe -grained tolls only slightly erodible by wind have been prepped. SLIGHT, Slight wind erosion hazard - bedrock auras and areas perfairy to fully protected from erosive winds where the Sok Are coarse-flralned and snow little evidence or soil removal yr ecoumulat af. ,avows* Knecht, Amore A„ ipgp Soll Survey of Riv*rslde County, Ca lir+ivlii, CpAaki% Va./ Nan, Limed Sietea trepartmerd of Agrloulura, SdiICohservdfinn S-rVIct-, .r Cooperationwith th0UnTreroilyOfCoeroinlaAerlarrireratt rperarlerrtSeatien, Sep. plea fie map sheede- Drvola, Frank L., i9A7. Progress. Report on iha Colin-ha/is Valley WinKI Emsinn Problems: United Skates Qet;arimeni oFl .Awe, SOi conservation BOrvicb. Rreperod At Me request of tic Caac4talla tralcf Sal Cvnsorvaaon Ceslrlyd. 3�p, Prepared by: Earth Consultants International for Terra Nova Planning & Research, inc. Scale 0 6,280 12,880 19,780 Feet Nei; NORTH R'versicia County VsoinitY Map k Map prepared on July 10, 2IX rdlap prepared by_ Aerial Information Systems Map vereiarb No. 6 T /Qty of La Quima Co[npreiensive General PlanoDraft EIR Section III -, Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Seismic Activity About 70 percent of the earthquakes that occur in southern California are along the San Andreas fault. The rest of the movement occurs along other northwest trending faults west of the San Andreas, and a. series of faults east of the San Andreas known as the Eastern Mojave Shear Zone, which were responsible for ibe 1992 Landers earthquake, The severity of an earthquake is determined by its magnitude and seismic intensity, which is an estimate of the damage caused by the earthquake at a given location. The Modified Mercalli Intensity (M1 ll) scale is commonly used to classify seismic intensity. The scale includes 12 levels of damage; the higher the number, the greater the damage. Under the guidelines of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, the State of California classifies faults according to the following criteria: active faults show proven displacement of the ground surface within about the. last 11,000 years (Holocene); potentially active faults show evidence of movement within the last 1.6 million years. Potentially active faults are considered less likely to be the origin of an earthquake. However, most have been insufficiently studied to determine whether they are truly active or not. No evidence of active or potentially active faulting has been found within the General Plan planning area. Given their proximity to the General Plan planning area, however, several faults have the potential to generate strong ground shaking motions that will impact the entire camnoauuty. The City is located between two of California's most active faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto, San Andreas Fault Zone The San Andreas fault is the principal boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates, and is comprised of three segments in southern California: the Mojave Desert, the San Bernardino Mountains, and the Coachella Valley. The San Andreas fault is located less than three miles northeast of the City of La Quirna. The Coachella Valley segment, also referred to as the Mission Creek fault, extends from the Salton Sea to the San Gorgonio Pass and is the closestsegment to the City of La Quinta. Paleoseismic studies indicate that the most recent rupture on this segment occurred about 300 years ago, btrt the average time between earthquakes is about 230 years. This segment has about a 22% probability of generating a magnitude 7.0 earthquake before the year 2024. The San Bernardino Mountains segment is located approximately 30 miles northwest of La Quinta. This segment is a structurally complex zone because it makes a left -step to bend in a more westerly direction. The San Bernardino Mountains segment last ruptured in 1812, and has a 28% probability of failing in the next 30 years. The Mojave segment of the southern San Andreas fault is located north of the San Bernardino Mountains segment and last ruptured in 1857. This segment is approximately 83t miles in length, and has a 26% probability of rupturing before year 2024. 1:1 67 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ELR Sectiorx ] - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation San Jacinto Fault The San Jacinto Fault Zone consists of a series of closely spaced faults that form the western margin of the San Jacinto Mountains, approximately 10 miles southwest of the City of La Quinta. The zone extends southeasterly, from its junction with the San Andreas leaf in San Bernardino toward the Brawley area. The San Jacinto Fault Zone has a high level of of historical seismic activity, although no great earthquakes have been produced. Its most recent surface rupturing earthquake was the 1987 event on the Superstition Hills segment, The slip rate of the San Jacinto fault is estimated between 7 and 17 nun/year, and it is capable of generating magnitude 6,5 to 7.5 earthquakes. Elsinore Fault The Elsinore Fault zone is located about 30 miles southwest of the City of La Quinta, anti has historically been one of the quietest of the largest fault zones in southern California. The fault has a sliprate of about 5.0 rnmlyear and breaks in a major ground rupturing earthquake on average about every 400 years. It is capable of producing magnitude 6.5 to 7.5 earthquakes. Earthquake Hazard Design Scenarios A maximum probable earthquake (MFE) is the largest earthquake a fault is predicted to be capable of generating within a specific time period. The IvIPE is most likely to occur within the life span of most development, and is commonly used in assessing seismic risk in a particular area. The IviPE for the City of La Quinta is a magnitude 7.2 earthquake generated by the San Jacinto fault or the Coachella Valley segment of the San Andreas fault. Such an event would be expected to damage vulnerable structures, including potentially hazardous buildings, and result in localized ground failures in the City. However, given the City's relatively modem building stock, the threat to lives and ptoperty is expected to be substantially less than potential economic losses. The Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) is the largest earthquake a fault is capable of generating. It represents a worst -case scenario and is often considered in emergency planning and the design of critical facilities such as fire stations, hospitals and dams. The MC• for the City of La Quinta may be a magnitude 8.0 if the entire southern San Andreas should rupture in a single large earthquake. If such an event were to occur, damage to the City would be extensive, although loss of life would be expected to be low due to the City's predominantly modern building stock, Seismically Induced Geologic Hazards In addition to direct impacts such as ground acceleration and surface rupture, other seismically induced hazards can impact the community and its structures. Some of these hazards include liquefaction seismically induced settlement, landslides and rockfalls, each of which is discussed below. motion Liquefaction generally occurs when loose, saturated, sandy soils are subjected to Modified Mercalli Intensities of MY and higher. Significant ground shaking increases water pressure in the pores between soil particles, causing soils to lose cohesion and to "liquefy." Liquefaction can result in structural failure due to settlement, loss of bearing capacity of foundation soils, the buoyancy of buried structures and water seepage through ground cracks. TM/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Ea Section f1X - Environmental lrnpatts and Mitigation Liquefaction is not a random phenomenon and requires certain geologic and hydrologic conditions to occur, including recently deposited sands and silts in areas with high groundwater Levels. The eastern portion of the planning area is particularly susceptible to liquefaction because of its shallow depth to groundwater, generally less than 30 feet below the surface. Liquefaction hazards in the p arming area are illustrated on Exhibit III-19. Site -specific geotechnical studies are die most reliable method of determining the liquefaction potential of a site. General approaches to mitigating potential liquefaction hazards include, but are not limited to avoidance of development on areas susceptible to liquefaction, stabilization of ground materials through compaction or replacement of soils, and designing structures to resist liquefaction by attachment to ground soils. Seismicallv Induced Settlement Seismic ground shaking can cause the compaction or densif'ication of soils, resulting in local settlement and damage to structures and foundations, or regional damage to water and sewer lines. The potential for this to occur is dependent upon the intensity and duration of ground shaking and the density of subsurface soils. Loose sediments, including windblown or recently deposited alluvial sands in the planning area are particularly subject to seismically induced settlement. As illustrated in Exhibit 1CC-24, much of the valley floor in the planning area is vulnerable to seismically induced settlement. Seismically h�duced Slope tostabi i It is not uncommon for major earthquakes to result in large-scale landslides and rock falls. Very steep, potentially unstable slopes are located on the western and southern margins of the City of La Quinta. Seismically induced landslides, rock falls and rock slides can be expected to occur on the steep slopes along the southern and western portions of the City, and development in close proximity to the base of these slopes are vulnerable to these hazards. Exhibit III-20 identifies those areas within the planning area when rockfall is considered a hazard. 5eisnncally h uced Inundation Localized flooding can result from the structural failure of water tanks, reservoirs, canals, recharge basins and other water retention structures during a seismic event. In the planning area, these structures include Lake Cahuilla, small golf course lakes, above -ground water reservoirs, and recharge basins southeast of Lake Cahuilla. This hazard is dependent on specific earthquake parameters, including the frequency of seismic waves and distance from the epicenter, as well as site -specific design of the enclosed bodies of water. Damage to these structures could pose an inundation hazard if they contain water at the time of the earthquake, and could hinder fire suppression efforts and limit the supply of potable water after an earthquake. .E1,e1111111 City of La Quinta General Plan ■ ■ ■ a LEGEND Roads Township/Range Sections Railroads City Lints General Plan Planning Area City Sphere of Influence Exhibit II E-19 Liquefaction Susceptibility ID Liquefaction herd due to coexistence of young sediments and ground water that may be within 30 feet of the surface. Potential liquefaction bard due to the presence of young sediments, however, ground water is generally mare than 30 feet below the surface. E. Not liquefiable, re ons underlain by granitic bedrock_ Repaired by. Earth Corfsuftents lneematioriaf for Terra Nova Planning & Resaarth NORTH f2iueralde Geunty V.rinly h1ap ` Map prepared on JuI' 10, 2090 !clap prepared lay:Aerial Informatlun Systems Map Vetrel0r1 No. 5 1' EIF I iiiiii . ' IEI s ,rp! tali 1 Hill _ VIP: INl1111 1 .Lill IC!I IifllIJ s f • 0 ! III . >i,.i1 I IFI Il111111 % . 4' 4 rrr1111111i� I11 I{II 111111 , iIIlI 1111 JIIII I1ii III 111111 --� t - I111r11r11iiri 111n11111JII 1 i E Cull it 1 1110111� City of La Quinta General Plan . ■ ■ ■ LEGEND Roads Tovunshipi ange Sections Railroads City Limits General Plan Planning Area City where of Influence Exhibit III-0 Seisrrically Induced Settlement and Rockfall Susceptibility Region vulnerable to saisrriically induced settlement, Differential settlements are most likely to occur along valley margins, RP Region vulnerable to seismically induced roddall- Prepared by, Earth Gonsr mttants fntematiorial for Tee Nave %nning & Research Scale 8,260 12,860 Feet 1&,78D Mnp prepared on July f0, 20i i Map prepared by_Aerial Information 5ystedls Mep Verllion Na, 6 ` tfCi ty of La Quinta Cflmprehenaive O ncral Plan/Draft 12 R Section lII - Enviramncntal Impacts and Mitigation 2. Project Impacts General Plan buildout will involve the development of major and minor projects, ranging from permits for single family additions to Specific Plans consisting of mixed residential, commercial, resort and industrial land uses. Some development may require extensive site grading and earthwork which could impact existing topography. Groundshaking associated with regional faults will continue to pose a threat to future development_ Other potential impacts associated with development of the planning area are discussed below. Soils Areas of the City and planning area that have a moderate to high susceptibility to rockfall and landslides are generally limited to the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and development adjacent to them. Development• in these areas will be subject to the City Hillside Conservation Zone Ordinance, which regulates development an slopes and hillside areas. Development on the Valley floor adjacent to steep hillsides must be required to assess the potential impacts of rockfall prior to construction of structures, so that mitigation measures can be implemented on a site -specific basis. Alluvial fan deposits shed from the Santa Rosa Mountains and blowing sand deposits in the northern planningarea are vulnerable to collapse and/or hydrocompaction. When saturated, these soils could experience a rearrangement of their individual grains, resulting in a loss of cementation and damage to structures and foundations that are built upon them_ In areas proposed for development, site -specific studies must be conducted to evaluate the collapse potential. Lacustrine deposits associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla contain relatively significant amounts of day, and therefore could be moderately to highly expansive. Expansion testing and mitigation are currently required in the City's grading and building codes, and need to continue to be enforced. Subsidence in the Coachella Valley is closely associated with groundwater overdraft. A ground fissure resulting from subsidence has been documented in La Quinta in the past, and future ground fissures have the potential to .occur throughout much of the City. Structures sensitive to slight changes in elevation, such as canals, sewers and drainage improvements are generally sensitive to the effects of subsidence and may be damaged if subsidence occurs. Mitigation of subsidence and its potential impacts will require a regional approach to groundwater conservation and recharge. The northern portion of the planning area is highly susceptible to wind erosion. Increased development and surface disruption resulting from grading and construction loosens soils and increases the amount of dust and other small particles in the air. However, in the long-term, the installation of landscaping associated with new development will contribute to the stabilization of drifting sand. The -City currently requires the preparation of erosion control plans as part of the grading permit process, providing site -specific mitigation for this haaartd with each development. Project -specific erosion control measures must continue to be implemented to protect on -site soils. The potentially adverse health impacts associated with suspended dust and blowsand are further discussed in Section III -I, Air Quality. III-72 TNfCity of La Quinta Comprehensive, General Ptanf reft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Seismicity Although the planning area does not contain any known active or potentially active faults, it is located in close proximity to the San Andreas and San Jacinto Fault Zones, and is vulnerable to the effects of strong seismic groundshaking. Geologic analysis of the San Andreas Fault Zone indicates that these segments have a moderate probability (22 to 28%) of generating a moderate to large earthquake before year 2024. Earthquakes can cause substantial property damage, the loss of public services and facilities, and loss of fife. Strong groundshaking can also trigger slope instability, liquefaction, settlement and flood inundation, and can cause a variety cif localized, but not less destructive hazards such as urban fires, dam failures, and toxic chemical releases. Mobile homes may be shifted off their foundations, resulting in rupture gas lines and subsequent fires. Most injuries and loss of life that result from an earthquake are the result of the collapse of hazardous buildings and other structures, which may include buildings constructed prior to improved building codes, uareinforced masonry buildings and soft -story buildings. The City of La Quints Department of Building and Safety adopted the 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC) in July 1999. New development in the City will be subject to this, or later versions of the UBC andfor International Building Code, and should be able to resist major earthquakes without collapsing, although structural damage could occur. As a result of previous earthquakes in southern California, state law was passed which required that unreinforced masonry buildings be documented, reinforced or demolished. Older buildings in the City and County have been documented, as required by law, and mitigation measures already implemented. The potential impacts from older buildings in the City and planting area, therefore, should not be significant,. Liquefaction Liquefaction is defined as the total or substantial Ioss of shear strength in saturated, fine-grained, sand soils. It can cause structural distress or failure as a result of excessive settlements, a loss of bearing capacity in the foundation soils, and the buoyant rise of buried structures. Liquefaction susceptibility is considered high within the eastern portion of the planning area, and moderate in the central and northern planning area. However, isolated areas could liquefy during anearthquake if the soil and groundwater conditions are conducive to failure (far example, if loose and unconsolidated soils are saturated). These conditions could develop locally near water retention or groundwater recharge basins, such as the Coachella Canal. Mitigation measures must be implemented to reduce the potential risk associated with liquefaction in the planning area. Seismically Induced Slope Instability Areas in the planning area that have a moderate to high susceptibility to rockfall are generally Limited to the steep slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and development. adjacent to them. Local roads adjacent to the slopes could be blocked by fallen rock debris immediately following an earthquake, which could hinder rescue and evacuation operations. IVIanufactured slopes of significant height could also be susceptible to failure and should be engineered to resist seismically induced failure. m-73 TNICity of La Qui nta ComPrebensive General Plan/DrafE MR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Seismically Induced Inundation Strong groundshaking could also result in structural damage or failure of water tank, canals, retention/detention basins, and other enclosed bodies of water, including Lake Cahuilla. Damage to above -ground water tanks may include bulging at the bottom of water tanks, shearing off of pipes, and damage to the roof and shell. Water released from these structures could result in local flooding and could impact structures downgradient. Based on the size and capacity of Lake Cahuilla and its surrounding levee system, it may be eligible for structural safety evaluation under the California Division of Safety of Dawns. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Although it is unlikely that a substantial amount of development will occur within the proposed annexation and sphere of influence areas in the near -term, a variety of projects, ranging fioln low to high -density residential projects and commercial development, to major community facilities, are expected to be constructed over the long -temp. Such development will require grading, earthwork, and the construction of new structures, which may expose people and/or structures to a number of potential geologic hazards. Given the proximity of the annexation and SOY areas to the San Andreas and San Jacinto Fault Zones, and the associated potential for significant ground shaking, the construction of new buildings in these areas will increase the potential for human injury, loss of life, and property damage. However, these threats can be substantially minimized with the application of appropriate mitigation, measures, including strict adherence to the latest version of the Uniform Building Code and/or International Building Code. The proposed annexation and S01 amendment areas are located within the boundaries of Ancient Lake Cahuiila, and the underlying soils in these areas are largely composed of interbedded quaternary lake and alluvia] deposits. These fine-grained lacustrine and alluvial deposits may be moderately to highly expansive., and given their ability to shrink and swell, can exert significant pressures on loads created by buildings or other structures and result in structural damage. Due to the presence of loose, sandy, unsaturated soils and a relatively shallow depth to groundwater, the annexation and SOI amendment areas are highly susceptible to liquefaction, collapsible soils, and seismically induced settlement. Seismic ground shaking within or in the vicinity of the City may initiate these phenomena and could result in damage to buildings, structural foundations, water and sewer lines, and other subsurface improvements, The threat of soil collapse could be increased where a rising or shallow groundwater table is allowed to infiltrate a structure's foundation. As illustrated in Exhibit III -IS, the annexation and SOI areas are also subject to moderate to extreme wind erosion hazards. Motor vehicles, buildings, and other structures may experience moderate to severe abrasion, visibility may be reduced, and drainages and yards may be filled with blowsand. However, over the long-terrn, continued development in the annexation and SOI areas may actually mitigate some of the impacts of blowsand. The constnzctton of buildings, landscape treatments, streets, sidewalks and other paved surfaces may help stabilize the ]Dose, unsaturated soils that characterize this portion of the planning area and thereby create barriers to blowing sand. The mitigation measures described below are applicable to all development projects occurring within the annexation and SOT amendment areas. YllE-74 TN1G5ty of La Quanta Comprehensive General PlantOraft t Section DI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Without mitigation, buildout of the General Phan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with soils and. geology. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated .with soils and geology are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented; A. The City shall investigate the possibility that Lake Cabuitlla may be eligible for structural safety monitoring by the California Division of Dam Safety, and shall coordinate with the Division in this regard, as appropriate, B. Proper structural engineering, which takes into account the forces that will be applied to structures by anticipated ground motions, shall provide mitigation for ground shaking hazards. Seismic design shall be in accordance with the most recently adopted editions of the Uniform Building Code and/or international Building Code, and the seismic design parameters of the Structural Engineers' Association of California. C. The City's Emergency Preparedness staff shall undertake and maintain a seismic hazard reduction program which should consist of the identification and mapping of geologic and seismic hazards, the expedient retrofitting and rehabilitation of weak or damaged structures, and the enforcement of fire and building codes. Programs that help City residents provide for themselves after a seismic event should also be maintained_ D. Proposals for development on wind or stream -deposited sediment on the valley floor shall include site -specific subsurface geotechnical investigations that address settlement, liquefaction, and collapsible soils. These hazards can generally be mitigated by proper excavation, compaction and foundation. design. E. The City shall continue to require expansive soils testing as part of its grading and building codes, and shall assure the implementation of mitigation measures which minimize these hazards, such as the use of reinforcing steel in foundations, drainage control devices, overexcavation and bad:filling with non -expansive soils F. The City shall continue to support and encourage local and regional groundwater conservation measures in an effort to mitigate potential subsidence resulting from groundwater overdraft (see also Water Resources discussion in Section III-F), G. All grading permit requests shall include a soil erosion prevention plan. Blowing dust and sand during grading operations shall be mitigated by adequate watering of soils prior to and during grading, and limiting the area of dry, exposed soils during grading. To mitigate against the effects of wind erosion after site development, a variety of measures shall be. provided including maintaining moist surface soils, planting stabilizing vegetation, establishing windbreaks with non-invasive vegetation or perimeter block walls, and using chemical soil stabilizers (see also Air Quality discussion in Sectioning). 1II-75 TN}Ci ty of La Quints Coutprchcnsive General Plan/Draft Section 111- Environmental tal Impacts and Mitigation H. Where development is proposed adjacent to or in close proximity to steep slopes, site - specific geatechttical studies shall be conducted to evaluate the potential for rock falls andlor landslides, and to establish mitigation measures which minimize these hazards. ]<. During site grading, all existing vegetation and debris shall be removed from areas that are to receive compacted fill. Any trees to be removed shall have a minimum of 95% of the root systems extracted, Man-made objects shall be overexcavated and exported from the site. Removal of unsuitable materials may require excavation to depths ranging from 2 to 4 feet or more below the existing site grade. J. A11 fill soil, whether on site or imported, shall be approved by the individual project soils engineer prior to placement as compaction f]]. All fill soil shall be free from vegetation, organic material, cobbles and boulders greater than 6 inches in diameter, and other debris. Approved soil shall be placed in horizontal lifts of appropriate thickness as prescribed by the soils engineer and watered or aerated as necessary to obtain near -optimum moisture content. K. Fill materials shall be completely and uniformly compacted to not less than 90% of the laboratory maximum density as determined by ASTM test method D-1557-78. The project soils engineer shall observe the placement of fill and take sufficient tests to verify the moisture content, uniformity, and degree of compaction obtained. In -place soil density should be determined by the sand -cone method, in accordance with ASTM Test Method D- 1556-64 (74), or equivalent test method acceptable to the City Building and Safety Department. L. Finish cut slopes generally shall not be inclined steeper than 2:1 (horizontal to vertical). Attempts to excavate near -vertical temporary cuts for retaining walls or utility installations in excess of 5 feet may result in gross failure of the cut and may possibly damage equipment and injure workers. All cut slopes must be inspected during grading to pro -vide additional recommendations for safe construction. M. Finish fill slopes shall not be inclined steeper than 2:1 (horizontal to vertical). Pill slope surfaces shall be compacted to 90% of the laboratory maximum density by either over- filling and cutting back to expose a compacted core or by approved mechanical methods. N. Retaining walls shall be constructed to adopted building code standards and inspected by: the building inspector. D. Foundation systems that utilize continuous and spread footings are recommended for the support of one and two-story structures. Foundations for higher structures must be evaluated based on structure design and on -site soil conditions. P. Positive site drainage shall be established during finish grading. Finish lot grading shall include a minimum positive gradient of 2% away from structures for a minimum distance of three (3) feet and a minimum gradient of 1% to the street or other approved drainage course. III-76 'i/GS,ty of La Quinta Comprehensive General PianIDraft Section IIl - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • Q. An adequate subdrairt system shall be constructed behind and at the base of all retaining walls to allow for adequate drainage and to prevent excessive hydrostatic pressure. R. Utility trench excavations in slope areas or within the zone of influence of structures should be properly backfrlled in accordance with the following recommendations: ,a) Pipes shall be bedded with a minimum of 6 inches of pea gravel or approved granular soil. Similar material shall be used to provide a cover of at least 1 foot over the pipe. This backfill shall then be uniformly compacted by mechanical means or jetted to a firm and unyielding condition. b) Remaining backfill may be fine-grained soil. It shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 6 inches in thickness er as determined appropriate, watered or aerated to near optimum moisture content, and mechanically compacted to a minimum of 90% of the laboratory ma imum density. c) Pipesin trenches within 5 feet of the top of slopes or on the face of slopes shall be bedded and backtilled with pea gravel or approved granular soils as described above, The remainder of the trench backfill shall comprise typical on -site fill soil mechanically compacted as described in the previous paragraph. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting A. During any project site preparation, the City Engineer and Building Department staff shall conduct site inspections to ensure compliance with applicable City ordinances and conditions of approval, as well as any additional erosion control mitigation measures specified in this document. Responsible Parties; City Engineer, Building Department, developer, grading contractor. E. Subsequent to preparation of final development plans and specifications, but prior to grading and construction, the foundation plans should be reviewed by the geotechnical consultant and/or the City Engineer to verify compatibility with site geotechnical conditions and conformance with recommendations contained herein. The need for additional sub- surface exploration will be determined on a project by project basis. Responsible Parties: City Engineer, geotechnical consultant. C. When appropriate, rough grading -of a project site shall be performed under geological and engineering observation of the geological consultant and/or the City Engineer. Rough grading includes, but is not limited to, grading of overexcavation cuts, fill placement, and excavation of temporary and permanent cut slopes. Responsible Parties. City Engineer, geotechnical consultant. D. As determined appropriate by the City Engineer and consulting geologist, the geotechnical consultant and/or the City Engineer shall perform the following observations during site grading and construction of foundations to verify or modify, if necessary, conclusions and recommendations in the project's geotechnical report: TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfiDret E7R Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 1. Observation of all grading operations. 2. Geologic observation of all cut slopes. 3. Observation of all key cuts and fill benching. 4, Observation of all retaining wall back cuts, during and following completion or excavation. 5. Observation of all surface and subsurface drainage systems. 6. Observation ofbacldfil] wedges and subdrains for retaining walls. 7. Observation of pre -moistening of subgrade soils and placement of sand cushion and vapor barrier beneath the slab. 8. Observation of all foundation excavations for the structure or retaining walls prior to placing forms and reinforcing steel. 9. Observation of compaction of all utility trench baclill. Responsible Parties: City Engineer and/or geoteclmical consultant. E. rlydrology 1, Existing Conditions The Coachella Valley and City of La Quinta are located within a low desert basin which isolates the region from moist and cool maritime air masses coming onshore to the west, creasing a subtraplcal desert climate, Mean annual rainfall is very low on the desert floor, ranging from 4 to 6 inches per year. In some years, no measurable rainfall has been reported, Precipitation generally occurs during winter months, between December and March. Rainfall on surrounding mountain slopes generally increases with elevation, while temperatures generally drop about 5° F with every 1,OOO foot increase in elevation. Although average rainfall in the region is low, occasional high -intensity thunderstorms and tropical storms, which occur primarily during late summer and early fall, are capable of creating flash floods. Rainfall of sufficient intensity and quantity is capable of saturating dry ground surfaces, substantially reducing percolation rates and increasing runoff. Impervious surfaces associated with development also contribute to rainwater runoff. In the Coachella Valley, flash flooding is generally limited to washes extending from mountain canyons, floodway and floodplains adjacent to rivers and low-lying drainages. Flooding on alluvial fans can be particularly damaging because floodwaters move at high velocities and spread across wide, uncbannclized areas. Given that portions of the City are located on alluvial fans, the hazard posed by flooding is significant if not mitigated. Flooding can also result when unusually warm conditions in early spring cause the snow pack on adjacent mountains to malt quickly. In fact, most of the surface water in the Coachella Valley is derived from snow melt off the slopes of the San Bernardino, Little San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains. The, water is usually absorbed by porous sands and gravels on the valley floor and continues to flow underground. However, if surface sediments are already saturated, additional runoff can remain on the surface and result in minor to major flooding. T ieity of La Quints Comprehensive Genera/ Plan/Draft EJR Section En -Environmental Lnpacls and Mitigation Historic data indicate that major storm events have occurring the Coachella Valley, The Army Corps of Engineers' benchmark storms include the storm of September 24, 1939, The thunderstorm preceded a major storm off the western coast of Mexico, was centered over Indio, and generated 6.45 inches of rain in a 6-hour period. Tropical storm Kathleen, which occurred from September 9 to 11,1976, generated very heavy rainfall over a three county area. As much as 14 inches of rain fell onto surrounding bills and mountains, draining into the valley and contributing to excessive flood damage in desert communities. The flood hazard in the City of La Quinta planning area is primarily associated with storm flooding on the alluvial fans that drain the San Bernardino and Little San Bernardino Mountains. Regional Stormwater Management The Coachella Valley Water District (CWD) is responsible for the management of regional drainage facilities which convey runoff originating outside the City. CVWD's management efforts are primarily focused on rivers, major streams and their tributaries, and areas characterized by significant sheet flows. The District is empowered with broad management functions, including flood control planning and the construction of drainage improvements for regional flood control facilities. In the planning area, these facilities include the Coachella Valley Stonnwater Channel (Whitewater liver), La Quinta Evacuation. Channel and Bear Creek Channel system. Local Drainage Managennent16 The management of local drainage is the direct responsibility of the City. A draft Master Plan of Drainage was prepared by the City several years ago, but has not been adopted. Nonetheless, it is used as a useful guide for directing future stormwater management improvements. The City's drainage system currently consists of a network of recently retrofitted stenos drains, ranging from IS to 60 inches .in diameter, within the rights -of -way of streets in the Cove. Additional street improvements, including curbs and gutters and possibly storm drains, are currently in the design phase and are expected to be installed in the Downtown Village area within the next several years. Since its incorporation, the City has required that new development construct on -site retention and/or detention basins capable of managing 100-year stormwater flows. Development which is immediately adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel has the option of conveying runoff directly into this facility, Major Flood Control Facilities A number of flood control projects have been constructed to manage regional and site -specific drainage ni the community. Such improvements include levees, stormwater channels, debris basins and detentionlretention basins. The costs and methods of planning and constructing flood control projects are weighed against the economic impacts likely to result from major flood events. Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel The Whitewater River is the principal drainage for the upper Coachella Valley and the City. It flows southeast through La Quinta, then northeast through the City of Indio, where it bends southeast again, eventually draining into the Salton Sea about 44 miles southeast of the City. The river has a' total drainage area of approximately 850 square miles upstream of La Quints. East of Washington Street, the Whitewater River is a man -nude channel known as the Coachella Valley Stormwater 16 Steve Speer, Engineer, City of La Quinta, July 16, 1999. m 79 TN!City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1anIDraitEIR Section 1r1- Environmental Impacts and mitigation Channel, which is maintained by CVWD. The channel is unlined in most locations, with levees extending about ten feet above the ground. The channel also extends north -south through easterly portion of the planning area, in the vicinity of Highway 111. La Ouinta Eva uation Channel 'The La Quinta Evacuation Channel conveys runoff from the Upper Bear Creek drainage system and East La Quinta Channel (see below) to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel. ft extends in a northeasterly direction and is approximately 3.5 miles hi length. Up r Bear Creek Drainage System The Upper Bear Creek drainage system protects the Cove from runoff emanating from the Santa Rosa Mountains. The system consists of the Upper Bear Creek Training Dike, Upper Bear Creek Detention Basin, Bear Creek Channel, and four side drainage inlets. It extends along the southerly and westerly edges of the Cove and is des'gr ed to manage stormwater flowsfrom a. 100-year flood event, The Upper Bear Creek Training Dike captures runoff from a drainage area of approximately 1.7 square miles. Runoff is then conveyed to the Upper.Bear Creek Detention Basin, which has a storage capacity of 752 acre-feet. Outflows enter the Bear Creek Channel, . which extends approximately 2.5 miles in length along the westerly edge of the Cove. Stormwater collects in the Oleander Reservoir and is conveyed to the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, where it eventually discharges into the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel. . East La Quinta Cljannel The East La Quinta Channel extends along the easterly edge of the Cove and protects the Cove from runoff generated by. the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. The system includes the Calle Tecate and Avenida Bermudas Detention Basins, which capture and retain mountain runoff. During a 100-year storm, excess runoff is discharged to the La Quinta Evacuation Channel througha 60- inch underground pipe. Lake Cabui Lake Cahuilla is the terminal reservoir of the Coachella Branch of the All -American Canal, which provides irrigation water to agricultural lands in the eastern Coachella Valley, The lake was constructed in 1969 to serve as a reserve supply of irrigation water. It is located between Avenues 56 and .58, west of Jefferson Street, adjacent to the foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Lake Cahuilla is contained within the Lake Cahuilla County Park, which is operated and maintained by the Riverside County Parks and Open Space District, which Ieases the lands from the Coachella Valley Water District. Lake Cahuilla encompasses approximately 135 acres, is between 11 and 12 feet deep, and contains about 1,500 acre-feet of water. It is cement -lined, and the bottom of the lake is sealed with six inches of compacted soil -cement. The levee system around the lake includes dikes 25 feet high and 100 feet wide. These levees may be impacted by a severe earthquake that results in lateral spreading of the foundation soils. Based on its total storage capacity and the extent of its levee system, Lake Cahuilla may be eligible for monitoring by the California Division of Safety of Dams. This agency monitors the structural safety of dams greater than 25 feet in height or 50 acre-feet in storage capacity. HI-80 • TN/City of La. Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR S acxion 1TF - Environmental impacts and mitigation Flood Hazard Areas The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the analysis and mapping of areas prone to flooding in the United States. FEMA has developed a series of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) that identify areas subject to flooding from 100-year and 500-year storm events and serve as the basis for determining the need for federal flood insurance. A I00--year food event is defined as a flood which has a 11100 change of occurring in any one year. and a 500-year flood has a 1/500 change of occurring in a given year. The recurrence interval represents a long-term average period between floods of a given magnitude, but floods could and do occur at shorter time intervals, occasionally within thesarne year. Flood zones designated on the FIRM maps include the following: Zone A: Areas of 100-year flood; base flood elevations have not been determined. Zone AO: Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by types of 100-year show flooding where depths are between 1,0 and 3.0 feet; depths are shown, or areas of 100-year alluvial fan flooding, depths and velocities are shown, but no flood Ward factors are determined. Zone R: Areas between limits of the 100-year flood and 500-year flood; or certain areas subject to 100-year flooding with average depths less than one (1) foot, or where the contributing drainage areas is less than one square mule; or areas protected by levees from the base • flood. Zone C: Areas lying outside the boundaries of the 100-year and 500-year flood plains and generally considered safe from flooding. The City of La Quinta participates in the National Flood Insurance Program, and consequently, FIRM maps have been prepared for the La Quinta area, A compilation of data from 1991 FIRM Community Panels is presented in Exhibit III-21. 11. 81 f • III lr III+ r 11Ifh _ llll RIIR gp1I .i i IIi.I ,111 4",.i iiii rn A 1' `p1I111111i ki U III II1� 1111J11111 11ifIII111111r. 1- 7I I T1111lI1 111ip i,-1. l!ihilt++ • mm1111111-r• 11niljpI Basin 1 r 1 l C I I k II I ! II I II I J ' I I 1 -��111110I �� ■—�— s11 n13, L ili � Im �an— + + -�LL- S elli. cif City of La Quinta General Plan .... LEGEND Rods Township/Range Sections Railroads City Limits Gonerai Plan Planning Area City Sphere of Influence Exhibit III-1 Flood Hazard Map Area projected to be inundated by _ 1 a 100 year flood event . Boundary of area projected to be inundated by a 500 year flood event Mapping based on Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEI1AA), 1991, Flood Insurance RateMaps forme City. cf La COMA, Community Panels 060709-0005-6, and 060709-4010-8. Prepared by: Earth Consultants international for Terra Nova Planning & Research, Inc. Scale 0 6,280 12.660 18.760 Feet ie; f4ORTI-1 Riverside County Vicinity }Asp r Map prepared on July lib, 2000 Map prepared try: Aerla I Inidernatlan Systems 1410114Va:alan Na-6 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive Genukal P1arilDraft EIR Section 1- Envtronmeatal Impacts and Mitigation As illustrated on Exhibit 111-21, lands in the vicinity of Washington Street and Eisenhower Drive, south of the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, are contained within the f04•-year floodplain. This includes the City Hall building on Calle Tampico and Fire Station #32 at Avenida Bermudas and Frances Hack Lane. The 100-year flood is also contained within the City's major drainage systems, including the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, and the retention/detention basins that comprise the Bear Creek Channel and East la Quinta Channel systems. The 100-year flood is also contained within the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, where it passes through the City north of Highway 111, and where it passes through the easterly portion of the planning area near Thermal. The 500-year flood is projected to inundate the entire Cove area, as well as lands adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel north of Highway 111. The 500-year floodplain is also expected to impact a relatively large area adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel in the easterly portion of the planning area, including the eastern half of the Desert Resorts Airport - In addition to the flooding that could occur in the areas described above, FEMA has identified the potential for a major breakout of the Whitewater River during a 100-year storm at its bend between Miles Avenue and Jefferson Street. If such an event were to occur, portions of the cities of Indio and Coachella, as well as the Indian Springs Country Club, would likely be inundated. Levee improvements completed by CVWD along the stormwater channel have decreased the chance of a breakout occurring. All -Weather Crossings As described above, the planning area includes numerous channels and drainage facilities. Six bridge crossings are located in the City at the following locations)/: 1.) Washington Street at the Whitewater River; 2) Washington Street at the La Quinta ]Evacuation Channel; 3) Eisenhower Drive at the La Quinta Evacuation Channel; 4) Jefferson Street at the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal; 5) Avenue 50 at the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal; and 6) Avenue 52 at the Coachella Valley Irrigation Canal. The City Engineering Department is currently evaluating the feasibility of constructing a new bridge at Jefferson Street and the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel.1 S The bridge at Washington Street and the La.Quinta Evacuation Channel was widened in 2000 and plans are being developed to widen the bridge on Eisenhower Dive at the Evacuation Channel. Bridge Scour Bridge scour is the erosion and transport of streantbed materials from bridge foundations, which is caused by the rapid flow of flood or other surface waters beneath a bridge or railroad crossing. This process can result in the subsequent loss of support of bridge foundations, and the damage or ultimate collapse of the bridge. Scour can occur within the main channel, on the floodplain, or both. 17 18 Ibid. m-a3 TNMCity of La Quin Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental impacts and Mitigation Scouring of roadway and railroad bridges in the planning area could result from local or regional flooding, and should be investigated dung and oiler flooding events. The State of California participates in a national, bridge scour inventory and evaluation program. However, no records have been identified which indicate that the bridges in the La Quiota area have been evaluated. The City should investigate the possibility of partiicipating in this program. Seismic retrofitting of bridges and other crossings, which includes underpinning foundations, can also reduce some of the potential effects of bridge scour. National( Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Stormwater runoff from developed lands has the potential to contaminate or otherwise pollute surface and ground waters. Runoff from streets, parking lots, building roofs, fertilized golf courses and other landscaped and hardscaped surfaces can also contribute to runoff contamination if not properly managed. The City participates in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPIDES), which implements the federal Clean Water Act adopted in 1990. The program requires the adoption and implementation of stormwater management plans and programs that reduce the discharge of pollutants from storm water systems into waters of the United States. 2. Project Impacts The City is vulnerable to flooding associated with the Whitewater River, Bear Creep Channel system, and smaller scale alluvial fans that descend from the City's steep hillsides. Continued development in the planning area will increase the amount of impervious surfaces, such as sidewalks, parking lots and paved roads, and will contribute to an associated increase in the amount of runoff generated. Future development also has the potential to alter existing drainage patterns and, in some areas, to result in the accumulation of a significant amount of debris during large storms. Large scale developments may utilize golf course, greenbelts and other open space areas as part of a network of channels which collect and convey on -site runoff. However, given the low perrneabilities of the bedrock underlying the surrounding mountains, heavy runoff during a major flood event may not be preventable. The City will continue to review and evaluate detailed hydrology analyses on a project -by -project basis. The findings of these studies will be incorporated into project master drainage plans, where appropriate, and the City will have the opportunity to require additional on -site flood control facilities as necessary - Land use planning is one of the most effective methods of controlling flood damage and protecting lives and property in flood -prone areas. The adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan will facilitate the regulated development of various land uses and roadways, and the implementation of policies, programs and mitigation measures which directly address the flood hazards facing the City. These include coordinating with FEMA to reduce the boundaries of the designated 100-year fioodplain. The Plan seeks to protect life and property by designating flood evacuation routes and preventing new critical facilities from being constructed within the boundaries of the 100-year fioodplain. The Plan also calls for the City to take a proactive approach in evaluating and improving the strucl integrity of levees, bridges and water storage tanks. IR-84 TI'T/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Ptan/Dralt P R Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Although the proposed Plan designates major drainages as floodways and protects them from development, it also encourages the enhancement of these facilities for wildlife habitat and community open space. The Plan calls for the City to coordinate with CVWD in developing designs that support multiple uses, including recreational activities such as hiking and equestrian uses, where appropdate. Overall, the adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan is not expected to result in significant adverse hydrological impacts. The General Plan Land Use Plan establishes a development intensity that generally minimizes the creation of impermeable surfaces through relatively low densities and the encouragement of integrated Specific Plans, and through the use of on -site retention/detention basins and other" development methods which effectively reduce stormwater runoff. Furthermore, the policies and programs established in the proposed Plan are expected to enhance inter -agency planning and cooperation, and facilitate the development of effective and cost-efficient local and regional drainage improvements. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Although the annexation and SOI amendment areas are not expected to be fully developed in the near -teen, future development in these areas is expected to contribute to an incremental increase in runoff and flooding potential. As illustrated in Exhibit III-21, the flood hazard potential in the proposed annexation and SGI areas is minimal. Neither the proposed annexation area, nor the SCI amendment area is located within the 100-year floodplain. Only limited portions of these areas, including lands generally north of 54th Avenue and east of Monroe Street, are included within the 500-year floodplain. Neither area contains a major water source, such as a river, drainage channel, or irrigation canal, and neither area is vulnerable to flooding associated with runoff from the Santa Rosa Mountains. Nonetheless, future development in the annexation and SGI areas will result in the construction of additional impervious surfaces, including roads, sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots. The potential conversion of agricultural land to urban uses will result in a reduction of permeable soils. Future development has the potential to alter or obstruct existing drainage patterns. While large- scale developments, such as Coral Mountain and Koh] Ranch, may utilize golf courses, open spaces and common areas to convey runoff, small-scale projects may require the .installation of retention/detention basins and other on -site flood control facilities. The City will need to evaluate hydrological issues on a case -by -case basis and may require project master drainage plans for larger -scale projects. The City will need to work closely with CVWD to monitor development in the annexation and S01 areas and plan for future flood control improvements. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No, 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with flooding and hydrology. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with flooding and hydrology are reduced to a less than significant 1eve1, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: TNicrty of La Qaiata Comprehensive General PIan/Draft £IIt Section f - Env*ronn wi] Impact and Mitigation A The City Engineer shall investigate the possibility of participating in the nationwide. inventory and evaluation of bridges to address the potential impacts of bridge scour during major flood events. B. The City Engineer shall consult and coordinate with the California Division of Safety of Dams to determine if Lake Cahuilla qualifies for structural safety monitoring, and to implement such a monitoring program, as appropriate. C. The City shall coordinate with the Coachella Valley Water District to evaluate all above- ground water tanks in, the City based on their vulnerability to seismic hazards, and to implement a seismic retrofitting program, where appropriate. Priority shall be given to tanks whose failure might inundate and damage structures down -gradient. D. The City shall assure that adequate evacuation routes, as well •as ingress and egress access for emergency response vehicles and personnel, are clearly marked and available to residents of the Cove during a major flood event. All roof and canopy drainage shall be conveyed to the street or off -site in an approved, non - erosive manner. Drainage from development sites shall be conveyed in an approved manner so as to prevent erosion or instability. Water from off -site sources shall not be allowed to discharge onto 'development sites or should be conducted in a non -erosive manner. F. All projects within the City limits shall construct storm drainage and hydrologic improvements to conform to the City's master hydrology and storm drain improvement program, where applicable. G. The City shall continue to require the construction of on -site stormwater retention basins to reduce the need for and costs of storrnwater conveyance facilities, and to provide enhanced opportunities for groundwater recharge. Development adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel shall continue to have the option of discharging directly into the channel, if approved by the Coachella Valley Water District. H. Development proposals encompassing acreage, and those with the potential of generating significant runoff, shall be required to prepare and submit a hydrology study and mitigation plan which implements regional and local requirements, policies and programs. - I. Future flood control plans required of developers shall include specific recommendations andlor designs regarding pollution control techniques to be applied to keep pollutants, including herbicides, pesticides and other hydrocarbons out of surface water and groundwater. Mitigation measures may include specifically designed open space areas such as artificial wetlands where nuisance and otherwise contaminated on -site runoff shall be retained separate from channels conveying off -site flows. J. Hazards resulting from paneling at roadway intersections sbai.1 be engineered and improved to maximize drainage capacity of the streets and reduce associated driving hazards. 1I-86 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ER Section III - Environmental imps is and Mitigation r•• 20 Ibid. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The City Engineer shall regularly, and at least once each year, report to the City Council on progress made in developing local drainage plans and implementing drainage control projects. The status of regional drainage plans and facilities affecting flood control in the City shall also be reported upon. Responsible Parties; City Engineer, CVWD,.City Council D. The City Engineer shall review and approve project -specific hydrology studies and mitigation plans for development proposals, and assure their adequacy with regard to sto mwater management and pollution control. Responsible Parties: City Engineer F. Water Resources/Quality 1. Existing Conditions As discussed in Section HI-D, Soils and Geology, the Coachella Valley has been formed by tectonic forces that continue to create a deep trough which has been progressively filled with sands and gravel eroded from surrounding hills and mountains. Over millions of years, this sediment - filled basin has functioned as a repository for rainfall, mountain runoff and occasional inundation from the Colorado River. Although the Coachella Valley is one of the driest regions in the United States, its groundwater basin has grown into a large underground repository of fresh water. Although there has been some inflow of groundwater from subsurface groundwater basins outside the region into the basin underlying the Coachella 'Valley, the moverent of groundwater has been restricted by fault barriers, constrictions in the base profile, and areas of low permeability. The U.S. Geological Survey and California Department of Water Resources have determined that the groundwater basin in the valley is separated into four distinct subbasins, with boundaries that are generally defined by faults that restrict the lateral movement of water.I9 These include the Whitewater River, Mission Creek, Garnet Hill, and Desert Hot Springs subbasins, which are further divided into subareas based on geologic and/or hydrologic characteristics. Whitewater River Subbasin The Whitewater River Subbasin underlies the majority of the Coachella Valley floor and encompasses approximately 400 square miles. It generally extends from the junction of Interstate 10 and State Highway 11 I, to the Salton Sea approximately 70 miles to the east. The subbasin is bordered on the north and east by the Garnet Hill and San Andreas Faults, respectively, and on the south by the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains. Within the first. 1,000 feet below the ground surface, the Whitewater River Subbasin contains an estimated 28,800,000 acre -fret of groundwater lit storage.20 The subbasin is divided into four subareas, including the Palm. Springs, Thermal, Thousand Palms and Oasis subareas. 19 °`Eaghieer's Report on Water Supply arid Replenishment Assessment 20Q012001," prepared by Water Resources finch, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, April 2OOD. M-87 TN/City of La Quint$ Compxehensive General Plart/Draft BIR Simon III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The lower Thermal subarea of the Whitewater River Subbasin underlies the General Plan planning area, with the exception of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains which are composed of non- waterbearing granitic bedrock. Much of the Thermal subarea is characterized by confined or semi - confined groundwater conditions. However, the alluvial fans at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains, including the Cove in La Quiuta, generally experience unconfined or free water. conditions. The lower Thermal subarea is largely comprised of Ocotillo conglomerate, which consists of silty sands and gravels with interbeds of silt and c1ay.21 Data indicate that the top of the water table is present at a depth ranging from 300 to 600 feet below the surface. The aquifer zone is believed to be at least 500 feet thick, and may be in excess of 1,000 feet thick.2- The entire Whitewater River Subbasin has historicallyexperienced a steady decline in water levels. CVWD's Management Area, which includes the Palm Springs, Thousand Palms and upper Thermal subareas, is experiencing significant declines in water levels. CVWD monitors numerous wells in the Management Area to determine the extent of consumption and overdraft. The rate of overdraft in the Management Area is currently estimated at about 0.32% per year, which assumes 40% non -consumptive return to groundwater from leaching fields, septic tanks, percolation of water applied to plants and other ineane.23 The lower Thermal subarea, which underlies the La Quinta Genetal Plan planning area, is located outside the CVWD Management Area discussed above. However, groundwater levels in this subarea and other areas in the southeastern Coachella Valley have also fluctuated historically. After 1949, when Colorado River water was first imported for irrigation purposes in the eastern Coachella Valley, the demand for groundwater decreased and water levels in the lower Thermal subarea rose sharply.24 However, since the early 1980s, groundwater levels have again declined, in part due to increased urbanization in the eastern Coachella Valley and an associated increase in demand for groundwater resources. Groundwater Replenishment The Coachella Valley Water District and Desert Water Agency (DWA) have contracted for State Water Project resources to assure the availability of supplemental groundwater resources to the Coachella Valley, tinder this program, water from northern, California would be .transported to the Valley via the Coachella Aqueduct. However, the construction of the aqueduct has not yet been undertaken. Until the system is developed, CVWD and DWA have entered into an exchange agreement with the Metropolitan Water District (1VIWD), The arrangement allows CVWD and DWA to exchange their State Water Project entitlements for like amounts of water from WD's Colorado River Aqueduct, which passes through the northern portion of the Coachella Valley, Water is obtained from a turnout in Whitewater and transporter) to local spreading facilities, where it recharges the Whitewater River subbasin. 21 Ibid. 22 Ibid 23 Ibid. 24 Bid. mess TN/City of La Wan Comprehensive General PIan{Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation From 1973 through 1999, more than 1.5 million acre-feet of Colorado River water contributed to recharge of the Whitewater River subbasin. More than 132,000 acre-feet were transported in 1998 alone, 5 However, this amount declined the following year to 61,200 acre-feet The quantity of. Colorado River water diverted to the Coachella Valley fluctuates when inadequate rain or snowfall requires that the water be directed toward the Los Angeles basin. In 1977, the Whitewater River subbasin received no Colorado River water due to severe drought, and in 1991, drought resulted in he delivery of only 14 acre-feet to the area. Colorado River water is also imported to the southeastern Coachella Valley, however groundwater recharge in this area is minimal. Approximately 300,O00 acre-feet of Colorado River water is delivered annually through the Coachella Canal, but it is used solely for irrigation purposes. Since 1996, CVWD has operated a pilot recharge facility south of Lake Cahuilla near Avenue 62 and Madison Street. This site is generally free from aquitards which could slow or prevent the percolation of supplemental water into deep aquifers. Operations at the facility have indicated that rechar8e at this location is feasible, and plans for afull-scale facility may begin within the next kw years.26 Recharge at this location would benefit users in La Quinta, Valerie Jean and other communities in the southeastern Coachella Valley. Domestic Water Services Domestic water is provided to the planning area by two water purveyors: Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company. CVWD serves the majority of the planning area, from Washington Street near Interstate 10 in the north, to Avenue 56 in the south. Only limited areas south of Avenue 56 are connected to the CVWD water delivery system. The Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company provides domestic water to the Bermuda Dunes community, except for ]ands along Washington Street, which are served by CVWD. Both service providers utilize wells to extract groundwater from the Whitewater River subbasin. CVWD currently operates eleven active wells, five booster stations and eight reservoirs in the planning area. An additional reservoir is under construction in Lake Cahuilla County Park, and another is being planned near the southern edge of the Cove. Myorna Dunes Mutual Water Company operates six active wells, including one that serves only the Bermuda Dunes Airport, and one water reservoir in the planning area. These facilities are described in more detail in the Domestic Water discussion of Section llT-L, Public Services and Facilities. Tertiary Treated Waste Water In an effort to reduce the impacts of development on groundwater supplies, CVWD. has implemented the use of tertiary (third stage) treated waste water for golf course, landscape and other irrigation purposes. Waste water is typically treated to secondary levels and reintroduced into the groundwater table through percolation ponds. Tertiary treated water undergoes an additional stage of treatment, which makes it suitable for irrigation purposes and decreases, to some extent, the demand for groundwater resources. 25 ibid. "Seismic, Geologic and Flooding Hazards Sections of the Technical Background Report fer the Safety Element for the City of La Quinta," prepared by Earth Consultants International, November 9.1999, IIt-89 TN/City of [a Quints Comprehensive Genera] Plan/Draft EIR Section la - Environmental Imparts and Mitigation Although this process is not currently available at the Ad -Valley Reclamation Plant, the wastewater treatment plant located at Madison and 38th Avenue does have the capacity to treat 2.5 million gallons per day (mgd) of tertiary treated water. The tertiary treatment filter system is expected to he expanded to treat 5 mgd within the next two to three years 27 Water Quality Ground water quality is dependent upon a number of factors, including the source of water, the type of water -bearing materials in which it occurs, hydrologic factors such as groundwater recharge, and the quality of well maintenance. Water quality is generally good to excellent. The water quality in the upper Whitewater River subbasin has been affected somewhat by the importation, of Colorado River water, which is about three times higher in total dissolved solids than natural upper Whitewater River groundwater. The following table indicates the relative quality of surface waters recharging the subbasin, including those imported from the Colorado River and other sources of :natural recharge.. Source Table 111.15 Mineral Analysis of Representative Surface Waters Whitewater Colorado Whitewater River (North) Snow Creek River River (South) Constituent epml/pprn2 elppm epm/PPm epm/p Ca 1.75/35 0.50/10 3.97f79 9.081181 Mg 0.90/11 010 2.31f2B 334/45 Na 0.62/14 0.47111 4.78/110 32.581749 K 0.108/4.2 0.04/ 1.6 0.11/4.3 0.39/ 15 Cl 0,114 0/0 6.01/213 15.96/566 Total Dissolved Solids 201 ppm 55 ppm 727 ppm 2,983 ppm Notes: 1 eptn chemical equivalents per lion; 2 ppm; pats per million by weight Source: DWR Bulletin No. 108: Coachella Valley Investigation. California Dept. of Water Resources, July 1964. Impacts of Septic Systems on Groundwater Quality Another more recent, but less extensive impact on area groundwater is contamination associated with long-term discharge from on -lot septic systems, The Regional Water Quality Control Board, Riverside County Health Department and Coachella Valley Water District have acknowledged that septic tanks have the potential to adversely impact groundwater which supplies the Coachella Valley with its drinking water. The impact of septic systems on groundwater quality depends on a number of factors, including relative density, population, wastewater volume, soil conditions and the level of maintenance of the septic system. The greatest impact on groundwater quality is expected to occur where septic systems serve large populations in high densities and are poorly maintained. Community sewer systems generally provide excellent protection of groundwater resources, as the threat of nitrate pollution in the groundwater is reduced through the removal of sewage materials. 27 Bruce Cl r , Principal Saixitatton Engineer, Coachella Valley Water District, May 10, 2000. Al-90 T 7Ciyy of La Quirta Comprehensive General PlanfDraft P3R Section III - tarivircEnmental Impacts and Mitigation Wh€le much of the La Quinta General Plan planning area is sewered, many homes and businesses continue to operate on individual septic systems. In particular, scattered development in Bermuda Dunes, as well as most developartient south of Airport Boulevard relies on private septic systems to treat and dispose of wastewater. Many of these systems will be abandoned over time, as future development occurs and infrastructure is expanded. Water Quality Regulation A. number of federal and state laws have been established to assure adequate planning, implementation, management and enforcement of water quality control efforts. Federal water quality legislation includes the Clean Water Act and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). California statutes and administrative laws that are applicable to water quality include, but are not limited to the California Water Code, California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California Code of Regulations and other codes such as the Health and Safety Cocle, Fish and Game Code and Public Resources Code. The California Regional Water Quality Control Board (WCQB) implements federal and state laws pertaining to water quality. The primary issues addressed by the WQCB in the Coachella Valley are agricultural drainage, geothermal power impacts, the New River, Salton Sea, Tahquita. Creek and other sources of surface water. Other locations monitored by the WQCB include sites where inappropriate disposal of hazardous and toxic materials have threatened to contaminate groundwater. These include leaking fuel storage tanks, illegal discharges or human or animal waste, and the dumping of waste oils and other hazardous liquids. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) The NPDBS implements the federal Clean Water Act and was adopted in 1990. Under the NPDES, plans and programs for stormwater management must be developed, adopted and implemented to assure than municipalities "effectively prohibit non -storm water discharge into the storm drain and require controls to reduce the discharge of pollutants from storm water systems to waters of the United States to the Maximum Extent Possible." The legislation also makes the implementation of pollutant control measures exempt from CEQA. Project Impacts Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the development of approximately 78,952 dwelling units. This represents an increase of about 41,923 dwelling units, or about 113%, over the current General Plan. The proposed Plan also facilitates a 23% increase ifs the amount of corrmrercial development, and a 43% increase in the amount of industrial development, as cot pared to the current General Plan. Therefore, the impacts of the proposed Plan on water resources are expected to be greater than those associated with buildout of the current General Plan, and are expected to contribute to the cumulative impacts of urban development on groundwater resources in the Coachella Valley. Nonetheless, the proposed Plan also establishes new policies and programs which further encourage water efficiencies, including the continued use of native and non-native drought tolerant landscaping, and water -efficient plumbing features in new development. The City is also directed to coordinate with local water purveyors to expand groundwater recharge efforts. 111-91 TNICt y of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1an1Draft EIR Secdun III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Future Consumptive Demand A number of water consumption rates have been published and can be used to estimate fixture water demand associated with buildout of the proposed Plan. It is important to note that consumption of usage rates are offered only as guides, and each estimate should be evaluated for its appropriateness to specific projects. The Environmental impact Analysis Handbooks estimates that water consumption for private residential dwelling units is approximately 50 to 75 gallons per person per day.28 While this figure may provide a reasonable estimate of future water demand generated by residential lands in the planning area, it does not account for water consumed by commercial, industrial, recreation or other uses. The Coachella Valley Water District estimates that domestic water demand in its urban service area approximately-550 gallons per day (gpd) per capita. This is an aggregate figure that accounts for all water uses in the community, including residential., commercial, industrial, golf course, irrigation and other uses, and is not intended to represent a specific land use such as residential uses. This factor is used in the following analysis because .it best reflects local water consumption conditions. The California Department of Finance estimates that the average household size in the City of La Quinta is 3.263 persons per household29. This figure most likely overestimates the City's actual average household size. It is derived by dividing the City population by the number of occupied housing units, but it does not account for 38.83 % of the total housing units which are occupied on a seasonal basis. A straightline comparison of the City's population (2A,240 residents) and its total number of dwelling units (12,141 units) yields an average household size of only 1.99 persons per household in the City of La Quinta. The average household size in the Thermal portion of the planning area is generally larger than that in the City of La Quinta, and is estimated to be approximately 2.75 persons per household30, Therefore, to provide a conservative buildout population estimate for the entire planning area, an average household size of 2.75 is used in the following analysis, Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the development of approximately 6,811 new dwelling units. At the rate of 2,75 persons per household, General Plan buildout could generate an additional 183,730 residents within. the planning area. When combined with the existing City population of 24,240 persons, the City's population at General Plan buildout could potentially reach 207,970 persons. This is a conservative, long-range estimate that assumes all residential lands within the planning area will develop at 75% of the maximum densities permitted. Based on the CVWD water consumption factor of 550 gpd per capita, General Plan buildout could raise the city-wide total domestic water demand to approximately ' 114.3 million gallons per day, or about 350 acre-feet per day. This estimate includes water consumed by existing and future 28 Table 6.1 I, "Environmental Impact Analysis Handbook," edited by John G. Rau and David G. Wooten, McGraw -hill Book Company, 1980, 29 California Department of Finance, January 2000. 30 Demographic Data, Thermal area, Urban Decision Systems,1999. III-92 TN/City of La Quintal Comprehensive General PlanlDraft FIR Swan III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation residents. Actual impacts may vary depending on the actual number of persons per household at buiIdout, and the level and type of landscaping and water -dependent amenities within each project. CVWD estimates that approximately 40%. of domestic water consumed is reintroduced into the groundwater table through percolation, and is not lost. This includes a percentage of irrigation water applied to residential and other landscaping. Increases in water consumption will occur gradually, as new development takes place. Implementation and buildout of the proposed General Plan will contribute to the cumulative impacts of urban development on groundwater resources in the Coachella Valley, including the continued reduction in the amount of potable groundwater in storage. Impacts to water quality are expected to be comparable to, or slightly greater,than those resu1tiug from buildotit of the current General Plan. While the proposed Plan facilitates more development, which could increase the potential for groundwater contamination, its policies and programs are directed at minimizing these risks and assuring the continued implementation of federal, state, local and other applicable pollution control standards. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment As discussed in Section III -A, buildout of the proposed annexation area could result in the development of approxirn.ately 12,225 dwelling units. The annexation area has an average household size of about 2,75 persons per household. At this rate, future development in the annexation area could add an additional 33,619 residents to the area population. Applying the CVWD water consumption factor of 550 gallons per day (gpd) per capita yields a buildout domestic water demand of about 18,439,900 gpd. This includes water demanded by all types of development in the annexation area at buildout, including residential, commercial and industrial development, and water used for irrigation and other landscaping purposes. Buildout of the proposed sphere of influence amendment area is expected to result in the development of approximately 19,243 dwelling units. At a rate of 2.75 persons per household, the buildout population of the S0I area would be 52,918 residents. Applying CVWD's water consumption factor of 550 gpd, residents in the SOI area would consume an estimated 29,104,900 gpd of domestic water. Both of these consumption estimates are included as part of the "Future Consumptive Demand" discussion above, which estimates consumptive demand for the entire General Plan planning area, including the proposed annexation and SOT amendment areas. Impacts to domestic water resources are not expected to occur immediately, as no development projects are expected to occur within the annexation or SOI amendment areas in the immediate future. Rather, increases in water consumption will occur gradually, as new development occurs. Nonetheless, buildout of the annexation and SOY areas will contribute to a cumulative increase in the demand for domestic water resources. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with water resources. III-93 TNFUty of La Quints Comprehensive General P1anDDraftELR Section in- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 3. Mitigation Measures Water Conservation Water conservation is essential as both a short-term and long-term resource management strategy. With increasing demands on water supplies is the Coachella Valley, efforts to reduce per capita water consumption have beevme increasingly important Oneof the best opportunities for water conservation is the implementation of war efficient landscaping design and management_ The City has adopted a water conserving landscape. ordinance as required by state law, which requires that new landscape plans be designed to incorporate more native and locally compatible drought -tolerant planting materials and efficient irrigation systems. General Plan policies and programs promote water conservation through the continued implementation and updating of the City's Water Conservation Ordinance. The General Plan also directs the City to support public education programs which encourage water conservation. The lower Thermal subarea, from which the City's groundwater is dram, does not currently receive substantial direct artificial recharge from Colorado River water. However, this process has been determined to be feasible at a pilot recharge facility south of Lake Cahuilla. The General Plan directs the City to continue to require on -site retention basins to further- enhance groundwater recharge, and to support. CV's efforts to expand its recharge facilities. The plan also requires the City to encourage and support the use of tertiary treated water as a means of reducing the demand for groundwater resources. The wastewater treatment plant at Avenue 38 and Madison currently provides tertiary treated water, and this capacity is expected to be expanded in the next few years. The proposed General Plan also directs the City to assure that the quality of water resources is protected. One of the primary methods of complying with the provisions of NPDES is the use of project -specific stormwater retention or detention basins within new developments. These structures are important in intercepting sand and sediment before it is discharged into drainage facilities. The City will also have the capacity to review and evaluate development projects for their potential to contaminate surface and groundwaters, and to require the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures. To further protect water quality, the City will encourage the connection of existing and future development to the sewage treatment system operated by the Coachella Valley Water District, which will reduce the threat of contamination from septic tanks and seepage pits. General Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with water resources are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented. A. The City shall promote and encourage the protections and wise utilization of the Valley's domestic water supplies to assure the long-term viability and availability of clean and healthful water resources. B. The City shall continue to require the development of on -site stormwater retention andfor detention basins, where appropriate, to enhance filtration ofxunoff and the replenishment of groundwater subbasins. III 94 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ER Section III - Environmental Iumpacts and Mitigaiion C. All future development projects shall be carefully analyzed by the City, Coachella Valley Water District. and/or Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company to determine the potential impacts of such activities on local groundwater resources. D. The City shall support and cooperate with the Coachella Valley Water District in the development of a permanent groundwater recharge facility within the planning area. E. The City shall continue to implement its Water Conservation Ordinance to encourage the use of drought tolerant landscaping in public and private development as a means of reducing water consumption. All development plans shall adhere to the City's ordinance. F. The City shall require the installation of low -flush toilets, and low -flow showerheads and faucets in all new construction, in conformance with Section 1721.3 of the Health and Safety Code, Title 20, California Administrative Cocle Section 1601(b), and applicable sections of Title 24 of the State Code. G. The City shall.support and cooperate with CVWD's efforts to expand tertiary waste water treatment capacities and to encourage the use of tertiary treated water in the planning area. H. The Coachella Valley Water District shall maintain adequate wastewater treatment plant facilities to assure that discharges of effluent are sufficiently treated to meet the standards of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company shall also ensure that adequate treatment capacities are available to treat wastewater generated within its service boundaries. I. The City shall encourage and/or require that existing and new development connect to the existing sewage system, to the greatest extent practical, to minimize the potential risks of groundwater contamination associated with the arse of septic tanks and 'seepage pits. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. All development proposals shall be reviewed by the Community Development Department to assess the potential for adverse effects on water quality and quantity. All development proposals shall be required to mitigate any significant impacts. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, City Engineer, developers, Coachella Valley Water District, Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company B. The Coachella Valley Water District and Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company shall coordinate and cooperate with local, state and federal agencies to assure the protection of groundwater aquifer from excessive extraction. Responsible Parties: Coachella Valley Water District, Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company B1-95 INICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General, Plan/Draft MR Section ID. - Environmental Impacts and Iviltigation G. Biological Resources 1. Existing Conditions The following discussion is largely based upon the biological resource assessment prepared for the La Quinta General Plan Update.31, which is included in Appendix C of this document. Other sources of information include the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), California Department of Fish and Game (CDFO), Bureau of Land Management (ELM), and The Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy. In addition to a comprehensive literature review of biological studies prepared for development projects in the planning area, the consultant also reviewed the Coachella Valley fringe -toed lizard Habitat Conservation Plan, the California Natural Diversity Data Base, and botanical and wildlife references. Held visits to the planning area were performed in July and September 1999. Regional Biological Setting The Coachella. Valley is located at the western edge of the Colorado Desert subdivision of the Sonoran Desert, and is characterized by an arid, hot climate with low humidity, mild winters and occasional summer thunderstorms. The region is effectively isolated from coastal influences by the San Jacinto, San Bernardino and Santa Rosa Mountains, which surround the valley on the west, northwest and south, respectively. The Valley's unique geographic and geophysical composition has created an environment which supports diverse and occasionally highly specialized. communities of plants and animals, The desert floor supports sparse vegetation, which is limited by heat and aridity, while the cooler mountain slopes are capable of supporting more dense and diverse vegetation. The La Quinta General Plan planning area lies in the south-central portion of the Coachella Valley. Elevations range from about 190 feet below sea level in the southeastern portion of the planning area, to approximately 1,600 feet above sea level at the peak of the. Coral Reef Mountains. Ten-ain within the planning area also varies significantly, consisting of rocky slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, alluvial fans and drainages emanating from the mountains, gently sloping windblown sand fields in the north, and low-lying agricultural lands to the east. Each of these habitats supports an array of plant and animal communities which are described in detail below. Biological resources in the planning area have been significantly influenced by the historical presence of ancient Lake Camilla, which evaporated approximately 400 years ago, when the Colorado River changed its course to flow directly into the Gulf of California. Although the shoreline of ancient Labe Cahuilla fluctuated over 6,000 years from sea level to about 36 feet in elevation, lands generally north of Avenue 50 are considered to have been above the shoreline. Plant communities diverge substantially at this broad shoreline zone, reflecting the variation in soils above and below the shoreline. 31 "City of La Quinta Genera] PIan Biological Assessment," prepared by Dr. Lawrence Lem, June, 2001. TN/City of Tea Quinta Comprehensive General PtaWDra€t. MR Section In - Envirownental Impacts and Mitigation Natural Plant Communities Six natural communities, which are generally associated with a specific soil type, are represented in the planning area. The characteristics of each coma unity are described below. Stabilized Shielded Desert Sand Melds Stabilized Desert Sand Fields occur in the northern portion of the planning area, generally north of Avenue 50. This habitat consists of shifting, windblown sand that lacks dune formation and is stabilized by vegetation. It is highly dependent upon the natural migration of blowing sand, also re erred to as aeoiian activity, which is facilitated by strong winds in the northern planning area and elsewhere in the Coachella Valley. The blowsand process has been disturbed in recent years by urbanization, particularly the shielding effects of windbreaks, such as buildings, fences, landscaping, roads and other paved surfaces in upwind areas to the west. None of the sand_ fields in the planning area are of such a high quality that they have been targeted for conrsc vation. Sand Fields provide critical habitat for a number of sensitive plant and animal species, including the Coachella Valley Fringe -Toed Lizard, flat -tailed horned lizard, giant sand -treader cricket, Coachella Valley Jerusalem cricket, burrowing owl and Palm Springs round -tailed ground squirrel. Additionally, these lands are presumed to provide declining habitat for the endangered Coachella Valley inilkvetch, although the the eastern and southern range limits of this species are not well defined. Mesquite Hummocks Mesquite hummocks consist of large clumps of honey mesquite shrubs occurring over sand dunes on relatively level terrain. They are associated with high soil moisture or springs, and provide valuable wildlife habitat for declining species which have suffered from habitat fragmentation. Mesquite hummocks are particularly attractive to a number of bird species, including verdin, phainopepla and black -tailed gaatcatcher, as well as .sensitive species such as the LeConte's thrasher and Crissal thrasher. In the southern portion of the planning area, which is underlain by alkaline soils, saltbush and alkali goldenbush occupy the spaces between the mesquite. Nearly all mesquite hummocks in the planning area have been isolated and fragmented, and many have been degraded by vehicle activity and/or illegal. dumping. More disturbed parcels have been invaded by tamarisk. Therefore, none of the mesquite hummocks in the planning area are considered viable long-term conservation areas. Sonoran Creosote Bush Scrub The predominant habitat type in the Coachella Valley is Sonoran Creosote Bush Scrub, which occurs mainly above,the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuila in the La Quinta planning area. This community contains a high proportion of annual wildflowers and is dominated by creosote bush, burrobush, brittlebush and other common desert perennials. Due to limited food, water and nesting resources in Sonoran Creosote Bush Scrub habitat, the diversity of species which are supported by this natural community is rather low. Common mammals include the little pocket mouse, black - tailed jack rabbit, kit fox and coyote. M-97 TN/City of La Qui nta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft P.,IR Section III - Hnviron.nnetna1 Impacts and Mitigation Sonoran wed Woody and Succulent Scrub This widespreadplant cor munity is similar to the Sonoran Creosote Bush Scrub, but generally denser and more varied. In the planning area, it occurs on rocky, well drained slopes and alluvial fans at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains. The habitat value for Sonoran Mixed Woody and Succulent Scrub is generally low, as it provides limited water and other biological resources. Dominant species include brittlebush, creosote bush, indigobush, catclaw acacia, and several species of cacti. Sensitive plant species include California ditais and glandular ditaxis. Desert Dry Wash Woodland The Desert Dry Wash Woodland is considered a "community of the highest inventory priority" by the California Department of Fish and Game, and is therefore considered to be a sensitive, though not legally protected, environmental habitat. This community occurs as an open to dense riparian woodland which provides ]ow to moderate habitat for watershed wildlife and often supports a high diversity of wildlife species. Characteristic species include smoke tree, pato verde and chcesebush. In the planning area, desert dry washes occur on alluvial fans below canyons of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Good examples of intact smoke tree washes are found south of the Cove and east of Bear Creek near the Travertine development. Tamarisk Scrub Tamarisk scrub represents any of several Tanuirix species, which usually s,rpplant native vegetation following major ground surface disturbances. This eonununity is actually misnamed as a "natural" community, since it is not composed of indigenous plant species. Within the planning area, it is prevalent near the Desert Resorts Airport. Rocky Slopes Habitat Rocky slopes habitat occurs on the weathered and fractured bedrock of slopes and ravines, some of which has been broken and displaced and occurs as loose debris of stone, pebbles and sand. In the planning area, the rocky slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral, Reef Mountains offer suitable habitat fora wide variety of shrubs, common perennials, annuals and succulents. Plant species and sizes generally become more diverse as elevation increases. Perennials commonly found on rocky slopes include creosote bush, brittlebush, burrobush, agave, ocotillo, spike moss, rushpea, and pigmy cedar. Connectivity with vast areas of wildlands in the Santa Rosa Mountains allows for the presence of wide-ranging animals, including the Peninsular bighorn sheep, bobcat and mountain lion, as well as such predators as the golden eagle and prairie falcon: Other Habitats in the Planning Area Wildlife habitats in the General Plan planning area also include urban lands, golf courses, and agricultural lands. Golf courses provide food, shelter, and water for species that can adapt to the modified landscape, particularly birds. Certain species of bats, notably the yellow bat, may be attracted to palm trees near water sources, although this use is not well documented. Golf courses may also attract undesirable species, however, including starlings, house sparrows, and pigeons, which can displace native wildlife and compete for food in adjoining desert habitats. Water traps may be capable of supporting Ctridcoides gnats, which can harbor diseases of bighorn sheep. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1aniDraft Ent Section In - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Although they typically result in disturbance of the ground surface, agricultural lands can attract a number of species not usually found in desert scrub habitats. Burrowing owls are known to nest along agricultural ditches and forage on agricultural fields, where insects are abundant. Water birds associated with the Salton Sea, including ibises, egrets, gulls, curlews, forage on agricultural lands and adjoining canals. Desert washes constitute a distinct habitat and are often used as travel corridors by wildlife utilizing habitat in the mountains and valley floor. Vegetation typically includes palo verdes, smoke trees. and shrubs adapted to infrequent flooding. Bird species are abundant and may include ventin, phainopepla, and black -tailed gnatcatcher. This habitat is also productive for several. species of snakes, lizards, and nocturnal rodents. Urbanization and flood control improvements have resulted in a significant decline in the number of undisturbed desert wash habitats in the Coachella Valley. Sensitive Species The La Quinta General Plan planning area is host to a wide variety of sensitive plant and animal species, some of which have been Iisted as threatened or endangered by federal and state governments. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (CTSFWS) and the California Department of Fish and Garne.(CDFG) maintain lists of these species and provide information on where they are known to be present or where they could potentially occur. In addition, the California Native Plant Society (CNPS), a non-profit conservation organization, maintains a listing of native flora which it believes to be rare and/or endangered. "Endangered" species are those with such limited numbers, or those that are subject to such extreme circumstances that extraction is a real possibility. "Threatened" species are those whose numbers have declined to such low levels, and/or whose populations are so isolated that the continuation of the species could be jeopardized in the near future. "Rare" and "sensitive" species are those that are particularly sensitive to the impacts of urban development, are naturally rare, or whose habitat is declining, but where perpetuation does not appear to be significantly threatened. The following table identifies sensitive species known to occur or likely to occur in the planning area. A more comprehensive listing is provided in the Biological Assessment in Appendix C of this document. III-99 MiCity of t..a Quints Comprehensive General PIaniDraft IliR Section Di - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-XG La Qulnta Species of Special Concern Animal and Plant Species Plants Coachella Valley mlk-vetch California ditaxis Flat -seeded spurge GIandular &taxis Slender woolly heads Invertebrates Coachella giant sand treader cricket Coachella Valley Jerusalem cricket Coachella Valley grasshopper Casey's June beetle Dark aurora blue Coachella desertsnai Math lacewing (Cheeseweed owlfly) Reptiles Coachella Valley fringe -toed lizard Flat -tailed horned hzard Desert tortoise Chuck -walla Birds Burrowing Owl Crissal Thrasher t.eConte's Thrasher Loggerhead Shrike Golden eagle Prairie falcon Mammals Peninsular bighorn sheep Palm Springs little packet mouse Palm Spr. round -tailed ground squirm Southern yellow bat Scientific Name Status Astragaius ten iginosus var coachella Dftaxis oalrfvrraica Charnaecyce platyspernaa Ditaxfs clariana Nemaca lis denudata It ecrobaeneies valgum Stepopebnatzes cahaadaensf Spaniacrts deserticola Dinacoma caseyi Euphilotes enoptes cryporufes Cahuillus in.dioensis Olurrces clam ma inornata Phrynosonsa rrxc'ca i Gopherus agassizi Satyr-ontalus obesus Athena turner ia.ria Toxastoma dorsale Toxostom a lecontei Lanites budovicianus Aquila chrysaetos Falco mexicaxts Ovis carradi mNLs crernnobates Perognathus iongimer xbris ba.ngsi Sperrnophilus tereticaudus chlorus Lasiurus ,ega FEIND FSC/ND FSC/ND ND/ND ND/ND FS C/ND FSCIND ND/ND ND/ND ND/ND ND/ND FS CND FT/SE FSCIND FT/ST FSCIND ND/CSC ND/CSC ND/CSC FSCIND ND/CSC ND/CSC FEND FSCIND FSCIND ND/ND Status . Definitions; FE - Federally listed as "Endangered" FT = Federally listed as h t ned" FPE = Federally propoeedlpetitioned as "Endangered„ PSC = Federal Species of Content SE State listed as" Endangered" ST = State listed as `Threatened" CSC = State species of Concern ND Not designated DI-100 Ti4/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P]anli raft PAR Section ID - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Peninsular Bighorn Sheep The Peninsular bighorn sheep is a large mammal which occurs on the open, rocky hillsides of the Santa Rosa Mountains and was designated as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1998. The bighorn population has decreased dramatically over t c past thirty years, from an estimated 1,171 individuals in 1971, to between 400 and 600 in 1991.32 A number of factors have contributed to the rapid decline in the number of bighorn, including the effects of disease, high rates ofpredation and low recruitment of lambs. Direct and indirect impacts associated with urban development, particularly habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, have also adversely impacted the bighorn population. Recent studies have shown that the sheep have become accustomed to obtaining food and water from local country clubs, golf courses, residential and commercial properties, and other lands with lush landscaping. Although few recent sightings have been reported in La Quinta, signs of bighorn activity have been identified in the Santa Rosa Mountains adjacent to the Cove.33 The USFWS considers historical bighorn habitat to include all of the slopes and part. of the valley floor, out to a distance of about 800 tneters.34 The mountains provide viable bighorn habitat and should be considered as reserve quality for biological resources. The USFWS recently published a Recovery Plan and designated Critical Habitat for the bighorn. The Critical Habitat designation includes all hillsides within the City and much of the bordering flatlands and alluvial fans, as illustrated in Exhibit I11-22, Projects receiving federal funding will be requiied to initiate consultation with the USFWS to determine if the proposed activities will adversely modify Critical Habitat, Desert Tortoise The Desert tortoise is listed as a "threatened" species by both the U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service and the California Department of Fish and Game. Occupied habitats include desert washes, canyon bottoms and rocky hillsides, but tortoises are known to occupy a wide range of habitats. Threats to desert tortoise include predation from coyotes, bobcats, ravens, golden eagles and possibly other mammals and birds. Tortoise habitat has also. been Iost or degraded as a result of urbanization and associated human activities, including off -highway vehicle use and the construction of roadways and utility corridors. The USFWS and BLIvi have indicated densities of between 0 and 20 tortoises per square mile in the La Quinta area, and signs of tortoise activity have been found on the Bear Creek alluvial fan.35 It is likely that tortoises remain at low densities in undeveloped ar.: s at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains, as illustrated in Exhibit 111-23.. Prior to urban development, these areas should be surveyed for the presence of desert tortoise. 32 p. 13136, Federal Register, Vol. 63, No, 52, March 18, 1998. 33 `City of La Quinta General Plan Biological Assessment,,. prepared by Dr. Lawrence LaPre, April, 2001. 34 i. 33 Fbid. III-1oi r City of ! General La Quinta Plan LEGEND —" Roads i Township/Range Sections . . . Railroads ---- atiums ----' General Plan Planning Ansa City Sphere of Influence • Exhibit III-23 Desert Tortoise 0 Desert Tortolee Potential Distribution • ERecommended Survey Area l Desert Tortoise Known Locations Desert Tortoise Sign Locations Source! Lawrence F. LaPre, Ph.D., June, 20a1 • Seale . 1:90,01)0 NORTH o 0,200 12,500 18„750 Feet Riverside County Vininity Pilep . - ow. rtaill- A, lel 'V er, lasip Freparad on: Jai" 10, 2000 reap prepolui by: Aortal Inform. ihNi System i filer Wria.n iin: S ,. I I" I LtA: (arm lir : TI WCity of La Quinta Comprehensive Clanerai Plan/Draft FIR Section QI - Ennironmental Impacts and Mitigation Coachella Valley Milkvet. The Coachella Valley milk -retch is a federally endangered, short-lived perennial found only in the Coachella Valley. It occurs in dunes and sandy flats and along the disturbed margins of sandy washes, and may occur in localized pockets where sand has been deposited by wind or by active washes. The species tends to occur in coarse sands at the margins of dunes, rather than in the most active blowsand areas, and appears to be dependent upon sand dune ecosystems. The primary threat to the Coachella Valley milk -vetch is habitat destruction due to continuing urban development. Other impacts may also result from off -road vehicle use, foot traffic and the intrusion of non -nature plants. The primary known range of the Coachella Valley milk -vetch is between Cabazon and the wester, boundary of the City of Indio, where it has been documented in twenty locations. The closest reported location to the planning area is on the Coachella Valley Preserve, approximately one mile north of the northern, study area boundary. Although remaining blowsand habitat in the planning area appears suitable to support this plant, the majority of the planning area is probably located outside the range of this species. California Ditaxis California ditaxis is a federal species of concern and is designated as List 1B (rare and endangered in California and throughout its range) by the California Native Plant Society. It is an annual or short --lived perennial which occurs in dry washes, flood plains and rocky alluvial slopes of canyons. Little is known about its natural history and ecology, and information about its population distribution and density is limited. However, threats to the species are known to include cumulative habitat loss, flood control improvements, and degradation of habitat from off -road vehicle use. Although the California ditaxis is scarce, the plant has been regularly observed in La Quinta area washes on alluvial fans, rocky slopes in the vicinity of Bear Creek Canyon, and around the margins of the La Quinta Cove.36 All existing known populations, which consist of only a few plants each, should be considered significant.. Surveys for this species should be conducted where development is proposed on ungraded lands south of the Cove and west of the levee on the alluvial fans and lower slopes of the Santa. Rosa Mountains. Survey areas for the California ditaxis are best defined as the recortunerided survey areas for the desert tortoise, illustrated on Exhibit 111-23. Glandular Ditaxis The glandular ditaxis is designated as a List 2 species by the California Native Plant Society, which indicates that it is considered rare,- threatened or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere. It occurs on rocky hillsides and canyon mouths: Although it has not been recorded in Bear Creek, glandular ditaxis may occur on undeveloped, ungraded lands at the base of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Recommended survey areas for glandular ditaxis are the same as those recorumended for the desert tortoise, illustrated on Exhibit Ill-23. 36 "Biological Analysis of Three Conservation Alternatives for the Coachella Valley Multi -Species Habitat Conservation PlanfNCCP," prepared by the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy, 2000. 1II-1113 TNlcity of La Qsrinta Comprehensive General Han/Draft F.IR Section JU - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Coachella Giant Sand -Treader Cricket The Coachella Giant Sand -Treader Cricket is designated as a federal Species of Concern, but is not designated under the state Endangered Species Act. This insect is well adapted for sand dune habitat. The closest known location of the Coachella Valley giant sand -treader cricket to the planning area is Bermuda Dunes, although this location may no longer be extant. The planning area occurs within the range of this species, and the likelihood of its occurrence in undisturbed windblown sand is high. Arm with a high likelihood of occurrence are illustrated in Exhibit DI-24. Prior to development in these areas, surveys should be conducted to determine the presence of the species. Flat -Tailed Horned Lizard The Flat -Tailed Horned Lizard inhabits sand dunes, sheets, hummocks, and gravelly washes. The Coachella Valley is at the northern end of its range. Based on a. past abundance of sitings at certain locations, but few recent records of this species, the flat -tailed horned lizard is believed to have declined substantially. The lizard was proposed as a federally threatened species in 1993. However, based on unreliable data on threats to the species and proposed management strategies, the proposal to designate the species as "threatened" was withdrawn by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It is now designated as a federal Species of Concern, but is not designated under the State Endangered Species Act. The flat -tailed horned lizard has been observed in the Coachella Valley Preserve, but focused surveys in apparently suitable habitat have failed to record its occurrence_ Nonetheless, undisturbed sand dunes, sheets, and hummocks, as illustrated in Exhibit III-25, should be considered potentially suitable habitat, Prior to development, these areas should be surveyed for the presence of the flat - tailed homed lizard. III-104 p , _ r - 1 -1 • Val It-- �-ice. 1y rr -r ••.-r • -- r - -- i -- -I 1 - i - if - - -r- - `_ pa t —� - i •NOP Trl►'O I - -I a. - - - �- - .- - —t-- - - - - -- -- i a f�1 ,1 1 I =�l� rs 1 r 1 1 1 I T _} _ II .� -- I-- — I -'-y-- t YY i1 1 1 —_--------,i wit a.f—.— ___. •plrw +.k �irr.� 1 1. --- i--s �{,..�,..... ��III - City of La General Quinta Plan LEGEND Roads TownshiplRange • I I,-'-' Railroads Sections Area Influence — city limits - - - - - General plan Planning City Sphere of Exhibit Coachella Sand Treader • Coachella Giant Potential Distribution Recommended III-24 Valley Cricket Sand Treader Cricket Survey Area Sand Treader Cricket Ph.D., Juna, 2001 Coachella Giant Archived Locations Source, Largrrence F. L.aPre, Beile 1:90.000 18,750 NORTH r-- 0 6.250 12,500 Feet R4vereide Cnunty 'vicinity lPRapJ' fi _- ..,a .,,...,,_... .,., • ___ 1 glyp Prepared an:.wir 10, 2011.0 Kipp P# ii&edlo-p:Aea#411uf4rrnamt!1xycams MapYer.i. NO.: 5 . rvx', a JRFRL4•}4atklc (perham% eW efi� ram r iL I I -r —Ii; a •' I 1 II i 1 i I I I. 4 [ ....,,...!..wm._r __II, _. ...., 1 L t --1- • -1- - { - l- -- --1 T — - G-- City of La Q General Plan u i nta LEGEND Roads TownahiplRange Sections Area r'-' — Railroads ---- City Limits m--=- General Plan Planning • • • • • City Sphere of Influence Exhibit III-2 Flat -Tailed Horned Lizard Flat -tailed Horned Lizard Potential Habitat Recommended Survey Area Flat -tailed Horned Lizard Known Locations Flat-tal[ed Horned Lizard Archived Locations Fla# -tailed Horned Lizard Scat Locations Source: Lawrence F. LaPre. Fh.0,, June, 2001 Scala i:90,000fill — - ; NORTH _-- 0 6,250 12,500 10.750 Feet eiveraideCnkenty Violn1ty Map . c 'in Map pirepomaam Jut, ia,suuo Nlap PfcR+K4A by, Al InKarisfl41�4n $y,+a MepYslHan bias: 5 „ y 4 I TM.AL ...A. /��$� nr��M✓mr SIP ,rn Yxuavr ic f 1 1: _,stl 4' _ : ; 5 �— 1 1 ri-- I--; ,e,' - I i n -.64.144YI PI iiiii .:l.iA ,I.L - ,;: NM ' .Ilia Cam. f 3 I f. ti e S'4_ --'}FAZE114 ':�1. • 11.94 •trs�f+ ynllVrt ULM. ---; i_l. , I- 1 l -1 1 . . - - —1 I _i *i• ernY +riarh 'rill •i 4- i �i 1 City of La Quinta General Plan LEGEND Roads Township/Range Sections rr , I Railroads — art Limits """ —' General Plan Planning Area • • 6 # 4 City Sphere of Influence • Exhibit III.22 Peninsular Big Horn Sheep 1 Peninsular Bighorn Sheep 1 :sm.; Critical Habitat 111 Approximate Peninsular Bighorn Sheep Localities ' Peninsular Bighorn Sheep Observations , I Source: Lavrrence F. LePre, Ph.D., June, 2001 Scale i490.000 • N 0 6.250 12,500 16,750 Feet NORTH siversflie County vicinity Men :-4,-. ,_,..:, .. ,,...g 41.... I& ir Map Mowed Dm Jun 10. MOO Mapiompreddlr. Dr arinfarrr+sliangya:itms , : TP-F2 p^: rarGirl.,►.va� n..+y. Map Ileralon tile..: 6 TI ICity of La Quinta Comprehcnsi a General Plarunraft EIR. Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Coachella Valley Fringe -Toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan The Coachella Valley Fringe -toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) was adopted in 1985 by Riverside County and ten Coachella Valley cities, including the City of La Quinta. The principal goal of the HCP is to protect and manage the habitat of the Coachella Valley Fringe -toed Lizard (CVt1L), which was federally listed as threatened and state listed as endangered in 1980. The HCP called for the establishment of three preserves, each of which contains sand dune habitat considered vital to the survival and propagation of the CVFTL, The Coachella Valley Preserve, located near Thousand Paints, is the largest of the preserves and encompasses nearly 15,000 acres.37 The Indian Avenue Preserve is located in Palm Springs within the Whitewater River floodplain and contains approximately 1,175 acres. The Willow HoleIEdom Hill Preserve is located north of Interstate-10 near the Indio Hills and consists of about 1,83 acres. The preserve system is managed by a combination of private and non-profit organizations and federal regulatory agencies. The HCP requires a $600 per acre mitigation fee as compensation for the development of private lands located within a prescribed mitigation fee area. Fees are used to acquire reserves where the lizard will survive in perpetuity. The California Department of Fish and Game was not a signatory to the 1985 HCP for the fringe -toed lizard, and did not at that time have statutory authority to issue incidental take permits for endangered species. The December 30, 1998 regulations implementing the California Endangered Species Act allow for incidental take of listed species pursuant to a permit from the Department. New urban development projects within the historical range of the lizard are now required to obtain this permit from the Department of Fish and Game. After discussion with the cities in the Coachella Valley and with CVAG, the Department has agreed to a regional mitigation plan for the fringe -toed lizard, which involves payment of a mitigation fee of $600 per acre for al] projects with the potential to affect fringe -toed lizards. A Memorandum of Understanding (MGU) has been approved by the cities of the. Coachella Valley and the County of Riverside, and is currently undergoing final review by the Department. This MOU, when fully executed, will provide for the above -mentioned payment of the $600 per acre fee as mitigation within the Plan fee area. Some lands within the La Quinta planning area, generally north of Avenue 50, are located within the boundaries of the HCP mitigation fee area. These /ands are assumed to be occupied by the Coachella Valley Fringe -toed. Lizard, and developers of these areas are required to pay the mitigation fee. la-1.08 4 J --a — -- I— • YYNiI��FY4 1� i•If t� ' J ELF a � City of General La Quinta Plan LEGEND Reads townshipJRange Sections -1 ' ' Railroads city Limits ----- General Plan Planning Area City Sphere of Influence 1111 Exhibit III-26 Coachella Valley Fringe -Toed Lizard Fee Mitigation Area Fringe —toed Lizard Fee Area Source: Lawrence F LaPre, Ph.D., June, 2001 Seals 1;80.000 �■ NORTH 0 6,250 12,500 18,750 Feet Riverside County Vicinity Map r 4.4 i — 1 cLi f Map prepartrd an: July 70. 20e0 IH %spared* WEI Infer+.Iiw.araie■.. Map Warm PEo.:9 r s Jttvkk s ib w TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness The Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness extends across the southern Coachella Valley, in the foothills and upper elevations of the Santa Rosa Mountain range. The wilderness contains a total of approximately 20,160 acres, most of which are federally owned. It provides a range of diverse wildlife habitats for Peninsular bighorn sheep, California ditaxis, coyote, bobcat, golden eagle, prairie falcon, a variety of bats, and other species. Portions of the wilderness are managed for the protection of the Peninsular bighorn sheep, through the implementation of the Santa Rosa Mountains Wildlife Habitat Management P]an. Adopted in 1980 by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Plan addresses the management of lands owned by CMG, BLM, USFWS, the University of California, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, and private parties. The Plan establishes policies which provide for public use of wildlife habitat areas in a manner which minimizes impacts to the bighorn and its habitat. Lands along the southern perimeter of the La Quinta Cove, and mountains to the southand west occur within the boundaries of the Management Plan. BLM and CDFG provide thorough review of applications for new trails, access roads, mining and grazing activities, and other projects which may disturb bighorn use of the area. Sections 25 and 30, Township 6 South, Range 6 East, in the southwesterly portion of the planning area are designated as a Wilderness Study Area, Due to their natural, pristine character, these lands may be designated as Wilderness Areas by Congress in the future. Santa Rosa Mountains State Game Refuge The Santa Rosa Mountains State Game Refuge was established by the state legislature in 1917 and expanded in 1967, primari]y for the protection of the Peninsular bighorn sheep. The Refuge is managed by the California Department of Fish and Game. It essentially provides habitat protection for wildlife and makes it illegal to possess firearms,bows and arrows, and any bird, manurial or reptile within the refuge, Much of the Santa Rosa Mountain range, including the mountains south and west of the La Quinta Cove, is included in the refuge. Coachella Valley Multi -Species Habitat Conservation Plan Habitat conservation plans that address the needs of more than one species or habitat have become an increasingly popular management strategy for protecting unique and valuable biological resources. The City of La Quinta and other members of the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) axe currently in the process of preparing the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CV MSHCP). The CV MSHCP is designed to conserve large, contiguous undeveloped habitat areas for a wide range of plant communities and special -status animal species. The Plan willcover more than one million acres in the Coachella Valley and surrounding mountains.38 Approximately 24 natural plant communities and 31 animal species are expected to be addressed in the IvISHCP. 38 4 ackgrouud Information for the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Planit atural' Communities Conservation Plan," prepared by the Coachella Valley rvlountains Conservancy, March 20, 1998. 111/C ty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft BIR Section III - Environmental Impazts and Mitigation The Plan is intended to standardize mitigation and compensation measures for species of concern on a regional basis, and to satisfythe requirements of federal and state endangered species protection laws. Once adopted, the Plan is also expected to limit the need for project -by -project review of the potential effects of development activities on species of concern. 2, Project Impacts Potential Direct and Indirect Impacts The La Quinta General Plan planning area harbors ]ands which provide suitable habitat for a wide range of common and sensitive plant and animal species. Development facilitated by implementation of the proposed General Plan will result in both direct and indirect impacts to biological resources in the planning area. The primary impacts are expected to be habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. Additional impacts include the removal of breeding and foraging habitat, the removal of native vegetation and its inherent wildlife habitat value, and the associated loss of wildlife species. Where new landscaping is introduced, exotic and other non-native plants which may be potentially harmful to humans and animals may prevail. During site grading and construction, a number of native animal species will be displaced and/or eliminated. However, those species capable of adapting to human disturbance may be attracted to newly developed parcels. Indirect impacts resulting from future development could include off -road vehicle use, trash dumping, and predation by domestic pets. Increased noise and vehicular activity, reduced air quality, and exploration of undeveloped areas by residents may also reduce and/or degrade natural habitat types occurring in the planning area. Potential Impacts to Plants Entire populations of common and sensitive plant species may be destroyed when sites are graded and developed. Some of these plant communities represent rather unique biological features of the Coachella Valley, including sand dunes, sand sheets, and mesquite hummocks, which host a variety of endemic wildlife. Developrnent which occurs on blowsand habitat, or which acts as a barrier to natural aeolian processes, could destroy the federally endangered Coachella Valley milk -vetch and/or its habitat. Development atthe base of the Santa Rosa Mountains, could constitute a significant impact to species with extremely limited distribution, such as the California ditaxis and glandular ditaxis. Other native plant species could be replaced by, or be subject to competition for water, nutrients and space with exotic, non-native species. Potential Impacts to Invertebrates and Reptiles ,increased urbanization also has the potential to affect special -status invertebrates and reptiles. The flat -tailed horned lizard, Coachella giant sand -treader cricket, and the Coachella Valley fringed -toed ]izard are special -status species known to occupy desert dunes and sandy field habitats. The sandy habitat and mesquite hummocks that support these species could be destroyed or fragmented by urban development, and permanent loss of this habitat will impact individual animals as well as entire populations. TNICity of La Quinta Comprehemive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The construction of roads, buildings and fences, as well as landscaping materials and similar "barriers" may further disrupt the natural blawsand process, which could have long-term adverse impacts on the quality and extent of blowsand habitat. Flood channelition and related improvements could reduce or eliminate the habitat of desert tortoises and. other species which utilize desert washes and drainages. lnvertebrates and reptiles are particularly susceptible to the impacts of off -highway vehicle traffic and crushing from grading and construction activities. Potential Impacts to Birds Continued development in the planning area will result in habitat degradation and the direct loss of foraging and nesting sites for a variety of common and special -status bird species. Indirect impacts could include increased predation by domestic pets, increased competition for limited nesting sites, pesticide ingestion, and the introduction of parasites., Off -road vehicle activity is also believed to be extremely disruptive to some species, especially during the breeding season. Certain birds which are capable of tolerating human disturbance will continue to inhabit developed areas, and may be attracted to newly landscaped areas. Bird species which occupy cliffs and hilly or mountainous terrain, including the prairie falcon and Golden eagle, will be particularly vulnerable to development that occurs within or adjacent to the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Continued development on mesquite hummocks and thickets has the potential to destroy the habitat of such sensitive species as the crissal thrasher and LeConte's thrasher. The conversion of agricultural lands to urban development could affect burrowing owl populations, which excavate nests in the ground and can occur in high densities near agricultural lands, where rodent and insect prey are abundant. Potential Impacts to Mammals A full range of common and special -status mammals may be adversely impacted by direct habitat loss and fragmentation and other human disturbances. A number of sensitive bat species, including the southern yellow bat, are associated with water sources provided by Lake Cahuilla County Park, PGA West, the La Quints Hotel and other golf course developments adjoining hillsides. Bats may also roost in abandoned mines irk the Santa Rosa Mountains, under bridges over the WhitewaterRiver, and in groves of untrimmed palm trees. Continued development could result in the loss and/or abandonment of roosting and foraging habitat. Smaller mammals are also susceptible to the direct and indirect impacts of continued development. The Palm Springs little pocket arouse has been documented on flat terrain with sandy, undisturbed soils throughout the planning area. The Palm Springs round -tailed ground squirrel prefers sandy flats and dunes, but is also known to occur in mesquite hummocks below the shoreline of 'ancient Lake Cahuilla and flood control channels throughout the Coachella Valley+. These and other small mammals are susceptible to the impacts of off -road vehicles, predation by domestic pets, and surface disturbances that could crush their burrows. The rocky hillsides of the Santa Rosa Mountains contain suitable habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep. Historically, direct impacts to the species have been rare in the La Quinta area due to limited' development on the mountainous slopes. This is expected to continue with implementation of the M-1 I2 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Sectiott - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation City's Hillside Conservation Zone Ordinance. however, future development at the base of the mountains may result in indirect impacts which could be significant without mitigation. Potential indirect•impacts include exposure of sheep to toxic plants and groundcovors, and parasites and other disease vectors, as well as increased risk of collision with vehicles. Bighorn have also been known to abandon hillside habitat which has been disturbed by humans through hiking, equestrian use, and other recreational activities. Proposed Annexation Na 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Buildout of the proposed annexation and sphere of influence amendment areas is expected to result in many of the direct and indirect impacts identified above. However, these impacts are not expected to be significant, and given that no development projects are planned for construction in the immediate future, impacts to biological species are expected to occur gradually. Neither the annexation area, nor the SOI amendment area is located within a highly sensitive biological habitat area. Neither area is located within the boundaries of the Coachella Valley Fringe - Toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan., Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness, or Santa Rosa Mountains State Game Refuge_ Although the southwestern corner of the annexation area is inenediately adjacent to essential habitat for the Peninsular bighorn she ep, eep, the annexation area itself does not.contain essential habitat_ Neither area occurs within the potential distribution area. of the Coachella giant sand -treader cricket or Flat -tailed honied lizard, Much of the annexation and SOI amendment areas have already been disturbed by rural development or agricultural activities. Approximately 4,160 acres (77%) in the annexation area and 6,890 acres (84%) itt the SOI amendment area are developed and, therefore, have been disturbed by grading, excavation, cultivation, disking or related activities. Actively cultivated agricultural lands provide little viable habitat for native plants and wildlife species,with the exception of burrowing owls, and animals that are present may be subject to the ingestion of pesticides and/or other chemicals. Vacant acres in the annexation and SQI amendment areas, however, may still contain suitable foraging and nesting habitat for a variety of endemic wildlife species, Limited acreage at the extreme southwestern corner of the proposed annexation area, illustrated in Exhibit III-23, is considered potentially sensitive for the desert tortoise, and may also contain glandular ditaxis and California dttaxis. Development proposed within this area will be required to conduct focused surveys for these species_ The same areas, as well as limited lands south of Avenue 52, may be sensitive for the Palm Springs little pocket mouse. Scattered lands in the proposed annexation and SOI areas, particularly south of Avenue 58 and in the vicinity of Desert Resorts Airport, may contain suitable habitat for the Palm Springs round -tailed ground squirrel. The primary impact associated with future development in the annexation and SOT areas is the potential loss, fragmentation and degradation of viable. habitat. Elements of the built environment, including buildings, roads, and landscaping may function as barriers that interrupt natural sand transport processes and threaten the viability of blowsand endemics. Grading and construction activities are likely to result in the crushing of invertebrates and reptiles, collapse of small mammals' burrows, and temporary or permanent removal ointment* and birds from the site. The TII-1 t3 - TNia y of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan1Drafi Eitt Section 11I - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation burrowing owl, which is known to inhabit underground nests on or near agricultural lands, could be adversely impacted by the conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses. Future development will generate increased vehicular traffic, which will increase the potential for animal injuries and/or deaths resulting from automobile collisions. The introduction of domestic pets to the area may result in an associated increase in predations and exposure of wildlife species to parasites. Native plant species could be replaced by, or subject to competition from, exotic species. Development in the annexation and SOI amendment areas may also have limited positive impacts on biological species. Birds and small mammals that are capable of tolerating human disturbances may be attracted to landscaped common areas and yards that include native trees, plants, and other landscaping materials, as well as on -site water retention/detention basins or other water sources. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with biological resources. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with biological resources arc reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The Land Use Element of the General Plan shall designate all areas above the toe of slope of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as Open Space for the protection of the Peninsular bighorn sheep and other species occurring in these habitats. B. The Land Use Element shall designate Sections 25 and 30, Township 6 South, Range 6 Fast, which occur within the Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness Study Area, as Open Space. C. Development occurring within the mitigation fee boundaries of the Coachella Valley Fringe - toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan shall pay the mitigation fee in effect prior to the issuance of building permits. The mitigation fee will also comply with the state endangered species act, according to the Memorandurn of Understanding by the Department of Fish and Game, Riverside County and the cities cif the Coachella Valley after it is signed by the CDFG. Until that time, a separate incidental take authorization from the state will be necessary for projects in blowsand habitat where the fringe -toed lizard is present. D. Undeveloped lands that have not been graded, cleared, or farmed at the base of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains (as illustrated on Exhibit III-23) shall be surveyed at the appropriate season for the presence of glandular ditaxis, California ditaxis and desert tortoise. E. The City shall continue to participate in the development of the Coachella Valley Multi - Species Habitat Conservation Plan. f-114 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Elan/Draft BIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation F. Sand deposits .throughout the study area shall be surveyed at the appropriate season for the presence of blowsand endemics, including the flat -tailed horned lizard, giant sand -treader cricket, Coachella Valley milkvetch, and slender woolly -heads. Areas requiring surveys are illustrated in Exhibits lfi-21 and 1.11-25. G. Projects supported by a federal nexus (such as a Corps of Engineers permit or Department of Housing and Urban Development funds) shall be surveyed for the Coachella Valley milkvetch because of its status as a listed species under the Endangered Species Act. H. Agricultural lands being converted to development shall be surveyed for the presence of burrowing owls, according to California Department of Fish and Came protocol. I. Large-scale developments, such as country clubs, shall be encouraged to establish groves or plantings or untrimmed palm trees which could provide roost sites for the southern yellow bat. J. Projects involving reconstruction of bridges shall perform biological surveys including bats to determine the presence of significant roosts. K. The City shall consider requiring barriers around the perimeter of any new project that borders the hillsides to protect bighorn sheep if they are demonstrated to occur on the project site. Informal consultation and/or review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game shall be completed prior to construction of a barrier, L. The City shall support and promote the integration of biological resource and open space/conservation principles into the design and development of roadways and highways, stormwater detention/retention basins, and public parks and private open space areas. M. To protect and further enhance native desert habitat in the built environment, the City shall encourage developers to salvage naturally occurring desert plant materials for incorporation into project landscaping to the greatest extent possible, and shall indicate utilization of these indigenousmaterials on project landscape plans, which provide or enhance wildlife habitat and serve to extend the local desert environment into the urban design of the City. Plans shall be submitted to the City for approval. N. A comprehensive planting materials list shall be prepared by the City, which shall include native and non-native, drought tolerant trees, shrubs and grouttdcovers that complement the local environment, provide habitat .for local wildlife, and extend the desert into the built environment. A list of prohibited plant materials shall also be prepared. G. The General Plan Land Use, Circulation, and Open Space Elements shall recognize, reflect and provide an effective buffer between urban development and other incompatible uses, and the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, and other sensitive wildlife and open space and conservation lands. RT1I5 mucity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ER Section HE - Environmental impacts and Mitigation P. The City shall consult and coordinate with the Coachella Valley Water District, Imperial hrigation District, and other appropriate public and quasi -public agencies, to encourage the establishment of a system of multiple use corridors for wildlife and public interconnection between open space areas in the community and vicinity. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting .Program A. . Potential impacts of development projects on biological resources shall be evaluated through the Initial Study review process. Impacts shall be clearly documented and mitigation measures recommended where appropriate. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Developer/Consulting Biologist. B. Prior to the issuance of building permits, the City shall assure that all required biological resource mitigation actions, including but not limited to off -site mitigation and/or the payment of impact fee,, have been satisfied. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Building Department, Developer/Consulting Biologist. C. Inspections during development grading and construction shall be monitored to assure conformance with grading limits, and to assure the preservation and integration of native and other appropriate desert landscape materials into all areas of the project in conformance with the approved landscape plan, Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Building Department, Developer/Consulting Biologist. D. City staff shall review biological resource reference materials and update City records and inventories on an annual basis to assure timely and adequate maintenance of a resource database. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Consulting Biologist R. Cultural Resources The following discussion is largely based upon a cultural resources study which was prepared for the City by CRM Tech, in conjunction with the preparation of the General Plan Update.39 The study can be found in Appendix of this document. 1. Existing Conditions Cultural resources are an integral part of a community and provide residents with a meaningful sense of history and heritage. Because it straddles the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, the City of La Quinta is contains one of the most dense concentrations of archaeological sites in California, 39 "Cultural Resources Element, City of La Quinta General Plan" prepared by CRM Tech, August 2, 2000. TN/City of Le, Quints Comprehensive General P]an/Draft EIR Section 11- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation. Citltnra] resources in the planning area range from prehistoric Native American villages and rancherias, to twentieth century date palm groves and the La Quinta i-Iotel_ Pre-ITistoric Settlement in the Planning Area The "prehistoric" period refers to time before the arrival of non -Indians, In the Coachella Valley, the prehistoric period began with the Archaic Period, which occurred before A.D. 1000. This period involved important cultural changes, including a change in burial practices to cremations around 500 B.C., and the introduction of the bow -and -arrow around A.D. 500. The introduction of pottery to the Coachella Valley after A.D. 1000 marks the beginning of the Late Prehistoric era in this region. Pottery was an innovation of peoples of the Colorado River, and its presence in the Coachella Valley indicates that contact occurred between inhabitants of the Coachella Valley and Colorado River settlements. The most recently identifiable native culture to evolve in the. Coachella Valley region is the Cahuilla. The Cahuilla were a Takic-speaking, hunting and gathering people who are generally divided into three groups by anthropologists; the Pass Cahuilla of the Banning -Beaumont area, the Mountain Cahuilla from the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains, and the Desert Cahuilla from the eastern Coachella Valley, as far east as today's Salton Sea. Each clan, or lineage, had its own food harvesting areas, ceremonial house, and lineage chief. However, a number of lineages are known to have cooperated with one another for political, social and economic purposes. Surveys performed by the U.S. Government Land Office (GLO) in the mid-1850s noted a total of eight Native American villages, or rancherias, in or near the La Quinta planning area. All or roost of these settlements are believed to have been settlements of the Desert or Pass Cahuilla people. Two prominent settlements, known as Toro and La Mesa, were located within the boundaries of the planning.area, while sax other Cahuilla settlements were observed within anapproximately one -mile radius. A number of other features, believed to have been made by the Cahuilla, were also observed in the planning area, including several wells and a network or roads and trails. The first Cahuilla contact with Europeans occurred in the 1770s, when Spaniards crossed through Cahuilla territory in search of new land routes between Mexico and northern Califoraia.40 As time passed, relations -between European settlers and the Cahuilla became strained due to conflicts over land ownership and exploitation, and religious and cultural practices. • European disease, to which the Cahuilla had no immunity, furthered the gap between Indian and non -Indian relations. A smallpox epidemic in the early 1860s decimated the Cahuilla population, which declined from an estimated 6,000 to 10,000 people to only 2,500 individuals.41 By the time the La Quinta area was re- surveyed by the U.S. government in the early twentieth century, most of the villages and rancherias noted from earlier snrveys had vanished, and signs ofEuroamerican influence, such as fences and irrigation ditches, were observed. The Cahuilla continue to inhabit parts of the Coachella Valley today, and are mostly affiliated with one or more of the Indian reservations in the Valley. Among these are the Torres Martinez, Augustine, Apia Caliente, Cabazon and Morongo, most of which are located in close proximity to the City of La Qninta. 40 Fhe CahUilla. Bean, Lowefl John and Lisa Bourget*. Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. 41 kid III 117 TWOty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR action 111- Environmental Impacts and. Mitigation Historic Settlement of the Planning Area By the late eighteenth century, Spanish explorers sought to colonize California before other European nations, and established religious missions and military strongholds along the California coast, Mission San Diego, the first pen-nnnent mission established by the Spanish, was built in 1769. By the 1770s, explorers entered the Coachella Valley region in search of easily passable supply routes from Mexico to colonies on the northern Monterey Peninsula of California. In 1822, Mexico secured its independence from Spain under the Treaty of Cordova, and Spanish forces were driven out of Mexico and California. Mexican exploration of the Coachella Valley region continued, and numerous ranches and agricultural enterprises were established. In n any cases, Mexican land owners relied upon Cahuilla Indians for ranch management and labor. The United States defeated Mexico in 1848 in the Mexican, -American War and gained control of California. At the same tiine, the discovery of gold and the appeal of cattle ranching led to an influx of new settlers. California was admitted into the Union in 1850. The Cocortaricopa Trail, an ancient Indian trading route which passed through the Coachella Valley, provided a valuable connection between the coastal region of California and the Colorado River, In 1862, the route was "rediscovered" by William David Bradshaw and renamed the Bradshaw Trail. One month after its opening, stagecoach and passenger service began serving travelers along the road, and the trail later became part of the U.S. Mail route between Los Angeles and Santa Fe, New Mexico.42 Until the late 1870s, the Bradshaw Trail served as an important thoroughfare between the Los Angeles area and the gold fields near present-day Ehrenberg, Arizona. The expansion of the transcontinental railroad, which connected the California coast with Yuma, Arizona, combined with the depletion of the Colorado gold mines, eventually led to a discontinuation of freight service over the Bradshaw Trail. Traffic over the road had declined to almost nothing by 1880, but ranchers and miners continued to use it for local transport..43 The Bradshaw Trail was revived. after the turn of the century, with the advent of the automobile, and today the old wagon route is closely followed by State Highway 11 t, Non -Indian settlement in the Coachella Valley began in the 1870s, with the establishment of railroad stations along the Southern Pacific line, The rate of settlement increased significantly in the 1880a, after public land was opened for claims under the Homestead Act, Desert Land Act and other federal land laws. With the availability of underground water resources, farming became the dominant economic activity in the Coachella Valley. The date palm was introduced to the area around the turn of the century, and became the area's main agricultural staple. By the 1920s, the resort industry had begun to spread throughout the Coachella. Valley. The construction of the La Quinta Hotel in 1926, by Walter R. Morgan and his Desert Development 42 43 Ibid. zo rtiggija do the EradshaKIKA Ross, Denver G, Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company. M-1I8 TNiCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General flan/DraftELR Section DI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Company, provided the impetus for more "winter resort" development in the La Quinta-area. In the early 1930s, B.S."Harry" Feiner began subdividing the Cove area and marketing the sale of furnished weekend homes. Although the rest of the La Quinta area remained predominantly rural during this period, with scattered ranch -style houses, the planning area experienced rapid growth during the post World War II era. The City of La .Quinta was incorporated on May 1, 1982. Documentation of Cultural Resources Archaeological studies and surveys are prepared to satisfy the requirements of current county, state (CFQA), and federal (NEPA) laws and guidelines pertaining to the identification and preservation of prehistoric and historic sites our property proposed for development~ The Eastern Information Center (ETC) at the Archaeology Research Unit of the University of California Riverside, which acts as a regional repository for research in cultural resources, has a number of field surveys and other cultural records on file. A review of these records indicates that approximately 50% to 60% of the La Quinta planning area has been surveyed for cultural resources since the 1970s, particularly in the eastern portion of the planning area Where resort and other development has been concentrated in the past several decades. The most common types of archaeological and historic sites identified in the planning area and surrounding region are briefly described below. ArchaeoloaicaLSites 1. Village sites: Villages are the most significant sites identified. They are generally located in areas that offer optimal climate, food, water, and materials. Occupied for extended periods of time, village sites are recognized by rich deposits of organic, ashy soil often containing artifacts and plant and animal remains. 2. Campsites and Ternporary Habitation Sites: These sites are similar to villages but are shallower and contain fewer artifacts. 3. Milling Stations: These are sites in which grinding, pounding, and processing was performed on food materials. 4. Lithic Quarries: Quarries are outcrops of certain types of rock used in tool-making. 5. Lithic Reduction Sites/Lithic Workshops: Lithic workshops are areas in which rocks wore reduced and shaped into tools and other useful materials. b. Aboriginal Trails, The remains of Indian trails that were likely used as important travel corridors, 7. Sparse Lithic Scatters: These sites include the remains of stone -making activities. 8. Pot Drops: Areas in which pottery fragments from the breakage of a single vessel are identified. 9. Rock cairns aid rock art sites: A rock cairn is a collection or mound of stones that served as a memorial or landmark. Rock art sites include pictographs, petroglyphs, and cupule boulders. Historic Sit& (A historic site includes any area more than 45 years old that contains evidence of human activity.) 1. Homes/Ranches: These sites include intact structures or the remnants of house foundations, wells, fences and rock walls, outbuildings, and other features associated with living activities. 111-119 meity of La Quinta Comprehensive °eneral Plan/Draft E R Section 111- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 2. Roads/Trails: Corridors that were important transportation and/or trading routes. 3. Mining Sites: Mining sites include mine shafts, equipment associated with mining, and shallow pits in which minor prospects may have occurred. 4. Trash Dumps/Can Scatters: These sites contain trash that can be accurately elated. Archaeological Resources in the Planning Area Because of its unique location straddling the shoreline of ancient Lake Cnbuilla, the City of La Quints contains one of the most dense concentrations of archaeological sites in California. A survey of the cultural resources records on ale at the Eastern Information Center indicates that approximately 372 archaeological sites have been recorded to date in the planning area and within a one -mile radius. The majority of these sites represent Indian settlement: associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla, Scatters of pottery, burned animal bone, grinding stones, cremations, and other remains have been identified along the historic .shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, which is believed to have occurred at a 42-foot elevation until its complete desiccation around AD 1700. Recent research has also identified sites dating from earlier times buried deep within local sand. dunes. One site, located just outside the City limits at the intersection of Fred Waring Drive and Jefferson Street, dates back to 2,700 years ago and has proven to be the oldest site yet discovered in the Coachella Valley. Another site within the City limits has been dated to 2,300 years ago, and two sites have proven to he 1,600 years old. These sites are also believed to be'related to ancient Lake Cahuilla, which has come and gone several times within the last two millennia. Historic Resources in the Planning Area A number of historic sites have been identified and recorded in the La Quints planning area. From 1981 to 1983, the Riverside County Historical Commission recorded 36 historic buildings or building groups, a historic cemetery, and a historic canal inside or within a one -mile radius of the planning area. The City of La Quinta completed its own historical resources survey during 1996 and 1997, which resulted in the recordation of an additional 67 historic properties, most of which were historic buildings» Since that time, another 14 structures Have been recorded during project - related surveys, for a combined total of 117 historic resources in the planning area. The majority of these are of late 1930s and 1940s vintage. However, the oldest are a cemetery and Catholic Church on the Torres -Martinez Indian Reservation, which date back to 1876 and 1894, respectively. A complete listing of historical resources in the planning area con be found in Appendix B. As part of the 1996-1997 city-wide historical resources survey, the City of La Quinta designated the Cove area as a historic district_45 The Cove was the City's first residential subdivision, and most of its buildings are constructed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style of architecture. The National Register of Historic Places is a nationwide inventory of districts, sites, buildings, structures, or objects of national, slate, or local historical. significance. Curreutly, two sites in the vicinity of the, planning area are listed in the National Register. These include the Coachella Valley Fish Traps, a 208± acre archaeological site which straddles the southern planning area boundary, and the Martinez Historic District, which lies just outside the southern planning area boundary. 44 Mellon and Associates, City of La Quinta Historic Resources Survey, Volume 2: Survey Forms. 1997. On file at the City of La Quints. - 45 O'Connor and Steigcmeyer, Historical resources record, La_ Quinta Cove Thematic Historic District, 1997. On file at the City of La Quinta. III-120 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/DraftR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Numerous archaeological sites within the planning area have been determined to be eligible for fisting in the National Register. ' The California Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) maintains the California Register which includes all propertied listed in or officially determined to be eligible for listing in. the National Register. The OHP also maintains a register of California Historical Landmarks for properties of statewide historic importance, and Points of Historical Interest for properties of county -wide or regional importance. At this time, there are no California Historical Landmarks within or adjacent to the La Quinta planning area. However, there is one Point of Historical Interest within the planning area: the site of Toro. Three Points of Historical Interest are located within a one -mile radius of the planning area: the site of Palma Seca Well, the Martinez Indian Agency (part of the Martinez Historic District), and the Valerie lean Date Garden. Programs Administered by the City of La Quinta The City of La Quinta has taken a proactive role in assuring that cultural resources within its incorporated limits are adequately surveyed, documented, and preserved, where appropriate. In response to development pressures in the La Quinta area and an associated increase in the number of cultural resources surveys being prepared, the City has adopted official guidelines pertaining to the qualification requirements for archaeological consultants. The City has also developed programs to implement the transfer of development rights and application of the Sate Historic Building Code. Historic Preservation Ordinance In 1991, the City of La Quinta drafted its first Historic Preservation Ordinance and established a Historic Preservation Commission , which was oomposed of members of the. City's Planning Commission. The Ordinance was subsequently amended to reflect State Office of Historic Preservation requirements for the Certified Local Governments program, and was adopted in 1993. In 1994, under the amended ordinance, an independent Historic Preservation Commission was created. It consists of five members who have demonstrated an interest in, and knowledge of, historic preservation and the City's cultural resources. The Commission is responsible for "reviewing the conduct of land use, housing and development, municipal improvement and other types of planning and programs undertaken by any agency of the city, the county Or state, as they relate to the historic preservation of the community." The amended ordinance also established a local historical resources inventory -and procedures for the designation of landmarks and historic districts, all of which are administered by the Historic Preservation Commission. The historic resources inventory has been prepared, and encompasses all properties listed in Appendix 2 of the Cultural Resources Study provided in Appendix B of this document. The landmark program has not yet been implemented. Z. Project Impacts Historically significant sites and structures are those that are 45 years of age or older and provide evidence of past human activities. Appendix K of the California Environmental Quality Act (CPQA) 46 La Quinta Municipal Code. Section 7,04.030(C. I). M-121 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive sive General Plan/Draft EIR Section ITt; - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation B, Guidelines significance articulates that cultural resources must be evaluated for their importance or 7 "An important archaeological resource" is defined by CEQA as one which. A. Is associated with an event or person of: 1,Recognized signifi.cance in California or American history, or .Recognized scientific importance in prehistory; Can provide information which is both of demonstrable public interest and useful in addressing scientifically consequential and reasonable or archaeological research questions; C. Hasa special or particular quality such as oldest, best example, largest, or last surviving example of its kind; D, Is at least 100 years old and possesses substantial stratigraphic integrity; or, B. Involves important research questions that historical research has shown can be answered only with archaeological methods. Considering the high number of known archaeological and historic sites within the planning area, no undeveloped lands should be considered free of historical resources prior to being investigated. Mountainous slopes, canyons and alluvial fans, in particular, have been shown to contain ancient trails, rock cairns, and other signs of prehistoric occupation. Rolling sand dunes have been known to harbor evidence of Native American occupation associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla. Silty flat lands in the eastern planning area, which are now largely in active cultivation, contained more recent Native American and Furoamerican settlements, It is likely that additional sites and structures may be discovered during future development. Future developmentprojects could potentially result in direct and/or indirect disturbance or destruction of sensitive archaeological and historic resources. Impacts may include grading activities, site excavation, construction, and increased foot and vehicular traffic. Site surveys should be conducted on all future development projects on previously undeveloped land, to determine the presence and significance or archaeological and historic resources. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment As described earlier in this section, the vast majority of archaeological sites identified in the General Plan planning area are associated with Indian settlement in the vicinity of Ancient Lake Cahuilla, Pottery scatters, grinding stones, charred animal bones, and evidence of cremations and other remains have been identified along the historic shoreline of Ancient Lake Cahuilla, indicating. the presence of a dense population ir, the 17th and 18t1h centuries. Since 1981, nearly 120 historic buildings and sites have been recorded in the General Plan planning area during historical resources surveys conducted by the City of La Quinta, Riverside County, and other parties. 47 "California Environmental Quality Act - Statutes and Guidelines." Prepared by the Governor's Office of Planning and research, State of California, Time 1992. Appendix K: Archaeological Impacts. III-122 TWCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General PIaafDraft EiR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The proposed annexation and SOI amendment areas are located in the heart of this culturally sensitive area, and virtually no undeveloped land within their boundaries should be considered free of cultural resources, Rolling sand dunes and the silty, bedded flatlands, which are now mostly in agriculture, were once home to the C.ahuilla and early Euro-American settlers. Some of the archaeological and historical resources identified in the annexation and SOI amendment areas include Indian rancherias, historic roads and trails, irrigation ditches, fences, and other evidence of past human activity. More than 30 archaeological sites, including major concentrations of Indian artifacts, were identified in the cultural resources survey for the Coral Mountain Specific Plan at the southwest corner of the proposed annexation area Although these lands were once actively cultivated, their artifacts were preserved. Therefore, the potential sensitivity of other agricultural lands in the annexation and SOI amendment area Cannot be discounted. Buildout of the annexation and SOI amendment areas could result in the disturbance andlor destruction of archaeological and historic resources. Development activities, including grading, excavation, paving and building canstr action, as well as increased foot and vehicular traffic, could damage or destroy sensitive artifacts. Given that additional sites and resources may be discovered during future development, site surveys should be required as part of the initial project review process on all future development projects' on undeveloped and agricultural lands. The mitigation measures described below are also applicable to future development in time proposed annexation and SOI amendment areas. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of fulluence Amendment will result insignificant impacts associated with cultural resources. 3. Mitigation Measures The preservation of local cultural resources is an important step in maintaining the Coachella Valley's cultural heritage. The City of La Quinta is responsible for assuring that every reasonable effort is made to identify and evaluate cultural sites within its jurisdiction., The City must determine which development activities could potentially have an adverse impact on historically significant sites. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Statutes and Guidelines define the manner in which the City must address issues related to archaeological and historic resources. Project involving a federal agency, federal funding, or some other federal assistance must conform to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NI -IPA). In order to ensure that impacts associated with cultural resources are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented. A. The City shall maintain and update on a regular basis its existing historic resources inventory, , to reflect the current status of historic resources, identify potential historic resources, and include non-traditional property types. -123 TMCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Erk Section Ili - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation B. The City shall develop a strategy for conducting cultural resource surveys of currently unsurveyed areas of the planning area, and assure that newly identified resources are incorporated into the City's historic resources inventory, C. The City shall proactively promote the preservation of historical resources by increasing its influence over historical resources within its jurisdiction, and by developing the necessary procedures to acquire historical resources, where appropriate. a The City shall develop a system of incentives and regulations that encourage the preservation, maintenance and/or rehabilitation of historical resources by property owners, local citizens and private development projects, through the continuation and expansion of federal and state programs which provide tax and other incentives for the rehabilitation of historically and/or architecturally significant structures and other mechanisms. E. All development projects which require discretionary city action shall be reviewed by a quatifled archaeologist, historian, and/or architectural historian, prior to final approval in order to identify potential impacts to historical resources and appropriate mitigation measures. All such sites shall be surveyed, unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates that a survey is unnecessary. F. A qualified archaeologist and/or Native American representative shall provide on -site monitoring during ground -disturbing activities in areas of high sensitivity. G. The City shall adopt a proactive approach in code enforcement to prevent deterioration of historic buildings, structures and districts, and shall consider incorporating historic preservation into the City's zoning ordinance to create historic zoning districts and/or overlays, where appropriate. H. Develop and implement a systematic program aimed at advancing public awareness of and pride in the city's heritage. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. Potential impacts. of development projects an cultural resources shall be evaluated through. the Initial Study review process. Impacts shall be clearly documented and mitigation measures recommended where appropriate. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Developer/Consulting Archaeologist/Historian, UC-Riverside Eastern Information Center, D. City staff shall review cultural resources reference materials and update City records and inventories on an annual basis to assure timely 'and adequate maintenance of the database. Responsible Parties: Comrrxunity Development Department, UC-Riverside Eastern Information Center. ID-124 TN/City of La Quint% Comprehensive General Plan/Draft RR Section I]J - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation L Air Quality 1. Existing Conditions One of the most important issues associated with public health and safety in a community is air quality. In relation to other areas in southern California, the City of La Quinta and the Coachella Valley have essentially good, air quality. Although the region has exceeded the state and federal standards for some pollutants in the past, regional air quality levels have shown marked improvement in recent years. Continued •implementation of air quality management programs and a. local commitment to reducing air pollutants will have tong --term beneficial impacts on the City's environment. Climatic Conditions in the Coachella Valley The City of La Quinta and the Coachella Valley comprise a geographically and meteorologically unique area which is effectively isolated from coastal influences by surrounding mountains. The resulting environment is a hot, dry, low-lying desert basin that is subject to strong and sustained winds. These winds suspend and transport large quantities of sand and dust, which can reduce visibility, damage property and constitute a significant health threat. The Coachella Valley is also susceptible to air inversions, in which a layer of stagnant air is trapped near the ground where it is further loaded with pollutants. When combined with chemical. aerosols and other pollutants emitted by automobiles, furnaces and other sources, this process can result in substantial haziness and a deterioration in ambient air quality. Air Quality Management and Regulation Both federal and state governments have established air quality standards for a variety of pollutants. At the federal level, the U_S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulation of motor vehicle standards and other air pollution issues. In 1990, a series of amendments to the federal Clean Air Act (CAA) were enacted which were intended to intensify air pollution control measures nationwide. The amended CAA sets forth specific emission reduction goals, incorporates more stringent sanctions for failure to meet interim milestones, and requires a demonstration of reasonable progress in attaining federal air quality standards. The CAA also establishes deadlines for the submittal of State Implementation Plans (SIPS), which are directed at helping regional air quality management districts meet the ambient air quality standards and deadlines specified in the CAA. The California Clean Air Act (CCAA) became effective on January 1, 1989 and mandated health - based air quality standards at the state level. The California Air Resources Board (CARE) is responsible for implementing the CCAA and oversees vehicle emission standards, fuel specifications, and consumer product standards, and other air quality issues at the state level. Regional and local agencies have also assumed responsibility for assuring that air quality standards are achieved. The City of La Quinta arid the surrounding. Coachella Valley are located within the Salton Sea Air Basin (SSAB). The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) is responsible for monitoring regional air quality trends and formulating relevant management policies for the SSAB and neighboring air basins. The 1997 SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan sets 111-125 IN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1anfDrt. SIR Section III - Environmental impacts and IN3itigaton forth policies and implementation measures designed to belp the District satisfy the planning requirements of the federal dean Air Act and the California Clean Air Act, The Southern California Association of Governments (SLAG) and Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) are also involved in these efforts. Primary and Secondary Pollutants Pollutants are generally classified in two categories: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants are those which are a direct consequence of energy production and utilization. These pollutants typically affect only local areas and do not undergo chemical modification or further dispersion. Primary sources and their pollutants are mostly a direct consequence of the combustion of petroleum and other fuels resulting in the production of oxides of carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and a number of reactive hydrocarbons and suspended particulates. Secondary pollutants are those which undergo chemical changes after emission. These pollutants disperse and undergo chemical changes under conditions of high ambient temperatures and high rates of solar insulation. Principal secondary pollutants are termed oxidants and incitide ozone (03), peroxyni[ aces, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and chemical aerosols. Criteria Pollutants and Associated Health Effects In an effort to protect public health, federal and state ambient air quality standards have been established for the following pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead and suspended particulate matter. A description of each pollutant and associated health impacts is provided below. Ozone (03) is formed when byproducts of the internal combustion engine react in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight. Ozone is a pungent, colorless, toxic gas which is the main component of photochemical smog. Although ozone is produced within the Coachella Valley, most ozone pollutants are transported by coastal winds from Los Angeles County and the Riverside and San Bernardino areas into the Coachella Valley, thereby contributing to high ozone concentrations in the vralley.48 Exposure to ozone can result in dirainighed breathing capacity, increased sensitivity to infections, and inflammation of the lung tissue. The Coachella Valley has a history of exceeding prescribed ozone standards, although the number of days and months exceeding the federal one -hour ozone standard have dropped steadily over the past decade, The Coachella Valley is classified as a "severe-17" ozone non -attainment area under the federal Clean Air Act. The area must comply with federal ozone air quality standards by November 15, 2007, which is 17 years from the date the Clean Air Act was enacted 49 Although some ozone is produced locally by motor vehicles and other sources in the Coachella Valley, monitoring data indicate that federal ozone exceedances in the Coachella Valley are largely the resnit of pollutant transport from the South Coast Air Basin, tbrough the Banning' Pass, into the Coachella Valley. Although it is difficult to quantify the total amount of ozone contributed from 48 "1997 Air Quaity Management P1an," South Coast Air Quality Management District. 49 Ibid. 50 Ibid. Ifl-126 TiICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General flan/Draft ER Section III - Environmental Impacts and mitigation other regions, improved air quality in the Coachella Valley will be partly dependent upon reduced ozone emissions in the South Coast Air Basin, Carbon, Monox t (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas emitted by automobiles and other motor vehicles. In high concentrations, carbon monoxide can contribute to the development of heart disease, anemia, impaired psychological behavior, and reduction in birth weight.51 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a byproduct of fuel combustion which acts as an irritant. Because it absorbs. bine light, high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide leave a brownish -red haze in the atmosphere, thereby reducing visibility. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide can result in airway contraction in healthy individuals, and diminished lung capacity in individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sulfur Dioxide is a colorless, pungent, extremely irritating gas which results from the combustion of high -sulfur content fuels, such as coal and oil. Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide can result in airway constriction and severe breathing difficulties in asthmatics. High levels of exposure can cause fluid accumulation in the lungs and lung tissue damage.52 Lead (Pb) occurs in the atmosphere as particulate matter resulting from leaded gasoline and the manufacturing of batteries, paint, ink and amtuunition. The elimination of leaded gasolines in recent years has reduced the hazards associated with airborne load.. Exposure to lead can result in anemia, kidney disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction and seizures. In severe cases, neuromuscular and neurologic disorders can occur.53 ,ticulate Matter (PM1O) consists of fine suspended particles of ten microns or smaller in diameter, which are byproducts of road dust, sand, diesel soot, wind storms and the abrasion of tires and brakes. PM1O is one of the most prevalent forms of pollution in the Coachella Valley and is associated with strong desert winds, as discussed in more detail below. State and federal ambient air quality standards have been directed at reducing particulate matter of 10 microns or smaller. However, the U.S. EPA is currently recommending that new fine particulate standards be established to address particles 2.5mnicrometers or smaller in size. Fine particulate matter poses a significant threat to public health. The elderly, children and adults with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular disease are most susceptible to the effects of PM1O. Elevated PM 10 levels are associated with an increase in respiratory infections and occurrences of asthma attacks. The process of natural sand migration, also known as "blowsand," generates two types of PM1O emissions: 1) natural PM10 produced by direct particle erosion and fragmentation, and 2) secondary PMIO in which sand is deposited on road surfaces, ground into smaller particles by motor vehicles, and resuspended in the air by those vehicles. The Coachella Valley has a history of elevated PM1O levels, which are closely associated with local fugitive dust emissions. Iu 1990, the South Coast Air Quality 11+Ianagerent District adopted the 51 Ibid. 52 Ibid. 53 Ibid. 111-127 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General man/Draft EIR Section tII - Envur„uuental Impacts and Mitigation "State Implementation Plan for PM10 for the Coachella Valley" (90-CVS1P) which outlined "reasonably available control measures" for PMIO, and established a future attainment date for areas previously unable to meet federal PMIO standards. In January 1993, the Coachella Valley was reclassified from a "moderate" to "serious" non - attainment area for PM10 by the U.S. EPA.54 The Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) and its member cities have worked closely with one another to implement the measuresset forth in the 90-CVSIP, including the adoption of city -based dust control ordinances, street cleaning programs, and the use of chemical stabilizers, site watering techniques and landscape treatments designed to reduce fugitive dust. Recent monitoring data indicate that, with few exceptions, the Coachella Valley has attained the federal PM10 air quality standard and is eligible for reconsideration by the U.S. EPA as having attained this standard. In 1996, the SCAQNID prepared and submitted to the EPA the "Coachella Valley PM10 Attainment Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan," which requested reconsideration and included a maintenance plan designed to help the region achieve attainment for a 10-year period.55 The Valley was required to demonstrate that it could meet federal PM10 emission standards for three consecutive years; this time period expired in 1999. The EPA was expected to issue its opinion ort attainment status during the year 2000, but has not as of this writing. 56 State and Federal Air Quality Standards State and federal ambient air standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and suspended particulate matter are shown in Table 111-17. State standards are generally more restrictive than federal standards. 54 "Coachella Valley PM 10 Attainment Reeesl.gnation Request and Maintenance Plan." prepared by the South Coast Air Quality Management District, September 1996. 55 Ibid. 56 Aurora Kerr, Coachella Valley Association of Govctn:nents, May 18, 2000. m-128 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General flan/Draft MR Section fif - Environmental impacts and Mitigation Table Il-17 State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant State Standards Federal Stands Averaging Time • Concentration Averaging Time Concentration D2.ono 1 hour 0.09 ppm 1 hour 0.12 ppm Carbon Monoxide 1 hour 24.0 ppm 1 hoax 35 ppm 8 hours 9.0 ppm 8 hours 9.0 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 1 hour 0.25 ppm annually 0.053 ppm Sulfur Dioxide 1 hour 0.25 ppm annually 0.03 ppm 24 hours 0.04 ppm 24 1ours 0.14 ppm Suspended Particulate Matter 24 hours 50pgini3 24 hours 150 gfm3 AGM 30ltglm3 AAM 50 igfm3 Notes: ppm = parts per million AGM = Annual Geometric Mean • µgfm3 = rnicragraIns per cubic meter of air AAYvI = Annual Axithrncti c Mean Senn =: "1997 Air Quality Management Man," prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, Pollutants of Regional Concern Of the pollutants described above, ozone and PMIO are the most prevalent in the Coachella Valley and the City of La Quinta. There are a number of circumstances that are unique to the Coachella Valley which make it difficult to satisfy the requirements of the Clean Air Act. Aix pollution in the Coachella. Valley is the result of a variety of regional activities, including grading and construction, automobile traffic, and the operation of furnaces and other beating, cooling and ventilation equipment. However, a substantial amount of the pollution in the Coachella Valley can be attributed to regional geographic and climatic conditions. As discussed previously, air quality monitoring data indicate that federal ozone standard exceedances in the Coachella Valley are largely the result of pollutant transport from the upwind South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The continued implementation of control strategies in the SCAB is expected to contribute to future attainment of the federal ozone standard in the Coachella Valley. The valley's elevated PMIO levels are strongly related to local fugitive dust problems. The valley is a low-lying desert basin characterized by low annual rainfall and low humidity. The valley is surrounded on the north, west and south by mountain ranges that physically isolate it from coastal influences. Temperatures can exceed 120°F during summer months. As daily temperatures rise, cooler coastal air is drawn through the. narrow San Gorgonio Pass to the west, generating strong winds that cross the moat active erosion zones in the valley. Large quantities of desert sand and dust are transported through the valley, reducing visibility, damaging property and threatening public health. III-129 T ieity of La Quint Comprehensive General Plan/Draft E1R Section 10 - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Air Quality Monitoring Stations The South Coast Air Quality Management District operates and maintains regional air quality monitoring stations at numerous locations throughout its jurisdiction. The City of La Quinta is located within Source Receptor Area (SRA) 30, which includes monitoring stations in Palm Springs and Indio. Table M-18 shows the maximum concentrations of PMI0, and the number of days exceeding state and federal standards in the Coachella Valley between 1989 and 1998. Ozone 3evels at the Palm Springs and Indio air quality monitoring stations for the same period are illustrated in Table 111-16. Table III-18 Coachella Valley Air Quality Trends Exceedances of Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) Standards Max. Concentration Days (%) Standard Exceeded Monitoring Station Year u m3124 hours Federal- State2 Palm Springs Indio 1989 292 • 2 (3.3%) 17 (28,3 ) 1990 83 0 0.0%) 9 (15.3%) 1991 197 1 (1.8%) 14 (25,0%) 1992 175 1 (1.7%) 4 (6.7%) 1993 58 0 (O.O%) 1 (1.7%) 19943 97 0 (0.0%%e) 23 (38.3%) 19953 199* 1 (1.6%) 27 (44.3%) 1996 130 • 0 (O.0%) 2 (3.3%) 1997 63 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.8%) 1998 72 • 0 (0.0%) 3 (5.2%) 1989 712 4 (6.9%) 39 (67.2%) 1990 520 4 (6.8%) 41 (69.5%) 1991 340 . • • 3 (5.1%) 37 (62.7%) 1992 117 0 (0.0%) 18 (30.5%) 1993 125 0 (0.0%) 25 (41.0%) 19943 97 0 (0.0%) 23 38.3%) 19953 199' 1 (1.6%) -27 (44.3%) 1996 117* 0 (0.0%) 29 (50.0%) 1997 144* 0 (0.0%) 23 (42.6%)* 1998 • 114 • 0 (0.0%) • 32 (40.0%) 1 >150 ugtm3 in 24 hour period 2 > 50 ugim3 in 24 hour period. 3 . Includes high -wind natural event days, * Less titan 12 foil months of data; may not be representative. Source: Annuli] air quality sits monitoFing reports, prepared by South Coast .Air Quality Management Di5trlct. I1I-130 TN City of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1aniD.raft EIR Section III•- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table l lL-19 • Coachella Valley Air Quality Trends Exceedances of Ozone Standards Monitoring Station Year Max. Concentration No. Days Standard Exceeded in 1 Hour Federal1 State2 Palm Springs Indio 1989 .19 ppm 37 108 1990 .17 ppm 27 . 73 1991 .18 ppm 22 72 1992 .15 ppm 21 69 1993 .17 ppm 20 .79 19943 .17 ppm 13 71 19953 .16 ppm 9 49 1996 .16 ppm 12 . 60 1997*. .16 ppm* 4* 45* 1998 .17 ppm 8 40 1989 .16 pprrn 16 76 1990 ..16 ppm 10 47 1991 .18 ppm 13 48 1992 .14 ppm 8 45 1993 .16 ppm 3 25 19943 . .17 ppm 13 71 19953 . ,16 ppm 9 . 49 1996 .12 ppm 0 26 1997 .11 ppm 4 3 1998 .13 ppm 2 16 1 7.12 parts per million in 1 hour 2 >.10 parts per million in 1 hour prior to 1989, ›..09 ppm beginning 1989 3 • Palm Springs and Indio ozone levels represented as a single Coachella Valley data value in SCAQIAD annual report. Values recorded are the highest recorded at either station. * Less than 12 full months of data; may not be representative. Source. Anneal air quality site monitoring reports, prepared by Sonth Coast Air Quality Management District_ m-131 TN/City of La Quinta Cotnprehensive+Omera] PIatiDraftE1R Section DI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 2. Project Impacts Implementation of the proposed {general Plan can be expected to result in an increased potential for air quality degradation in the City of La Quinta and the Coachella Valley. Pollutants will come from a variety of sources, with the most significant impacts associated with emissions from vehicular traffic. Another potentially significant source of pollutants will be site disturbance, grading and construction activity. Other sources include the consumption of natural gas and the use of electricity by residents and businesses in the planning area. The following discussion describes the major sources of air pollutants associated with buildout of the proposed General Plan. Projected ei fissions are quantified where possible. Fugitive Dust Fugitive dust is typically generated during the disturbance and grading of undeveloped acreage and the construction of new facilities. Depending on soil characteristics, the number of acres disturbed, climatic conditions and other factors, the amount of fugitive dust generated can be significant. It is beyond the scope of this study to accurately quantify the potential impacts of fugitive dust associated with General Plan buildout, as these will depend upon site -specific characteristics and grading/construction plans of future development projects. Nonetheless, the following factor can be applied to provide a general estimate of future, Iong-term fugitive dust emissions. Table III-20 Calculations of Fugitive Dust Potential Total Area to be Total Potential Disturbed at Buildout* Factor Dust Generation 24,881 acres 26.41bs.Iday/acre 656,858 lbs./day Includcs vacant acres remaining to be developed through buildout of the Draft General Plan_ Does not include vacant Open Space acreage. Source: Table A9-9, "CEQA Air Quality Handbook," prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993, The above estimate represents total emissions to be generated during buildout of the proposed General Plan, and provides a benchmark by which the potential impacts of future development in the planning area can be measured. These emissions will be produced over the life of the General Plan, and are not representative of short-term, project -specific impacts. . Stationary Source Emissions Calculations of stationary source emissions include emissions from electrical power plants (located outside the City of La Quinta) and the consumption of natural gas for cooking, heating and related activities. Power plant emissions consist primarily of combustion products, such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur oxides, particulate matter and reactive organic gases (RGG), IYI-t32 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section Yin - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-21 shows potential power plant emissions associated with annual electricity consumption by residential.developrent upon buildout of the proposed General Plan. The amount of electrical energy and natural gas required to power lights, appliances and other equipment is based on per unit usage factors provided by the South Coast Aar Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in the SCAQMD EIR Handbook.57 These figures are then multiplied by SCAQMD pollutant emission generation factors, Table ID-2I. Power Plant Emission Projections for Residential Development at Project Buildou t (Lbs. per 1000 kwh) Annual Electric Total Number of Total Annual Energy Usage (per unit) Dwelling Units Electric Usage 5,626.50 kwblunitfyear x 78,952 units 444,223,423 kwh Pollutant Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur Particulates Reactive Monoxide Oxides Oxides Organic Gases Factor 444,223 +11,1,223 444,223 444,223 444,223 x0.20 x 1.15 x0.12 x-0,04 x 0.01 Lbs./Year 88,844.7 510,856.9 53,306.8 17,768.9 4,4422 Source: CEQA Air Quality Handbook, prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. Appendix to Chapter 9, Tables A9-11-A and A9-11-B, Assumes continued availability and use of natural gas in power plants and an average contribution from hydro -electric sources. Represents total pounds eznittcd per year at buildout. Emissions tables for commercial and industrial ]and uses are generated in the same manner, except different annual usage factors are applied. The electrical power factors are given on a per square foot basis, rather than a per unit basis, and the SCAQMD Handbook separates commercial and industrial uses by type. The commercial uses selected for this analysis include the "retail," "restaurant," "office," "food store," and "hotel/motel" categories provided in the SCAQMD Handbook. It is assumed that retail uses will compose approximately 69% of all commercial development at buildout, restaurants will compose about 4%, offices 11 , food stores 8%, and hotels/motels 8%. 57 Table A9-11-A, "CEQA Aar Quality Handbook," prepared by the South Coast Air Quality Management District„ April 1993. Q[ 133 TNtCity of La Qulnta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft E!R Section li - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-22 Power Plant Emission Projections for Commercial Development at Puildout (Lbs. per 1000 kwh) Estimated Total Annual Eleatic Usage:. 339,348,828 kwhiyeart Pollutant Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur Particulates Reactive Monoxide Oxides Oxides 339,349 339,349 339,349 339,349 339,349 Factor x 0.20 x 1,15 x.0.12 x 0.04 x 0.01 _Lbs./Year 67,869.8 390,251.2 40,721,9 13,574.0 3,393,5 Organic Gases * Usage factor based on the following breakdown of cotnruercial square footage, kwhisquare foot usage and emission factors: Retail - 13,204,979 square feet fr, 13.55 kwhlsq. ft.; Restaurant - 765,506 sq. ft. 647.45 kwhisq. fi-; Office - 2,105,142 sq, ft. 0 12.95 knibisq. ft.; Food Store - 1,531.012 sq. ft. 0 53.50 kwbfsq. ft.; Hotel/Motel - 1,531,012 sq. ft. @ 9.95 kwhlsq. ft., as provided in Appendix A9-11-A of the CEQA Quality Handbook, April 1993. • Source: CEQA Air Quality Handbook, prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. •Appendix to Chapter 9, 'fables A9-11-A and A9-11-B. Assumes continued availability and use of natural gas in power plants and an average contribution from hydro -electric sources. Represents total pounds emitted per year by all commercial development at buildout. The industrial uses whicb will occur in the planning area at. General Plan buildout are best described as "warehouse' and "miscellaneous" in the CEQA Handbook. For the purposes of this. analysis, it is assumed that warehouse development will account for approximately 25% of all industrial development at General Plan buildout, and the remaining 75% can be considered as "miscellaneous" industrial development. Projected industrial -related emissions from power plants axe illustrated in the following table. TN/CSity of La Quinta • Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section IQ - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table HI-23 Power Plant Emission Projections for Industry Development at Bu ut (Lbs. per 1001) kwh) Estimated Total Annual Electric Usage: 258,441,297 kwhlyear* Pollutant Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur Particulates - Reactive Monoxide Oxides Oxides Organic Gases 258,441 258,441 258,441 258,441 258,441 Factor x 0.20 x 1.15 x 0.12 x 0.04 x 0.01 Lbs./Year 51,688.3 297,207.5 31,4313.0 - 10,337.7 2,584.4 *Usage factor based on the following breakdown of commercial square footage, kwtblsquare foot usage and emission factors: warehouse - 7,208,962 sq, ft. 435 kwhlsq. R.; Miscellaneous - 21,626,887 sq. ft C 10.50 kwhlsq. ft., as provided in Appendix A9-11-A of the CBQA Air Quality Handbook, April 1993. Source: CEQA Air Quality Handbook, prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. Appendix to Chapter 9, Tables A9-11 A and A9-11-B. Assumes continued availability and use of natural gas in power plants and an average contribution from hydro -electric sources. Represents total pounds ernittcd per year by all commercial development at bui]dout. The following three tables provide projections of emissions associated with natural gas consumption at General Plan buildout, These emissions are based on average monthly consumption factors established by The Gas Company, formerly Southern California Gas Company, and applied by the SCAQ ID. The same pollutants which were projected for power plant emissions in the tables above are calculated for natural gas emissions. As with power plant emissions, consumption factors vary with the type of ]and use. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ffit. Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table 11I-24 Emissions Associated with Natural Gas Conswnption for Residential Development at Bufldout (Lbs. per 106 Cu. Ft.) Single Family DUs = 6,665.E cflunitlrno x 73,976 du =493,050,040 eft/no Multi -Family DUs = 4,011.5 cffunitfmo x 4,976 du 19.961.224 cflm TOTAL = 513,011,264 cflmo Pollutant Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur Particulates Reactive Monoxide Oxides Oxides Organic Gases Factor 513 513 513 513 513 x 20.0 x 80.0 negligible x 0.20 x 5.3 Lbs./Month 10,260.2 41,0 40.9 negligible 102.6 2,719 Source: CEQA Air Quality Handbook, prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993, Tables A9-12 A and A9-12-B, Appendix to Chapter 9. Table III-25 Emissions Associated with Natural Gas Consumption for. Commercial Development at Ruilclout (Lbs. per 106`Cu. Ft.) Estimated Total Monthly Natural Gas Usage: 56,513,483 coma* Pollutant .Carbon Nitrogen . Sulfur Particulates Reactive Monoxide Oxides Oxides Organic Gases Factor 56.5 56.5 56.5. 56.5 56.5 x 20.0 x 120.0 negligible x 0.20 x 5.3 Lbs./Month 1,130.3 6,781.6 negligible 11.3 299.5 41/4 Usage factor based on the following breakdown of commercial square footage, cfl9q. ft./month and emission factors: Retail-15,501,497 sq. ft. ® 2.9 of/sq. ft./month (mcludes retail, restaurant and food store land uses); Office - 2,1105,142 sq. ft. @ 2.0 cffsq. ft./month; and Hotel/Motel 1,531,012 sq. ft. CAI 4.8 cfisq. ft./month, as provided in Appendix A9-12-A and A9-12-B of the CEQA Air Quality Handbook, .1993, Source: CEQA Air Quality Handbook, prepared by South Coast Air Quality MMianagement District, April 1993. 111-136 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EM Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-26 lnisslous Associated with Natural Gas Consumption for Industrial. Development at Buiidout (Lbs. per 106 Cu. Ft.) Estimated Total Monthly Natural Gas Usage: 138,412,05 cflmo* Pollutant Carbon Nitrogen SulfurParticulates Reactive Monoxide fides Oxides Organic Gases 138.4 138.4 138.4 138.4 138.4 Factor x 20.0 x 120.0 negligible x 0.20 x 5.3 Lbs./Month 2,768.2 16,609.4 negligible 27.7 733.6 * Usage factor based on the following breakdown of commercial square footage, cflsg. ft.Imonth and emission factors: Industrial - 28,835,849 sq. ft. @ 4.8 cflaq. ft/month (highest commercial us age factor), as provided in Appendix A9-12-A and A9-12-B of the cEQA Air Quality Handbook., 1993. Source: CEQA Air Quality 1-andhaak, prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. Moving Emissions A comprehensive traffic impact analysis wss prepared by RKJK & Associates to evaluate the potential traffic and circulation impacts associated with bnildout of the proposed General Plan (see Appendix F). According to the traffic study, buildout of the planning area is expected to result in approximately 1,200,150 vehicle trips per day. Moving emissions associated with project buildout are shown. in Table fII-27. Total vehicle emissions are calculated using emissions factors provided by the California Air Resources Board EMFAC7O Model, in which emissions am projected to Year 2005. Actual per rile e.rnissions over subsequent years can be expected to be reduced as combustion technology improves and reduces vehicle emissions. TNtcity of La Quinta Comprehensive Generai Plan/Draft EIR Section M - Envirenmentst Impacts and Mitigation • Table III-27 Moving Exhaust Emission Projections at Buildout (pounds/clay) Total Vehicle Trips/Day Ave. Trip Length (miles) Total Miles/Day 1,200,E50 ?4 3 — 3,600,450 Pollutant It1110 PX110 PMI0 ROG CO NO Exhaust Tire Wear Brake Wear Pounds at S0 mph 715.32 18,598.35 3,815.05 79.48 79.48 Based on California Air Resources Board's EMFAC7G Model_ Assumes Year 200$ summertime running conditions at 75'F, light duty autos, catalytic. 'Summary of Impacts The following table summarizes the potential generation and emission of pollutants associated with buildout of the planning area, including those from power plants, the consumption of natural gas and vehicular emissions. III-138 1liC ity of La Quinn Comprehensive General IlarilDraft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table ]IT 28 Anticipated Cumulative Daily Project -Related Emissions Associated with Buildout of the Proposed General Plan (lbs.lday) Stationary Moving Threshold Source Emissions Source Emissions Criteria* Total Total Power Natural Gas Vehicles Pounds Pounds Plants Consumption at 50inph Per day Per Day Carbon Monoxide 570.9 471.9 18,598.4 19,640.2 550.00 Nitrogen Oxides 3,283.0 2,183.6 3,815,1 9,281.7 100.00 Sulfur Oxide 342.4 nia rt/a 342.4 150.00 Particulates 114.2 4.7 158.96 277,86 150.00 RG Gs 28.6 125.1 715.3 869.0 75.00 * Threshold criteria offered by the South Coast Air Quality Management District for assistance in determining the significance of air quality impacts. Source: "CEQA Air Quality Handbook," prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. The table above summarizes the worst -case projected emissions associated with buildout of the proposed General Plan. As shown in the table, threshold criteria for all pollutants are erected to be exceeded. However, these emissions are expected to be adequately mitigated through the implementation measures described below, The impacts anticipated from buildout of the proposed General Plan will constitute an incremental increase in the air pollutants affecting the Coachella Valley aid the City of La Quinta. Given that most of the City*s electrical power is generated in air basins outside the Coachella Valley, projects occurring within the City limits will also contribute to cumulative air quality impacts in other regions. It is important to note that the emissions described in the table above will be spread over the long- term life of the General Plan, and will not .be emitted during a single quarter or in any short-term or concentrated manner. It is expected that future vehicle emissions will become more efficient in the future, as new combustion technologies are introduced. However, the impact of new technologies is difficult to anticipate, and even projected future rates of emissions for vehicular traffic cannot be considered definitive. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment The proposed annexation and sphere of iafluence areas are not expected to result in significant air quality impacts in the near -term. Although several development projects, including the Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch Specific Plan areas, have been approved in these areas, no significant development is expected to occur in the annexation or SO1 areas in the immediate future. TN/City of La Quints Cemprehensive General PlaniDraf EIR Section III - Environnlenta3 impacts and Miligadon Nonetheless, future development has the potential to adversely impact local and regional air quality over the long term. Land use incompatibilities may ,arise where urban and agricultural lands are adjacent to one another. Fugitive dust generated by disking, plowing, and other agricultural operations could create a nuisance for neighboring development, and fugitive dust generated during the grading and construction phases of new development could adversely impact neighboring farmlands. The City must assure that all parties are in compliance with applicable air quality standards and procedures, as well as the mitigation measures described below. Fugitive Dust Emissions The proposed annexation area. includes approximately 1,260 vacant acres, and 2,700 acres which are cureently ut agriculture. About 174 of these acres will not involve significant development, grading or land disturbance, as they are designated for Open Space, Goff Course Open Space, and Park Facilities. Upon annexation, the remaining 1,06 vacant acres and much of the agricultural acreage could be developed, and depending on site -specific soil characteristics, acreage, development plans, climatic conditions, and the use of dust suppression techniques, they have the potential to generate large quantities of fugitive dust. The sphere of influence area contains approximately 1,315 acres of vacant land, and 5,011 acres currently itt agriculture. Should the SO1 amendment area be annexed into the City in the future, about.148 of these acres would be designated as Open Space and would nut be available for development. The remaining 1,167 acres of vacant land and those lands in agriculture would he designated for urban uses and could potentially be developed. The South Coast Air Quality Management District estimates that die disturbance of one acre of land results in the generation of 26.4 pounds of dust per day. With 1,086 vacant acres and 2,700 acres in agriculture, that could potentially be disturbed by future development, buildout of the annexation area could generate any estimated 99,950 pounds of fugitive dust per day. Applying this factor to the 6,178 developable acres in the SOI area yields a total dust generation potential of approximately 163,099 pounds per day. Altogether, the annexation area and SO' could generate 263,049 pounds of fugitive dust. This is a cumulative estimate, which represents emissions generated by all development projects during the entire buildout process. Actual emissions will be spread over the long-term, on a project -specific basis, and can be expected to be spread over many decades. Cumulative Daily Project -Related Emissions Buildout of the annexation area will also result in the generation of power plant emissions, emissions associated with the consumption of natural gas, and moving exhaust emissions from motor vehicle trips. The impacts are included in the tables above, and will not be in excess of those numbers shown in Table 11I-8. The annexation area and SOI represent 40% of the General Plan's residential development potential, and 23.5%, of the General Plan's commercial development potential. These two areas can therefore be expected to generate proportional air emissions as they develop. Given the exceedances in daily thresholds shown in Table I11-28, and that buildout of the annexation area and SOI will occur over the. long term, it can be expected that buildout of these areas will cumulatively impact air quality, and exceed daily thresholds.. These emissions, however, will be spread throughout the buildout process, as new development occurs. m-t40 TN/city of La Quinta ComprAcnsive General PlanflJraft EIR Section l7Y - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with air quality. As previously stated, advances in technology, and the refinement of pollution control devices, are expected to improve over time, When combined with the mitigation measures below, the impacts of air pollution can be reduced to an acceptable Ievel. 3. Mitigation Measures The South Coast Air Quality Management District is responsible for coordinating with the City of La Quinta and CVAG to monitor regional pollutant levels and regulate air pollution sources. However, air quality management is an ongoing process, and the City must play an active role in determining how .to mitigate development activities which have the potential to negatively impact local and regional air quality. A variety of mitigation measures can be employed throughout the Iife of the Draft .General Plan to reduce project -related po]]utant emissions. The implementation and updating of California. Title 24 Building Codes, and the more efficient use of energy in general, can be expected to reduce the impacts of pollutant emissions from power plants and the consumption of natural gas. Alternative methods of electrical power generation have and will continue to replace the need for additional fossil fuel -based generating capacity. It is safe to presume that improved efficiency in combustion technology and overall reductions in air pollutants can be expected in the future. The State of California has implemented mandatory smog checks for automobiles, which are intended to help assure compliance with existing emissions standards. Cleaner fuels and more efficient automobiles are expected to continue to evolve. Nonetheless, a number of actions can be taken to further reduce the various long -tom operational impacts on air quality. The mitigation measures listed below will most likely be required for all future development projects in the planning area. A. The City shall participate, through CVAG and SCAQMD, in the monitoring of all pollutants of regional concern, and shall maintain records of regional air quality trends. B. Development and grading permits shall be reviewed and conditioned to require the provision of aft available methods of assuring minimal pollutant emissions from the proposed project. The Community Development Department shall review grading plan applications to assure compliance with mitigation measures set forth in this EIR, as well as those otherwise conditioned by the City. C. The Land Use Element of the General Plan shall be developed and routinely updated to locate air pollution point sources, such as industrial facilities, away from residential areas and other sensitive receptors. D. Wherever practical, particularly in major project planning, buffer zones shall be provided between sensitive receptors and point source emitters such as highways, hazardous material locations and. industrial sources. 111-141. TN/City of La Quxntft Comprehensive General PlaniDraf'tSLR Section TTL - Environmental Lmpacts and Mitigation E, The City shall encourage the phasing and staging of development projects to assure the lowest construction -related pollutant emission levels practical, and shall require the use of water truck, temporary irrigation systems and other measures which will limit fugitive dust emissions during site disturbance and construction. P. The City shall initiate and encourage the use of alternative, clean energy sources for transportation, heating and cooling. Pilot studies and/or demonstration programs shall be initialed in order to promote these uses. G. The Cityshall strive to maintain a balance between housing, commercial and industrial growth, and shall encourage mixed use development within the planning area to reduce the length of vehicle trips and associated moving vehicle emissions. H. The City shall promote the development of pedestrian -oriented retail centers, community - wide trails and dedicated bike lands to encourage alternatives to motor vehicle travel, These components shall be integrated and periodically updated in the General Plan Circulation Element. I. The City shall pursue programs that reduce construction and operations related emissions by regulating development and creating a diversified transportation system which minimizes vehicle miles traveled and reduces the impact of motor vehicles on local air quality. J. The City shall conduct and initial study for all projects which exceed any of the SCAQMF pollutant emission threshold criteria, and shall require detailed air quality analyses for all applications which have the potential to adversely affect air quality. K. Participate in the continueddevelopment and coordination of mass transit services linking residential, shopping, resort and commercial centers of the City, and coordinate with CVAG, Southern California Association of Gavernrnents, and the Sunline Transit Agency to improve and optimize regional transportation services. L. The City shall review individual projects under CEQA utilizing the control efficiencies provided on pages 1.1-13 through 11- 2 of the 1993 SCAQMD CEQA Handbook to determine the effectiveness of proposed air quality mitigation measures. M. Support the implementation of the air quality control measures identified in the Coachella Valley PM10 State Implementation Plan. N. Encourage developers to adopt ride -share, vanpool, flex -time and telecornmuter programs to reduce peals, hour vehicular traffic,. D. A PM10 Management Plan for construction operations shall be' submitted with all development proposals. The plan shall include dust management controls such as: • water site and equipment morning and evening • spread soil binders on site, unpaved roads, and parking areas • re-establish ground cover on constmction site through seeding and watering • pave construction roads, where appropriate • operate street -sweepers on paved roads adjacent to site 171:-142 TN/City a La Quinta Comprehensive General Ern Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation P. To reduce construction -related traffic congestion, developers and contractors shall: • configure construction parking to minimize traffic disturbance Q. • minimize obstntction of through -traffic lands • provide a flag person to ensure safety at construction sites, as necessary • schedule operations affecting roadways for off-peak traffic hours • provide rideshare incentives to construction personnel To minimize construction equipment emissions, developers shall: • wash off trucks leaving the site • require trucks to maintain two feet of freeboard • properly tune and maintain construction equipment • use low sulfur fuel for construction equipment R. To minimize indirect -source emission, developers may: • implement energy conservation measures beyond state and local requirements • install low -polluting, high -efficiency appliances • install solar pool and water heaters, where feasible • landscape with appropriate drought -tolerant species to reduce water consumption and provide passive solar benefits - • install energy efficient street lighting S. To minimize building energy requirements, developers shall implement the following: • improve the thermal integrity of buildings • utilize window glazing, wall insulation, and efficient ventilation methods • introduce efficient heating and other appliances, such as water heaters, cooking equipment, refrigerators, furnaces and boiler units • incorporate appropriate passive solar design and solar heaters • use devices that minimize the combustion of fossil fuels Mitigation Mo>nitoringlReporting Program A. The Community Development Department shall continue to coordinate with CVAG and the South Coast Air Quality Management District to facilitate the maintenance and expansion of the Coachella Valley's existing air duality monitoring equipment Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, CVAG, SCAQMD B. The appropriate code enforcement division shall record, consolidate and retain all complaints it receives regarding air quality degradation from vehicle emissions, industrial generators and other sources of air quality impacts. A report on air quality complaints and identified problems shall be provided in the annual review of the General Plan. In addition, development may be temporarily halted until inadequate controls or unacceptable conditions are corrected to the satisfaction of the City andlor SCAQMD. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, CVAG, SCAQMD III.-343 TN/City of La. Qainta Comprehensive General Plan raft HER Section 1'II.- Environmental impacts and Mitigation I . J. Noise The following discussion is largely based upon the findings and recommendations identified in a comprehensive acoustical analysis prepared by RIOT( & Associates for the La Quinta General Plan Update. The study evaluates the existing noise environment in the planning area and projects the future noise impacts associated with General Plan buildout. It is included in its entirety in Appendix E of this document. 1. Existing Conditions The evaluation of noise levels within a community is important to protecting the health and welfare of the general public, and can help define the need for remedial measures for existing noise problems and those associated with future development. Noise has long been accepted as a part of the urbanization process, and is generated by construction equipment, motor vehicles, air and rail traffic, mechanical equipment, household appl graces and numerous other sources. Excessive noise can contribute to both temporary and permanent physical impairments, as well as stress, annoyance and other psychological reactions. The existing noise environment in the City of La Quinta can be ebaractedized as relatively quiet, with the majority of noise being generated by motor vehicle traffic on highways and major arterials. Rail traffic along the Southern Pacific corridor also constitutes an occasional, but less intrusive element to the noise environment, as does air traffic associated with the Bermuda Dunes and Desert Resorts Airports. Noise Rating Systems Noise is most commonly measured with the. A -weighted decibel (dI3A), which is defined as a measurement of the noise energy received while monitoring a noise source. The quiet rustling of leaves, which is _barely audible, typically registers at 10 dBA. A normal .conversation at 5 feet typically measures 55 dBA, while the sound of a jet aircraft taking oft at 200 feet registers at about 125 dBA. A number of noise rating scales are used in California to evaluate land use compatibility. The equivalent sound, or Leq scale, represents the average constant noise level over a given period of time, and is the basis for the Ldn and CNEL scales. The Ldn value represents a summation of hourly Leq's over a period of 24 hours, and includes a weighting factor or penalty for noise occurring in the nighttime period of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. The Community Noise Equivalent Level ( L) represents a 24-hour average noise level which includes a 5 dBA penalty for noises occurring during the evening time period (from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.) and a 10 dBA penalty for noises occurring during the nighttime period (from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m). Motor Vehicle Noise The noise generated by motor vehicles is the primary source of noise in La Quints. The level of noise generated by automobiles, trucks, buses and motorcycles vies according to traffic volumes, the mix of vehicle types, and the traffic spud. Adjacent. to City roadways, the noise environment in W 144 TICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan+Draft YdR Section tII - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation the City and planning area currently ranges from 49.8 to 69.5 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline. Noise monitoring conducted for this General Plan focussed on vehicular noise levels adjacent to City roadways. The following listing describes each of the monitoring sites. The Table below enumerates the location and the monitored noise level. Exhibit 11Z-27 graphically displays these locations. General Plan Monitoring Sites Measurements were taken at eleven locations with the updating of the General Plan. Sites included major transportation corridors, land use transition areas, sensitive receptors and residential neighborhoods. Monitoring was conducted during the daytime hours, in July and September of 1999. Each of the sites monitored is briefly described below. 1.) Country Club Drive and Starlight Lane. This site was located 100 feet south of Country Club, and 100 feet east of Starlight Lane. The noise monitor was located in a vacant parcel, near a residential neighborhood, south of the Interstate 10/Railroad corridor, and east of the Bermuda . Dunes Airport. 2.) Fred Waring and Jefferson: Monitoring was conducted 100 feet north and west of the intersection, 3.) Washington St./La Quints del Oro: Tbis monitoring was conducted 50 feet east of the. Washington Street centerline, across from the Indian Wells Tennis Stadium. The noise measurement was taken immediately west of the existing wall at La. Quhrta del Oro. 4.) Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road: Monitoring was conducted 100 feet south of the Highway 111 centerline, east of the auto mall and west of Dune Pahns Road. 5.) Washington Street and Avenue 50: Monitoring was conducted on the northeast corner of Washington and Avenue 50,100 feet from the centerline of each street. G.) Truman Elementary School: Monitoring was done 100 feet. from the centerline of Avenue 50, between the Truman Elementary School and the Boys and Girls Club. 7.) South End of Cove: Monitoring at this site occurred at 52565 Eisenhower, 100 feet from the centerline of Eisenhower, between Calle Nogales and Celle Chihuahua. 8.) Avenue 52 and Jefferson Street: Monitoring was conducted 100 feet from the centerline of both Avenue 52 and Jefferson Street, at the southeast corner. 9.) Westside School: This monitoring was conducted in front of Westside School, 50 feet south of Airport Boulevard. 1E4,15 T iCity of La Quir<ta Comprehensive General Planfl]ra€t £sIR Sedan 1- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 10.) Coachella Valley Union High School: This monitoring was conducted across the street from the High School, 50 feet from the centerline of Airport Boulevard near Van Buren. 11.) Highway 1117Ther nal: This monitoring was conducted at the southwest corner of Highway 111 and Church Street, east of the Thermal Airport. Table DI-29 -Noise Monitoring at Selected Sites Locations and CNEL Values Location Estimated CNEL 1). Country Club Drive and Starlight Lane 2). Fred Waring and Jefferson 3). Washington StJLa Quinta del Oro 4). Highway 111 and Dune Palms Road 5). Washington Street and Avenue 50 6). Truman Elementary School 7.) South End of Cove 8.) Avenue 52 and Jefferson Street 9.) Westside School 10.) Coachella Valley Union High School .11.) Highway 11 lfl'hermal 65.5 63.3 74_2 66.5 69.3 68.4 61.3 6 7.4 62.3 62.5 69_6 Source: R.KIK & Associates WASHINGTON ST. c01.114 VR17 CLUB DR_ MOVI.EY LN. FRED WARING- VIIIIIP.16 EISENI-1OW R r DR I 0 I AVENIDA 8�1.11�DAS LEGEND, = NOISE MONITORING LOCATION GILL1ON RD. VISTA, DEL SUR AUTO GENTER AVM, 84 r� L _A TERRA NOVA Planning & Research, Inc. City of La Qututa General Plan Noise Monitoring Sites Exhibit 111-27 TNeC:iity of La Quinta Compthensive General PlanJDraft. EIR Section fII - Environmental impacts and mitigation The Interstate 10fRailroad Corridor The Bermuda Dulles portion of the planning area is bordered on the north by the Interstate 1 O/Union Pacific Railroad Corridor. The Thermal planning area is also bordered by the railroad tracks, .which turn southeasterly in the City of Indio. Noise from the corridor currently impacts these areas, and will continue to do so. Noise is generated by the bigh'volume of vehicles on 1-10 traveling at a high rate of speed, and the passage of trains on the rail lines, The noise generated by trains is considerable, but is of short duration and only periodic. Aircraft Noise Aircraft noises impacting the Planning Area occurs at both the Bermuda Dunes and Desert Resorts (Thermal) airports. The Bermuda Dunes airport currently handles 25,332 aircraft operations, and has a direct impact on the northern portion of the City and Planning Area. Plans to expand the. 17-35 runway at the Thermal Airport will have an impact on the eastern Planning Area. These platys were studied for the Thermal Airport Environmental lrupact Report, and Year 2010 noise contours were developed.. Mechanical and industrial Noise In addition to noise generated by vehicular traffic and aircraft, there are other noise generators within the City, which could create significant noise related conflicts. Industrial operations can create substantial noise problems. Loading and transfer areas, outdoor warehousing operations and other unscreened operations will also raise issues of impact and compatibility. Rail transfer operations in the northern and eastern portions of the Planning Area can also be expected to be potentially significant noise generators. Another source of potentially significant noise is from the operation of commercial mechanical equipment, including chillers, refrigeration units and beating/air conditioner equipment associated with commercial centers. Noise from roof -mounted equipment can penetrate into adjacent neighborhoods and impact sensitive receptors. The constant hum associated with fans and compressors can substantially impact outdoor activities and adversely affect the quality of life. Noise Standards and Regulations The Federal Highway Program Manual Vol. 7, Ch. 7, Section 3, 1982 provides a land use compatibility chart for community noise. "Normally acceptable" noise limits are 50 to 60 db for residential land uses (single and multi family dwellings, group quarters, and mobile homes), .and 50 to 65 db for commercial lands uses. Noise levels tip to 70 db are considered "conditionally acceptable" for residential, transient lodging, schools, libraries and commercial uses. However, noise exposure up to only 65 db is considered "conditionally acceptable" for recreational uses. The California Department of Health Services also vides guidelines for establishing compatible land uses and liratiting human exposure to noise,The recommended "normally acceptable" noise limit is 60 dB for residential laud uses (including single family dwellings, duplexes, and mobile homes) and 65 dB for multi -family residential dwellings and transient lodging. Noise levels 53 California Department of Health Services, "Guidelines for the Preparation and Content of theNoise.Element in the General Plan," 1990. 111-L4$ TN/City ofIn Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section m - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation up to 70 dB are "normally acceptable" for commercial land uses. Noise levels up to 70 dB are considered "conditionally acceptable" for residential, lodging. schools, libraries, churches, and hospitals. Other agencies, including the U,S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have also developed maximum noise level standards and recommendations. The California Administrative Code includes noise insulation standards for new multi -family structures within the 60 CNEL contour adjacent toroads; railroads, airports, industrial areas, and rapid transit lines. Acoustic analysis is required to demonstrate that these multi -family units are designed to limit interior noise levels, with doors and windows closed, to 45 CNEL in any habitable room. 2. Project Impacts A computerized noise model was prepared to evaluate the impacts of land use patterns, traffic and development on the noise environment. As noted above, existing conditions were monitored throughout the City and planning area. The table below provides existing and projected General Plan bui]dout conditions at specific locations and along major roadway segments. T'ICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft MR Section 11L - Envir rnmentai Impacts and Mitigation Table III-30 Projected General Plan Buildout Noise Contours Adjacent to City Roadways Roadway Distance to Contours (FT)1 Washington Street North of Avenue 42 South of Avenue 44 South of Highway 111 North of Avenue 50 North of Avenue 52 Jefferson Street North of Highway 111 South of Avenue 48 Madison Street North of Avenue 52 South of Avenue 54 Harrison Street South of Airport Boulevard South of Avenue 60 SR -111 South of Avenue 60 Avenue 44 West of Jefferson Highway 111 West of Jefferson Avenue 48 Wes( of Jefferson Avenue 50 West of Jefferson Bast of Jefferson Avenue 52 West of Jefferson pact of Madison West of Van Buren Airport Boulevard East of Madison West of Van Buren West of SR-111 Avenue 60 West of Fihnore 2000 Condition Buildout 70 dBA 65 dBA, 60 dBA 70 dBA 65 dBA 60 dBA 63 135 291 106 228 491 56 122 262 126 271 585 92 199 428 165 356 766 59 126 272 107 230 494 50 108 283 86 185 399 37 79 171 78 169 364 39 ..84 180 39 84 180 5 10 21 67 143 309 -- �- 94 202 436 108 233 501 90 195 420 -- 55 119 257 -- 71 153 330 100 216 465 78 168 362 28 61 131 65 140 302 23 51 109 58 124 267 30 64 139 74 159 342 17 37 80 62 134 290 56 121 260 52 111 240 68 147 316 79 170 365 33 71 153 1. All distances are measured from centerline. R/W means the contour falls within the right-of-way. Source: RMJK & Associates M-150 TN/City of La Qtainta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Ell Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Traffic Noise Impacts Noise impacts are expected to be primarily generated by increasing traffic volumes as the City proceeds to build out. The La Quinta Traffic Model was used to determine the future volumes projected on major roadways. The average posted speed limits and a percentage mix of light and heavy truck traffic along the roadways are included in the modeling data, as supplied by the City, CVAG, and traffic counts prepared for the General Plan Traffic Study. The noise analysis found that the Recommended Alternative of the General Plan will result in unmitigated noise levels ranging from 61.3 to 73.3 dBA CNEL at 100 feet firma centerline in the City and planning area. Depending on the adjacent land use, mitigation measures will be required to reduce the noise levels to an acceptable level. The General Plan includes a policy which requires that. the City adhere to the noise standards established in Community Noise and Land Use Compatibility, Table 6.1 of the Master Environmental Assessment. This noise standards allows a standard of 65 d13A CNEL for exterior noise levels adjacent to sensitive receptors such as residences, hospitals and convalescent homes. Other Noise Impacts Noise impacts associated with buitdout of the General Plan are likely to also include construction noise, stationary source noise, noise from recreational areas, and noise from other sources. The on- going review of development proposals as they arise will ensure that the City is able to track and mitigate impacts as they occur. Project -specific site design can substantially reduce noise impacts below those projected, and therefore the estimates shown above ate considered to be conservative. A wide range of design options, including roadway engineering, spacing of intersections, parkway widths, berms and walls can be included in future projects to mitigate noise impacts. Railroad Corridor Growth in the number of train trips was estimated by SCAG staff for the post-2020 time period. The estimated 42 trains expected to use the rail line post-2020 will generate a CNEL of 75.1 dBA, at a distance of 100 feet from the track without mitigation. Aircraft Qperations : The Bermuda Dunes airport is expected to increase its annual operations from the current 25,332 to 2,852 anaually, resulting in only a small increase in existing noise ]evels. The resulting noise contours a.re depicted in Exhibit 1II-28. The planned expansion of the Thermal Airport will have an impact on the eastern Planning Area. These impacts are expected north and south of the runways, in areas planned for industrial development in the Land Use Element. Exhibit Il1-29 depicts the noise contours for this airport. Commercial and Industrial Nose The noise generated by commercial and industrial activities will have its most sigaifxcant impact on adjacent sensitive receptors. The review of corrunercial and industrial projects to assure that land use compatibility is maintained will be critical as the General Plan is built out. Substantial progress has been made in noise analysis and mitigation through careful equipment design and ever improving baffling and noise cancellation technologies. m-'51 TN/CilyofLaQuinra Comprehensive General Plan/DT/it EIlt Section ITI. - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation acapstruction Noise Construction noise has a short term impact on adjacent land uses, but can have a significant impact since heavy construction equipment can generate noise levels ranging from 70 to 95 dBA at a distance of 50 feet. As the planning area is built out, construction activity must be included in project -specific mitigation measures to maintain a reasonable noise level both on and off site. i Scala 1:2000 • SOURCE: BERMUOA DUNES A4RPORT NOISE STUDY PREPARED EYAVIATION SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES. INC. ON FEBRUARY 7, 1995. r TERRA NOVA Planning & ReSearc i. IRc. City of La Quinta General Flan Bermuda Danes Airport Noise Contours Exhibit I -28 ,nr 30T DM E an; • qt •L • • •:E 7ti r L • SOURCE: THERMAL AIRPOR EER PREPARED FQFI THE RIVERSICEE COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY • r---1 L _A TERRA NOVA ® Planning & Research, Inc. City of La Quinta General. Plan Thermal Airport Noise Contours Exhibit TNACity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Man/Draft Section 1II - Environmental Impacts and t itigation Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment The existing noise environment in the proposed annexation and SOT amendment areas is relatively quiet and characteristic of a rural, agrarian region. Noise sources ate largely limited to motor vehicle traffic, occasional small aircraft overflights from the Desert Resorts Airport, and mechanical noise associated with household and agricultural equipment. As described earlier m this section of the EIR, existing noise levels were monitored at two locations in the annexation and SOI areas. Existing CNEL levels at these locations were as follows: 1) 62.3 CNEL at Westside School, near the intersection of Airport Boulevard and Monroe Street in the proposed annexation area, and 2) 62.5 CNEL at Coachella Valley Union High School, near the intersection of Airport Boulevard and Van Euren Street in. the SOX amendment area. Buildout of the annexation aid SOI areas has the potential to adversely impact the existing noise environment. Noise impacts are expected to be primarily associated with increasing traffic volumes as the areas develop. A computerized noise model was prepared to evaluate the impacts of proposed land use patterns, traffic, and development patterns at buildout of the General Plan planning area, which includes the proposed annexation and SOI amendment areas. Five of the modeled roadway segments are located within the annexation and/or SOI amendment areas. The anticipated noise contours on these roadway segments are described in the table below. Table III-31 Projected Noise Contours At Buildout of the Annexation and SOI Amendment Areas Roadway Segment Distance to Contours (feet)1 2000 Condition Bulldaut Condition 10 dBA 65 dBA 60 dBA 70 dBA 65 dBA 60 CBA Harrison Street South of Airport Blvd. 108 233 501 South of Avenue 60 90 195 420 Avenue 52 East of Madison St. 17 37 80 62 134 290 West of Van Buren St. 56 121 260 Airport Boulevard West of Van Buren St. -- 68 147 316 1 Ail distances are measured from centeriine. RAW indicates that the contour falls within the right.of way_ Source: RKTK & Associates (see Appendix E of this document). Thedata in the table above represent unmitigated noise levels at 100 feet from the roadway cearnterline. The average posted speed limits and percentage mix of light and heavy truck traffic along these roadways was provided by CVAG and traffic counts prepared for the General Plan traffic study. Depending on adjacent land uses, mitigation measures will be required to reduce noise levels bn some streets to acceptable levels. lII-7 55 TN/City of La Quincy Comprtensive General Plan/Draft HER Section DI -Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Other noise sources in the annexation and SOI areas will include temporary construction noise, stationary source noise, and noise from recreational and other areas. Development immediately south of the Desert Resorts Airport will be impacted by occasional aircraft noise, and the planned expansion of the 17-35 runway will have an even greater impact on surrounding lands. Year 2010 aiaport noise contours are illustrated in Exhibit III 29 and indicate that land between Tyler and Polk Streets, as far south as Avenue 64, wi]1 fall within the 60 dBA noise contour. Some lands immediately south of the airport will fall within the 65, 70, and 75 niBA noise contours. Proposed land uses in this area ate largely limited to open space, industrial, and commercial uses: Nonetheless, site -specific design features, which mitigate noise impacts, may need to be implemented. All noise associated with new development in the annexation and S01 amendment areas will be subject to the City's noise ordinance and other mitigation.tneasures described below, Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with noise. 3. Mitigation Measures There are a variety of strategies available for preserving the City's noise environment, including: land use planning, transportation planning, project design mitigation, simple and acoustical barriers. Noise Ordinance The City has adopted noise standards in Section 9.1.00.210 of its Municipal Code. The ordinance also provides regulations for noise measurement/monitoring and cites special provisions of and exceptions to the ordinance. Violation of the Noise Ordinance are defined as a nuisance and subject to the procedures, remedies and penalties set forth in the City's Nuisance Abatement Ordinance. The Ordinance established an exterior noise standard of 60 dBA, CNEL for residential land uses. The General Plan proposes to amend this standard to 65 dBA CNEL, in conformance with accepted standards in California. The noise standards in the General Plan are intended to guide the location of future noise generators and sensitive land uses. The implementation of the new standard will allow greater flexibility in project planning, and is considered a positive impact. In order to ensure that impacts associated with noise are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: Categorical Mitigation Measures The following discussion describes the specific mitigation measures, which are stated on a categorical basis to address identified impacts. ConstructiouNoise A. All construction equipment operating in the planning area shall be fitted with well maintained functional mufflers to limit noise emissions. B. To the greatest extent feasible, earth moving and hauling routes shall be Located away from nearby existing residences. 1I[-156 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive Getieral Plan/Draft MR Section III - Bnvimmnenral impacts and Mitigation C. Any portion of development in the planning area involving blasting or pile driving operations shall have a focused acoustical study conducted, to establish the level and duration of off -site noise and vibration impacts and appropriate mitigation measures. On-Sitc Stationary Noise Sources D. The design, selection and placement of the mechanical equipment for various buildings within the planning area shall include consideration of the potential noise impact on nearby residences, both within any development and in the surrounding community. E. Silencers and/or barriers shall be provided where necessary at outdoor equipment, such as cooling towers, air cooled condensers and refrigeration compressors/condenser units, and at the air intake and discharge openings for building ventilation systems. F. Appropriate sound barriers shall be provided surrounding any and all public facilities capable of generating disturbing levels of noise, such as water pumping stations. Qff ite Traffic Noise G. Potential noise impacts shall be considered in the final site plans for all proposed projects within the planning area. Factors to be considered shall include the strategic arrangement of housing to provide necessary shielding of outdoor living areas and the incorporation of additional setbacks from roadways or construction of additional noise barriers. H. During the preparation of construction drawings for project -specific development, the exact acoustical specifications for window glass in buildings with unshielded first floor windows and second floor windows shall be determined, 1. Project designs shall be required to include treasures which assure that interior noise levels for residential development do not to exceed 45 CNEL, as required by Title 25 (California Noise Insulation Standards). J. Design of specific projects of all development types, shall include and meet State Code requirements for unit -to -unit airborne sound isolation, both, laterally and vertically, and for vertical impact sound isolation in multi -family residential and hotel construction. K. All commercialand industrial projects which are to be located adjacent to residential land uses or land use designations shall be required to prepare a noise impact analysis which assesses the potential impacts of the project, and provides for adequate mitigation measures to assure that the City standards for residential land uses is maintained. L. The City shall encourage a City-wide circulation pattern which places primary traffic loads on major arterials and preserves local neighborhood noise environments by limiting roadways to local, traffic to the greatest extent practical. III-157 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft M. Sectionfa-Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program Pre -Construction, A. During project -specific site planning and building design, ensure acoustical analysis takes into account: • selection and placement of mechanical equipment for all buildings, • shielding & buffering of mechanical equipment for all buildings, • strategic location of attached residences to provide for shielding of outdoor living areas, • theme wail is constructed to noise barrier specifications, • mechanical ventilation and cooling are provided in all units which. experience out door noise levels above CNEL 65, in order to maintain interior noise levels below CNEL 45, • Designate acceptable truckiconstruction equipment romte(s), as appropriate, • Construction drawings shall include exact acoustical specifications for window glass in buildings with unshielded first and second floor windows which experience noise exposures above cNEL 65 and, • verify that design plans of specific projects within the planning area comply with State Code requirements of unit -to -unit airborne sound isolation Responsible parties: Developer, general contractor and Building and Safety Department. During Construction B. Ensure functional mufflers on all construction equipment. Responsible parties: Developer, general contractor and Building Department. C. Ensure that designated truck routes are being utilized. Responsible parties: General and grading contractors, Building Department. D. Ensure construction equipment operates during the hours set in the Noise Ordinance, except in emergencies. Responsible parties: General contractor and the City Building Department, E. In areas subject to potentially significant noise impacts, the City shall require new development to monitor and document compliance with all applicable noise level limits. Responsible Agency: Community Development Department F. Periodically review land use patterns and the comnnunity noise environment, and amend the Land Use map as appropriate to assure reasonable land uselnoise compatibility. Responsible Agency. Community Development Department; planning Commission; City Council G Designate acceptable truck/construction equipment route(s), as appropriate_ Responsible parties: City of Building and Community Development Departments. f-158 TN/City of La Quintet Comprehensive General Han/Draft ER Section III - Eavirorunenta] Impacts and Mitigation K. ViaualImpacts I. Existing Conditions Regional Setting The Coachella Valley and City of La Quinta are located in a region characterized by exceptional mountain and open space views, The low desert basin in which they occur has been created by seismic activity, which has raised the surrounding terrain to forme the San Jacinto, Santa Rosa, San Bernardino and Little San Bernardino Mountain Ranges, Mount San Jacinto, which rises to 10,8.04 feet, and Mount San Gorgonio which occurs at an elevation of 11,502 feet, are the area's two highest peaks and dominate the north end of the Valley_ Large and smaller scale alluvial fans, and sandy/rocky washes emanate from the Mountains. The valley floor is largely composed of sand dunes and fields, and extends to the Salton Sea at an elevation of about 228 feet below sea level. The San Bernardino Mountains form the. northwesterly edge of the Coachella Valley, and occur more than fifteen miles from the La Quinta planning area. This more distant Lange trends roughly east -west and is often snow-covered in winter months. While the highest peaks of this range are visible from the northern portion of the planning area, they occur at some distance from La Quinta and do not have an immediate impact on the City's viewsheds. The Little San Bernardino Mountains form the northerly boundary of the Coachella Valley, and he approximately ten miles north of the,planning area. Although this range reaches lower elevations than other ranges in the region, it provides a sense of scale to the valley floor and exhibits a rich display of textures and colors in Iate afternoon. This range is generally visible from the planning area, although views may be blocked by development and vegetation. The north -south trending San Jacinto Mountains comprise the southwesterly boundary of the Coachella Valley. This fault -controlled mountain range occurs approximately fifteen miles west of La Quints, creating the steepest gradient in North America. Numerous peaks rise to about 9,000 feet, and offer drarnatic scenery from the valley floor. This range does not directly impact viewsheds within the City, given its distance from the planning area and its partial obstruction by the intervening Santa Rosa Mountains, The Coachella Valley and City of La Quinta are bounded on the south by the Santa Rosa Mountains. The highest peaks in this range include Toro Peak, which rises to 8,717 feet, and Santa Rosa Per at .8,000 feet. Other highly visible peaks include Haystack Mountain at 3,808 feet, Asbestos Mountain at 5,265 feet, and Martinez Mountain at 6,54E feet. State Highway 111 generally follows the base of the Santa Roses, which.provide a strildng backdrop to the built environment on the valley floor. This range and its role in the La Quinta area are discussed in more detail below, The Indio Rills are located approximately five miles north of the planning area, and south of the Little San Bernardino Mountains. Edom Hill rises to an elevation of 1,614 feet. Limited portions of this roughly east -west trending range are visible from the Bermuda Dunes area. However, the Indio Hills are upgradient.from the planning area, and views may be obstructed by existing development and wind rows along the Union Pacific rail corridor. 111159 TN/City of La Qainta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section Ili - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • Local Setting Within the planning area, elevations range from a low of about 190 feet below sea level in the southeastern portion of the planning area, to a high of about 1,600 feet above sea level at the peak of the Coral Reef Mountains. The Santa Rosa Mountains form the westerly boundary of the City, with the Coral Reef Mountains extending north to Avenue 52 to form the easterly edge of the Cove_ The City's hillside terrain consists of steep, rocky slopes which provide unique, dramatic viewsheds within the planning area. The proximity of the mountains to development on the low-lying valley floor contributes to the high sensitivity of the City's visual resources. The Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains are of particular value to the Cove community, which is bounded by the mountains on the immediate west, south and east, The northerly Portion of the planning area is characterized by low-lying sand dunes and fields. Given that this area is largely developed, it exhibits rather low visual sensitivity other than views of the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, and distant views of the Indio Hills and Little San Bernardino Mountains to the north. The eastern portion of the planning area consists of flat terrain, which slopes gently to the southeast. Much of this area has been developed or is in active cultivation. Views from developed areas are generally limited by buildings, block walls and other structures within the built environment. Agricultural lands can be considered moderately sensitive visual resources, as they preserve a sense of open space and provide a clear line of sight to surrounding terrain. Although surrounding viewsheds may be obstructed by dense date palm groves, these groves symbolize the agricultural heritage of the planning area, provide relief from the low-lying, sparsely vegetated valley floor, and can constitute a valuable visual resource in and of themselves. 2. Project Impacts Implementation of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the continued development of a variety of residential, commercial and limited industrial structures, as well as golf courses and other resort developments. With the exception of hotelslmotels and other specialty structures, development facilitated by the Plan is expected to continue to be limited to low and medium density, low elevation structures. A number of low density residential sites will be located within master planned communities and will benefit from consolidated open space, consistent architectural themes, and limited building heights. Regardless of the type of development that occurs, new structures, signage, parking lots, utility infrastructure, lights and other elements of the built environment will result in additional visual impacts which could adversely affect surrounding viewsheds, either partially or wholly. Continued urbanization in undeveloped areas will change the topography and appearance of the valley floor from sandy substrate and alluvial fans with natural desert .vegetation to a man-made built environment, New development, particularly that which occurs in the eastern portion of the planning area where development is limited and agricultural Iands predominate, will create increased light and glare resulting from residential, commercial and industrial activities. Increased traffic will generate additional headlights and lighting levels on local roadways. TNICity of La Quirt Comprehensive General Plait/Draft E1R Section M - Environ ,ental Impacts and Mitigation The proposed General Plan addresses these potential impacts through a series of policies and programs that are directed at maintaining the City's character, including its agricultural, historical and resort residential elements, as well as the scenic value of the surrounding mountains. The Plan either directly regulates development, or mandates the development of zoning and other regulatory codes that assure detailed City staff review and discretionary approval ofbuilding heights and other esign features. Although the precise location of future development cannot be definitively established at this time, current trends indicate that a substantial amount of urbanization may be concentrated in the south- central portion of the planning area. Continued development in this area and lands further east could remove agricultural lands from cultivation, or indirectly impact remaining agricultural lands which provide a sense of open space and serve as an important link to the City's agricultural past. Under the proposed General Plan, lands in this area are generally designated for low density residential development with an agricultural overlay that reinforces the City's commitment to maintaining existing agricultural land uses. Agricultural lands within the_ overlay area shall be allowed to continue until such time as the owner chooses to develop. The proposed General Plan Land Use Plan designates the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as Open Space with a Hillside Overlay. These designations effectively restrict development and allow for only discretionary approval of trails, trailheads and similar features. The Plan also calls fox the continued implementation of the City's Hillside. Conservation Zone Ordinance, which prohibits development on steep slopes. These measures will limit development to the valley floor and preserve the high visual quality of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment The annexation and SDI amendment areas are comprised of generally flat terrain, which slopes gently to the southeast. Much of the area is in active cultivation, although a moderate degree of development bas occurred., including low and medium -density residential, golf course, commercial, and light industrial projects. The steep, rocky slopes of the Coral Reef Mountains are bnmediately adjacent to the southwestern corner of the annexation area, near the intersection of Avenue 60 and Madison Street, and are visible from elsewhere in the annexation and SOI areas. Date palm groves and other agricultural lands provide visual relief from the low-lying, sparsely vegetated valley floor, enhance the sense of open space in the region, and represent the region's agricultural heritage. Buildout of the annexation and SOI amendment areas is expected to have an adverse impact on the visual and aesthetic resources of the area. In particular, the potential conversion of agricultural lands to very low and low -density residential development will transform the rural flavor of the area to that of a developed urban community. Existing viewsheds may be obstructed by buildings and other structures, and the existing sense of open space will be diminished. Elements of the built environment, including signage, utility infrastructure, and paved surfaces are also expected to contribute to the overall degradation of existing visual resources. Other impacts may include increased light and glare associated with household vehicle headlights, headlights, streetlights, illuminated signage, building materials and architectural coatings. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Euvlrom ,enta1 Impacts and Mitigation These potential impacts am not expected to affect the annexation and SOI areas in the immediate future, but will occur gradually, as new development takes place. It is unclear whether, and to what extent the conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses will occur. Nonetheless, over the long-term, continued development in this portion of the valley could constitute. a significant impact to valuable scenic resources. The proposed land use plans for the annexation and SOI areas have been designed to maintain consistency with existing General Plan designations, and to minimize potential visual and other environmental impacts. Aside from the mix d-use development approved for the Kohl Ranch and Coral Mountain Specific Plan areas, future development is largely restricted to very low and low - density residential development, at maximum densities of 2 units per acre and 4 units per acre, respectively. All development will be restricted to low elevation structures, similar in character to the development which currently occurs in the City, An agricultural overlay has been applied to nearly all these lands to allow existing agricultural activities to continue at the discretion of the landowner. Approximately S% of the SOI area has been dedicated to Open Space, and about 11% of the annexation area has been designated for Open Space, Park Facilities, and Golf Course Open Space. Development within master planned communities, such as the Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch Specific Plans, will include consolidated open space. These planning mechanisms will help minimize, but will not prevent, potential visual impacts from occu ing in the annexation and SOI areas_ The mitigation measures provided below will also help miniud potential visual impa.cts. Without mitigation, bu i]dout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence .Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with visual impacts_ 3. Mitigation Measures The proposed General Plan enhances the City's ability to regulate and prevent significant viewshed impacts from occurring as a result of future development, while also mandating continued protection of the City's visual resources. In order to ensure that impacts associated with visual impacts are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. New development shall incorporate landscape designs and materials that complement the native desert environment. B. Overhead utility lines shall be uudergrounded to the greatest extent possible through the establishment of an undergrounding program and guidelines, C. The City shall coordinate with utility providers, including but not limited to the Imperial Irrigation District, The Gas Company, and GTE California to assure that utility infrastructure, including water wells, substations, and switchingfcontroi facilities are effectively screened to preserve scenic viewsheds and limit visual clutter. 111-I62 intity of La Quint& Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section EI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation D. Outdoor lighting shall be limited to the minimum height, number of fixtures, and intensity needed to provide sufficient security and identification in each development, making every reasonable effort to protect the community's night shies. E. Signage shall be limited to the locations, sizes, and maintenance requirements necessary to provide functional identification, .'. The General Plan Land Use Map shall designate the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as Open Space with a Hillside Overlay. G. Lands which are currently in cultivation shall be designated with an Agricultural. Overlay in the General Plan Land Use Map, and shall be permitted to remain in agriculture until such time as the property owner decides to develop. H. Should agricultural lands be converted to urban land use.s, elements of the past agricultural uses, such as date palm groves and citrus orchards, shall be incorporated into on -site open space areas, streetscapes and landscape designs. I. Commercial and mixed use development projects shall incorporate safe, convenient vehicular and pedestriancirculation, screened outdoor storage/loading and other unsightly areas, protected and enhanced outdoor seating areas, appropriate lighting levels, limited signage, and landscaping designs that preserve and enhance visual resources. J. Planning and design of residential neighborhoods and street corridors shall provide distinctive and characteristic design elements, such as entry monumentation and landscaping, which preserve and enhance the viewsheds enjoyed from these areas. K. Commercial and mixed use development shall be designed with particular attention to limiting the lighting impacts an adjacent residential neighborhoods. L. Development proposed along designated scenic highways, roadways and corridors shall be reviewed for compatibility with the natural and built enviromnents to assure maximum viewshed protection and pedestrian and vehicular activity. M. All grading and development proposed within scenic viewsheds, including hillsides, shall be regulated to minimize adverse impacts to these viewsheds. N. The City shall establish and implement urban design development standards which protect scenic viewsheds and enhance community cohesion,. Development standards shall address signage, landscaping, setbacks, building facades, vehicular and pedestrian access and related issues. The City shall assure that private. and public sector development projects comply with these standards. 111-163 'l City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan1Dra#tt Section III - Environmental Impacts tss and Mitigation Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The City shall maintain and amend a comprehensive Zoning Ordinance and other regulatory documents which define the design parameters to which public and private development projects must conform. Application packages shall be maintained to guide the preparation of Specific Plans, Conditional Use and other permits, and to assure a thorough review of all community design issues. _ Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Planning Commission, City CounciL B. The Zoning Ordinance shall maintain design standards for multifamily developments, including Planned Residential Developments (PRDs), that assure a variety of design possibilities, the provision of safe and secure common open space, adequate parking and appropriate automobile storage, a comprehensive landscape program, perimeter walls and fencing where appropriate, and neighborhood -enhancing design. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Planning Commission, City Council. L. Public Services and Facilities Schools 1. Existing Conditions Residents from the City of La Quints and the General Plan planning area are served by two public school districts: the Desert Sands Unified School District, and the Coachella Valley Unified School District. The Desert Sands Unified School District serves students living west of Jefferson Street and north of Avenue 48. The Coachella Valley Unified School District serves residents in the remaining planning area,which encompasses all lands east of Jefferson Street and south of Avenue 48. Desert Sands Unified School District (DSUSD) currently operates a total of give schools within the General Plan planning area, including three elementary schools, one middle school and one high school. Each school's student enrollment figures for the 1999-2000 school year as well as the current maximum capacity are shown in the table below. }OE 164 xh/ty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft BR Section III - Environmental Impacts and mitigation Table III-32 Total School Enrollment for Desert Sands Unified School District Facilities, School Year 1999-2000 School Name Grade Current Max. Level Enrollment Capacity Adams Elementary K-5 750 666 Monroe Elementary K-5 . 658 578 Truman Elementary K-5 . 1,036 . 970 La Quinta Middle 6-8 1,329 900 La Quinta High 9-122 2,027 1,868 TOTAL: 5,800 4,982 Source: Linda Lawson, Desert Sands Unified School District, persona] Correspondence May 23, 2000. The Coachella Valley Unified School District (CVUSD) operates five schools which serve students in the planning area, including two that serves students is kindergarten through eighth grade, one middle school ,and two high schools. Although two of the schools are located outside of the planning area, students residing in the planning area east. of Jefferson utilize these facilities. Maximum capacity and total enrollment for the 1999-2000 school year are shown in Table III 33. Table II1-33 Total School Enrollment for Coachella Valley Unified School District, School Year 1999-2000 School Nave Grade Current Max Level Enrollment Capacity John Kelley School K-8 1,020 792 Westside School K-8 856 678 Cahuilla Desert Academy 7-8 917 990 Coachella Valley High 9-12 2,515 1,725 La Familia Continuation High 9-12 132 47 TOTAL: . 5,440 4,232 Source: Elsa I~squeda, CoaclielIa Valley Unified School District, Personal communication May 23, 2000. Currently the school facilities in both school districts are operating over capacity, as shown in the tables above. DSUSD has about 818 more students than its targeted enrollment, while CVUSD has 1,208 more students, and currently relies on portable classrooms to provide additional space. lYI-1fi5 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive Caeneral Plan/Draft E)R Section III - Environmental Impacts and M'stigation To help reduce overcrowding in elementary schools, CVUSD is currently constructing Mountain Vista Elementary located at the intersection of Hjorth Street and 49th Avenue in Indio . It is due to open in September 2000. CVUSD is also designing a large three school campus, which will have an elementary school, a middle school and a high school. The high school will serve approximately 2,200 students, the middle school will accommodate about 900 students, and the elementary school will serve about 732 students. The campus is still in the planning stages, but construction is expected to begin soon, and it will open by 2001 or 2002.. The Desert Sands Unified School District has no immediate plans to build new schools within the planning area, but two new schools will be constructed just outside the planning area in Indio. Dune Palms Elementary will serve approximately 700 students in kindergarten through fifth grade, and is scheduled to open it .January 2000. Dune Palms Middle School will serve approximately 1,000 students in sixth through eighth grades, and is due to open in September 2001. In 1986, the State Legislature approved AB 2926, which allows school districts to charge development fees for the construction and reconstruction of public schools. The current rates for statutory development fees are $2.05 per square foot of residential development ,and $0.35 per square foot of commercial development. The City of La Quinta supports the collection of statutory school impact fees to fund the construction of local schools. There are several private schools in the Coachella Valley, including Christian School of the Desert, located in Bermuda Dunes. Regional colleges include College of the Desert Community College in Palm Desert, Chapman University in Palm Desert, and the University of California at Riverside. 2. Project Impacts Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the construction of approximately 66,811 dwelling units, 62,779 of which will be single-family home units, and 4,032 will be multi- family units. The table below shows an estimate of. future school enrollment associated with buildout of the General Plan planning area. III-]66 TNiQty of La Quinta Comprehensive Getteral Plan/Draft EIR Section lit - Environmental Tmpacta and Mitigation { Table III-34 Potential School Enrollment at General Plan Buildout Grade Potential Student Buildout Level Bulidout Units Generation Rate Enrollment K-5 Single -Family 73,976 0.2167 16,031 Multi -Family 4,976 0.1321 657 ' 6-8 . Single -Family 73,976 0.1012 7,486 Multi Family 476 0.0474. 236 9-U Single -Family 73,976 0.1176 8,700 Multi Family 4,976 0.0318 158 TOTAL: 33,268 Based on Student Generation Rates, "Residential Develop-ilent School Fee Justification Study for Coachella Valley andDesert Sands School District", June 26, 1998, The table above assumes -that development will occur at a moderate rate, and it uses both existing and potential new dwelling units as a method of calculating buildout enrollment.. While these estimates are useful for projecting Wave school enrollment, actual student enrollment figures could be mote or less according to future levels of development as regulated by the General Plan. Regardless of the actual figures, the number of students generated by General Plan buildout could constitute a significant impact the public schools in the area, and both school districts need to plan accordingly. Desert Sands and Coachella Valley Unified School Districts utilize a funding system which receives fees from developers for school crausta-nction, and currently both have plans for providing additional school sites. Proposed Annexation No, 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment The Coachella Valley Unified School District provides public education services and facilities to the proposed annexation and SOI amendment areas. Buildout of these areas will increase the student population and place additional demands on area schools, Anticipated school enrollment for the annexation and SOI areas are provided in the following tables, 'l"i /Caty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section ]fU -Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-35 Potential School Enrollment At Buildout of Annexation No, 12 Grade Potential Student Buildout Level 8ullduut Units Generation Rate )Enrollment K-5 Single -Family 10,912 0.2167 2,365 Mu1t1-}amity 1,313 0.1321 173 6-8 Single -Family 10,912 0.1012 1,104 Multi Family 1,313 0.0474 62 9.12 Single -Family 10,912 0.1176 . 1,283 Multi -Family 1,313 0.0318 42 TOTAL: 5,029 Based on Student Generation Rates, "Residential Development School Fee Jnsti -ation Study for Coachella Valley and Desert Sands School District," Time 26, 1998. Table III-36 Potential School Enrollment At Bundout of SOI Amendment Area Grade Potential Student Buildout Level Buildout Units Generation Rate Enrollment K-5 Single Family 18,389 0.2167 3,985 Multi -Family - 854 0.1321 113 6-8 Sing1t-FaMly 18,389 0.1012 1.,8.61 Multi -Family 854. 0.0474 40 9-12 Single -Family 18,38 0.1176 2,10 Multi -Family 854 0.0318 27 TOTAL: 8,189 Eased on Student Generation Rates, "Residential Development School Fee Justification Study for Coachella Valley and Desert Sands School Distrit,,• June 26, I998. III- 168 INC* of La Quints • Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR . Section m - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation As shown in the tables above, buildout of the annexation and SOI amendment areas is expected to generate student populations of 5,029 and 8,189 students, respectively. These projections include students living in existing and future dwelling units, and are pact of the projections shown in Table 1-34, which estimates the student population at buildout of the entire General Plan. The number of students in the annexation and SOI areas will increase gradually, as new development occurs. These increases are not expected to. result in significant impacts to CSD schools. The construction of CVUSD's new three -school campus, and the continued use of developer impact fees, are expected to minimize impacts to area schools. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in si_niticant impacts associated with schools. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with schools are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented. A. Developers will continue to be assessed the statutory school mitigation fees for residential and conunnercial development. B. In the event that developers in the planning area attempt to utilize Mello -Roos or other types of public facilities financing districts, both school districts shall be included in discussions to determine whether funding streams may be used for school facilities. The Districts have the following alternatives available to mitigate significant impacts to area schools; Leroy F, Greene State Schoo Building Lease -Purchase Law - This act is an agreement between school districts and the state to provide for the construction, reconstruction, or replacement of school facilities by the State Allocation Board. First priority for future state funding will goto districts with 1) a substantial enrollment in year round schools, 2) the ability to raise 50 percentof project costs, and 3) the opening of a new facility as a year- round school. .,ease -Purchase Arrangements - Many districts may enter into lease - purchase arrangements with private builders of portable classrooms (Section 39240 and 39290 of the State Education Code). This method can also be used 10 finance capital outlay. An additional advantage of lease -purchase agreements is that they offer the benefits of long-term debt financing without obtaining voter approval of special taxes or benefit assessments. Mello -Roos Community Facilities Act- Provisions for this funding option are located in Government Code Section 55311 et. seq. A school district must initiate proceedings to declare itself a community facilities district to benefit from this Act. A community facilities district is defined as a governmental entity established to carry out specific activities within I 169 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Planinraft Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigations specifically defined boundaries. Such a district may engage in the purchase, construction or rehabilitation of any real or tangible property with an estimated useful life of five years or longer. Mitigation Monitoring/ Reporting Program A. The City of La Quinta will consult and cooperate with the Desert Sands and Coachella Valley Unified School Districts to continue to monitor public schools in the planning area, and to determine the extent of overcrowding, security issues, low performance on standardized tests, and other adverse impacts on area schools. Responsible parties: Community Development Department, City Council, Desert Sands Unified School District, Coachella Valley Unified School District B. The Desert Sands and Coachella Valley Unified School Districts will use their discretion in mitigating negative impacts to District schools. Responsible Parties: Desert Sands Unified School District, Coachella Valley Unified School District, Community Development Department Libraries 1. Existing Conditions The La Quinta Public Library is located at 79-OBO Calle Estado and is a branch of the Riverside County Library System. The library facility consists of 4,130 square feet and includes approximately 28,000 volumes. As an additional resource, the library currently has ten computers with Internet access available for public use. Residents of the planning area also use the Indio branch of the Riverside County Library System and the Palm Desert/College of the Desert Library. The County strives to maintain an unadopted standard of 2 volumes and 0.5 square feet ()library space per capita.59 This standard is used to help establish the adequacy of public library facilities. Based on the County's standards, the library is under -served in the number of volumes by about 15,526 volumes, and in the amount of library space by approximately 6,752 square feet. The City has begun construction for a new 10,000 square foot library in the City Hall Building, however the City's current population will still be under -served in library space by approximately 882 square feet. 2. Project Impacts Based on a projected General Plan buildout population of 207,970 residents and the County's unadopted standard described above, the planning area will require approximately 103,985 square feet of library space and an estimated 415,940 volumes at project buildout. These estimates are used for planning purposes, but the actual city population could be less or greater depending on future levels of development. Nonetheless,any significant increase in population would impact library services, and require new support items such as reading tables, staff assistance, and computers. 59 Gary Christmas, Riverside County Librarian, personal communication March 20, 20e0. I>z. 170 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ElR Section III .- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation It is difficult to predict future library needs, especially as technological advances continue to develop. The County Library System will need to monitor library use and the provision of its services as the City grows in order to provide adequate service its residents. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Buildout of the proposed annexation area and SOI are expected to result in a population of 86,537 residents. Applying a target ratio of 2 volumes and 0.5 square feet of library space per capita to the buildout population, the annexation area would be adequately served by a 43,269 square foot libraty facility with approximately 173,074 volumes. The proposed annexation and SOI amendment are riot expected to result in immediate impacts to City library services. Rather, impacts will occur gradually, as new development occurs. It is unclear whether, and to what extent urbanization will occur in this portion of the valley, and the City will need to monitor growth trends in the vicinity to assure the adequate provision of library services and personnel. This may include the construction of a new library facility in the annexation or SOI area in the future. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with libraries. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with libraries arc reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The City and County shall continue to monitor and assess the usage rate and level of services provided at the La Quinta Public Library to determine the need for additional services and facilities. B. The City will consult with Riverside County to determine appropriate mitigation fees. necessary to provide adequate library services. C. The City will consider library needs when assessing developer impact fees in the eastern planning area, if these areas are annexed. Mitigation Monllor.inglReporting Program A. The City and Comity shall monitor and determine utilization and needs of the library to continually provide adequate service to residents of the planning area.. Responsible Parties: City Manager, County Librarian -t7i TN/City of La.Qt into Comprehensive General PlanlDraft EIR Section 111- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Police Proton L Existing Conditions60 The City of La Quinta contracts with. the Riverside County Sheriff's Department for law enforcement services within the City limits. The sheriff station that serves the City is located at 82- 695 Doctor Carreon Boulevard in Indio. It provides residents with police protection 24 hours aday, seven days a week. Deputies currently have a five-minute response time throughout the City. There are three sheriff's units assigned to the City, and each consists of one to two deputies, depending on the time of day. A ratio of one police officer for every 1,000 residents is considered a desirable standard in many communities nationwide. The riverside County Sheriffs Department in Indio also provides police protection to residents within the extended planning area, outside of the City limits. All incidents and patrols occurring within this area are not covered under the City's contract, but are handled by County -beat cars. 2. Project Impacts Implementation of the proposed General Plan may result in a total buildout population of approximately 2.07,970 residents. To maintain a target ratio of 1 deputy per 1,000 residents at General Plan buildout, the Riverside County Sheriff's Department will need a total of 208 deputies, which is an increase of 199 deputies than currently provided. This will require a significant increase in the number of deputies and level of police protection afforded to the residents of the City. An increase in the number of deputies, associated staff, equipment and patrol vehicles could result in substantial costs to the City. However, the demand for additional police protection services will increase gradually, and an increase in City revenue is also expected with General Plana buildout. Actual demand for police protection will be dependent upon future levels of development. Proposed Annexation No.12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Buildout of the proposed annexation area is expected to result in a total population of approximately 33.619 residents. To maintain a target ratio of one deputy per 1,000 residents, the City and County Sheriffs Department will need to dedicate a staff of 33 officers to the annexation area. The anticipated buildout population for the SOT amendment area is approximately 52,918 residents. To. maintain an adequate level of police protection, about 53 officers will need to be assigned to the S0I area. The• actual demand for additional police protection services will depend upon future levels of development. Nonetheless, new development in the annexation and SDI amendment areas will place additional demands on the City and Sheriffs Department, The City will need to continually monitor growth trends in these areas to assure that adequate services are provided. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with police protection. 60 Sgt. John Carlson, Administrative Sergeant. Riverside County Sheriffs Depeatment, personal communication, May 20, 1999. III-172 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Elk Section ffi - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with police protection are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The Riverside County Sheriff's Department shall review new development proposals in order to evaluate project plans and the Department's ability to provide adequate police protection. This review should include, but not be limited to internal circulation, project directories, street names, and numbering systems. New, developments shall comply with established Police Department standards. Provide increased security in residential, commercial, and industrial developments by promoting the utilization of crime prevention measures in project planning which results in "defensible space," or high security designs.. C. - The City shall continue to monitor City population and Sheriffs Department staffing levels to insure that sufficient levels of police protection are afforded. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The Sheriff's Department shall monitor calls in the planning area. The City shall annually review response times and Sheriff Department activity to ensure adequate protection, Responsible parties: Riverside County Sheriff's Department, City Manager. Fire Protection 1. Existing Conditions61 Fire protection is provided to the City of La Quinta and its planning area by the Riverside County Fire Department. The Riverside County Fire Department is rated as Class 4 by the Insurance Service Office (ISO), a private company which rates fire. departments throughout the country. The rating system is on a scale of l to 10, with Class 1 being the highest possible score. Ming of a fire station is based on a variety of safety standards, which include staffing levels, response times, building code standards, and staffing levels. The average response time for all of the City's stations is approximately 5 minutes. The staffing level requirement, as established by the County Board of Supervisors is two paid firefighters per station. All stations serving the planning area meet this standard. A total of seven fire stations with overlapping coverage areas serve the La Quinta General Plan planning area. There is one fire station located within the City limits. Station 70 is located at the comer of 54th Avenue and Madison Street. It houses one fire engine, one brush engine and one rescue squad vehicle. The station is staffed by two paid firefighters and five volunteers. 61 Battalion Chief Doug Mc1Sain, Riverside County Fire Department, P , personal communication, May 2I,194R. fir t73 TN/City of La Quints. Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ffit Secs ion t1I - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Station 88, located in the City of Indio, serves the northeast portion of the City. The station is equipped with one fire engine, two paid firefighters, as well as a 25 member volunteer company that rotates through all India firestations. Station 32, located at Avenida Bermudas and Frances Hack Lane, has two paid firefighters and 12 volunteers. It is equipped with two fire engines, one heavy squad vehicle and one rescue squad vehicle. Station 39 serves the area from Calhoun east to the Coachella Canal, and from Avenue 55 south to Avenue 64, and is located close to the Insert Resorts Airport at 56-925 Tyler Street. It has two fire engines and one water tender, and it is staffed by two paid firefighters and five volunteers. Station 55 serves a limited portion of northwest La Quinta, and is actually a part of Indian Wells Fire Department. The station covers areas from the western City limits east to Adams Suet, and from Highway 111 south to 47th Avenue. It houses a `1telesquirt" (a fire engine with a tall ladder), two paid firefighters and a group of volunteers that rotate between all of the Indian Wells fire stations. .Station 31 is located in Bermuda Dunes at 42nd Avenue and Starlight Lane. It serves all of Bermuda Dunes and northern portions of La Quinta. This station has one fire engine, one squad vehicle, and is staffed by two paid firefighters, as well as fifteen volunteers. Station 81 is the newest addition to the Riverside County Fire Department_ It is located on Washington Street, north, of Interstate-1O,and will be equipped with one fire engine and two paid firefighters.62 This station primarily serves development outside the planning area, but will help to supplement station 31. There are currently no volunteers at this station. 2. Project Impacts An increase in. the demand for fire protection services is expected with the implementation of the General Plan and with the associated increase in buildout population. As the planning area is developed, it will be necessary to determine the need for additional services, including additional personnel, firefighters, fire trucks, rescue vehicles, and fire stations. Development in rural, undeveloped areas could result in the need for new fire hydrants and the extension of water mains. Any expansion of fire services may result in significant costs to the City, therefore it is necessary to thoroughly assess the need for additional stations and equipment as buildout occurs. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Stations No. 70 and 39 are the closest fire stations to the annexation and SOI amendment areas. Station 70 is located at the corner of 54th Avenue and Madison Street, approximately one mile west of the annexation area, Station No. 39 is located on Tyler Street, in the immediate vicinity of the Desert Resorts Airport; about ono mile east of the SOl amendment area. 62 Miguel Rodriguez, Riverside County Fire -Department, personal communication, May 23, 2000, TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EiR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Buildout of the annexation and SOI amendment areas will increase the demand for fire protection facilities, particularly as undeveloped and agricultural lands are converted to urban uses. Given that these areas are largely rural and many properties are not currently connected to CVWD's water delivery system, the extension of water mains and installation of new fire hydrants will be required to provide adequate fire flows to new development. The City will need to monitor urban growth trends in these areas and coordinate with the Riverside County Fire Department and Coachella Valley Water District to assure the timely expansion of facilities and services. This process will include evaluating and implementing funding mechanisms to cover the costs of new services and facilities. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with fire protection. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with fire protection are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The City shah continue to promote close coordination with the Riverside County Fire Department with attention to the thnely expansion of facilities and services. B. Enforce fire codes and other applicable standards and regulations in the course of reviewing building plans and conducting building inspections. C. The siting of industrial facilities which involve the storage of hazardous, flammable or explosive materials shall be conducted in such a trimmer as to ensure the highest level of safety in strict conformance with the Uniform Fire Code and other applicable codes and regulations. D. The Riverside County lire Department, in its review of new development proposals, shall evaluate project plans and the Department's ability to provide proper fie protection. This review shall include, but shall not be limited to, internal circulation, pToiect directories, street names, and numbering systems. New developments shall comply with City and Fire Department standards. Coordinate with Coachella Valley Water District and the Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company to assure adequate water supplies and pressure for existing and proposed development. Health Care Facilities and Services 1. . Existing Conditions The Qeneral Plan planning area has a number of local pliysici.ans' offices and urgent care Facilities. In addition, there are several large health care facilities located in the Coachella Valley and in the vicinity of the General Plan planning area. The closest facility is the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, in Indio. It has 130 patient beds and approximately 85 active physicians. Facilities within III-175 TN/City ofLat inta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III Environmental Impacts and Mitigation the hospital include an intensive care unit (ICU), a cardiac care unit, a physical therapy unit, a 24- hour emergency room, and other specialized care units. Palm Springs is home to Desert Regional Medical Center , a private, non-profit hospital with 305 acute -care beds, a Trauma Center, a 24-hour emergency room, trauma center and outpatient services. The facility includes a Home Health Care department to provide in -home nursing care and household maintenance services. The hospital also operates Hospice of the Desert, which offers services to terminally ill patients. The Eisenhower Medical Center complex in Rancho Mirage is the largest health care facility in the Coachella Valley. It is situated on 98 acres of land, and is home to four facilities: Eisenhower Medical Center, the Betty Ford Center for Chemical Dependency, the Barbara Sinatra Children's Center, and the Annenberg Center for World Health Sciences. In. addition, the Andrew Allen Surgical Pavilion will have ten state-of-the-art operating moms. The medical center has 261 patient beds, and it includes an emergency room, an intensive care unit, a canliac unit, and other specialized care units. 2. Project Iinpacts All health care facilities inside and outside the planning area may he impacted by buildout of the General Plan, and should continue to plan for regional growth. It can be expected that all three Valley hospitals will expand to maintain adequate service as the need is identified. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Although no major health care facilities are located within the boundaries of the proposed annexation and SOI amendment areas, the Coachella Valley region is served by a number of physicians, urgent care centers, and large hospitals. The closest major health facility to the annexation and SOI areas is the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital in Indio, which includes a 24-hour emergency room, cardiac care unit, intensive care unit, and approximately 130 inpatient beds. The combined buildout population of the annexation and SOT amendment areas is expected to be approximately 86,537 residents. All health care facilities in the vicinity tray be impacted by buildout of these areas, although these impacts are expected to occur gradually, as new development occurs. Existing facilities will be required to expand, or new providers to enter the market, as development occurs. 3. Mitigation Measures As privately operated facilities, local and regional medical care facilities will continue to plan for growth, and therefore no mitigation measures are necessary. LL[-176 TN/City of La Qninta Comprehensive General plan/Draft ELR Section Ill- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation - ii Solid Waste Management 1. heisting Conditions The City of La Quinta and Riverside County contract with Waste Management of the Desert for the collection and disposal of solid waste. Service to La Quinta is based on a franchise agreement that is negotiated every five years. Both residential and commercial services are available. Residential pickup is once a week while commercial pickup may be up to six times a week. Solid waste collected in the planning area by Waste Management of the Desert is currently taken to Edom Hill Landfill located on Edom Hill .Road in the Indio Hills. The landfill is operated by Riverside County, and accepts waste from most Coachella Valley communities. The current operating permit allows for a maximum of 2,651 tons per day. From August 31, 1998 to August 31, 1999, the Edom Hill Landfill receives an average of 1,167 tons per day.63 The remaining capacity of the site is estztnated at 1,900,097 tons, and the projected closure date for the landfill is 2004, Solid waste from the Thermal community is collected twice a week and transported to the Mecca Landfill rather than the Edom Hill Landfill, The Mecca Landfill is currently receiving 66 tons of solid waste per day.6" As of January 1997, the remaining capacity of the landfill was 175,020 cubic yards. The projected closure date for the Mecca Landfill is February 2011, however this date may change depending on future levels of waste generation and demands for landfill space. Waste Iv anagernent of the Desert has begun to evaluate other potential disposal sites due to the impending closure of the Edom Hill Landfill, Some of the alternatives being considered include the Eagle Mountain Landfill, the Badlands Landfill, the Lamb Canyon and the El Sobrante Landfills. In September 1997, the Eagle Mountain Landfill .and Recycling Center was approved by the Riverside County Board of Supervisors. It has received ail 20 of its required operating permits and will function as a private enterprise. "Tie landfill will comprise 2,1t acres, with a total volume of 70g million tons. 5 At buildout, the landfill is projected to have a life expectancy of about 100 years. Litigation delays scheduling an opening date at this time. The Badlands Landfill is another alternative site and is owned and operated by Riverside County. It .is located northeast of the City of Moreno Valley off of Highway 60. The total capacity of this site is about 12 million tons, and it receives an average of 4,000 tons per day.66 Two other potential disposal sites are the El Sobraute and Lamb Canyon Landfills in western Riverside County. The El Sobrante Landfill is privately owned and operated and is situated south of the City of Corona, and east ofInterstat 15 and Tetnescal Valley Road. Its maximum daily 63 Kathryn Gifford, Planner III, Riverside County Waste Management Dept., letter correspondence, March 6, 2000. 64 Steve Lech, Riverside County Waste ManageraentDept., personal communication, June 3,1999, 65 Kathryn Gifford, Planner III, Riverside County Waste Management Dept., letter correspondence, March 6, 2000: 66 mid III-177 TNlCity of La Quints Comprehensive, Genera] Plan/Draft FIR Section 11I - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation disposal is 10,000 tons per day, with an overall capacity of approximately 190 million tons.°7 This landfill will serve as a long-term disposal site. The Lamb Canyon Landfill is located between the Cities of Beaumont and San Jacinto. It is owned and operated by Riverside County. It currently is capable of receiving 1,900 tons per day, with an overall capacity of 5.9 million tons.68 Source Reduction and Recycling In 1989, the Integrated Waste Management Act, (AB 939) was passed by the State of California. The objective of the bill is to reduce the amount of solid waste being generated throughout the State. The Iegiislation necessitates that each city and county enforce programs that will reduce, recycle and compost 50% of its solid waste by the year 2000. Waste Management of the Desert has significantly reduced the amount of solid waste disposed of within the planning area through the operation of a. curbside recycling program. The program allows for a weekly collection of recyclable materials including glass, aluminum, and newspaper_ In 1998, the program resulted in the collection of 3,324 tons of solid recyclable material, and 628 gallons of recyclable oil in the City of La Quinta, with a 24% participation rate.69 The program does not currently collect recyclables from Therna].70 However, several privately operated recycling facilities exist throughout the Coachella Valley, and are available for public use. Hazardous Waste Hazardous wastes are generated by industrial, commercial and household operations. However, since there are not many large scale industrial operations within the planning area, households produce the majority of hazardous wastes. Gas stations, dry cleaners, pest control companies and other commercial operations produce small amounts of hazardous waste. Limited quantities are also generated by the use of pesticides and fertilizers on agricultural lands and golf courses. Currently the County does not have a disposal program for commercial generation of hazardous wastes. However lists of contractors who do provide service locally are kept by the Riverside County Environmental Health Depar rent. Household waste disposal services within the planning area are provided by the County. In order to promote proper disposal of household wastes, the Riverside County Department of Environmental Health has the ABOP facility in Palm Springs, as well as a mobile collection unit. Both will accept all types of hazardous wastes with the exception of explosives, bio-hazards, and radioactive materials. Household wastes that are collected include atteries, anti -freeze, waste oil and water - based paint. The mobile collection unit is directed by the Department's Household Waste Program, and it moves to various locations throughout the year to serve the entire Coachella Valley. Z. Project Impacts Implementation and buildout of the proposed Geaeral Plan will increase the generation of solid waste and will heighten the need for disposal sites. Waste Management of the Desert plans on 67 Ibid. 58 Ibid. 69 "t998. Yearly Project Status Report," Waste ]vlanagennent of the Desert, letter to City of La Quinta, dated March 11, 1999. 70 Mary 1oki, Waste _Management of the Desert, June 25, 1999. 111-178 Tlt+ of La Quiuta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation providing service toaccommodate future development. Continued and increased recycling within the planning area will help lessen the impacts to regional landfills and assist with the City's compliance with AB 939. Buildout of the Oeneral'Plau planning area may result in approximately 78,952 dwelling units, which includes both existing and potential residences. Of these, approximately 73,976 will be single-family units, and about 4,976 multi -family units. Buildout could also result in roughly 19,137,651 square feet of commercial development and 28,835,849 square feet of industrial development. Altogether, these lands could generate approxunately 234,238 tons of solid waste per year.71 This estimate assumes moderate density buildout, and actual waste generation may vary, depending on future levels of development at buildout. None of the land uses proposed within the Plan area are expected to create high quantities of solid waste or severe hazardous waste conditions. Buildout of the planning area will occur gradually over time which will allow for assessment of the impacts as they occur. Nonetheless; the project will increase the volume of solid waste generated, and waste management will need to carefully monitor there levels to assure safe and cost-effective disposal of the City's solid waste. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Based on waste generation rates provided by the California Integrated Waste Management Board, it is estimated that existing development in the proposed annexation area generates approximately 2,689 torts of solid waste per year. Applying the same generation rates, buildout of the annexation area is expected to result in the generation of about 26,069 tons per year. Existing solid waste production in the SOI amendment area is estimated to be, approximately 14,414 tons per year. At buildout, development in the S01 area is expected to produce an estimated 53272 tons of solid waste per year. Actual levels of solid waste generated will depend on future levels of development is the annexation and S0I amendment areas. Nonetheless; it is clear that buildout of these areas will substantially increase the generation of solid waste and will heighten the long-term need for disposal sites. Upon annexation, the City will need to expand its contract with Waste Management of the Desert to include pick-up and recycling services to these areas. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with solid waste management. 3. Mitigation Measures Source reduction of waste is the most effective way of lessening the impacts to landfills. The following measures will aid in reducing the amount of waste generated, and therefore mitigate the 71 California Integrated Waste Management Board compilation of waste .generation rates. Rates used are from Ventura County Solid Waste Management Department, "Guidelines for Preparation of Environmental Assessments for Solid Waste Impacts," September 1992; and "DBIR for North Hills Development in Santa Clarks," December 1991. M-179 iCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDraft 1 Section ffl - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation impacts to landfills, as well as promote City compliance with AB 939. In order to ensure that impacts associated with solid waste management are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. All new development shall establish recycling programs as part of the planning process. The program shall include recycling provisions for .residences as well as commercial establishments. B. Multi -family dwelling units should be provided with recycling receptacles. C. Recycling provisions for commercial and business establishments should include separate recycling bins. Items to be recycled at commercial establishments may include white paper, computer legal paper, cardboard, glass and alm inum cans. D. As landscaping debris comprises a significant percentage of residential solid waste, developers shall contract for professional landscaping services from. companies which compost green waste. Several landscaping companies in the Coachella Valley are currently composting for waste. disposal. On -site composting and grass recycling (whereby lawn clippings are left on the lawn) is also encouraged, wherever possible, D. Recycling of construction waste through on -site grinders and the use of wood waste recycling facilities is encouraged, wherever possible. F. Recycling provisions for single-family and multi -family residential dwelling units shall continue to be included in the City's solid waste disposal contracts. G. The City shall ensure that all hazardous materials, whether from construction or operation of land uses within the planning area, are handled, stored, and/or disposed of according to all existing laws and standards at the time such activity takes place. H. The City shall coordinate with Waste Management of the Desert to expand curb -side recycling services to the Thermal community. I. With the impending closure of the Edonx Hill Landfill, the City shall work closely with Waste Management of the Desert to evaluate alternative landfill sites. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The City Community Development Departrrtnt shall maintain close contact with project developers to assure the provision and maintenance of recycling containers that correspond with current City programs and those planned in the future. Responsible Parties: City Community Development Department, Waste Management of the Desert - 111-180 TNiaty of7 a Quinta Comprehensive General PlaniDratt. SIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Wastewater Collection and Treatment 1. Existing Conditions Sewage collection and treatment services are provided to the planning area by the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD). Wastewater is channelled through sewer trunk lines ranging in size from 4 to 24 inches. The predominant trunk lines found within the planning area are 18-inch force mains located within the rights -of -way of Washington Street, Jefferson Avenue, Madison Street, Avenue 50, Airport Boulevard, Avenue 58 ad Avenue 60. Coachella Valley. Water District currently operates two wastewater treatment facilities. The CVWD treatment plant located at Madison Street and Avenue 38 treats approximately2 million gallons of wastewater per day, and has a current capacity of 2.5 million gallons per day. This plant treats all wastewater collected north of Miles Avenue, Wastewater from the remainder of the planning area is conveyed to the Mid -Valley Reclamation Plant located between Fillmore and Pierce on Avenue 63. Approximately 4 million gallons of wastewater is treated daily, and the plant's current capacity is about 5.8 million gallons per day.73 CVWD continually increases the capacity of its plants by constructing new treatment ponds, aeration plants and other structures. The CVWD plant at Madison and Avenue 38 is expected to double its capacity within the next year, while the capacity of the Mid -valley Reclamation Plant is expected to increase by 20 percent during the same time period.74 2. Project Impacts Buildout of the proposed General Plan will place additional demands on existing wastewater collection and treatment facilities. Actual wastewater generation rates will depend upon future levels of development. Generally, residential wastewater generation rates differ substantially for residential, commercial and industrial land uses. It is difficult to measure an average generation rate for wastewater, since generation rates are based on the type of land use and its associated operations and facility size. However, CVWD is aware of the potential growth that is likely to occur within the planning area, and monitors generation levels accordingly to ensure quality service to its customers, Demands for wastewater collection and treatment services to the planning area may increase substantially as buildout occurs. However, future development and related service demands will occur gradually, and the City and CVWD will continue to monitor service capabilities. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment The annexation and SOI amendment areas are still largely rural and undeveloped, and only limited parcels are currently connected to CVWD's wastewater treatment system. Any wastewater collected from these lands is conveyed to the Mid -Valley Waste Reclamation Plant, located approximately one mile east of the SOI amendment area, on Avenue 63, between Filmore and Pierce Streets. 72 1, r+xce Clark, ?rincipal Sanitation Engineer, Coachella Valley Water District, personal communication, July 2, 1999. 73 Bid. 74 'ha TNICity of La Quint ' Compreh vo Central PlanfDraft EIR Section 11[ - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Buildout of the annexation and SDI amendment areas will increase the demand for wastewater collection and treatment services. Because wastewater generation rates differ for each development type, it is difficult to anticipate future wastewater production levels in the annexation and 5QI amendment areas. Nonetheless, buildout of these areas is expected to result in a combined population of approximately 86,537 residents. It is reasonable to expect that the extension of CVWD's sewer mains and the expansion of its Ivlid-Valley Reclamation Plant will be required to serve this population. finpacts to wastewater treatment facilities are not expected to occur immediately, but will occur over the long-term as new development takes place. The City and CVWI) win need to continuously monitor growth trends in these areas to assure that adequate wastewater services are provided, and will need to determine and implement appropriate methods of financing sewer extensions and connections. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amead,ment will result in significant impacts associated with wastwater management, 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with wastewater management are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: . A. All development shall be connected to a city-wide sewer system, to the greatest extent possible. Septic systems shall be prohibited where soil conditions do not permit percolation_ B. The City shall investigate and evaluate alternative methods of financing a city-wide sewer system and converting existing septic" systems to sewer, including redevelopment funds, assessments, and other funding mschan.isrns. C. The City shall cooperate and coordinate with Coachella Valley Water District to assure that adequate wastewater collection and treatment facilities are provided to serve development in the planning area. D. The City shall coordinate with Coachella Valley Water District to monitor the demand for tertiary treated water within the planning area, and shall investigate the feasibility of providing tertiary treated water as demand allows. Mitigation Monitoring/ Reporting Program A. The City Manning and Public Works Departments shall confer and coordinate with the Coachella Valley Water District to develop plans for implementing city-wide sewer service Responsible Parties: City :Community Development Department, City Public Works Department, CVWD III-182 TN City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ETR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Domestic Water Service 1. Existing Conditions Coachella Valley Water District75 . The Coached Valley Water District (CVWD) is responsible for providing potable water to the majority of the planning area. Its service area generally extends from Washington Street near Fnterstate-10 in the north, to Avenue 56 to the south, as well as limited areas south of Avenue 58. CVWD has eleven active wells within the planning area. A new well is proposed at the northeast corner of Airport Boulevard and Madison Street. The existing wells have been drilled to depths ranging from 700 to 800 feet below the surface. CVWD's newest wells are typically drilled to depths of 1,000 to 1,300 feet. Two inactive wells exist in the planning area within the PGA West development at the southwest corner of 54th Avenue and Madison Street. Domestic water is conveyed through water mains up to 36 inches in diameter. CVWD's water distribution system includes five booster stations located in the southern portion of the planning area. CVWD also has eight reservoirs with storage capacities ranging from 250,000 to 5 million gallons. In Lake Cahuilla County Park, construction for reservoir #6725 is currently underway, and will have a capacity of 10 million gallons. An additional 5 million gallon reservoir is planned near the southern edge of the Cove at the perimeter of Lake Cahuilla County Park. Myoma ]thanes Mutual Water Cornpany75 Domestic water for the Bermuda Dunes community is provided by the Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company. It operates five active wells at depths of 750 to 800 feet, producing 1,700 to 3,200 gallons of potable water per minute. Three of the production wells discharge water directly into a distribution system, which conveys water through distribution mains ranging in size from 4 to 12 inches in diameter. The remaining two wells deliver water directly into a water reservoir located near the intersection of 41st Avenue and Hermitage Drive. The_reservoir has a capacity of one million gallons. Another well is also located in the area, but is used solely by the Bermuda Dunes Airport. At this time, Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company has no plans for expansion of its water delivery system, 2. Project Impacts In an effort to aid regional development, the Coachella Valley Water District has derived an aggregate figure for domestic water demand in its service area. This figure does not represent one specific land use, but instead accounts for all water uses in the area, including residential, commercial, and industrial lands, as well as golf course and irrigation. CVWD estimates that the general population consumes approximately 550 gallons of potable water per day (gpd) per capita. Based on the consumption rate of 550 gpd, buildout could increase the demand for water to approximately 114.3 million gallons per day, or about 350 acre-feet per day. While this factor is 75 Todd Jorgenson, Coachella Valley Water District, personal communication, June 22,1999. 76 Warren Stallard, Genera/ Manager, Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company, letter correspondence, May 26, 1999. Tr City of La Quinra Comprehensive oenerni Plan+Draft BR Sec -dour!' - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation useful for analysis of future demands, actual impacts may vary depending on the actual number of persons per household at buildout, as well as the level and type of water use that occur within each development. Implementation and buildout of the General PIan will add to the cumulative effects of urban development on groundwater supplies in the Coachella Valley, which includes the reduction in the amount of potable groundwater in storage. However, increases in demand for water should occur gradually, as additional development takes place. For a more thorough discussion regarding impacts to water resources and quality, please refer to Section III-F of this document. Proposed Annexation No.12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment As explained in Section III-F of this document, CVWD estimates that the average water consumption rate in the Coachella Valley is approximately 550 gallons per capita per day. This is an aggregate figure that accounts for all water usage in the area,including water consumed by residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational development. At this rate, domestic water consumption in the annexation area would be approximately L8,490,450 gallons per day at buildout. The demand for domestic water in the SOX amendment area would be approximately 29,104,900 gallons per day at buildout. Actual demand will depend upon future levels of development and the efficacy of water conservation measures implemented in the annexation and SOX amendment areas. Although impacts to regional groundwater resources are expected to occur gradually, buildout of these areas will contribute to the cumulative depletion of groundwater in the Coachella Valley. Without mitigation, buildont of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with domestic water. 3. Mitigation Measures In. order to ensure that impacts associated with domestic water are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The City, Coachella Valley Water District arrdfor Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company shall review all future development projects to assess potential impacts of development activities on local groundwater supplies. B. To enhance infiltration of runoff and to replenish groundwater subbasins, the City shall continue to require the construction of on --site stormwater retention or detention basins which are capable of managing the 100-year flood. Development located immediately adjacent to the Whitewater River Stormwater Channel shall continue to have the option of diverting its runoff directly into the channel. Eft-184 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan}Draft ].LR Section )II - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Telephone Service 1+. Existing Conditions Residential; and business telephone service in the La Quinta area is provided by Verizon California, headquartered in Thousand Oaks. Local facilities can be found in Palm Springs and Indio. GTE offers customers basic and state -of -thee -art services. The company is capable of providing service to expanding areas and expects to build additional facilities as future development occurs.? 2. Project Impacts Buildout of the General Plan area will add to the customer base of Verizon, thereby creating additional demands on the existing infrastructure and requiring expansions of services to areas not currently served. However, beyond this, there are no significant impacts expected which will affect Verizon's ability to provide service to the project area. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Buildout of the annexation area is expected to result in the construction of approximately 12,225 dwelling units and 0.9 million square feet of commercial development. Buildout of the SOI amendment area is expected to generate about 19,20 residential units, 3.5 million square feet of commercial space, and 5.6 million square feet of industrial space. Although development of these structures is expected to occur gradually, they will clearly increase the demand for additional telephone services, Verizon has indicated that it is capable of expanding its infrastructure to accommodate future growth in this portion of the Coachella Valley, 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with telephone serviceare reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A, Developers shall provide required rights -of -way for new Verizon conduit systems to provide telephone services to their sites. Electricity ] . Existing Conditions Electrical service is provided to the planning area by the Imperial Irrigation District (IID). IID operates six substations which serve the planning area, including the following7s: 77 Bob Marra, Public Affairs Representative, GTE California, personal communication, May l7,1999. 78 Dick Macknicki, Imperial irrigation District, personal communication, May 14,1999. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section Et - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • North La Quinta Substation - located at the northwest corner of Adams Street and Westward Ho • La Quinta Substation - situated on the southwest corner of Avenue 48 and Jefferson Street • Jefferson Substation - located on Jefferson Street at the northeast comer of Avenue 52 • Marshall Substation - located at the northeast comer of Washington Street and Avenida Ultimo • Avenue 58 Substation - situated on the northwest coiner of Avenue 58 and Monroe Street. • Thermal Substation -- located south of Airport Boulevard and east of Highway 111 MI of the substations are gauged at 92 kilovolts, except for the Avenue 58 substation which operates at 161 kilovolts. The substations decrease the voltage to 12 kilovolts for distribution to residences and other developments. The South Coast Air Quality Management District estimates that residential customers use approximately 6,000 kilowatts per year. Averages for industrial and commercial users are more difficult to determine because use can vary considerably depending on the size and type of land use. Electrical consumption rates, as determined by the South Coast Air Quality Management District, are shown in the following table. Table III-37 Estimated Electricity Usage Rates Land Ilse Annual Usage Rate Residential Retail Commercial Restaurant Hotellotel Office Food Store Warehouse Industrial Misc. Industrial 5,62 .50 kilowatt-hour/unit/year 13.55 kilowatt-hourfsq.ft,lyear 47.45 Iilowatt-hourlsq.ftJyear 9.95 kilowatt-hourlsq.ftiyear 12.95 kilowatt-hourlsq.ft.iyear 53.30 kilowatt-hour/scat/year 4.350 kilowatt-hour/sq. ft./year 10.50 IdIowatt-hourlsq.ft /year Source: SCAQMD Air Quality Randbook, Appendix to Chapter 9, April 1993. UD has indicated that it will he able to supply electricity to future development in the planning area and expects to build additional facilities as development occurs. IID has already identified the need for a new substation between the La Quinta city limits and the Desert Resorts Airport to rneet future demand, but its precise location has not yet been determined.79. 79 ibid. III-186 't'.NYCity of La Quint' Comprehensive General Flan/Draft 1 Section III - Bnvirorn ental Impacts and Mitigation 2. Project Impacts General Plan buildout could result in the consumption of approximately 1,O42•,013553 kilowatt- hours per year.80 This estimate assumes that buildout will occur at moderate densities, and it includes both existing and future development within the planning area. Actual consumption, rates will depend upon future levels of development, individual project design, implementation ofenergy- efficient designs into new buildings, as well as local, state and federal energy conservation measures in effect at the time of development. The project itself will contribute to the cumulative demand for additional generating capacity in the future, but is not expected to significantly impact the accessibility of electricity or the ability of IID to provide it. The Imperial Irrigation District has indicated that it will be able to supply electricity to additional development in the project area. It is LTD's objective to plan for and accommodate future development in order to avoid potential service deficiencies. RD has identified the need for a new substation between the La Quinta city limits and the Desert Resorts Airport to meet future demands, but the exact placement ofthis substation has not yet been determined. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Applying the SCAQMD electricity usage rates provided in the table above, buildout of the annexation area is expected to result in the consumption of approximately 85,571,273 kilowatt- hours (kwh) per year. Buildout of the, 8DI amendment area is expected to generate the demand for about 222,270,392 kwh per year. These projections include electricity demanded by both existing and future development. Actual consumption will depend upon future levels of development and the efficacy of applied energy conservation measures. Approval of theproposed annexation and SDI amendment is not expected to result in an immediate dernand for additional electricity, as no development projects are planned for immediate construction. However, buildout of these areas will require the gradual expansion of I1D's infrastructure and will contribute to the regional demand for electricity. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with electric service. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with electric service are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. Developers shall coordinate and cooperate with Imperial Irrigation District in implementing load management programs which level demand load on generating capacities. Every effort shall be made to assure the highest level of energy conservation available. 80 Based on CLQA Air Quality Handbook, Appendix to Chapter 9, Prepared by South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 199. Calculations provided in Section HE, Air Quality Analysis of this document, TN`ICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft MR Section 11- fawironmental Impacts and Mitigation B. Any proposed development in the General Plan planning area shall be subject to the requirements of the Uniform Building Code and Title 24 of the California Administrative Code. C. Project developers shall be required to utilize energy efficient design to minimize summer- time solar gains and reduce air-conditioning loads, The use of energy efficient lighting fixtures in developments with► the planning area shall . be required. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The City -Community Development Department, Public Works Department, and Building Department shall inspect all detailed project plans for conformance with Title 24 energy conservation code requirements. Imperial Irrigation District and the City Community Development Department shall provide developers with references for energy efficient design. Responsible Parties: City Community Development, Public Works, and Building Departments, Imperial Irrigation District B, Prior to the undergrounding of utility lines, all impacted utility companies shall be contacted for detailed information about system restrictions, district boundaries, and scheduling. Responsible Parties: The Gas Company, Coachella Valley Water District, Myorna Dunes Mutual Water Company, Vezizon California, Imperial Irrigation District. Natural, Gas I. Existing Conditions81 The Gas Company provides natural gas service to the City and its planning area through a series of pipelines of differing sizes and pressure capacities, Transmission, supply and distribution lines provide service to the majority of the planning area, including Bermuda Dunes, the City of La Qtiinta, and the Thermal community, nity, but service is currently limited south of Airport Boulevard. Natural gas is delivered to the area through high pressure transmission lines located north of Interstate-10. They are 36-inch lines with pressures levels ranging from 400 to 700 pounds per square inch (psi). The pressure is reduced at different limiting stations, which then directs the gas to supply lines. Supply lines are 2 to 3 inches with pressure levels ranging from 175 to 400 psi. The planning area's supply lines are located along Washington Street, Highway 111, and Harrison Street right-of-ways. The pressure is reduced again at regulator stations, which transfer natural .gas to distribution lines for transportation to homes and businesses. Distribution lines are 2 to 4-inch steel or plastic pipes that operate at 45 to 55 psi. Natural Gas is not currently provided to some areas in the Cove and all developments south of Cale Chihuahua. Residents in these areas use propane gas as an alternative fuel source. The average household in the Gas Company's service area consumes approximately 6,600 cubic feet of natural gas per month. The South Coast Air Quality Management District's (SCAQMD) estimations for natural gas consumption factors are identified in the following table 81 tvlinio Garcia, L.'ii t Planning Technician, The Gas Company, personal communication, My 2, 1999. m-188 TN City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section II1- Envirorunental Impacts and Mitigation Table III-38 Natural Gas Consumption Factors Land lJse Monthly Use Rate Single Family Residential Multiple Family Residential Retail/Shopping Center Office Hotel/Motel _ Industrial 6,665.0 of/unit/month 4,011.5 cflunit/month 2.9 cflsq. ft.lmonth 2,0 cflsq. ft. /month 4.8 cflsq. tt.lmonth 4.8 cffsq, ft./month Note: Industrial usage factor used is equivalent to the highest commercial usage factor provided by SCAQMD. Source: SCAQMD Air Quality Ha dboQk, Appendix to Chapter 9, April 1993, The Gas Company has indicated that it will accommodate new development in the planning area by working closely with developers to build extensions for buildout areas. 2. Project Impacts Buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to result in a demand increase for natural gas. Natural gas consumption may increase to approximately 708 million cubic feet per month at buildout. 'This estimation assumes that development will occur at moderate densities, and includes both existing and future development. Actual consumption rates of natural gas will be dependent upon future levels of development and individual project design, as well as measures to improve energy efficiency and/or conservation. Development within the planning area will add to the cumulative impacts on the longterm availability of natural gas by increasing the rate of consumption. Nonetheless, buildout of the General Plan, in and of itself, is not expected to significantly impact natural gas supplies or the ability of The Gas Company to provide it. Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment. Applying the SCA 1V1D natural gas consumption factors described in the table above, buildout of the annexation area is expected to result in the consumption of approximately 80.8 million cubic feet of natural gas per month, Buildout of the SGI amendment area is expected to result in the consumption of about 163.8 million cubic feet per month. These estimates include both existing and.future development. Actual consumption will depend upon future levels of development and the efficacy of energy conservation measures. Buildout of these areas is not expected to result in significant or immediate impacts to natural gas supplies or the Gas Company's service capabilities. Nevertheless, it will contribute to the cumulative demand for natural gas resources. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General 1'1anfDraft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with natural gas service. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with natural gas service are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. Developers shall install the most efficient furnaces, water heaters, pool heaters and other equipment that use natural gas. Developers shall also promote the use of kitchen appliances that use natural gas and shall inquire about die possibility of using alternative, renewable energy sources, including solar and wind turbine technologies. B. The City shall strictly enforce Title 24 of the California Administrative Code, which addresses energy conservation in new developments. Mitigation Monitoring/ Reporting Program A, The City Community Development and Public Works Departments shall inspect all detailed project plans to ensure that all requirements for Title 2A energy conservation code are being met. The Community Development Department shall coordinate with the Gas Company to provide developers with references for energy efficient design. Responsible Parties: City Community Development Department, City Public Works Department, The Gas Company Cable 1. Existing Conditions Time Warner , whose local service office is located on North Farrell Drive in Palm Springs, provides cable service to the planning area. Time Warner uses both overhead and underground lines to provide of basic channels as well as cable channels to individual residences and businesses. Time Warner negotiates a franchise agreement every fifteen years with the City, and the last agreement was approved in 1996.82 Tirne Warner has indicated that it will be capable of serving new development in the planning area and throughout the Coachella Valley. 2. Project Impacts No significant impacts are anticipated which will affect Time Warner''s ability to provide cable service to the project area. However, buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to place additional demands on existing cable infrastructure, and will increase the demand for Time Warner's services. Time Warner has indicated that it plans for future growth and is capable of serving the entire Coachella Valley. 82 mitt Wilson, Assistant to the City Manager, City of La Quinta, personal communication, October 26, 1999. III ] 90 TN/City of La Quiita Comprehensive General Klauppraft EIR Section RI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Proposed Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Given that residential development will account for a substantial percentage of new development in the annexation and SOI amendment areas, buildout of the annexation and SOI areas will increase the demand for cable services and infrastructure. The City and Time Warner will need to monitor growth trends in these areas to plan for the orderly and efficient extension of cable services. Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with cable service. 3. Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that impacts associated with cable service are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The City will work closely with TimeWarner to assess the need for additional facilities and services, and to assure that new development is able to receive cable service, to the greatest extent practical, M. Socio-Economic Resources 1, Existing Conditions Economic conditions in the City of La Quinta and the larger Coachella Valley are closely tied to those of Southern California. The Southern California region, as defined by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), includes Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside and Imperial Counties. Since 1920, the SCAG region has grown rapidly, with a population increase of 171 % between 1920 and 1940. The post-war period was characterized by explosive growth, and by 1970 the regional population had grown to more than 10 million. By the. late 19908, the Southern California population had reached about 18 million. Like the rest of Southern California, Riverside County has experienced substantial growth over the past several decades and has been one of the nation's fastest growing counties. From 197E to 1980, the County's population grew from 456,914 to 663,166, an increase of 45.1 percent_ Between 1980 and 1990, the population grew by 76.5 percent to 1,170,413 residents. The California Department of Finance population estimates for January 1999 placed the County's population at 1,473,307, a 25.9 percent increase over 199E population figures. 3 As is apparent from the discussion above, the Coachella Valley is located within an area characterized by rapid growth and economic strength. Over the past three decades, the Coachella Valley has expanded to become one of the premier destination resort areas in the country. The City of La Quinta has also exhibited a demographic and economic strength which has been largely based upon the promotion of a resort lifestyle. From 1990 to 1998, it was the fastest growing city in the Coachella Valley, with population increases averaging 10.4% per year.S4 The City represents a 83 "City/County Population and Housing Estimates," CaFifornia Department of finance, January 1, 1999. 111-l91 MtCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Planfaraft EIR Section III -Environmental rmpacts and Mitigation relatively new nxaarket in the Coachella Valley, and has positioned itself as a sub -regional retail center for the eastern portion of the valley. The City also enjoys an excellent visitor image, which is enhanced by the national recognition of the La Quinta Hotel and PGA West, T.be following discussion includes economic development trends for the City of La Quinta, including population, income and housing trends which define the demographic characteristics of the area and provide a basis for future growth trends and analysis. Demographics Populatiou From 1990 to 1999, the City's permanent population increased from 11,215 to 21,763 residents, for a total increase of 10.548 residents, or about 94%.85 According to a city -based market analysis, the City's population is expected to increase to approximately 29,700 by the year 2005.86 Demographic trends in La Quinta indicate the emergence of a. new affluent seasonal population. It is estimated that the City's seasonal population has grown from about 5,500 in 1990 to nearly 9,100 in 1998, for anaverage growth rate of 6.4 percent.87 The seasonal population is not considered part of the City's permanent population, but nonetheless plays an iwportant role in the City's economy. ,Household Size Household size defines the average number of people living hi a dwelling. It does not include those living in group housing; however, their effect on the City average is very limited. The average household size in the City has increased from approximately 2.852 in 1990, to 3.228 in 1999.88 In 1998, the median age in La Quinta was 32 years, younger than the Coachella Valley and State of California averages of 35 and 36 years, respectively. The following table illustrates the City's 1990 agedistribution. 84 `°1998-99 Economic Development Plan," prepared by Rosenow Spevacek Group, Inc_, April 1998. 85 California Department of Finance, April 1990 and January 2.000. 86 "La Quanta Market Analysis and Coinpetit.ve Position Within the Coachella Valley," Sedway Group, Ja uarj 25,1999. 87 bid, 88 California Department of Finance, April 1990 and January 1999. m-l92 Th (City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan,Draft SIR Section In- Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table m-39 La Quinta Age Distribution -1990 Age Range % of Population Less than 5 years 5-17 years 18-24 years 25-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65+ years 9.6% 20.3% 8.1% 35.0% 8.9 8.5% 9.6% TOTAL: 100% Source: 1990 Census Data, as provided by Wheeler's Desert Letter, The City of La Quinta is primarily a caucasian community, with approximately 76.5% of the population describing themselves as 'white," 2.4% as "black," and 21.2% as "other races."89 In 1993, approximately 30% of the population was of Hispanic origin.° Employment and Income Characteristics In 1990, the City of La Quinta had a total of 5,368 employed personas. The employment participation rate for the City was 69.5% of all persons 16 years or older, with an unemployment rate of 6.1 %.91 As shown in the following table, sales and executivelmanagerial industries accounted for the Largest percentages of the City's occupations in 1990, closely followed by clerxcai, specialty and constuction-related occupations. 89 "Demographic Reference Guide, Zip Code Edition," Urban Decision Systems, 1993. 90 Ibid. 91 1990 Census Data, as provided in "Wheeler's Desert Letter," 1992 edition. 1Z1-193 moCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlardDraft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation L. Table 111-40 Occupations in the City of La Quinta -1990 Occupation Number of % of Working Residents Poprtlation Executive and Managerial 828 15% Professional Specialty 671 13% Technicians 93 2% Sales 816 15% Admin.Support/Clerical 772 14% Private Household 57 1% Protective Service 73 1 Other Service Occupations 695 13% 1 Farming/Forestry/Fishing 224 4% Production/Craft/Repair 705 13° Operatives!Assemlalers 143 3% TransportationfMaterial Moving 110 2% Handlers and Laborers 181 3° Total: 5,36 100% Source: 1990 Census Data, as provided in "Wheeler's Desert Letter," 1992 edition, The City's employers represent a varied mix of employment opportunities, with the greatest number of people being employed by the Westfield Shopping Town in Palm Desert, as shown in the table below. TN/City of La Quirsta Comprehensive General PlaniDraft EIR Section 111 - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table x1X-4X Major Employers in the City of La Quinta - 1997 Business - No. of Employees Westfield Shopping Town Coachella Valley Unified School District Desert Sands Unified School District County of Riverside La Quinta Hotel J.F. Kennedy Hospital Fantasy Springs Casino Coachella Valley Water District Spotlight 29 Casino Wal-Mart 2,500 1,500 1,3j�8(5j 1,400 800 600 590 400 350 300 Source: "Community Economic Profile for La Quinta, Riverside County, California," Riverside County Economic Development Agency, 1997. In 1990, the City's median household income was $39,572.92 This figure is comfortably higher than the Coachella Valley, Riverside County and state of California median household incomes, which were $29,500, $33,100 and $35,800, respectively.93 The City's median household income has continued to increase in recent years, and by 1997, it had reached $54,041.94 La Quints residents also enjoy a higher per capita income 619,700) than other Coachella Valley ($17,400) and Riverside County ($18,400) residents 95 Retail Sales Potential The City of La Quinta is a relatively new market in the Coachella Valley, but has emerged as a viable sub -regional retail center for the eastern valley. The taxable sales figures in the table below describe the City's taxable sales trends from 1994 through 1998. During this five-year period, taxable sales for all retail outlets grew by approximately 93%, indicating the strength of the City's new economy. 92 `Community Economic Profile for La Quints, Riverside County, California," Riverside County Economic Development Agency, 1997. 93 Table III-6, -Profile of Development Prospects for the Cathedral City General Plan," Economics Research Associates, February 15, 1996. 94 "Community Economic Profile for La Quinta, Riverside County, California," Riverside County Economic Development Agency, 1997. 95 "1993-99 Economic Development Plan: Strmee'cs and Tasks to Stimulate Private Investment in L% Qninia," Rasenow Spevacek Group, Inc-, April 1998. 111-195 TMtC ty of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft MR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation • Table 111-42 19941-1998 Taxable Sales Trends City of La Quinta ($000) Year Total Total Retail Stores All Outlets 1994 78,171 110,861 1995 87,366 121,428 1996 95,852 132,892 1997 112,997 159,146 1998 157,724 213,973 Sources "Taxable Sales in California (Saks & Use Tax)," California State Board of Equalization, An important indicator of the City's relative strength in retail sales Ls derived from a comparison of the City's taxable sales with expenditures b + its residents. Market "leakage" occurs when potential spending is not fully captured by City businesses, while "attraction" represents an economy in which more sales are captured than are generated by City residents. Analysis of sales leakage/attraction within the City of La Quinta indicates that the City had an overall net attraction of $1.8 million in 1997,96 Further analysis shows that, while La Quints experienced net attraction in sales by food stores, eating and drinking establishments, and other retail (including building materials and general merchandise), it also experienced substantial leakage in apparel stores, home furnishings and appliances, and other retail including gifts, books, jewelry, and art goods. A substantial portion of these sales are being captured by Westfield Shopping Town and The Gardens. on El Paseo in Palm Desert, approximately six rules west of La Quinta.` Over the past several years, La Quinta has emerged as a sub -regional retailing center in the eastern portion of the Coachella Valley, attracting al -Mart, Nome Depot, Eagle Hardware and other large "box" retailers. La Quinta is currently underscrved in the areas of apparel, home furnishings, and general merchandise.98 Continued development of sub -regional retail establishments along the Highway 111 corridor will further strengthen La Quinta's role in the regional market. "La Quinta Market Analysis and Competitive Position Within the Coachella Valley," Sedway Group, January 25, 1999, 97 Ibid. 98 ibid. TNICity of La Qninta Comprehensive Genera] Piau Draft EIR Section JJI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Housing Market Trends From 1980 to 1990, the number of housing units in the City grew from 1,364 to 3,931, for an increase of about 188% dutng this ten-year period.99 By 1999, the number of dwelling Tits in the City had increased by 18O% to 11,019, M indicating substantial population growth and contributing to the City's recognition as the second fastest growing city in California from 1990 to '1997.1°1 The following table illustrates the types of housing units in the City in 1999. It is evident that the majority of structures in the coinmunity are single-family detached dwellings. Table f11-43 Housing Characteristics in the City of La Quinta -1999 Unit Type No. of Units % of Total Single Family Detached 7,815 71% Single Family Attached 2260 21% Multiple Family Units (2-4) 191 2 Multiple Family Units (5+) 506 4% Mobile Homes 247 2 Total: 11,019 100% Source: California Department of Finance, January 1999. A substantial portion of La Quinta's housing market is driven by upscale resort residential development, including high -end custom homes and build -to -•suit home sites. Prices for custom estate homes can reach as high as $2.5 inillion.102 However, the City has been able to provide a full range of residential products, from quality affordable. housing to master planned communities. In 1996, the median housing value in La Quinta was $117,400, and approximately 36% of owner occupied units were in the $50,000 to $99,999 value range.103 The primary market for new homes in La Quinta is the second -home buyer; one La Quinta home builder has indicated 'that 95% of its buyers are purchasing a second home.lo4 99 "Community Economic Profile for La Quints, Riverside County, California," riverside County Economic Development Agency, 1997. le° California DeparpnientofFinance, January 1, 1999. 101 ”La Quinta Market Analysis and Competitive Position Within the Coachella Valley," Sedway Group, January 25, 1999. 102 "Community Economic Profile for La Quinta, Riverside County, California," Riverside County Economic • Development Agency, 1997. 1°3 "Wheeler's Desert Letter," January 1, 1996. 104 "La Quinta Market Analysis and Competitive Position Within the Coachella Valley," Sedway Group, January 25, 1999. la197 TNK ity of La t uinsta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Growth Forecasting The Coachella Valley is one of the fastest growing regions in California and is expected to continue to grow in the near future. Growth projections indicate that approximately 15,500 new residents per year are expected to move to the valley through year 2010, and that the Coachella Valley's total. population could exceed 500,000 by 2010.1°5 Growth projections for the City of La Quinta indicate a similar trend. Sedway Group projects that., by year 2005, the City's permanent population will reach approximately 29,700 and its seasonal population will reach 15,600.1m The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has also developed demographic forecasts designed to assist the City other agencies in projecting future population and economic trends, SCAG forecasts are illustrated in the following table, and indicate that the City is expected to experience continued healthy growth through 2020, and that the projections inay be low, given the City's current population. Table 11144 Growth Forecasts for the City of La Quinta Years 2000.2020 Projection 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Population 20,400 22,700 24,900 27,500 30,500 Households 6,300 7,000 7,900 8,800 9,700 Employment 9,200 11,200 13,500 16,003 18,200 Source; Southern California Association of Governments, letter correspondence dated September 18, 2000 2. Project Impacts The City has evaluated a broad range of land use development scenarios, and has examined issues regarding visitor -serving development and other revenue -generating land uses that can benefit from existing and planned infrastructure. The socio-economic impacts associated with implementation of the proposed General Plan are expected to be positive. The proposed project has the potential to generate revenues from a wide range of sources, most notably property, transient occupancy and sales taxes. Buildout of the planning area, however, will also generate additional costs for the provision of general government services and expanded infrastructure. The following discussion addresses the potential fiscal impacts associated with General Plan buildout. 105 "1998-99 Economic Development Plan: Strategics and Tasks to Stimulate Private Investment in La Quinta," Rosenow Spevacek Group, Inc., April 1998. 106 "La Quinta Market Analysis and Competitive Position Within the Coachella'Va][ey," Sedway Group, January 25, 1999. III-198 Tl~1'WCty of La Quinta Comprehensive General I ian/Draft EiR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation General Plan Butldout Population Summary The California Department of Finance estimates that the average household size in the City of La Quints is 3,263 persons per household.lw This figure most likely overestimates the City's actual average household size. It is derived by dividing the City population by the number of occupied housing units, but it does not account for 38.83% of the total housing units, which are occupied, on a seasonal basis, A straightline comparison of the City's population (24,240 residents) and its total ntunber of dwelling units (12,141 units) yields an average household size of only 1.99 persons per household in the City of La Quinta. The average household size in the Thermal portion of the planning area is generally Larger than that in the City of La Quinta, and is estimated to be approximately 2.75 persons per household.108 Therefore, to provide a conservative buildout population estimate for the entire planning area, an average household size of 2.75 is used in the following analysis and throughout this EIR. As shown in Table 1-2 and discussed throughout Section HI, buildout of the proposed General plan is expected to result in the development of approximately 66,811 new dwelling units. At the rate of 2.75 persons per household, General Plan buildout could generate an additional 183,730 residents within the planning area. When combined with the current City population of 24,240 persons1, the City's population at General Plan buildout could potentially reach 207,970 persons. This is a conservative, long-range estimate that assumes all residential lands within the planning area will develop at 75% of the maximwn densities permitted. Residential Property Tax Revenues According to the CalifornulaDepartment of Finance, there are 12,141 existing dwelling units in the City of La Quinta.310 The average sales price for single-family residences built between 1978 and 1999 in the City is approximately $189,5.111 Applying this value to the number of existing dwelling units yields a total estimated residential property value of $2,306,365,05 for existing residential units. Given the City's rapid population growth over the past decade, and its ability to provide a balance of housing opportunities for both permanent and seasonal residents, the median housing value is expected to rise over the life of the proposed General Plan. For the purposes of this analysis, the average value of future dwelling units in the planning area is projected to be $364,229.112 With 66,811 potential new units to be constructed at General Plan buildout, the total property value of future dwelling units in the planning area is expected to be approximately $24,334,5O3,719. The combined property value of both existing and future dwelling units is estimated to be about $26,640,868,784, as described in the paragraphs above, Property taxes are collected annually by 107 California Department of Finance, January 2000. 108 Demographic Data, Thermal area, Urban Decision Systems, 1999. 109 ibid. 110 ibid. 111 Average sales price for single-family dwelling unit with 1,1600 to 2,200 square feet, built between 1978 and 1999, as provided by La Quinta Palms Real Estate Multiple Listing Service, October 1999, 112 Average sales price of new single-family residences in 10 new development projects in L.a Quinta, as provided in the tea. Quints Uenetal Plan Update Horsing Elerne,nt, prepared by The Planning Center, 2000. Actual sales prices range from $136,990 in Sienna Del Rey to $720,000 in The Citrus/Tesoro, III-199 TN/City of La Quints Compreherrsivc General Pan/Litaft EIR Section ]Z# - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Riverside County at a rate of 1 % of assessed value. Property taxes collected on all residential units at General Plan buildout are estimated at about $266,408,688 annually. Property tax revenues are reallocated to the City of La Quinta and other taxing entities based on formulas derived by the State of California. The City of La Quinta's General Fund receives 25% of the total property tax collected, which is estimated to total approximately $66,602,172 at General Nan buildout. It should be noted. that the analysis above is a rough estimate of residential property tax revenues and is intended to provide a broad overview of revenues expected at General Plan buildout. Actual revenues will depend upon the Ievel of residential development that occurs over the life of the General Plan and the assessed valuation of residential property in the City. These and other estimations in this section are calculated in year 2000 dollars. Commercial Property Tax Revenues Buildout of the planning area under the proposed General Plan is expected to result in the development of approximately 19,137,651 square feet of commercial space. A comparison of typical commercial construction in the Coachella Valley indicates that community retail structures are valued at approximately $95 per square foot. This is a conservative estimate that does not include the value of hotel and motel commercial development. Future commercial development in the City of La Quinta is expected to include luxury and resort hotels with values that exceed $95 per square foot. Nonetheless, this value is used in the following Awiysis as a benchmark by which the value of all commercial development in the planning area can be estimated. Assuming that the value of all commercial development at General Plan buildout will average $95 per square foot, the total value of commercial land will be approximately $1,818,076,845. Property taxes are collected at a rate of 1% of assessed value, and therefore, total property taxes collected annually on all commercial development within the planning area are estimated at $18,180,768. The City would retain 25% of this, or approximately $4,545,192 annually. Actual revenues will depend upon the extent of commercial development that actually occurs at General Plan buildout, and the assessed value of commercial land, structures and improvements, Industrial Property Tax Revenues Buildout of the prnpnsed General Plan is expected to result in the development of an estimated 28,835,849 square feet of industrial space, including both existing and future industrial development. The value of industrial development is estimated at approximately $65 per square foot, including land and all structural and non-structural improvements. At this rate, the value of all industrial lands at General Plan buildout would be approximately $1,874,330,185, which would generate an estimated $18,743,301 in annual property taxes. Of this, the City of La Quinta would retain approximately $4,685,825. Actual revenues will depend upon the level of industrial, development that actually occurs over the life of the General Plan, as well as the assessed value of industrial lands, structures and other improvements. TNICity of 1a Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section Ill -Environmental Impacts and Mitigativa Sales Tax Revenues A substantial portion of City revenue is derived from the sales tax, which is levied on .retailers who sell taxable goods within the City limits. In fiscal year 199912000, sales taxes accounted for more than $2.5 million, or 16.5% of the City's total General Fund revenues.113 Of tbe sales tax imposed on taxable goods by the State Board of. Equalization, one percent (1%) is allocated back to the City. The Urban Land Institute (ULI) distinguishes between two primary types of commercial development: "community" commercial and "neighborhood" commercial.114 "Community" commercial development consists of larger -scale community shopping centers and malls that may be anchored by several department stores or other large-scale anchors. The TJI,I estimates that the upper decile sales volume of tenants in '.4Community Comercial" centers is $343.83 per -square foot of gross leasable area.115 "Neighborhood"m commercial development is defined as smaller - scale neighborhood shopping centers conveniently located near residential areas, as well as a variety of specialty retail shops and personal service businesses. According to the ULI, the upper decile sales volume of tenants in these commercial centers is $358.62 per square foot of gross leasable area.116 To determine sales tax revenues anticipated at General Plan buildout, the sales volumes figures described above must be applied to oommercial development in the planning area. The following table identifies the various commercial land use designations established by the proposed General Plan, and for each land use designation, indicates how much development is expected to be "Community Commercial" or "Neighborhood Commercial." 113 City of La Quinta Budget, Fiscal Year 2040-2001. 114 "Dollars and Cents of Shopping Cents," Urban Land Institute, 1997. 115 Ibid, Table 5-5. The demographics in the City of La Quinta are sufficiently high that the City can support sates volumes at the upp r decile, . 1161bid, Table 6-5. III 201 TN/City of I a Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Drat EIR Section 1D - Environmental acts and Mitigation Land Use Deslgaation Table III-45 Sales Tax Generating Development at General Plan Buildout Sq. Ft- Expected to Develop as "Community" Commercial" Mixed Use Commercial Community Commercial Neighborhood Commercial Commercial Park* Office Tourist Commercial** Village Commercial Total: 2,491,632 4,638,269 0 122,665 0 0 0 7,252,566 sq. ft. Sq. Ft Expected to Develop as "Neighborhood" Commercial' 2,491,632 0 1,954,972 0 0 772,972 1,2.84,149 6,503,725 sq. ft. l as defined by the Urban Land institute in "Dollars and Cents of Shopping Centers," 1997_ * The Commercial Park designation permits office, wit homa and light industrial development, which are not significant generators of sales tax revenue. Only 20°% (322,665 sq. ft.)ofCommercial Park development is expected to generate sales tax revenue at General Plan buildorrt. ** Tourist Commercial land is expects to develop as hotelsimotels, which generate sales tax revenues only through ancillary facilities such as on -site restaurants and specialty shops. At General Plan buildout, only 3.5% (772,972 sq. ft.) of all Tourist Commercial land is expected to consist of ancillaryfacilities that generate sales tax revenues. Based on 3.5% ancillary facilities at La Quinta Hotel site. As shown in the table above, the planning area is expected to include approximately 7,252,566 square feet of "Community" commercial development at General Plan btii1dout. It is presumed that 95% (6,889,938 sq. ft.) of this space will be leasable, an,d the remaining 5% will consist of mechanical equipment, restrooms, public common areas, and related spaces that are not typically leased by tenants. Applying ULI's upper declic sales volume of $343.83 per square foot to the amount of leasable community commercial space yields an estimated annual sales volume of $2,368,967,383. Of this, one cent of each taxable dollar will be contributed to the City's General Fund. This equates to approximately $23,689,673 in annual sales tax revenues to the City. The table above indicates that the planning area is expected to contain an estimated 6,503,725 square feet of "Neighborhood" commercial development at General Plan buildout. Assuming that 95% (6,178,539 sq. ft.) of this development is leasable space, and applying ULI's upper decile sales volume of $358,62 per square foot of leasable space yields an estimated sales volume of $2,215,747,656, Of this, the City would receive an estimated $22,157,476 annually. In summary, buildout of all commercial lands in the planning area, including both "community" and "neighborhood" commercial ,development, could generate annual sales tax revenues of about $45,847,149 to the City. This figure is expressed in year 2000 dollars and represents the n,Fnimum net revenue gain to the City, assuming that annual incremental increases will be realized from inflation. It also assumes full occupancy of all commercial centers. It. is important to note that most, DI-2(12 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft ER Section DI - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation but not all items sold in the planning area will be taxable. Therefore, the above estimate may overstate potential revenues to a limited degree, but still provides a useful benchmark by which potential sales tax revenues can be measured. Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues ,Ere_Lemarstini Uotel5 Transient Occupancy Taxes (TOT) are imposed by the City on `transients" who occupy a room in a hotel or other Lodging facility for 30 days or less. The City's TOT rate is 11% for hotels with contention facilities and 10% for all others. The Transient Occupancy Tax currently represents the largest single revenue source in the City's General Fund, and in fiscal year 1999/2000 accounted for nearly $3.5 million, or about 23% of the City's General Fund revenues.t 17 This revenue was derived from the 735 existing hotelfmotel moms in the City. Revenues from Future Hotels Future hotelimotel development in the planning area is expected to include 217 new rooms at the proposed Embassy Suites hotel, as well as other future hotel/motel facilities constructed on vacant lands. Under the proposed General plan, additional hotel/motel development will be permitted on lands assigned the following land use designations: Mixed Use Commercial, Community Commercial and Tourist Commercial. Mixed Use Commercial Land As shown in Table 1-2, the Recommended Alternative Land Use Buildout Statistical Summary, there are approximately 323 vacant acres available for future Mixed Use Commercial development. It is anticipated that 10% (32 acres) of Mixed Use Commercial lands will develop as hotels/motels, at a density of 25 rooms per acre, for a total of 800 rooms. Community Commercial Land Under the proposed General Plan, hotel/motel development will also be permitted on lands designated as Community Commercial, which are generally concentrated around the Highway 111 corridor. It is likely that 100 of these lands will develop as community -scale shopping centers or other larger, regional retail centers, and that none of the vacant acres will develop as hotels/motels. Tourist Commercial Land One hundred percent Odle vacant Tourist Commercial acres (179 acres) are expected to develop as hotels and motels. Development on these lands will most likely consist of luxury and resort hotels, with an average density of about 16 rooms per acre118, for a total of 2,864 rooms. Potential Revenues As described in the paragraphs above, buildout of the planning area could result in the development of approximately 3,664 new hotel/motel ems. Considering La Quinta's reputation as a world- renowned resort destination, it is assumed that future hotel room rates will average $200 per night. Assuming a 68% occupancy rate, each new hotel room in the planning area could generate revenues of approximately $49,640 per year. 117 /hid. 118 Rased on room density at La Quints Hotel (724 rooms on 45 acres). TN!C5ity of La Quints Comprehensive General Planll']raft BIR section 11! - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation The City retains an 1.1 % Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) on hotels with convention facilities, and a 10% TOT on those •without. To provide a conservative estimate of TOT revenues, it is assumed that new hotels will not include convention centers and that the City will impose a 10% TOT on all hotels. At this rate, the City would generate annual TOT revenues of $4,964 per room, or $18,188,096 annually on all of the anticipated 3,664 new hotel rooms. When combined with TOT revenues from existing hotel/motel rooms, City TOT revenues could reach $21,650,296 annually.119 Motor Vehicle In -Lieu Fees A sizable portion of the City's annual revenues is derived from the State of California in the form of motor vehicle in -lieu fees, which are imposed on motorists in -lieu of a local property tax. In fiscal year 199912000, motor vehicle in -lieu fees accounted for $940,000 of the City's feral Fund revenues, or approximately $38.78 per capita.120 Applying this figure to the anticipated General Plan buildout population of 207,970 residents, motor vehicle in -lieu fees could potentially generate $8,065,077 in annual General Fund revenues at General Plan buildout. This estimate is based on the 1999/2000 per capita factor and does not account for any future increases in per capita revenues. Other Development -Related Revenues The City General Fund includes a number of other revenue sources, in addition to those discussed above. Some such sources include business licenses, building permits, developer impact fees and plan check fees, which are directly related to the level of urban development that occurs in the City. These fees are based on project -specific criteria, including the size and type of construction, architectural features, and site improvements. It is beyond the scope of the proposed General Plan to determine the site -specific characteristics of future development projects in the City, and attempts to quantify projected revenues from these development -related fees at this time would be meaningless. Nonetheless, implementation of the proposed General Plan will clearly facilitate the development of additional residential, commercial, and industrial development, and is therefore expected to have a. net positive impact on development -related revenue sources. Project-GeneratedCosts The City of La Quinra provides a number of public services to its residents, including general government administration, fire and police protection, parks and recreation facilities, library services, and street maintenance. The City has budgeted $15,252,431 in General Fund expenditures for fiscal year 2000/2001 to pay for these and other public services and facilities.121 On a per capita basis, this equates to approximately $629 per resident.122 Buildout of the planning area could generate a total City population of about 207,970 residents, which would result in expenditures of about $130,813,130 for public services. 119 Includes $18,188,096 anticipated TOT revenues from future hotel development, and $3,462,200 actual TOT revenues collected from existing hotel development in I Y99/00, as shown in La Quinta City Budget, FY00101. 121 City of La Quinta Budget, F'Y 200012001. 20 Q1y of La t nta Budget FY 00101. Per capita figure derived by dividing total in-Iieu fee revenues by year.2000 City population of 24,240 residents, as provided by California Department of Finance, 122 Based on the City's 2.000 populaden (24,240 residents), as provided by California Department of Finance. 1 1-204 TN/City of is Quinta Comprehensive General PlantDraft HIR Section m - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Table 1I1-46 General Plan Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis Item General Administration & Services Annual City Cost $130,813,130 Annual City Revenue Residential Property Tax Revenues $66,602,172 Commercial Property Tax Revenues $4,545,192 Industrial Property Tax Revenues $4,685,825 Sales Tax Revenues $45,847,149 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $21,650,296 Motor Vehicle In -Lieu Fees $8,065,077 Subtotal: $151,395,711 Resulting Annual Positive Cash Flow: $20,582,581 Cost/Benefit Analysis As demonstrated in the table above, buildout of the proposed General Plan is expected to have a net positive effect on the City's economy. The analysis above is intended to provide a broad overview of projected costs and revenues, and does not include additional revenues which will be derived from project -specific sources, including developer impact fees, plan, check and engineering fees, building puts and business licenses, It is important to note that the City realizes economies of scale with new development and the provision of public services, especially with "in -fill" projects that are surrounded by existing development. The contract for fire protection, for example, does not change based on the addition of one structure, per se. Rather, the base costs associated with the provision of services remains constant, and the only cost increase is associated with the added time required to answer calls at the new development, once constructed. Proposed Annexation. No. 12 Buildout of the proposed annexation area is expected to generate a total population of approximately 33,619 residents_ This is a long-range estimate that includes existing and future residents, assumes an average household size of 2.75 persons, and assumes that all lands designated for residential development will be developed at 75% of the maximum densities permitted. Buildout of the annexation area is also expected to result in the development of 12,225 dwelling units (including 232 existing units and 11,993 future units) and approximately 946,724 square feet of commercial space. For the purpose of estimating sales tax revenues, this commercial space is expected to consist of 755,492 square feet of "Neighborhood Commercial" development and 191,232 square feet of "Community Commercial" development. The proposed land use plan does not provide for any industrial or hotellmotel development in the annexation area, but does include about 42 acres for major community facilities and about 601 acres of golf course, park, and open space uses. III-205 TN/City of La Quanta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Buildout of the annexation area will generate additional revenues for the City in the forms of property tax, sales tax, motor vehicle in -lieu fees, and other development -related revenues such as business licenses, developer impact fees, and plan check fees. Additional costs associated with the - provision afire and police protection and other governmental services will also be incurred. The following table summarizes projected costs and revenues resulting from buildout of the annexation area. These estimates have been calculated using the same methods used earlier in this section to project costs and revenues for buildout of the recommended General Plan. Table 111-47 Annexation No. 12 CostlRevenue Analysis Item Annual City Cost Annual City Revenue General Administration & Services $21,145,722 Residential Property Tax Revenues $11,030,676 • Commercial Property Tax, Revenues $224,846 Industrial Property Tax Revenues $ 0 Sales Tax Revenues $3,198,512 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $ 0 Motor Vehicle In -Lien Pees $1,303,706 Subtotal: $21,145,722 $15,757,740 Resulting Annual Cash Flow: - $5,387,982 As shown in the table above, buildout of the annexation area could result in an annual revenue shortfall of approximately $5,387,982. This is largely due to the fact that, under the City's proposed land use plan, the majority of land in the annexation area is designated for residential uses. The costs associated with providing municipal services to residential lands are, typically greater than any property tax revenues they generate. Potential revenues are further limited in the annexation area by the absence of industrial and hotel/motel lands, and the potential property tax and transient occupancy tax revenues they could generate. Liinited commercial acreage restricts the potential for significant sales tax revenues, The analysis above is intended to provide a broad overview of anticipated costs and revenues associated with buildout of the annexation area. It does not include additional revenues, which will be derived from project -specific sources, such as developer impacts fees and building permit fees. Actual costs and revenues will depend upon future levels of development, the value of land and improvements, and City financing mechanisms and policies. Furthermore, buildout of the area will occur in conjunction with buildout of other parts of the City, where commercial and industrial development will be completed. Such development is likely to offset the negative cash flow generated by a mostly residential annexation. ID- 206 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Ea Section ]II - Enviroiunental Impacts and Mitigation Sphere of Influence Amendment Huildout of the SOX amendment area is expected to result in the development of approximately 19,243 dwelling units (including 837 existing units and 18,406 potential units). At a rate of 2.75 persons per household, buildout would generate a population of approximately 52,918 residents. The SOI amendment area is also expected to accommodate an estimated 3,557,857 square feet of commercial space and 5,680,528 square feet of industrial space. For the purpose of estimating potential sales tax revenues, the commercial space is divided in the following manner: 399,620 square feet of "Neighborhood Commercial" development, and 2,739,260 square feet of "Counity Commercial" development (the remaining 418,977 square feet of commercial space are designated for Office Commercial development, which is not considered to be a generator of sales tax revenue). The proposed land use plan also includes approximately 36 acres for major community facilities and 641 acres of open space. Anticipated costs and revenues associated with buildout of the SOI amendment area are shown in the table below, Table III-48 Sphere of Influence Amendment Area Cost/Revenue Analysis Item Annual City Cost Annual City Revenue General Administration & Services $33,282,422 Residential Property Tax Revenues $17,157,499 Commercial Property Tax Revenues $844,991 Industrial Property Tax Revenues $923,085 Sales Tax Revenues $10,308,939 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $ 0 Motor Vehicle In -Lien Fees $2,052,160 Subtotal: $33,285,422 $31,286,674 Resulting Annual Cash Flow: - $1,998,748 As illustrated in the table above, buildout of the SOI amendment area is expected to result in a negative annual cashflow of about $2 million to the City General Fend. As with the annexation area, the vast majority of these lands are to be developed for residential land uses. The table above does not include additional City revenues, which would result from developer impact fees, building permit fees, business licenses, plan check fees, and other project -specific development fees. The estimates for City costs listed in this and the preceding table are likely to be conservative, insofar as the City achieves economies of scale as it grows and provides services, and the per capita expenses are therefore likely to be lower than represented. However, as with Annexation No. 12, development in other parts of the City is likely to offset the numbers depicted above in the long term, III 207 TN/Qty of La Quinta Comprehensive General P1anias t t Section III - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Without mitigation, buildout of the General Plan, Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence Amendment will result in significant impacts associated with socio-economic resources. 3. Mitigation .Measures 1n developing the proposed General Plan, the City has examined a broad range of commercial, resort -oriented and industrial development scenarios that are intended to optimize existing and planned facilities, services and infrastructure. In addition to adopting and implementing the proposed Plan, a wide range of opportunities should be pursued to further strengthen and diversify the City's solid economic foundation, While the City has positioned itself as an important sub - regional retail center for .the eastern -central Coachella Valley, it must continue to respond to increasing competition among Coachella Valley communities for major development projects. The City should continue to exploit its international reputation as a luxury resort community, while simultaneously striving to diversify its economic base. hi order to ensure that impacts associated with socio-economic resources are reduced to a less than significant level, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented: A. The City shall continue to identify potential public and private revenue sources to finance infrastructure improvements in the Village and along the Highway 111 commercial corridor. Where appropriate, the City shall enter into agreements with developers that lead to their shared participation in financing such improvements. B. Evaluate the demand for a new regional shopping mall in the eastern Coachella Valley and determine the feasibility of attracting such a facility to La Quinta. C. Continue to support the development of new golf andlor luxury hotel/resort facilities within the City. D. Promote in -fill development in existing commercial centers, particularly along the Highway 111 corridor. 'E. The City shall continue to fast -track the development permitting process and assist in the design of on- and off -site •improvements for project proposals expected to substantially enhance the City's economic base. F. Pursue joint efforts with local and regional agencies regarding the expansion of ttie Desert Resorts Airport to support the transportation needs of the City's resort and retail industries. G. Encourage development of live/work housing opportunities (i.e. artists' lofts) in the Village. H. The City shalt promote and Consider further investments in art, theater and related development proposals that preserve or enhance the City's cultural resources and expand the City's economic base. M-208 B. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Ilan/Draft FIR Section ID - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation I. Continue to develop, publish and routinely update marketing pieces, which showcase the City's rest, recreation, commercial and housing opportunities. J. Continue to support and promote a balance of housing products, including affordable and senior housing. Mitigation Monitoring/Reporting Program A. The City shall implement an Economic Development Strategy that enhances and maintains its role as an important commercial center serving the eastern Coachella Valley. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, City Council The City shall coordinate with the Coachella Valley Water District to assure sufficient water and sewer infrastructure to enhance economic development opportunities in the south- central portion of the planning area. Responsible Parties: Community Development Department, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District TN/city of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft OR Section IV - Unavoidable Significant Impacts CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR-yTHE COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT IV. UNAVGIDARLE SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS Introduction Unavoidable significant impacts are project -related environmental effects which have been identified as beingsignificant and where no feasible mitigation is available to reduce the impact to a less -than - significant level (CEQA Guidelines Section 15126,2). Section HI of this MR thoroughly assessed all impacts associated with future development within the annexation area, sphere of influence (S01) amendment and General Plan planning area as a whole. These. assessments are concluded by a. broad and comprehensive range of mitigation measures and monitoring and reporting programs, which have been developed to address potential impacts. These measures along with the policies, programs, and implementation measures set forth in the City Draft General Plan can demonstrably and effectively reduce potentially significant impacts to levels of insignificance. However, a few areas of special concern and sensitivity still persist and have been given focused consideration in the development of the General Plan and in the development of mitigation measures.. These include impacts on biological resources, waterxesources, geotechnical hazards, air quality and traffic impacts. While the General .Plan .represents a substantial overall limitation in potential impacts, these sensitive issues are not taken for granted, and each is discussed briefly. below. Biological Resources Development in any area results in the conversion of lands, and eliminating open space areas. This alteration to the natural environment has many direct and indirect effects to plant and animal species, largely due to the loss of resources and habitat.. While these effects may constitute unavoidable impacts to biological resources, they are regarded in planning efforts undertaken by the City and - TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft DR Section 1V - Unavoidable Significant Impacts thoroughly addressed throughout the proposed Draft General Plan. Policies and programs set forth in the Plan provide coherent and concerted measures to protect and preserve natural resources. They include restrictions to hillside and mountain development, discouraging landscapes with non-native plant species, and assessing all impacts associated with developing on vacant lands. Additionally, as a member of the CVAG-coordinated effort to develop the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan, the City is continuing and extending its role as a responsible steward of biological resources. Through the development and implementation of the subject General PIan and associated EIR, the City continues to demonstrate its ability and willingness to implement federal and other guidelines in the protection of threatened and endangered species. Water Resources The impacts of the proposed Plan, including the annexation and SOI amendment, on water resources are expected to be greater than those associated with buildout of the current General Plan and are expected to contribute to the cumulativeimpacts of urban development on groundwater resources in the Coachella Valley. This limited resource will continue to be placed in an overdraft condition unless additional resources are secured for groundwater recharge (also see Sections Ill and Vm of this EIR) The continuing efforts of the City, Coachella Valley Water District and Myoma Dunes Water District to limit the overall and per capita consumption of domestic water is an inherent part of the goals, policies and programs of the Draft General Plan. The City and Coachella Valley Water District have developed and are promoting water -conserving practices, including the continued use of native and non-native drought tolerant landscaping, and water -efficient plumbing features in new development. The City is also directed to coordinate with local water purveyors to expand groundwater recharge efforts. Geotechnical Hazards The City and the planning area are subject to a variety of geotechnical forces which may constitute hazards to property and lives. These potential hazards include ground acceleration or shaking, rock falls and landslides, liquefaction, seismic induced settlement and seismic induced inundation. Section In-c of this BIR and the geotechnical report prepared for the General Plant address the various potential geotechnical hazards of the planning area. To limit these adverse effects, a variety of mitigation measures are set forth in both documents and are incorporated into the General Plan. In addition to the mandatory preparation of fault hazard and other special studies, the General Plan land use plan acts to reduce the exposure of people and property to potential damage .due to substantial seismic events. In conjunction with the implementation of the latest versions of the Uniform Building Code, the policies and programs of the General Plan and the mitigation measures set forth in this document are expected to keep potential geotechnical impacts below levels of significance. 1. "Technical Background Report to the Safety Element of the General Han for the City of La Quinta,,, prepared by Earth Consultants International, November 10,1999. IV-2 TN/City of La Qnitnta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section IV - Unavoidable Significant Impacts Traffic and Circulation The proposed plan substantially increases the amount of potential residential development by 41,923 dwelling units. The majority of these additional residential lands are designated as very low and low density residential, and are particularly concentrated in the southeasterly portion of the planning area. These designations include an agricultural overlay, which maintains the existing rural character of the area thereby directing development further from major roadways. The plan also slightly increases the amount of commercial lands by 373 acres. These additional commercial lands are located primarily along the Highway 111 corridor, Washington Street, Eisenhower Drive, and Harrison Street near the Desert Resorts Airport. It should be noted that a substantial portion of the traffic expected to be associated with these future commercial centers is primarily comprised of traffic already on the roadway Nonetheless, traffic is an ongoing issue, and is expected to increase over time. With buiidout of the proposed plan the total number of trip ends is expected to increase by 1,200,150 daily trip -ends. Therefore, the City has prepared the Draft General Plan with a clear goal toward the preservation of roadway capacity and the assurance of safe and efficient transportation system. Both the proposed plan and the HR. set forth a wide range of policies, programs and mitigation measures which address traffic issues. Furthermore, close consultation with Ca1T`rans and Riverside County will also serve to assure compatible interconnections between jurisdictional systems. The development and implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) techniques, the increased use of alternative modes of travels, and the, use of traffic congestion management strategiesshould contribute to an improvement in roadway functioning as the planning area builds out. General Pfau policies and programs include the integration of the above mentioned transportation deennand management programs, an on -going intersection monitoring program, and a variety of roadway and intersection improvements. Air Quality Implementation of the proposed General Plan, including the annexation area. and SOI amendment area; can be expected to result in an increase in the levels of pollutants which affect the Coachella Valley and the City of La Quinta. Air pollutants come from a variety of sources, and are generally associated with urban development. The most significant air quality impacts result from emissions generated by vehicular traffic, site disturbance, grading and construction activity, and the consumption of natural gas and electricity in the planning area. While the generation of these emissions are thoroughly assessed and mitigated on a project by project basis, and are spread out over the long-term life of the General Plan, they constitute an unavoidable impact to air quality. Nevertheless, advancements in future technologies and pollution reduction are occurring all the time and will help to improve air quality. Additionally, the South Coast Air Quality Management District continually coordinates with CVAG and the City of La Quinta to regulate issues pertaining to regional air quality. IV-3 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR- Section V - Project Alternatives CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL FACT REPORT FOR THE - COMPR1EHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO, 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT V. • PROJECT ALTERNATIVES Introduction Section III of thus document contained detailed analysis of the .impacts associated with the development of the proposed Recommended Alternative, including buildout of. the recommended alternative for Annexation No. 12 and the Sphere of Influence amendment area, and addressed a full range of environmental issues, including traffic and circulation, hydrology, water resources, biological and cultural resources, air quality, noise and public services. This section of the EIR evaluates the same range of issues as they relate to three alternative land use scenarios. The three project alternatives addressed in this section include! I) No Project Alternative, which represents development conditions under the existing General Plan; 2) the More Intense Alternative; and 3) the Less Intense Alternative. The attributes of each alternative are described below; and subsequent discussion focuses on the relative impacts of each. In order to provide a clear comparison of the alternatives, all impacts are analyzed under buildout conditions. V-1 TN/City ofLaQuints Comprehensive General t 1a,JDraft MR Section V - Project Alternatives A. No Project Alternative. The Existing La Quinta General Plan The No Project Alternative represents the continued implementation of the existing City General Plan. It also reflects current Riverside County land use designations on those portions of the planning area currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. The existing General Plan serves as the foundation upon which the Recommended Alternative and two other alternative land use plans are based. The existing General Plan land use plan is illustrated in Exhibit V-1. The Plan is best characterized as creating a tow density resort residential community, with the most intense land uses occurring along Washington Street and Avenue 50. It continues a residential development pattern that consists of predominantly low density attached and detached single family units within standard subdivisions and planned residential developments. As shownin Table V-1, huildout of the residential component of the existing General Plan is expected to result in approximately 37,018 dwelling units, including existing and future units. like the Recommended Alternative discussed in Section ],buildout of the No Project Alternative is based upon the assumption that future residential development will occur at 75% of the maximum densities permitted. At buildout of the existing General Plan, approximately 88% of all residential units are expected to be in the 0 to 8 units per acre range, and the remaining 12% are expected to be in the 9 to 16 units per acre range. Buildout of the existing General Plan would result in about 41,934 fewer units than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. .This is primarily due to the assignment of different land use designations in the southerly and southeasterly portions of the planning area. Under.the existing General Plan, lands generally located between Monroe Street and Tyler Street are designated for Very Low Density Residential or Agricultural uses. The density of dwelling units in this area ranges from 0 to 2 units per acre, which limits the number of total potential dwelling units possible and contributes to the preservation of the area's rural. character. Under the Recommended Alternative discussed in Section f[I, however, this portion of the planning area is designated for Low Density Residential development with an Agricultural Overlay. Densities range from 0 to 4 units per acre, essentially doubling the number of potential dwelling units in this area. Buildout of the existing General Plan would result in approximately 373 fewer acres (3,574,535 fewer square .feet) of commercial space than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. Under the existing General Plan, commercial development is concentrated along Highway 111 and Washington Street, with smaller pockets of . Commercial and Tourist Commercial scattered throughout the remaining planning area. The Recommended Alternative, however, facilitates an additional strip of Comtnunity Commercial development adjacent to the Desert Resorts Airport, and additional pockets of Tourist Commercial and Community Commercial development in the vicinity of PGA West. The existing General. Plan includes four industrial land use designations, and_buildout of this Plan would result in the development of about 20,142,143 square feet (1,360 total acres) of industrial development. This represents .8,693,706 fewer square feet (587 total acres) of building V-2 IN/City of La pinta Comprehensive General Plan a -aft LIR - Seetion V - Project Alternatives space than facilitated by the Recommended Alternative. The Recommended Alternative simplifies industrial land use designations by assigning only one industrial category, and applies the designation to 587 more acres than the existing General Plan, including lands east of Highway 111/Southern Pacific Railroad near the planning area boundary in Thermal. The existing General Plan dedicates 2,404 acres to public and quasi -public space, including land for major community facilities, schools, airports and other institutional facilities. This is comparable to the 2,483 acres designated as public and quasi -public space under the. Recommended Alternative. The additional 79 acres provided under the Recommended Alternative account for community facilities located on 58th Avenue, between Madison and Monroe Streets, and at 48t Avenue and Dune Palms. Open Space lands include parks, golf courses, watercourselflood control facilities, mountainous slopes and other open spaces. The existing General Plan dedicates 12,357 acres to open space, which represents 1,73 fewer Open Space acres• than provided under the Recommended Alternative. The Recommended Alternative designates additional golf courses in the central and southern portions of the City as Open Space. Exhibit V-1 illustrates the land use pattern provided under the existing General Plan, and Table V- 1 quantifies its development potential. Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Area Under the No Project alternative, both the annexation area and the S01 amendment area would be expected to develop under their current designations in Riverside County. As a result, the areas outside the already approved Specific Plans at Coral Mountain and Kohl Ranch would remain primarily in agriculture. The most significant difference between this alternative and the Recommended Alternative is clearly the number of dwelling units which would result. As can be seen in Table V-1, the new residential., units generated on lands currently designated for agriculture throughout the planning area would only total 284. In the annexation and SOI areas, a total of 4,800 new residential units could be expected, resulting in a total number of residential units of 5,869, a. reduction of 25,599 units from the Recommended Alternative. There would be no conversion of agriculture to residential development at urban densities. This alternative would also result in less commercial development in the SOl amendment area, insofar as lands designated in the Recommended Alternative for Community Commercial development along the western side of Harrison Street, and at the corners of Avenue 5$ and Monroe, would remain under County agricultural designations. Industrial lands would not significantly change, since they currently occur under the County General Plan around the Desert Resorts Airport and within the Kohl Ranch Specific Plan area. V-3 Exhibit V-1 ut City of La Quinta General Plan (Existing) LEGEND livads TaWnsh[PJRallge Sections Railroads City Limits (lerhyral. Plan PJnrmin p Area Cily Sphure Pi Irk/limn re Iictido [Ala] Lend Uses Vl.bF Very Low derietty 0-2 dufec AO Agricul wra 1 duPeo 4 NI 0.2-0. iJ dufst 3A 0.4-2 [Ethic t tip tarn trerraity 2-A dulac 29 2-5 dulac MI]FilLfesliurriDensity 4.0 diLlac 2A 5-6 du6dc ZA Alf 5-s dame RM 0 du fac 14411 DP Medium -High Clan shy 842 dine HD#i High Dimity 12-16 doles RH 11 4, rrpe HiISGIdo Ovar a Rural Resfdertliel Dvrlrry Nvrt- Restde nsial Oyerlav Comlrvarcial Land Uses MlRC M1xad Cirrarri arc J1 APfJIIIU Air Parld Mitred use GC Cemrn rdry Cummurcial Cvmtrnergiai NC Nelnhimrhaed CammercJal iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii■ CP Commercial Park D arrce 11111 TC Teurtst oomratcrcia! VC Village Commercial 0 ter Land U 6gs HI Henry lndusSNel LI L1g1ir krduclrial M NErmufsctming MC Major CerrwrimIty Facilities PF Public Facillt[es Schaal P Perk 11,c11hies OS Opart Spate, G Gal Course lapen Space. SN winarsourst?Nocni- Cerium J3 P Air part Scale 1:31,876 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 Feet Riverside County Vicinity Map r. w•i4R'r , Map Prepared orl; July 2e, 2000 Map Nei:wed by; Aerial information Systems Mad Vsralon No.. 5 •*t[f1Rx Nevr4, l9ib' TMCity of La Quints Comprehensive Genera/ Plan/Draft MR Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-1 Current General Plan Land Use Bulldout Statistical Summary Land Use Total Der. Vacant Existing Potential Buildout Acres Acres Acres Units Units' Units AG Agriculture (1 du11O ac) .19,938 16,152 3,786 284 4 (0 - 0,2 duiac) 395 124 271 41 VLDR Very Low Density (0-2. dulac) 891 571 320 480 3B (0.2 - 0.4 du1ac) 275 234 4l 12 3A. (0.4 - 2 dulaC) 719 459 260. 390 IDR Low Density (2-4 duiac) 7,481 3,760 .3,721 11,197* 11,163 32,631 2B (2-5 dufac) 2,518 1,153 1,365 5,119 RYA (4 dulac) 419 208 211 03 MDR Medium Density (4-8 dula,c) 1,626 1,235 391 2,346 2A (5-8 dulac) 55 45 10 60 2A MF (5-8 du/ ) 209 158 51 306 RM (8 diilac) 459 359 .100 600 MifiDR Medium-Eligh (8-12 dulac) 479 : 336 143 1,287 11DR High Density (12-16 dulac) 101 1 100 944** 1,200 4.387 1111 15 dul30 188 103 85 956 Residential Subtotal 35,753 24,898 10,855 12,141 24,877 37,018 Total Dev. Vacant Existing Future Total Acres Acres Acres Sq.Ft.2 Sq,Ft.a Sq 2 114IRC Mixed Commercial 588 156 432 1,494,979 4,139,942 5,634,921 AP/MU Air Park/Mixed Use 84 70 14 670.824 134,165 204,989 CC Community Commercial 111 20 91 191,664 872,071 1,063,735 C Commercial 217 136 . 81 1,303,315 776,239 2,079,554 NC Neighborhood Commercial 75 54 2] 517.493 201,247 718,744 CP Commercial Park . 64 0 64 0 613,325 613,325 0 Oftice 88 48 40 459,994 363,328 843,322 TC Tourist Commercial 272 166 106 1,590,811 1,015,819 2,606,630 VC Village Commercial 125 72 53 689,990 507,910 1,197,904 Commercial Subtotal 1,624 722 902 6,919,070 8,644,046 15,563,116 11.1 Heavy Zndaatria] LI Light Industrial M Manufacturing WID Warehousing/Distribution 132 . 132 0 1,954,973 .0 1,954,973 121 121 0 1,792,058 0 1,792,058 1,041 458 583 6,783,163 8,634,463 15,417,626 66 48 18 710.899 266.587 977,486 Industrial Subtotal 1,360 759 601 11,241,093 8,901,050 20,142,143 V-5 MC Major Conutinnity Facility PF Public Facility School AP Airport IN/City of La Quima Cowehensiire General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - project Alternatives Table V-1(cont'd) Current G-enernl Plan Land Use Bulk/out Statistical Summary Total • Dev. Vacant Acres Acres Acres 1/5 103 12 37 4 37 68 57 11 2,184 560 1,624 Public/Quasi-Public Subtotal • P Dark Facilities OS Open Space G Goff Course W Watercourse/Flood Control 2,404 909 7,855 2,992 601 Open Space Subtotal 12,357 Total 720 1,684 795 114 1,890 5,965 2,646 . 346 468 133 5,799 6,558 Existing Future • Total Stl.FL# Sq.Ft.2 S Ft.2 53,498 32,898 20,600 Includes attached and detached single family housing units, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. q'" Includes multi -family housing unity from two to five -plus and mobile homes, es categ e1zed by CA Dept of Finance, 2000. ' Assumes 75% of the tote/ number of units possible, at maximum permitted density. 2 Assumes 22% lot coverage for commercial development, and 34% lot coverage for industrial development. V-6 l7NlCity of La Qiinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft> Section V - Project Alternatives B. Alternative 1: More Intense Development Scenario Alternative I represents a more intense development scenario than the Recommended Alternative. The land use configuration for this alternative is illustrated in Exhibit V-2, and a statistical land use summary is provided in Table V-2. The overall land use pattern established by the More Intense Alternative is similar to those established by the Recommended Alternative and the existing General Plan. Although the More Intense Alternative provides 29 fewer acres of residential development than the Recommended Alternative, it facilitates the development of 18,223 more dwelling units. This is primarily the result of removing the Agricultural Overlay from Iands in the south-central portion of the planning area, and allowing these lands to develop entirely as low -density residential. Under the Recommended Alternative, residential lands in the eastern planning area include an Agricultural Overlay. Although these lands are designated for Low Density Residential development, the Agricultural Overlay provides property owners with the option of continuing to cultivate existing farms. Under the Recommended Alternative, lands that remain in cultivation will not be available for future low density residential development. Buildout of this portion of the planning area, therefore, will result in a combination of agricultural and low density residential development. Under the More Intense Alternative, however, the Agricultural Overlay is removed, and all lands are available for low density residential development. la addition, the Low Density Residential land use designation is expanded to allow densities of up to 5 dwelling units per acre, which represents an increase of one dwelling unit per acre over the Recommended Alternative, The More intense Alternative also facilitates more medium and high density residential development than the Recommended Alternative, particularly in the northern portion of the planning area along Washington Street, Jefferson Avenue and Avenue 42. As a result, buildout of the More Intense Alternative is expected to result in a substantial increase of 18,223 dwelling units, or about 23% more than the Recommended Alternative. The More Intense Alternative provides for a limited increase of about 29 acres of commercial lands over the Recommended Alternative, but facilitates the same amount of industrial, public and quasi -public, and open space lands as the Recommended Alternative. Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Under this alternative, the Agricultural Overlay does not apply to any of the residential lands within the annexation and SO1 areas, and the low density residential density is increased to 5 units per acre. As a result, the area could see up to 37,313 residential units, 5,845 more than under the Recommended Alternative. This alternative also results in an additional 71.3 acres of vacant high density residential lands, with an additional 856 residential units. Altogether, an additional 6,701 units could be expected in these areas under this alternative. Under this alternative, commercial and industrial development would be equivalent to that in the Recommended Alternative. V-7 Fvhiblt V-2 1 41.11.0 rlaLoyrwasa MILES. 111 Liar orr ,r•w AIRPORT BLVD • akrn Or L. ... I---' A 11 TVA N • City of La Quinta General Plan (High Density Alternative) LEGEND Roads Tawnehlp+Range. Sections Railroads City Limits Gana -rat Plea Planning Area City Sphere of Influernoi A&Sidenhal Land Uses LDR Law Density up to 5 duiee MDR Medium Danalty up to 8 dulec 111111 !MDR Medlum•High Density up to 12 duiac - HDR HIgh Denelky LIP tit 18 duiac Hillside UV9rIay Gommordd Land Uses 1:t tAiRC Miaed Corrarnercral - CC Community Commercial NC Nalghborhnod Commercial - CP Ccmoiarcfsl PFrlr G Qfca ME Tourist Camrn9rfiei VG willaga Cormier dal ❑ [hint Lafrtl Uses Industri ! MC ft 4 Community FatiIlfB3 MON P Park FUGliiSb� Q S Open Spate iiiiiiiiii11. G Golf Colima Open Space - W MELON o-urseFFIVOd'Central AP ► irport. P Flonang Park C}aal�irti4n Scale 1:31,375 O 4,000 8,000 12A00 Feet Riverside County Vicinity Map kVORTH Map Prepared an: July 28, 2000 Map praparrd by' Aerial Infnrmalion Systctnh Map Version No.: 6 I. a TERM NOVA renookr TN'ICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Finn/Draft EIl1 Section V - Project Alternatives 'fable V-2 Alternative I: More Intense Development Scenario Land Use Ituildout Statistical Summary Land Use Total De'. Vacant heisting Potential Buildout Acres Acres Acres Units Units' Units VLDR Very Low Dons. (0-2 dulac) 0 0 - LDR Law Dens. (2-5 dulac) 29,713 9,207 20,506 11,197* 76,898 91,323 MDR Medium Dens, (4-8 th/ac) 2,291 1,753 538 3,228 NQIDR Medium -High dens (8-12 dulac) 563 35i 212~ y 9444* 1,908 5,852 RDR Nigh Dens. (12-16 dulac) 355 105 250 3,000 Residential Subtotal 32,922 11,416 21,506 12,141 85,D34 .97,1175 Total : - Dev. Vacant Existing Future Total Acres Acres Acres Scjirt2 Sq.re Sq.Ft x LVIJRC Mixed Corrunercial 554 197 357 1,887,890 3,421,202 5,309,092 CC Community Commercial . 471 288 183 2,759,962 1,753,726 4,513,688 NC Neighborhood Commercial 213 137 76 1,312,898 728,323 2,041,221 CP Comm rc . 1 Park 64 0 64 . 0 613,325 613, 32S U Office 84 44 40 421,661 383,328 804,989 TC Tourist Commercial 507 328 179 3,143,290 1,715393 4,8.58,683 VC Village Commercial 133 89 44 852,905 421,663 1,274,566 Commercial Subtotal 2,026 1,083 943 10,378,606 9,036,958 19,415,564 I Indnsa ial MC Major Community Facility AP Airport PublicfQuasi-Public Subtotal P Park Facilities OS Open Space G Golf Course W Watercourse 1,947 1,199 748 17,757,670 11,078,179 28,835,849 299 239 2,184 560 2,483 799 60 1,624 1,684 922 795 127 7,902 1,713 6,189 4,694 3,624 .1,070 602 469 133 Open Space Subtotal 14,120 6,601- 7,519 Total 53,498 21,098 32,400 4114. Mai * Includes attached and detached single family housing units, as categorized by CA Dept. of Xainanoo, 2000. ** Includes rnul$-Family hausiag units from two to 11ve-plus and mobile hordes, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. 1 Assllriw 75%of the total number al units possible, at maximum pen -flitted density. Assumes 22 . lot coverage for commercial development, and 34%tot coverage for industrial development. V-9 Ttw7City ofla Quintet Comprehensive General Planfl]raft EH& Section V - Project Alternatives C. Alternative II: Less Intense Development Scenario Alternative II describes a land use configuration that results in less intense development than the Recommended Alternative. Although the Less Intense Alternative designates 241 more acres for residential development than the Recommended Alternative, it results in a substantial decrease in the number of potential dwelling units, approximately 41,605 fewer units than the Recommended Alternative. The -substantial difference in the number of potential dwelling units is primarily due to the assignment of different land nse designations and densities in the south-central portion. of the planning area. Under the Recommended Alternative, lands generally located between Monroe Street and Tyler Street are designated for Low Density Residential development. Vacant ]ands in this area can develop at densities of up to 4 units per acre. Under the Less Intense Alternative, however, these lands are designated for Very Low Density Residential development, and vacant lands may be developed at densities of up to only 2 dwelling units per acre. This difference in land use designations also occurs elsewhere in the planning area and substantially decreases the development potential of the Less Intense Alternative. The Less Intense Alternative also designates fewer acres for commercial .development than the Recommended Alternative. The Less Intense Alternative provides • for 241 fewer acres, or about 2,309,550 fewer square feet of developable commercial space, than the Recommended Alternative. Lands designated for Tourist Commercial development in the Recommended Alternative are changed to Low and Very Low Density Residential in the Less Intense Alternative at the following locations. Eisenhower Drive at Coachella Drive, south of Avenue 52 and west of Jefferson Avenue, and the northeast corner of Avenue 54 and Madison Street. The location and acreage of Industrial, Public/Quasi-Public, and Open Space lands are the same under the.Less Intense Alternative and the Recommended Alternative. The land use pattern established by the Less Intense Alternative is illustrated in Exhibit V-3, and a buildout land use statistical summary is provided in Table V-3. Annexation No. 12 and Sphere of Influence Amendment Under this alternative, most landscurrently designated Low Density residential would be assigned the Very Low Density residential designation. The Agricultural Overlay designation would be preserved. Lands currently developed for agriculture would remain in agriculture, The maximum number of single family residential units would be 3,226, for a maximum potential number of residential units of 6,462, a reduction of 25,006 units. This alternative has roughly equivalent amounts of commercial and industrial lands as. the Recommended Alternative. V-10 Mid art►' r i .A' Exhibit V-3 Citf La Quinta General Plan (Low Density Alternative) LEGEND Pusds Township/Renge Sections A$Ilrwade CIty Limits Gerlsral flan Planning Aram City Sphere Of InhIUarlpe R4ddontiel Land 'Thee VLRR Very LOW penalty up to 2 dulac LDR Low DerWily Pp 10 4 CufPc MOR Alfediurri Dangly tip to 8 ta.Vea MHDR1Nedlum-High Density up to 12 duiaa 11 IHDR High tin try up to 16 du/a6 Hillside Overlay Agecu Lure Overlay ComrnercI 1 Land Wits ▪ RAMC Mixed Carumexcial CC. Community Commercial NC Neighborhood Commercial MEM CP Commercial Perk ▪ O Office TC TCurlst Commercial YC VillagC Ccminerclel 4trwr Lsncl Lim I Industrial MC Maier COMmunlwY Facilities P Park FaCiPIti OS Open SpaC• 8 8cIf Course Open Space AI WatercourselFlood Control qP Airport Floating Park 'Designation Scale 1:31,1375 0 4,000 $,OOO 12,000 Feet Riverside County Vicinity Map Map Prepared an: July 28, 2000 Map Prepared by, Aerial hdurmelien Systeme Map Version ND.: 5 NORTH TN/City of La Quinlu Comprehensive General PlanfDraf E!R Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-3 Alternative II: Less Intense Development Scenario Land Use I uildout Statistical Summary Land Use Total Dev. Vacant Existing Potential Bulldout Acres Acres Acres thi its Unitsr Units VLOR Very Low Dens. (0-2 du/Lie) 22,924 17,330 5,594 8, LDIz Low Dens- (2-4 dulac) 7,121 3,844 3,277 11,197* 9,831 33,067 MDR Medium Dens. (4-8 dulac) 2,361 1,753 608 3 8 MHDR Medium -High Dens (8-12 du#acl 563 351 212 - 944** 1,908 4,280 HDR High Dens. (12-1 b duiac) 223 104 119 Mal Residential Subtotal 33,192 23,382 9,810 12,141 25,206 37,347 Total DDT. Vacant Existing Future ` Total Acres Acres Acres Sq.Li't Sq.Ft.2 Sq. z MJRC Mixed Commercial 520 197 323 1,887,890 3,095,374 4,9E3,264 CC Community Commercial 484 2E8 196 2,759,962 1,878,307 4,638,269 NC Neighborhood Commercial 194 135 59 1,293,732 565,409 1,859,141 CP Commercial Park 64 0 64 0 613,325 613,325 0 Office 83 43 40 4L2,078 383,328 795,406 TC Tourist Commercial 278 1.65 113 1,581,228 1,082,902 2,664,130 VC Village Commercial 133 89 44 852,905 421,661 1,274,56E Commercial Subtotal 1,756 917 839 K,787,795 8,040,306 16,328,101 I Industrial 1,947 1,199 748 17,757,670 11,078,179 23,835,849 MC Major Community Facility AP Airport 299 239 60 2,184 560 1,624 Public/Quasi-Public Subtotal 2,483 799 1,684 P Park Facilities 922 795 127 OS Open Space 7,902 1,713 6,189 G Golf Course 4,694 3,624 1,070 Watercourse 602 469 133 Open Space Subtotal 14,120 6,601 7,519 Total 53,498 32,398 20,600 * Includes attached and detached single family housing units, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. ' ** Includes multi -family housing units frarn two to five -plus and mobile homes, as categorized by CA Dept. of Finance, 2000. Assumes 75% 4f the total number of units passible, at maximum permitted density, **Assumes 22% lot coverage For carnmerciai development, and 34% lot coverage far industrial development, V-12 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives D. Land Use, Environmental and Service Impacts The environmental and service issues discussed below are the same as those addressed in association with the Rccamnznended Alternative in Section Il.l, The following discussions address the potentially significant impacts associated with each of the three project alternatives. By comparing the land use allocations of each of the scenarios, a logical prediction of the impacts associated with buildout of each alternative can be made, Each alternative is compared to and measured against the project impacts expected to result from buildout of the Recommended Alternative, Land Use No Project Alternative I3uildaut of the existing General Plan (No Project Alternative) is expected to result in the development of 41,934 fewer dwelling units (53% less) than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. This is primarily due to the existing General Plan's assignment of Agricultural or Very Low Density Residential land use designations in the southeasterly portion of the planning area. The continued implementation of low impact land use designations will maintain arid preserve the rural, agrarian character of this portion of the planning area. However, the development potential of these lands will not be fully realized, and the level of public services available to the area will continue to be limited. The current General Plan also provides for about 373 fewer acres of commercial lands and about 587 fever acres of industrial lands than the Recommended Alternative. Under the current Plan, commercial uses are concentrated along Washington Street and Highway 111 in the northern portion of the planning arca, with smaller pockets of Tourist Commercial and Neighborhood Commercial development scattered in the southerly portions of the planning area. Commercial land use designations in the vicinity of the Desert Resorts Airport are extremely limited and include those that would support future residential development rather than expanding airport or industrial operations. Thu current General Plan designates 79 fewer acres of Public/Quasi-Public lands and about 1,763 fewer acres of Open Space than the Recommended Alternative. The majority of Open Space lands occur within the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, as well as Lake Cahuilla and numerous golf courses in the planning area, in summary, the existing General Plan Alternative, in comparison to the Recommended Alternative, represents a significant decrease in residential development potential, and a moderate decrease in commercial, industrial and open space lands. It is directed at maintaining the very low density, agrarian character of the southeastern portion of the planning area, the Annexation No. 12 area and the Sphere of Influence amendment area, and at concentrating commercial development along the Highway 111 corridor. Industrial development would occur primarily around the Desert Resorts Airport. V-13 '1N/City of La Quinta Comprehensive, General Plan/Draft Elk Section V - Project Alternatives Alternative I: Afore Intense Development Scenario Buildout of the more intensive land use scenario is expected to result in the development of about 18,223 more dwelling units than the Recommended Alternative, which represents a 23% increase in the number of potential units. In the annexation and SOI areas, an additional 5,845 units would be constructed, representing an increase of 19% over the Recommended Alternative. Although the .More Intense development pattern is largely comparable to that of the Recommended Alternative, it removes the Agricultural Overlay in the planning area, annexation and SOI areas, thereby making all lands available for low density residential development. Furthermore, under the More Intense Alternative, Low Density Residential lands can accommodate up to 5 dwelling units per acre, which represents an increase of one dwelling unit per acre over the recommended Alternative and results in a substantial increase in the number of potential dwelling units. Implementation of the More Intense Alternative will facilitate the conversion of all lands in this region from agriculture to low density residential, while implementation of the Recommended Alternative will allow a combination of agriculture and low density residential development. Alternative 1 also provides 29 more acres of Mixed Use Commercial and Neighborhood Commercial land than the Recommended Alternative, which represents only a 1.4% increase in commercial lands. The locations and acreages of industrial, public/quasi public, and open space lands are essentially the same under both the More Intense Alternative and the Recommended Alternative. in summary, compared to the Recommended Alternative, buildout of the More Intense Alternative is expected to result in a substantial increase in residential development and the conversion of agricultural lands to residential development in the planning area, annexation area and SOI area. Compared to the Recommended Alternative, the More Intense Alternative represents only a minor increase in commercial lands and no change in industrial, public and quasi -public, and open space lands. Alternative LIT: Less Intense Development .icetw.rio Although the Less Intense Alternative designates about 241 more acres for residential development than the Recommended Alternative, buildout of the Legs Intense Alternative is expected to result in a substantial decrease in the number of potential dwelling units. Buildout of Alternative 111 could potentially result in the development of about 41,605 fewer dwelling units (53% fewer units) than bnildout of the Recommended Alternative for the entire General Plan area. In the annexation area and SOI arca, this alternative results in 25,006 fewer units. This decrease is primarily due to the assignment of different land use designations between Monroe Street and Tyler Street. The Less Intense Alternative designates these lands for Very Low Density Residential development, which limits development densities to a maximum of 2. units per acre. The Recommended .Alternative, however, designates these lands for Low Density Residential development, with densities of up to 4 units per acre. Both the Recommended Alternative and the Less Tntense Alternative apply an Agricultural Overlay to lands in this area, thereby allowing existing agricultural operations to continue at the property owners' discretion. V-14 TN/City of La Quints C:omprehn ive General Planllaraft FIR Section V -Project Alternatives While implementation of the Less Intense Alternative would better preserve the rural character of the southeasterly portion of the planning area, the annexation area and the SDI area, it will not take full advantage of the development potential of these lands. Compared to the Recommended Alternative, the Less Intense Alternative represents a reduction of about 24 acres (12% fewer) of commercial development. Potetktial industrial development and other land use categories, including Public/Quasi-Public and Open Spaces lands, are identical under both the Recommended Alternative and the Less Intense Alternative. In summary, when compared to the Recommended Alternative, the Less Intense Alternative represents a significant reduction in potential residential development, a moderate reduction in commercial development potential, and no change in industrial, publici quasi -public, or open space lands. Agricultural Resources No Project Alternative Buildout of the existing General Plan (No Project Alternative) would have a lower impact on agricultural resources than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. This is primarily due to the existing General Plan's assignment of Agricultural or Very Low Density Residential land use designations in the southeasterly portion of the planning area. The preservation cif the County agricultural land use designation will also preserve the rural, agrarian character of this portion of the planning area. Williamson Act contracts would be preserved in perpetuity: However, the development potential of these lands will not be fully realized, and the level of public services available to the area will continue to be ]united. Alternative I: More Intense Development Scenario Buildout of the more intensive land use scenario is expected to result in a greater impact to agricultural resources. Although the More Intense development pattern is largely comparable to that of the Recommended Alternative, it removes the Agricultural Overlay in the planning area, annexation and SD1 areas, thereby making all lands available for low density residential development, without the preservation of agricultural lands offered by the Overlay. Implementation of the More Intense Alternative will facilitate the conversion of all lands to low density residential, while implementation of the Recommended Alternative will allow a combination of agriculture and low density residential development, Alternative T; Less Intense De velopinen r .Scenario Buildout of the Less Intense Alternative is expected to result in a substantial decrease in the number of potential dwelling units. This decrease is primarily Clue to the assignment of different land use designations between Monroe Street and Tyler Street. The Less Intense Alternative designates these lands for Very Low Density Residential development, which limits development densities to a maximum of 2 units per acre, which is more compatible with the rural agrarian character of the area at this time. The Agricultural Overlay would be applied to lands in this area, thereby allowing existing agricultural operations to continue at the property owners' discretion. V-15 '1'N/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section V - Project Alternatives Ultimate buildout, however, would result in the conversion of currently agricultural lands to residential, albeit very low density, land uses. Traffic/CircuIation No Project Alternative As described in the City of La Quinta General Plan Update Traffic Study', buildout of the existing General Plan is projected to generate a total of 934,182 trip -ends per day. A proportional reduction would be expected in the annexation and SOI areas. This represents 265,968 fewer trip -ends per day (22% fewer) than expected at buildout of the Recommended Alternative. Of the four project alternatives, the No Project Alternative will generate the fewest trip -ends per day and appears to be the superior alternative, in this regard. At buildout of the existing General Plan, nine roadway intersections are expected to exceed typical Average Daily Traffic (ADT) volume capacities. This represents an improvement over conditions expected at buildout of the Recommended Alternative, in which fifteen roadway intersections are expected to exceed typical ADT capacities. There would he a slight improvement in levels of service at intersections within the annexation and SOI areas, Under the existing General Plan, no roadway segments have been identified which exceed acceptable levels -of -service (LOS). All segments are expected to operate at LOS D or better. Two of the roadway segments analyzed are expected to operate at higher levels -of -service, than under the Recommended Alternative. Alternative 1. More Intense Development Scenario The More Intense Alternative represents the most significant impacts on the circulation system with regard to Levels -of -Service, trip generation and average daily traffic volumes, It is expected to generate approximately 1,261,943 trip -ends per day, the highest trip generation rate of all four project alternatives. This represents an increase of 51,793 trip -ends per day, or about 5%, over the Recommended Alternative. The increase can be largely attributed to a corresponding increase in the potential number of single-family dwelling units. Under the More Intense Alternative, 17 roadway segments arc expected to exceed typical ADT capacities, which represents two links more than expected under the Recommended Alternative. At buildout of the More Intense Alternative, three intersections, including the following, are expected to function at LOS E during the PM peak hour: Washington Street at Hovley Lane, Jefferson Street at Country Club Drive, and Highway 111 at Airport Boulevard, Operation of intersections within the annexation and SDI intersections would be comparable to the Recommended Alternative. All other intersections are expected to function at LOS D or better, It is assumed that the same roadway improvements and classifications proposed for the Recommended Alternative in Section lIl will also be implemented for this alternative. "City of La Quinta General Plan Update Traffic Study (Revised)," RKJK & Asociates, Inc., September 28, 2000. TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Alternative II: Less Intense Development Scenario Buildout of the Less Intense Alternative is expected to generate 1,031,147 trip -ends per day, which represents a decrease of 169,003 trip -ends per day, or about 14% fewer than the Recommended Alternative. This natderate decrease can be attributed to a decrease in the number of potential dwelling units and commercial development. Under the Less Intense Alternative, eight roadway links are expected to exceed the average daily traffic, volume capacities, which represents one link less than expected at buildout of the Recommended Alternative. At buildout of the Less Intense Alternative, no roadway intersections are expected to operate below acceptable levels -of -service. A slight improvement in level of service would be expected within the annexation and SOI areas. All intersections are expected to operate at LOS D or better. Table V-4 below provides a summary of intersection levels -of -service (LOS) anticipated at buildout of each project alternative. Table V-4 Comparison of' Intersection Impacts I'or Each Project Alternative Roadway Link Recommended Alt. No Project Alt. More Intense Alt. Less Intense Alt. LUSO cufpm)* LUS{am}pm) LOS(am{pm) LOS(amipm) Washington St. at: • Country Club Dr. D/D D!D D/D DID • Hovley Lia, CID CID D!E DM • Fred Waring Dr. DID DID DID DID • Miles Are e. D/D DJD DID DM • SR-111 D10 DID DID DID • Eisenhower I)r. D1T) DM DID [VD • Avenue 50 DID D{D DM DID Jefferson St. at: • Country Club Dr. DID DAD DiF, D!D • Avenue 44 CID CID CO CID • Miles Ave. C!D CID CID C1D • SR-111 CID CID CID CIC • Avenue 4$ I ND DWI) DID DC • Avenue 50 CM C/C CID CC Madison St, at: • Avenue 50 DID D!D DID CID • Avenue 52 DID CC CID CIC V-17 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section V - Project Alternatives Table -4 (cont'd) Comparison of Intersection Impacts For Each Project Alternative Roadway Link Recommended Alt. No Project Alt. More Intense Alt. Less Intense Alt, LOS(amfpni) LOS(amlpm) LOS(arnlpm) LOS(arnlpm) Jackson St. at: • Airport Blvd. Harrison St, at: • Airport Blvd, S R-111 at: • Airport Blvd. • Avenue 62 DID Dip DID DIL) DID CID DID DiD CID DID DID C'JD DIE I71D DID DID * AM and PM peak hour Levels -of -Service are provided. Source: "City of La QuintE< General Plan Update'1'raflfic Studv (Revised)", RKJK & ASs4CEates, Inc., September 2g, 200, Soils and Geology Given its location within a seismically active region, the City of La Quinta is expected to be exposed to potentially significant ground shaking and other geotechnical forces. The northernmost portion of the planning area and land adjaeent to the Whitewater River is susceptible to wind hazards, while low-lying lands in the central and easterly portions of the planning area may be subject to liquefaction. Development adjacent to the slopes and alluvial fans of the. Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains is subject to potential slope instability and collapsible soils. Development throughout much of the planning area, which occurs ,along the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, could experience expansive soils. The risk to life and property can be expcctcd to be proportional to the intensity of development occurring within geotechnically unsafe areas. The level of development facilitated by the Less Intense Alternative is comparable to that facilitated by the existing General Plan. Buildout of these two scenarios would result in the least amount of urban development of the four alternatives, and therefore would be expected to expose the fewest people and structures to potential seismic and geologic hazards. Nonetheless, potential impacts from geologic and seismic hazards are expected to be largely comparable for each project alternative, given that the same construction techniques and building code requirements would be imposed on all new development. None of the project alternatives propose development in areas which increase exposure to an unmitigatable geologic threat beyond that already identified in Section I11. The four land use scenarios differ in development patterns and intensities, however each alternative maintains a low density land use plan that minimizes, to some extent, the exposure of large numbers of people to geologic risks, Each of the project alternatives designates the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains as Open Space with a Hillside Overlay, which minimizes potential hazards associated with rockfall and slope instability. Other potential hazards in the planning area are rnitigatable, and the mitigation measures set forth in Section III of this document are expected to minimize potential geotechnical impacts for all project alternatives. Detailed V-18 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section V - Project Alternatives geotechnical and engineering analysis would be performed prior to development, as necessary, regardless of which project alternative is implemented. Hydrology Because of the Coachella Valley's relative isolation from moist coastal air masses and the extreme aridity of the desert environment, the region experiences extremely low mean annual rainfall. However, the region is also susceptible to occasional severe thunderstorms, and sufficient amounts of rainfall can quickly saturate sandy soils in the planning area, thereby eliminating percolation and substantially increasing runoff. Portions of the planning area are located within the 10C-year and 50D-year flocdplains, as indicated on FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Capital improvements, including the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, Rear Creek Channel, East La Quinta Channel, and Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel, have been constructed to manage local runoff throughout much of the planning a.rca. However, some developed areas within the planning area continue to be impacted by the threat of inundation Developed lands in the vicinity of Washington Street and Eisenhower Drive, south of the La Quinta Evacuation Channel, for example, are contained within the 10J0-year floodplain. The 500-year flood is projected to inundate the entire Cove area, lands adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel north of Highway 111, and lands adjacent to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel in the easterly portion of the planning area. Buildout of each of the project alternatives will result in increased runoff associated with the construction of new buildings, parking lots, sidewalks and other impervious surfaces. Future development also has the potential to alter existing drainage patterns, and in some areas, could result in the accumulation of debris during large storms. Buildout of Alternative I will result in the most intensive development and therefore is expected to generate the greatest amount of runoff. Buildout cf the existing General Plart and Less Intense Alternative are expected to result in comparable levels of development and represent the least intensive impacts to the planning area. In this regard, the Na Project and Less Intense alternatives appear to be the most favorable of the four project alternatives. Nonetheless, each of the alternatives assigns a "Watercourse/Flood Control" land use designation to major floodways and channels in an effort to preserve them as open space and rninifni.ze the potential risks associated with flooding. Each of the four alternatives assigns this designation to 602 acres, so that no alternative is superior in this regard. Regardless of which alternative is implemented, the City will continue to require that 100-year stormwater flows be retained on - site. The regional backbone drainage system has been constructed, is being upgraded, or has already been designed throughout tnuch of the planning area. Flood control improvements for the Village, including curbs and gutters and possibly storm drains, are currently in the design phase. It is assumed that additional flood control improvements will be constructed, as necessary, regardless of which project alternative is implemented. None of the four alternatives is expected to have any significant effect or advantage with regard to the efficacy of these facilities. V-19 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PlanfDraft EH& Section V - Project Alternatives Water Quality/Resources Water Consumption Domestic water is extracted from the lower Thermal subarea of the Whitewater River Subbasin, a subsurface aquifer that underlies much of the planning area. As discussed in Section III of this document, the subbasin is currently in an overdraft condition of about 0,24% per year. The subbasin is replenished hy Colorado River water that is transported to the Coachella Valley via the Colorado River Aqueduct. The majority of the planning urea is located within the service area of the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD). The Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company provides domestic water to the Bermuda Dunes area. Both providers utilize wells to extract water from the Whitewater River Subhasin. Most development in the south-central and southeasterly portions of the planning area is not connected .to the public water delivery .system and continues to rely on on -site wells. CVWD has derived an aggregate water consumption figure of 550 gallons per day (gpd) that accounts for all water uses in the community, including residential, commercial, industrial, golf course, irrigation and other uses. This figure is useful in estimating existing and future demand for domestic water and is applied to the projected buildout population of each project alternative below. No Project Alternative Entire General Plan Area: Projected Water Demand = 92,652 residents x 550 gpd = 50,958,600 gpd Annexation No. 12 and SOI Areas: Projected Water Demand = 16,140 residents x 550 gpd 8,876,863 gpd Alternative 1: More Intense Development Scenario Projected Water Demand = 258,084 residents x 550 gpd = 141,946,200 gpd Annexation No. 12 and SOI Areas: Projected Water Demand = 102,611 residents x 550 gpd 56,435,913 gpd Alternative II: Less Intense Development Scenario Projected Water Demand = 93,557 residents x 550 gpd = 51,456,350 gpd Annexation No. 12 and SQl Areas: Projected Water Demand = 17,771 residents x 550 gpd = 9,773,775 gpd As discussed in Section III, the water demand anticipated at buildout of the Recommended Alternative is estimated to be 114,383,500 gpd for the entire General Plan Area, and 47,595,350 gpd in the annexation and SGI areas. From a water consumption perspective, the No Project Alternative is the superior project alternative, closely followed by the Less 'Intense Alternative. Buildout of either of these two alternatives is expected to result in about 55% less water consumption than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. The More Intense Alternative represents an increase of about 24% over the Recommended Alternative. TN!City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Ptan/Draft P.IR Section V - Project Alternatives In summary, buildout of the Recommended or More Intense Alternatives is expected to represent a substantial increase in water consumption over bulldout of the No Project or Less Intense Alternatives. The mitigation measures set forth in Section III are designed to reduce potential impacts to water resources to acceptable levels, and are applicable to all four project alternatives. Regardless of which alternative is implemented, the Coachella Valley Water District and Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company will continue to encourage and influence water conservation efforts. The use of tertiary treated water, drought -tolerant landscaping, efficient irrigation systems, and water -conserving appliances will continue to reduce the direct demand for groundwater. The groundwater replenishment program will contribute to recharge of the Whitewater River Subbasir] and an overall reduction in overdraft. Water Quality Water quality could also be adversely affected by buildout of the proposed project alternatives. The generation of water -polluting substances is closely related to the intensity and type of development within the planning area. The construction of new roads, sidewalks, parking lots and other hardscape elements which collect and transport runoff could further increase the risk of groundwater contamination. Each of the project alternatives facilitates additional urban development and has the opportunity to introduce new pollutants into the groundwater table. The conversion of agricultural lands to residential development in the southeasterly planning area, annexation and SOI areas as proposed by the Recommended, More Intense and less Intense Alternatives, may have a net positive effect on groundwater quality. In the application of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and other chemical agents, agricultural cultivation has the potential to generate substantial amounts of groundwater pollutants. By facilitating the conversion of agricultural lands to low density residential development in this portion of the planning area, the Recommended, More Intense and Less Intense project alternatives reduce the risk associated with agricultural chemicals. Int addition, existing development itt the southeasterly portion of the planning area and portions of the annexation and SOI areas are not currently connected to the community sewer system and rely upon individual septic systems. The long- term use of septic systems has been associated with groundwater contamination elsewhere in the Coachella Valley in the past decade. The development of low density residences in this area will increase the demand for public services, and will likely result in the expansion of the community sewer system. The abandonment of private septic systems will further reduce the threat of groundwater contamination in this portion of the planning area. It is important to note that none of the project alternatives proposes development that is expected to generate, discharge or dispose of significant quantities of hazardous or toxic materials. Regardless of which project alternative is implemented, the City will continue to comply with the requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), encourage the expansion of CVWD's sewer system to existing and new development, and evaluate proposed projects for their potential to contaminate groundwater resources. V-21 TN/City of La Q1tit to Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Biological Resources The General Plan planning area is composed of a unique environment that supports diverse and occasionally highly specialized plant and animal communities, Terrain within the planning area varies significantly, ranging from steep, rocky slopes in the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, to gently sloping sand fields in the north, and low-lying agricultural lands in the east. The City's unique location straddling the shoreline of ancient Lake Gahuilla also influences the presence and variety of biological resources in the area. The existing General Plan provides for approximately 7,855 acres of Open Space in the planning area, as compared to the 7,902 acres provided by the three other project alternatives. Each of the alternatives preserves the slopes of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, where many sensitive biological species such as the Peninsular bighorn sheep arc located, as Open Space. Each of the alternatives designates Sections 25 and 30, Township 6 South, Range 6 East, which occur within the Santa Rosa Mountains Wilderness Study Area, as Open Space. None of the alternatives entertains future development within the mountain foothills or within floodways or drainage channels. Although the intensity of land uses and development varies to some degree between the alternatives considered, in most instances, continued development will .remove native vegetation and wildlife from disturbed sites. Regardless which alternative is implemented, invasive, toxic and non-native plant species may make the remaining environment uninhabitable for native species. The No Project Alternative and the less Intense Alternative will likely have the greatest potential for the re-establishment of landscaped areas, including residential yards, parks and public open spaces, which may attract native plant and animal species lost to development. These two alternatives facilitate development at lower densities and intensities than the Recommended and lvfore Intense Alternatives. They will help preserve, to some extent, the rural, agrarian character of the southeasterly portion of the planning area, the annexation and S0I areas, thereby retaining more area for landscaping, residential yards and agricultural cultivation. Although the Recommended Alternative also preserves existing agricultural operations in this area, it and the More. Intense Alternative facilitate future development at higher densities and intensities. Buildout of the Recommended Alternative or Mute Intense Alternative will disturb more acreage and retain fewer open spaces that could be used for foraging and nesting. Golf courses can also serve as important habitat and nesting/foraging sites for birds and small mammals. The No project Alternative designates only 2,992 acres for golf course development, compared to the. 4,694 acres proposed by the three other alternatives. This represents 1,702 fewer acres of golf course open space (3 i% fewer acres) than the three other alternatives, and contributes to a substantial shortage of potential, though marginal, wildlife habitat. The mitigation measures set forth in Section III of this document can be applied to any of the four project alternatives. Regardless which alternative is implemented, the City will continue its joint efforts with surrounding jurisdictions to put into place a regional multi -species habitat V-22 TN/City of La Quints Comprehenswe funeral Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives conservation plan. This effort and existing state and federal regulations will continue to affect the pattern of urbanization iri the City and vicinity. The City will continue to require species -specific surveys, where necessary, to determine the presence of sensitive .species prior to development, and to establish appropriate site -specific mitigation measures, Cultural Resources Because of its unique location straddling the shoreline of ancient Labe Cahuilla, the planning area contains one of the densest concentrations of archaeological sites in California. Cultural resources in the planning area include per -historic settlement site. associated with the Desert Cahuilla, twentieth century date palm groves, and historic buildings such as the La Quints Hotel. The community's cultural resources appear to be equally impacted by each of the four land use alternatives. While the intensity of development varies with each alternative, the patterns of urban development and the lands to be impacted are essentially the same. State and federal regulations regarding the identification and protection of cultural resources will remain the same, regardless of which land use scenario is implemented. The potential impacts associated with each of the alternatives are expected to he comparable to one another. Air Quality As demonstrated in the air quality tables in Section III of this document, and those presented below, emissions for all project alternatives are expected to exceed the SCAQMD threshold criteria, However, it is important to note that these pollutants will be emitted over the life of the General Plan, and will not be emitted in a concentrated manner at one time. Future technologies are expected to contribute to substantial reductions in pollution emissions. As can be seen by comparing the cumulative air emissions totals for each of the four project alternatives, the No Project Alternative is expected to generate the least pollutants, closely followed by the Less Intense Alternative. The Recommended Alternative represents a moderate increase in pollutant emissions, and the More Intense Alternative is expected to generate the greatest emissions of all the project alternatives, Buildout of both the annexation area and the SDI area will contribute proportionally to these impacts. V-23 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft MR. Section V - Project Alternatives No Project Alternative Table V-5 No Project Alternative: Existing General Plan Anticipated Cumulative Daily Project -Related Emissions (lbs..tday) Stationary Moving Source Emissions Source Emissions 1ttreshold Criteria* Power Plants Natural Gas Vehicles Consumption at 50 mph** Total Pounds Per Day Total Pounds Per Day Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Oxides Particulates ROCs 364.26 629.54 14,476.73 15,470.53 2,094.48 2,993.63 2,969.59 8,057.70 218,55 negligible 218.55 72,85 6,29 123.74 202.88 18.21 166.83 556.80 741.84 550.00 100.00 150.00 150.00 75.00 * Threshold criteria offered by South Coast Air Quality Management District for assistance in determining the significance of air quality impacts. ** Based on EMFAC7G'1'raffic Emissions Model, provided by California Ait Resources Board. Source: "CEQA Air Quality Handbook," South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. 41tlw w ati e I: More Intense Development Scenario Table V-6 Alternative I: More Intense Alternative Anticipated Cumulative Daily Project -Related Emissions (lbs.lday) Stationary Moving Saurcc Emisgians Source Emissions Threshold Criteria* Total Power Natural Gas Vehicles Pounds Plants Consumption ai 50 Enph*" Per Day Total Pounds Per Day Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Oxides Particulates ROCs 629.85 1,379.82 19,555.94 21.565.61 3,621.63 6,171.74 4,011.47 13,804.84 377.91 negligible - 377.91 125.97 13.80 167.14 306.91 31.49 365.66 752.15 1,149.30 550,00 100,00 150,00 150.00 75.00 * Threshold criteria offered by South Coast Air Quality Ntanagcmenr District for assistance in significance of air quality impacts. ** Based on F_MFAC7G Traffic Emissions Model, provided by California Air Resources Board. Source: "CEQA Air Quality Handbook," South Coast Aix Quality Management District. April 1993. determining the V-24 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Alternative II: Less intense Development Scenario Table V-7 Alternative II: Less Intense Alternative Anticipated Cumulative Daily Project -Related Emissions (lbs.lday) Stationary Moving Threshold Source Emissions Source Emissions Criteria* Total Total Power Natural Gas Vehicles Pounds Pounds Plants Consumption at 50 mph** Per Day Per Day Carbon Monoxide 420.26 70.44 15,979.36 17,109.06 550.00 Nitrogen Oxides 2,416.48 3,464.79 3,277.82 9,159,09 100.00 Sulfur Oxides 252.15 negligible --- 252.15 150.00 Particulates 84.05 7.09 136.58 227.72 150.00 ROCs 21.01 188.01 614.59 823.61 75.00 * Threshold criteria offered by South Cuast Air Quality Management District for assistance in determining the significance of air quality impacts. ** Based on EMFAC7G Traffic Emissions Model, provided by California Air Resources Board. Source: "CEQA Aix' Quality Handbook," South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. Noise A detailed noise impact study was prepared for the Recommended Alternative, as well as the three other project alternatives. The report is included itt its entirety in Appendix E of this document, and the results arc summarized below. Twenty-four roadway links in the planning area were analyzed, and CNEL noise levels at 100 feet from the roadway centerline were projected for each project alternative. V-25 'fN/City of La Quint?. Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-S Comparison of Anticipated Noise Levels Generated by Each Prroject Alternative NEL at 100 meet from CeTaterlrine (dBA) Ri adway Recommended No Project Afore Intense Less intense Segment Alternative Alternative AIternative Alternative Washington St. of o Avenue 42 70.4 70.3 70.4 70.3 sio Avenue 44 71.5 71.3 71.5 71.3 slo 1-Iighway-111 73.3 73.0 73.3 73.0 No Avenue 50 70.4 70.4 70.5 70.2 No Avenue 52 69,0 68.8 69.1 68.2 Jefferson St. nio Highway-111 sio Avenue 48 Madison St. No Avenue 52 ski Avenue 54 Harrison St. sin Airport Blvd. sio Avenue 60 SR-111 sic Avenue 60 Avenue 44 w/o Jefferson St. Ilighway 111 wlu Jefferson St. Avenue 48 w/o Jefferson St. Avenue 50 w/o Jefferson St. elo Jefferson St. Avenue 52 w/o Jefferson St. do Madison St. w/o Van Buren St. Airport Blvd. efo Madison St. w/o Van Buren St. w/o SR-111 Avenue 60 w/o Filmore St. 68.4 68.1 68.5 67.7 6.9 69.3 70.0 69.0 67.3 66.1 67,2 65.8 69,6 68.7 69.7 68.7 70,5 69.8 70.7 70.0 69.3 68.4 69.4 68.4 66.1 66.1 66.6 66.2 67.8 67.6 68.0 67.7 70.0 70.0 70.1 69.8 68.4 68.3 68:5 67.3 67.2 66.9 67.3 66.6 66.4 65.3 66,6 65.2 68.0 67.1 68.2 66.9 66.9 65.1 66.9 65.0 66.2 64.9 66.3 65.0 65.7 64.0 65.8 64.8 67.5 66.2 67.7 66.8 68.4 66.7 68.9 68.1 62.8 61,3 64.7 62.3 Tour=; "City at La Qumta Noise Element Update Tcchn earReport," RKJK & Asociate September 22, 2000 The data provided in the table above indicate that the More Intense Alternative is expected to generate the highest CNEL levels for 20 (83%) of the 24 links mudded, and is therefore anticipated to result in the greatest adverse impacts to the noise environment. The Recommended Alternative is generally expected to result in the second highest CNEL levels for the roadway segments evaluated, Noise impacts associated with buildout of the existing General Plan and the Less Intense Alternative are largely comparable to one another, and represent the lowest CNEL levels of the four project alternatives. V-26 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives The table above also shows that the noise impacts associated with each alternative deviate only slightly from one another, and there is no significantly superior alternative. A comparison of the anticipated noise levels for all the project alternatives indicates that noise levels are expected to vary by less than 3 dBA (the deviation is greater than 3 for only one roadway segment: Avenue 60 west of Filrnore Street). Noise increases greater than 3.0 dBA are generally audible to the human ear. arid increases between 1.0 and 3.0 dBA are considered to be potentially audible, Therefore, noise impacts resulting from buildout of each of the four project alternatives, for the entire General Plan and for the annexation and SOI areas, are expected to be largely comparable. None of the project alternatives proposes a laud use pattern that will be substantially impacted by regional rail or air traffic. In the SOI area, care will need to be taken to ensure that future development is not significantly impacted by noise generated at the Desert Resorts Airport under all alternatives. The Kohl Ranch project, which occurs under all alternatives, provides a buffer between the airport and sensitive receptors, by locating industrial land uses close to the airport. Regardless which alternative is selected, traffic noise will continue to be the most significant noise source for the entire General Plan area, as well as the annexation and SOI areas. The relatively limited intensity of land uses proposed by each alternative assures limited impacts to the noise environment. Opportunities for mitigating noise impacts are essentially the same for each of the alternatives considered. Visual Resources Visual impacts associated with each of the project alternatives are expected to be largely the same for much of the planning area, All four alternatives preserve the visual resources of the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains by designating them as Open Space. Differences are expected to be apparent, however, in the southeasterly portions of the planning area and the annexation and SDI areas, which are currently characterized by agriculture and limited, scattered residential development. No Project Alternative In the southeasterly portion of the planning area and the annexation and SOI area, buildout of the. existing General Plan will result in fewer adverse visual impacts than buildout of the Recommended Alternative. The existing General Plan designates a substantial portion of these lands, between Monroe and Tyler Streets, and east of Polk Street, for agriculture, with residential densities of one dwelling unit per ten acres. Limited parcels north of Airport Boulevard and east of Polk Street are designated for Very Low Density Residential, with densities of up to 2 dwelling units per acre. Under the existing General Plan, the rural character of the arca will be preserved, and existing agricultural operations will continue. Vacant land will be cleared for cultivation, but will further contribute to a sense of open space. Surrounding views will remain largely unobstructed by buildings, hardscape and other elements of the built environment, Buildout of the existing General Plan will not result in commercial development along the westerly boundary of the Desert Resorts Airport in the SDI area, or industrial development east of SR-111 in Thermal, as is permitted under the Recommended Alternative. Instead, these lands V-27 IN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives will be developed as agriculture, and visual impacts will be limited to cleared and cultivated land and scattered residences at densities of up to one unit per ten acres. Alternative I: More Intense Development Scenario Implementation of the More Intense Alternative will substantially increase the level of development in the south-central and southeasterly portions of the planning area, and in the annexation and SOI area's. As discussed in Section III, the Recommended Alternative designates most land between Monroe and Tyler Streets for Low Density Residential develuprnent with an agricultural overlay, and designates the majority of lands east of Polk Street for Very Low Density Residential development with an agricultural overlay. Property owners in these areas have the option to continue existing agricultural operations or to convert their lands to low or very low density residential development. Under the More. Intense Alternative, however, agricultural activity will not be permitted, and all lands will develop at densities of up to 5 dwelling units per acre. Buildout of this alternative will result in more than twice. the residential development in this region than the Recotnrnended Alternative, and will bring with it potentially significant increases in light and glare, vehicular activity, roadways and hardscape. Surrounding viewshcd.s may be substantially altered and/or obstructed by views of residential structures, signage and utility infrastructure. Alternative II.' Less Intense Development Scenario Buildom. of the Less Intense Alternative will result in a moderate decrease in visual impacts than the Recommended Alternative, Under the Less Intense Alternative, a substantial portion of lands south of Airport Boulevard are designated for Very Low Density Residential development, with an Agricultural ❑vcrlay. Agricultural cultivation will be permitted to continue until the property owners choose to develop. Development shall be permitted at a maximum density of 2 dwelling units per acre, which represents half the number of residences permitted by the Recommended Alternative, potential visual impacts may include increased light and glare from residences and vehicles, and increased visual clutter such as utility infrastructure and signage. However, given that development will occur at a lower density than the Recommended Alternative, these impacts are expected to be less intrusive than those associated with buildout of the Recommended Alternative. In summery, continued implementation of the existing General Plan will result in the preservation of agriculture in the south-central and southeasterly portions of the planning area, and in the annexation and SOi areas, and will limit visual impacts to those associated with cleared and cultivated land. Of the four project alternatives, the More Intense Alternative proposes the most significant alteration of the landscape. Buildout would result in the complete conversion of these lands from agriculture to residential and potentially significant increases in visual impacts associated with the built environment. The Recommended and Less intense Alternatives allow for a combination of agricultural and low density residential development, thereby preserving a sense of open space while also introducing elements of the built environment. Regardless which alternative is selected, development in the planning area will continue to occur at low densities and will continue to be limited to low -profile structures. The existing standards V-28 TN/City of La Quii]ta Comprehensive General PlaD/Draft 81R Section V - Project Alternatives and regulations set forth in the City Zoning Ordinance and other regulatory documents assure that potential impacts to the City's visual resources will be protected to the greatest extent practical. Public Services and Facilities Schools Projcutiuns of student enrollment for each alternative area provided in the tables below. Table V-9 No Project Alternative: Existing General Plan Potential School Enrollment Grade Total —Student I3uildout Level Bldont Units Generation Rate Enrollment i -S Sin le-loamily 32,631 0,2167 7,071 Multi-Fatauly 4,387 0.1321 580 -8 Single -Family 32,631 0.1012 3,302 Multi -Family 4,387 0.0474 208 9-12 Single -Family 32,631 0.1176 3,837 Multi -Family 4,387 0,0318 140 TOTAL: 15,138 Based on Student Generation Rates provitind 3 Residential Development belling Fee Iustification Study for Palm Springs Unified School District," June 26, 1998. Table V-10 Alternative I: More Intense Alternative Potential School Enrollment grade Total Student —Ikui out Level fldout Units Generation Rate Enrollment K-5 Single -Family 91,323 ivlulki 1�2i�nily 5,852 6-8 Single -Family 91,323 Multi -Family 5,852 9-12 Single -Family 91,323 Multi -Family 5,852 0.2167 19,790 0.1321 773 0.1012 9,242 0.0474 277 0.1176 10,740 0.0318 186 41,008 lgsc3 on Student Generation Rates providedin "Residential Development School Fey Justification Study for Palm Springs Unified School District," June 26, 1998. V-29 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General ?lark/Draft UR_ Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-11 Alternative II: Less Intense Alternative Potential School Enrollment Grade Total. Student Euildout Level Bldout Units Generation Rate 'Enrollment K-5 Single -Family 33,067 Multi -Family 4,280 6-8 Single -Family 33,067 1Vlulti Family 4,280 9-12 Single -Family 33,067 Multi -Family 4,280 0,2167 0.1321 0.1012 0.0474 0.1176 0,0318 7,166 565 3,346 203 3,889 136 TOTAL: 15,305 Based on Student Generation Rates provided in "Residential Development School Fee Justification Study for Palm Springs Unified School District," June 26, 1998. As discussed in Section 1.II of this document, buildout of the Recommended Alternative is expected to generate a student population of about 33,268 students for the entire General Plan planning area. Anticipated enrollment under the existing General Plan and Less Intense Alternative are comparable to one another, and compared to the Recommended Alternative, they represent about a 54% decrease in potential student population. In the annexation and SOT areas, this reduction world be particularly significant, representing a loss of over 25,000 units in both the existing General Plan and Less intense alternatives. These two alternatives appear to be the favorable project alternatives in that they will place the fewest demands on local schools. The More Intense Alternative represents an increase cat` approximately 7,740 students (23 o increase) over the Recommended Alternative throughout the General Plan area, and is expected to result in the most significant adverse impacts on arca schools, The continued payment of statutory school mitigation fees is expected to reduce project -related impacts to acceptable levels under all development alternatives, Libraries o Project Alternative Continued implementation of the existing General Plan is expected to generate a total buildout population of about 92,652 reidents. Applying the County's unadopted goal of 0.5 square feet and 2 volumes per capita, the City will need to provide a library with approximately 46,326 square feet of building space and 185,304 volumes, Alternative 1: ?Wore Intense Development Scenario Buildout of the Marc intense Alternative is expected, to generate a population of approximately 258,084 residents. To adequately serve a population of this size, the City will need approximately 129,042 square feet cf library space and 516,168 volumes. v-34 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General P1anfDraft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Alternative 11: Less Intense Development Scenario Alternative 11 is expected to result in a buildout population of about 93,557 residents. This population will require approximately 46,779 square feet of building space and 187,114 volumes. As discussed in Section II1 of this document, buildout of the Recommended Alternative will result in an estimated population of 207,970 residents. Based on the County's library standards, this population will require approximately 103,985 square feet of building space and 415,940 volumes. The impacts associated with buildout of the existing General Plan and less Intense Alternative are comparable to one another. Implementation of these two scenarios will require the smallest Library facilities and fewest volumes. In the annexation and SOI areas, these alternatives will reduce population by over 68,000, resulting in a particularly sharp reduction in the need for additional library facilities of 137,000 square feet. Regardless, each alternative will require the expansion of library services and facilities over existing conditions, and the City will need to continue to monitor the demand for these services. The proposed General Plan sets forth specific goals, policies and programs in this regard, Electricity The South Coast Air Quality Management L)istriet (SCAQMD) provides electricity usage factors for residential, commercial and industrial development. Based on these usage rates, the project alternatives are expected to demand the following: No Project Alterative: 664,770,907 kwhfyear Alternative 1 (More interne Development Scenario): 1,149,473,216 kwhlyear Alternative Jr (Less' Intense Development Scenario): 766,9/0,080 k hlycar In the annexation and SQI areas, electrical demand would be significantly reduced due to the loss of over 25,000 housing units, resulting in a lowering of defnand by over 140,662,500 kwh per year under the Existing General Plan and Less Intense alternatives. As discussed in Section p1I, the demand for electricity under the Recommended Alternative is expected to be approximately 1,042,013,553 kwh per year. Based on these projections, the Nu Project Alternative is expected to demand about 36% Tess electricity than that required at buildout of the Recommended Alternative, Trr this regard, it appears to be the stEperior project alternative. Buildout of the More Intense Alternative is expected to demand about 10% more, and buildout of the Less Intense Alternative is expected to demand about 26% less than the Recommended Alternative. Natural Gas Natural gas usage rates are provided by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) for residential, commercial and industrial development. These factors can be used to project the monthly demand for natural gas for each of the project alternatives, V-3 1 TNICity of La Quinta Cor oprehensive General Plan/Draft End Section V - Project Alternatives No Project Alternative: 377,724,234 ctlrnontli Alternative I (More Intense Development Scenario): 827,889,32E cf/rnonth Alternative if (Less Intense Development Scenario) 425,666,23Z cflmonth In the annexation and SOI areas, demand for natural gas world be particularly reduced due to the loss of over 25,000 housing units, representing a lowering of demand of more than 166,625,000 el/month under both the Existing General Plan and less Intense alternatives. As discussed in Section III, builclout of the Recommended Alternative is expected to generate a demand for approximately 707,936,822 cubic feet of natural gas per month. Of the four project alternatives, the No Project Alternative is expected to consume the least natural gas, about 46% less than the Recommended Alternative. This constitutes a substantial energy savings over the Recommended Alternative, and in this regard, the No Project Alternative appears to be the superior alternative. The More Intense Alternative is expected to demand approximately 17% more than the Recommended Alternative, and the Less Intense Alternative is anticipated to utilize about 40% less than the Recommended Alternative. Solid Waste The following solid waste projections are based on generation rates compiled by the California Integrated Waste Management Board. They are calculated in the same manner as those for the Recommended Alternative in Section IIT of this document. No Project Alternative: 131,107 tonslyc ar Alternative 1 (More Intense Development Scenario): 271,318 tonslyear Alternative If (Less Intense Development Scenario ):144,427 tonslycar As discussed in Section III, the Recommended Alternative is expected to generate approximately 234,233 tons of solid waste per year. A comparison of these figures indicates that buildout of the No Project Alternative is expected to generate the least solid waste, approximately 44% less than the Recommended Alternative. The More Intense Alternative is expected to result in about 16% more, and the Less Intense Alternative is expected to result in about 38% less than the Recommended Alternative. Given their comparatively low development intensities, the No Project and Less intense Alternatives are expected to result in significant reductions in solid waste over the Recommended Alternative, particularly in the annexation and SOI areas, Law Enforcement As discussed in Section III, buildout of the Recommended Alternative is expected to result in a population of approximately 207,970 residents, and will require about 208 police officers. V-32 TN/City of La Quint$ Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Seetion V - Project Alternatives No Project Aiter native Buildout of the existing General Plan is expected to result in a population of approximately 92,652 residents. To maintain a target ratio of 1 law enforcement officer per 1,000 residents, the City will need to a total of 93 officers. Compared to the Recommended Alternative, this represents a reduction of 115 officers, or about a 55% reduction in staffing demands. Alternative 1: More Intense Development Scenario Alternative I is expected to result in a buildout population of about.258,084 residents, which will require about 259 police officers. Compared to the Recommended Alternative, this represents a 25% increase in the demand for police officers. Alternative 11: Less Intense Development Scenario Buildout of Alternative II is expected to generate a population of 93,557 persons. At a rate of 1 officer per 1,000 residents, Alternative 11 will require about 94 police officers, approximately 114 fewer officers (5567E, less) than the Recomtended Alternative. Based on police staffing criteria, the No Project and Less Intense Alternatives appear to be the favorable alternatives in that they are expected to require smaller police forces. This will be particularly true in the annexation and SOI areas, where population will be reduced by over 68,000 under either alternative. Nonetheless, the mitigation measures set forth in Section III are expected to adequately reduce project -related impacts, regardless of which alternative is implemented. Fire Protection Buildout of either project alternative will increase the demand for fire personnel and fire protection services over existing levels. However, given the relatively high level of development facilitated by the More Intense Alternative, particularly in those areas of the planning area currently in agriculture, the Mare Intense Alternative is expected to generate the greatest demand for additional fire protection services. Buildout of the existing General Plan is expected to place the least demands on fire protection personnel, considering that it designates much of the southeasterly planning area as agriculture, with very little structural development. The goals, policies and programs set forth in Section III are expected to adequately address the need for additional fire protection for all project alternatives. Socio-Economic Resources No Project Alternative Buildout of the existing General Plan will add an estimated 24,877 new dwelling units to the planning area. Based on an average household size of 2.75 persons per household, the City's population is expected to increase by about 68,412 new residents. When combined with the City's existing population of 24,240 people, this results in a total estimated buildout population of 92,652 residents, which represents 115,318 fewer residents (55% less) than are expected at buildout of the Recommended Alternative. The following table provides a cost/revenue analysis for buildout of the No Project Alternative. Estimates were derived in the same manner as those for the Recommended Alternative in Section III. V-33 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-12 No Project Alternative Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis Item Annual City Cast Annual City Revenue General Administration & Services $58,278,108 Residential Property Tax Revenues $28,418,225 Commercial Property Tax Revenues $3,696,240 Industrial Property Tax Revenues S3,273,098 Sales Tax Revenues $33,305,472 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $17,217,444 Motor Vehicle In -Lieu Fees $3,593,045 Subtotal: $89,503,524 Resulting Annual Positive Cash Flow: $31,225,416 Table V-12 above indicates that buildout of the current La Quinta General Plan could result in a positive cash flow of about $31.2 trillion annually. This is largely due to limitations in the number of potential future dwelling units, which limits the potential buildout population size and the associated demand for City services. In the annexation and SOl areas, where a total of 25,599 units would not he constructed, resulting in 70,397 fewer residents, the lower population would represent a much lower generation of need for administrative services. Alternative I: More Intense Development Scenario Bui!dont of the More Intense Alternative is expected to result in a total population of 258,084 residcntsz, which represents a 24% increase over the population anticipated at buildout of the Recommended Alternative. This alternative facilitates the development of 85,034 new dwelling units, which would increase the planning area's total housing stock to 97,175 units. A cost/revenue analysis for the buildout of Alternative 1 is provided in the table below. In the annexation and SO1 areas, this alternative increases population by 16,074 persons, which will proportionally increase the demand for services. 2 Based on S5,034 potential now dwelling units, an average Household size. of 2.75 persons por household, and an existing City population of 24,240 residents, V-34 Item TNfCity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Nan/Draft LIR Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-13 Alternative I: More Intense Alternative Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis Annual City Cost Annual City Revenue General Administration & Services $162,334,836 Residential Property Tax Revenues $83,195,535 Commercial Property Tux Revenues $4,611,197 Industrial Property Tax Revenues $4,685,826 Sales Tax Revenues $46,788,582 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $22,022,596 Motor Vehicle In -Lieu Fees $10,008,498 Subtotal: S154,199,227 Resulting Annual Cash Flow: - $8,135,609 As shown in the table above, buildout of the More Intense Alternative is expected to result in negative fiscal impacts to the City of more than $8 million annually. This is largely due a Land use pattern that facilitates a substantial number of new, future dwelling units and therefore results in a relatively large City population. The costs of providing governmental and other public service to a population of this size are expected to outweigh the economic benefits. Alternative IT: Less Intense Development Scenario Buildout of the Jess intense Alternative is expected to result in the development of approximately 25,206 new dwelling units_ When combined with the number of existing housing units, this alternative could generate a total housing stock of 37,347 units. With an average household size of 2.75 persons per household, buildout of the Less Intense Alternative could generate approximately 69,317 new residents in the planning area. When combined with the existing population of 24,240 residents, the Less Intense Alternative could result in a total buildout population of approximately 93,557 residents. In the annexation and SOY areas, where a total of 25,006 units would not be built, the resulting reduction in population of 68,767 persons would have a proportionally significant impact in lowering the need for services in this area, similar to those resulting from implementation of the Existing General Plan. Potential costs and revenues associated with buildout of the Less Intense Alternative are illustrated in the table below. V-35 TN/City of La Quints Corriprchensive General Plan/Draft LAIR Section V - Project Alternatives Table V-14 Alternative 11: Less Intense Alternative Buildout Cost/Revenue Analysis Item Annual City Cost Annual City Revenue Ueneral Administration & Services $58,847,353 Residential Property Tax Revenues $28,717,803 Commercial Property Tax Revenues $3,996,674 Industrial Property Tax Revenues $4,685,826 Sales Tax Revenues $44,298,558 Transient Occupancy Tax Revenues $I6,40$,312 Motor Vehicle In -Lieu Fees $3,628,140 Subtotal: $101,735,313 Resulting Annual Positive Cash Flow: $42,887,960 The table above illustrates that 1 uildout of the Less lrxtcn e Alternative could result in a substantial positive cash flaw to the City. Like the No Project Alternative, this is largely due to a land use pattern that limits the number of potential dwelling units and therefore results in a relatively small huildout population and limited costs for the provision of City services. Revenues from property taxes, sales taxes, transient occupancy taxes and other sources are expected to exceed the costs associated with providing public services by more than $42 million annually. V-36 TN1City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Han/Draft E1R Section 'VI - Short -Term Use Vs. Long -Tern Productiv}ty CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONIYIENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT VI. SNORT -TERM USE VERSUS LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY This section of the EIR addresses the long -lean effects of the proposed General Pan, annexation and sphere of influence amendment by reviewing the relationship between the local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity. Special consideration has been given to those areas of impact which limit the range of beneficial uses of the environment or which pose long-term risks to health and safety, including geophysical conditions, biological resources, scenic visual resources, air resources, noise environment, and water resources. Why the proposed General Plan, annexation and sphere of influence amendment are believed to he justified for adoption and implementation at this time, rather than delaying their adoption to consider additional alternatives not addressed in this EIR, is incorporated into this discussion. Geophysical Conditions As discussed in Sections III-D and IV of this GIR, the City of La Quinta is subject to significant geotechnical forces associated with steep terrain and seismically induced conditions. The continued urbanization of the City, General Plan planning area, annexation and SOI areas, even at relatively low densities and intensities, can be expected to result in the exposure of greater numbers of residents, workers, visitors and shoppers to geotechnical hazards of potential significance. In order to assure the continued safety of residents and visitors, and protect property from geologic hazards, the City relies upon and enforces the provisions and requirements established by a variety of relevant regulatory mechanisms. These include the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, Title 24 of the California Administrative Code, the Uniform Building Code, the International Building Code and the Hillside Conservation Zone ordinance. While these measures help to reduce geological hazards, impacts from major seismic events are generally severe and cannot be completely planned for or mitigated. These hazards will continue to be a threat to people and property within the planting area and are considered long term impacts_ VI-1 't'N/City of La Quintal Comprehensive General Plan/Draft LAIR Section. VI - Short -Term Cse Vs. Long -Term Productivity Air Resources As discussed in Section III of this document, air quality is a non -localized issue that is affected by a variety of pollutants generated both locally and from areas outside the Coachella Valley. As the City and region continue to develop, it is expected that higher levels of pollutants emitted from increased traffic, urban development and energy and power consumption will be added to the Valley's air basin, further degrading regional air quality, Locally increased emissions will result in higher concentrations of reactive organic gases and particulates. Local production of ozone is expected to increase in the future since conditions required for its generation occur in the Coachella Valley. The continued use of gasoline and diesel fuels in vehicles, and the burning of natural gas, contribute to the generation of oxides of nitrogen and reactive hydrocarbons that degrade local air quality to a greater or lesser extent, depending ❑n rates of dispersion, While continued urban development will increase the emissions of fugitive dust, these increases are expected to be temporary and disturbed sites will be permanently stabilized with structures, pavement and landscaping, While the General Plan policies and programs direct the regulation of emissions, especially those in close proximity to sensitive receptors, these impacts cannot be completely removed. Further, without a radical change in methods of transportation and combustion technology, reductions in emissions on a unit of energy basis will not be seen in the near -terns, Water Resources As discussed in Sections II and 111 of this document, the primary aquifer serving the Valley is in an overdraft condition.. This condition has lowered the depth to groundwater in the Whitewater River Subbasin and in the lower Thermal Subarea underlying the planning area, While water from the Colorado River has Been ,,ecured to recharge basins in the upper Thermal Subbasin to recharge the aquifer, the allotment to be provided may not be sufficient to off -set future overdraft. However, this recharge is expected to limit the impacts of current demand at this time. As the Valley continues to grow and develop, overdraft rates are likely to become more severe unless more stringent conservation methods are implemented and additional sources of recharge are scoured. The Draft General Plan includes policies and programs to encourage the conservative use of water resources for domestic and landscape uses and encourages the use of native drought resistant planting materials. Nonetheless, with California periodically in a drought condition, expected reductions in available Colorado River water and the sources of recharge water being directly affected, the availability of domestic water resources will continue to be a constraint, albeit a limited one, on future development. Biological Resources Continued development in the planning area will result in the conversion of lands resulting in the loss of habitat, fragmentation and degradation. As lands develop, the clearing and grading of land and the construction of improvements will result in the continued loss of wildlife habitat on the valley floor and in those foothill and upper alluvial fan areas where development is still permitted. VI-2 TN%City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft FIR Section VT - Short -Term Use Vs. Long -Terra Productivity The proposed General Plan, annexation and sphere of influence amendment do exclude development in many sensitive areas, and substantially limits the density and intensity of development permitted overall. However, buildout of the City will degrade or remove significant areas of stabilized and field habitat and other habitat types located within the City and planning area boundaries. Continued development of the City will also impact habitat of Coachella Valley Fringe -toed lizard, flat -tailed honied lizard, Little San Bernardino Mountains gilia, burrowing awl. Palm Springs pocket mouse, the Palm Springs round -tailed ground squirrel, as well as sensitive species, and may result in the legal taking of individual animals. Federal and state agencies are currently working with the Coachella Valley Association of Governments, the County and Coachella Valley cities, as well as the Santa Rosa Mountain Conservancy, on a broadly based Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan to protect a broad range of species and their habitat lit the meantime, the City shall adhere to applicable management protocol for investigating impact potential and mitigation. Where State andior federal listed species are identified, appropriate incidental take permits and associated mitigation measures will be required before development will be permitted. Overall, the loss and degradation of foraging habitat and the continued pressure of human activity on local biological resources will all contribute to the long-term reduction of plant and animal species, habitat and biological diversity. Scenic/Visual Resources Scenic and visual resources of the City are one of its most important assets. The combination of unique tnou.ntain formations and low desert environments combine to create a setting that attracts visitors and new residents from all over the country. These resources will be affected by continued development within the City's boundaries but only to a limited extent. The General Plan policies and programs provide for appropriate development criteria and assure the review of development proposals with the potential to have adverse impacts on scenic resources. The General Plan also provides for the preservation and integration of elements of the desert landscape into urban design, and the provision on native and other drought -tolerant vegetation within new development. Development throughout the General Plan planning area, indluding the annexation and sphere of influence amendment areas, will be required to meet these standards. Nonetheless, the clearing and grading of lands and the construction of roads and structures will all contribute to the long-term impacts to visual resources. VI-3 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Platt/Draft PiR Section VII - Irreversible/Irretrievable Commitment of Resources CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT EN V YRHNIVIEVTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT VII. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT 01 ENVIRONMEN'T'AL RESOURCES In accordance with CEQA, it is required that the EIR address the utilization of non-renewable resources in the course of development and the continued use of these limited resources once development has been completed. While non-renewable resources usually imply energy resources, they can also refer to biological resources and the permanent lass of visual resources. Future development of the City of La Quinta planning area under the proposed General Plan, the annexation area and the sphere of influence amendment area will result in the irreversible and irretrievable corarnitment of the following renewable and non- renewable natural resources: open land, energy resources (natural gas, oil and other fossil fuels), water, construction materials (lumber, gravel, sand, asphalt, and metals), minerals, and biological resources. The proposed General Plan will not have a significant, unniitigatable direct impact on sensitive and/or non-renewable environmental resources. The continued consumption of natural gas and electrical energy will contribute to be the on -going depletion of fossil fuel resources. The cumulative use of fossil fuels may result in the ultimate loss of an important source of chemical and material feed stocks, which will not be retrievable once consumed, Buildout of the General Plan, annexation and SOI amendment areas will include grading and the removal of native vegetation and wildlife in all or portions of development sites. The irretrievable loss of habitat and other biological resources will result from this future development, Further development will irreversibly change the viewsheds of the community and may reduce the quality of the open space environment as development continues. Nonetheless, the relatively low densities and land use intensities, and the regulatory framework created by the General Plan to conserve and protect valued resources will significantly reduce long-term impacts to these resources. TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft RIR Section VII - Irreversible/Irretrievable Commitment of Resources It is expected that, over time, urban development will have less of an impact on finite resources than is expected today. This is likely to be true for such resources as fossil fuels and other finite mineral resources, The impacts of development on other natural resources, including open space lands and biological resources, are expected to be limited by the urban limits established by the General Plan and the designations imposed on lands within the General Plan planning area, annexation area, and sphere of influence amendment arca, The Plan describes the .long-term limits of urban development in this portion of the Coachella Valley. VII-2 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section Vm —Growth Inducing and Cunnilative Impacts CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE COMPREHEN I E GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT VIII. GROWTH INDUCING AND CUMULATIVE IMPAL S A. Growth Inducement The proposed land use scenario (Recommended Alternative) for the City of La Quinta General Plan, or that proposed for the annexation area or sphere of influence (SGI) amendment will not overtly or significantly induce growth or change the physical conditions in the planning area, but will incrementally increase growth -inducing impacts over the long-term, especially in the southeast portion of the planning area, The General Plan Recommended Alternative is expected to maintain and enhance the City's low -density resort residential character, while still providing opportunities for continued growth in all sectors of the economy. Over the long-term, the proposed Plan has the potential to change the existing agrarian character of the southeasterly portions of the planning area, the annexation area and the SOI amendment area, and will increase growth -inducing impacts in this region. Iu an effort to address this potential, the Plan applies an Agricultural Overlay to lands generally between Monroe Street and Tyler Street, as well as to lands east of Polk Street. This overlay provides a recognition of a continued right to agriculture, while also giving property owners the option of pursuing low density residential uses. Lands in this area will become availab]e for Low Density Residential development, with maximum densities of 4 units per acre (rnaxinrum of 2 units per acre east of Polk Street). At this time, it is not possible to predict whether or to what extent these lands will actually, develop as residential uses, or to what extent agricultural operations will be preserved. Nonetheless, over the long-term, the prtposed General Plan is expected to facilitate at least the partial conversion of these lands and the migration of new residents into the community. Depending upon the extent and rate of development that occurs, the development of new VIII-1 TN/City of. La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan.fDraft EIR Section VIII — Growth Inducing and Cumulative Impacts residences could have a modest to moderate job creation effect, primarily in the areas of construction, commercial and professional services, utility installation, landscape maintenance, and so on. The demand for additional public roadways is expected to be limited, given that the area is easily accessed by an existing network of roads, and is directly connected to other Coachella Valley communities by SR-111 and SR-86. However, the widening of existing roadways can be expected to Facilitate increased traffic volumes. Continued growth in the area is expected to increase the demand for and result in the extension of community sewer and water delivery systems and other public infrastructure and services, which could induce further growth. The demand for durable goods and employment opportunities will increase, and could have a modest to moderate effect on the growth of the local economy. The potential conversion of agricultural lands in this portion of the planning area, as made possible by the proposed General Plan, is consistent with and is an extension of existing development trends in the immediate vicinity. Numerous resort residential and mixed use developments, includiug PGA West, Village at The Palms and Kohl Ranch, have been approved and/or developed in this portion of the planning area by either the City or Riverside County in recent. years. By designating lands in the south-central and southeasterly portion of the planning area for agriculture and low density residential development, the proposed General Plan, annexation or SO1 amendment do not, in and of themselves, provide the impetus for urbanization, but make possible the.continuation of this already existing trend. Growth -inducing impacts will be controlled and restricted, to some extent, by physical and policy -related constraints. The Santa Rosa Mountains, which are designated as undevelopable Open Space under the proposed General Plan, will function as a barrier to development on the west. Numerous General Plan goals, po]icies and programs set preservation of the City's low density resort residential character and its natural resources as a high priority, which will further limit development intensities' and, therefore, associated growth inducement. Other pending issues, including the Coachella Valley Multi -Species Habitat Conservation Plan and water conservation, wilt create limitations on the potential for growth in the planning area. 1 . Cumulative Impacts The implementation of the La Quinta General Plan, and the buildout of the annexation and SOI areas, will result in impacts that must be considered in conjunction with the effects of other development and which may take place outside the planning area and the City's jurisdiction. Under CEQA, these are called cumulative impacts (Section 2tO83(b), CEQA Statutes, and Section 15355 of the CEQA Guidelines). While adoption and implementation of the proposed G-neral Plan and annexation will control and regulate development within the existing ar,d future .incorporated boundaries of the City, the General Plan will have only an indirect moderating effect on development outside the City. The General Plans of Indio, Coachella and Palm Desert, as well as the Riverside County General Plan/Eastern and Western Coachella Valley Community Plans promote development densities and intensity in some areas which generally appear to be compatible and consistent with resource and infrastructure constraints predominant in the area. As mentioned in section A above, the need for water conservation and wildlife habitat preservation will have moderating effects on all Coachella Valley communities, These constraints can be expected to be a moderating influence on maximizing potential land use intensities permitted under other jurisdictions' general plans- VIII-2 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section VIII — Growth Inducing and Ctimu1alivc Impacts Most lands within the City's boundaries are privately owned. However, public lands controlled by the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Coachella Valley Water District and others, within and adjacent to the City boundaries, further constrain development and limit cumulative impacts. These include the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains, which include most of the City's western and southwestern boundary, and the Fish Traps archaeological site, located at the southerly boundary of the planning area and under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. Clearly, these lands will not be developed to more intensive levels than lands within the City, and they are likely to remain undeveloped. Land Use Compatibility Cumulative land use impacts associated with the proposed General Plan, annexation and SOT areas are primarily associated with the potential for the continued conversion of desert open space and agricultural lands to urban uses, and continued urban growth in the surrounding area. The potential conversion of agricultural lands is consistent with current development trends in the immediate vicinity. 'The General Plan includes policies that recognize the value and importance of agricultural lands, and the rural lifestyle enjoyed by residents in this area. An increase in population adjacent to vacant lands could result in increased illegal dumping, the use of off -road vehicles or other conflicting land uses. Avoiding these problems will require attentive code enforcement by the City, Riverside County, Bureau of Land Management (BL and other responsible agencies. Furthermore, the various jurisdictions of the Coachella Valley are in the process of developing a comprehensive Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSI-ICP), which is expected to extend long-term protection to a variety of lands in the valley. No significant cumulative impacts or laud use incompatibilities arc expected to result from the adoption and implementation of the La Quinta General Plan, or with annexation No. 12 and the concurrent sphere of influence amendment. Traff is/C irculation Buildout of the proposed General Plan, annexation area and SOI amendment area will generate an increase in local and regional traffic that, when combined with existing and future regional background traffic, could represent. a significant cumulative impact on the local roadway system. As discussed in Section III of this EIR, the La Quinia General Plan traffic/circulation analysis was based upon the regional transportation model developed by the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) and the Southern California Association of Governments (SLAG). Traffic was analyzed considering both intra-city and regional existing and future traffic, including that associated with buildout of the entire General Plan planning area, which includes both the annexation and SGl areas. Fifteen roadway segments in the planning area were identified as potentially operating at levels that exceed roadway capacity. Those roadways expected to be tnost adversely impacted by buildout of the planning area, and from growth in background traffic generated by development in other jurisdictions, include Washington Street between Avenue 44 and Avenue 48, and various segments of Highway 111, These segments and kcy intersections in the planning area will require on -going monitoring to assure that adequate design geometry improvements and upgrades are provided to allow traffic to function acceptably. The development and implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TDIMM) techniques, the increased use of alternative modes of transportation, and the use of traffic congestion management strategies should contribute to an improvement in roadway funct.ionittg as the planning area builds out. General Plan policies and programs include the integration of the above mentioned transportation demand management programs, an cit-going intersection 'I'N}City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Nan/Draft FIR Section Vill — Growth Inducing and Cumulative Impacts monitoring program, and a variety of roadway and intersection improvements. Nonetheless, with the inclusion of growth in background traffic consistent with regional traffic projections, buildout of the planning area under the proposed Genera! Plan could result in significant cumulative impacts associated with traffic and the local circulation system. Levels -of -service on existing roadways will continue to decrease as development within the City and Coachella Valley continues, Ongoing coordination with local and regional jurisdictions will help to further limit cumulative impacts on regional transportation systems. Hydrology, While future construction of residential, commercial and other types of development can be expected to contribute to runoff generated in the entire planning area, and may require the construction of additional drainage facilities, impacts are expected to be limited by the low land use intensities and the implementation of General Plan policies and programs which reduce runoff and enhance percolation. Furthermore, the City is actively planning the construction of additional all-weather crossings and storm.water facilities that will convey runoff in the Village. The proposed Plan includes requirements for the construction of on -side storrnwater retention lacilities, which will further reduce runoff volumes and the cumulative effects from continued briildaut of the City. The annexation arca will be subject to the City's standards, and can be expected to develop in a similar manner, When and if the SOI amendment area is ultimately annexed, it too will he subject to these requirements, Implementation of the General Plan i s not expected to significantly increase potential cumulative impacts of stormwater runoff, and is not expected to have a considerable or significant cumulative impact on the major drainage facilities serving the area. Geology/Seismicity Buildout of the planning arca will result in continued urbanization in a seismically active region, as well as the location of more people into an area with the potential for strong ground acceleration. Although the planning area does not contain any known active or potentially active faults, potential ground motions in the planning area and throughout the Coachella Valley have been known to pause severe damage to structures, roadways and other elements of the built environment. The buildout of the proposed General Plan, annexation and SOI results in increases in the potential number of dwelling units, commercial and industrial land, and the number of people potentially exposed to seismic hazards, including those associated with liquefaction. Development within the planning area shall be required to be designed in accordance with the policies and programs of the General Plan, recommendations of the geotechnical consultant, and seismic requirements of the Uniform Building Code andllor International building Code. No significant cumulative impacts associated with geotechnical hazards are expected to result from adoption and implementation of the proposed La Quinta General Pun, buildout of the annexation or buildout of the SCSI, if the appropriate design and engineering precautions are implemented in future development. Water Resources Given the aridity of the desert environment, the demand for water in the Coachella Valley is as high or higher than in other areas of Southern California. The City is largely reliant on groundwater to serve the community's domestic water heeds, although Canal water meets some of the community's needs for landscape irrigation. With the significant growth that has taken place over the past twenty years, the aquifer that serves the City and other conununi.ties in the valley is now in an overdraft condition. Imported Colorado River water currently supplements V111-4 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section VIII-- Growth Inducing and Cumulative Impacts natural groundwater supplies and helps reduce the rate of overdraft for aquifers to the north. The Coachella Valley Water District has been developing a program to recharge the groundwater basin serving much of the planning area. A comprehensive recharge program is expected to begin within the next two years. Continued urbanization of the planning area will contribute to a long-term, incremental increase in the demand for groundwater. Through the continued implementation of Title 24 conservation measures, the widespread use of native and other drought -tolerant plant materials, the use of Canal and tertiary treated water in golf course and landscaping irrigation, and other water conservation methods, cumulative impacts to water resources can be effectively reduced. General Plan policies and programs are expected to enhance the water conservation efforts of the CVWD, and Myoina Dunes Mutual Water Company. The City shall work cooperatively with CVWD, through the implementation of the General Plan and the CVWS Water Management Plan, to address the problems of supply and potential groundwater contamination associated -with the continued reliance of portions of the community on on -lot septic systems. The General Plan sets forth policies and programs to require the connection of existing and future development to sewage collection systems whenever possible. The proposed Plan provides for relatively low residential densities, and limited industrial development in the planning area, and therefore limits anticipated cumulative impacts associated with water supply and quality. Biological Resources The proposed La Quinta General Plan constitutes a limited increase in acreage assigned an "Open Space" land use designation, It also incorporates pclicies and programs that encourage the preservation of major washes and drainages as natural wildlife corridors and enhanced habitat, consistent with their function as drainage facilities. Furthermore, the City has adopted a Hillside Conservation Ordinance designed to protect mountainous slopes from encroaching development. Nonetheless, on a regional scale, the loss of vegetation from future development must be viewed as an incremental contribution to the loss of habitat and associated wildlife. The encroachment of roan into undeveloped desert land reduces open space, the availability of foraging habitat, the availability of large "home ranges" for predators, and the potential reduction in biodiversity,. Continued clearing and development of land within the planning area and its vicinity could result in cumulative adverse impacts with regard to they following: (1) reduction in foraging territory for ranging species, (2) disruption of species' migration patterns, (3) creation of isolated sub - populations, and (4) restriction in "gene flow" between existing sub -populations. The preservation of washes, canyons, and steep mountainous terrain within the planning area for use as peteritial movement and migration corridors will limit cumulative regional disruption of wildlife movement. General plan policies and programs include the integration of open space areas and wildlife corridors into major development design and future area -wide planning efforts. Potential cumulative impacts to biological resources are also expected to be further reduced by the completion and implementation of the Coachella Valley Ivfultiple Species Il_aliiitat Conservation Plan, which is expected to address the planning area. Inasmuch as sensitive species currently occur \vithiu the planning area, development proposals will he required to adequately mitigate impacts to wildlife and habitat before cevelopfueut is permitted. Within the physical and regulatory context of the Plan, no significant cumulative impacts associated with biological VTTT-5 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General PLan/Draft EIR Section VIII -- Growth Inducing and C nwlative Impacts resources are expected to result from adoption and implementation of the proposed La Quinta General Plan. Cultural Resources Due to the City's unique location straddling the shoreline of ancient Lake Cahuilla, an abundance of Native American cultural resource sites have been identified in the planning area, including evidence of prehistoric settlements, wells and trails. Although nearly 50% to 60% of the planning area has been surveyed for cultural resources since. the 1970s, the potential for discovering additional archaeological sites exists, particularly in canyons, alluvial fans, sand dunes and mountainous slopes, which have been shown to contain ancient trails, rock cairns and other evidence of prehistoric occupation. Potential impacts associated with continued development include disturbance or destruction of cultural resources due to grading, site excavation, construction and increased foot and vehicular traffic. The proposed La Quinta General Plan includes policies and programs directed at reducing potential impacts to sensitive archaeological and historic areas. The Plan limits development within potentially sensitive areas, including mountainous terrain, canyons and drainages, and requires that detailed site surveys be conducted on future development sites, as necessary, to determine the presence and significance of archaeological and historic resources. The City has taken a proactive approach to assuring that cultural resources within its boundaries are adequately surveyed, documented and preserved, where appropriate. The City has also adopted a Historic Preservation Ordinance, established a Historic Preservation Commission, and drafted procedures for the designation of landmarks and historic districts, The General F1an encourages the continued development of programs by the City and private organizations to identify, designate and preserve important historical sites and resources. No significant cumulative impacts associated with archaeological or historic resources are expected to result from adoption and implementation of the proposed General Plan, or buildout of the annexation and SOT areas, provided the appropriate precautions are implemented in future development. Air Qualil r Builduut of the planning area, as proposed under the Recommended Alternative, is expected to result in impacts to regional air quality that could be considered cumulatively significant. Although largely originating from outside the community, the increased generation of electricity from fossil fuels, at least in the near to mid term, may have adverse impacts on the Southeast Desert Air Basin and the Coachella Valley. Levels of carbon monoxide, exhaust hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur will also contribute to the degradation of regional air quality. Suspended particulates and ozone have been identified as pollutants of greatest concern in the Coachella Valley, Fugitive dust (PM10) generation is largely a local condition and will require the continued application of development controls and soil stabilization techniques, consistent with regional, state and federal regulation, to effectively reduce these impacts. Emissions related to traffic generated in the planning area is expected to further contribute to the degradation of local and regional air quality. Regional and local strategies are currently being developed and implemented to reduce these impacts, Policies and programs set forth in the proposed La Quinta General Plan, including the implementation of transportation demand management and congestion management strategies, will, to some extent, control local contributions to air quality degradation. Nonetheless, when combined with existing and future emissions from neighboring communities and air basins to the west, buildout of the planning area as proposed under the Recommended Alternative could constitute a significant cumulative impact to air quality degradation. VIII-6 TN/City of La Watt Comprehensive General Plan/Draft 1~IR Section VIII— Growth Inducing and Cumulative Impacts Noise The additional population and traffic that are anticipated at General Plan buildout will incrementally contribute to a cumulative rise in noise levels in the City and immediate vicinity. Although increases in noise Levels will result from future development, the overall quiet, suburban noise environment is not expected to appreciably deteriorate if policies, programs and mitigation measures provided in the General Plan arc implemented. The most significant impacts will occur as a result of increased traffic volumes, Naturally, the most impacted areas will be those adjacent t.n roadways that are projected to carry the highest traffic volumes. The construction of commercial structures and the use of large mechanical systems will introduce other potentially significant noise sources to the community. As set forth in General flan policies and programs, potential noise impacts shall be considered in the application review process for all proposed projects within the City and annexation area. Factors to be considered will include the strategic placement of acoustical barriers such as masonry walls, the arrangement of attached housing to provide necessary shielding of outdoor living areas, and the incorporation of additional setbacks from roadways. Where necessary, future development within the planning area will be required to conduct acoustical analyses to properly identify project -related noise impacts, and specific mitigation measures which reduce identified impacts will be required. General Plan policies and programs include community noise standards, compliance monitoring, land use reassessments, and other actions which control and minimize impacts to the community noise environment. No significant cumulative impacts associated with noise generation are expected to result from adoption and impleinentatiorr of the La Quinta General Plan. Landform AltcrationfVisual Resources As discussed in Sections 1I and III of this document, visual resources, including mountains and associated vegetation, are important and valuable resources of the City and surrounding communities. The combination of unique mountain formations and low-lying desert lands creates a setting that is the essence of the community's character. These resources will be affected by continued development in the planning area, including the incremental conversion of agricultural lands to residential uses in the planning area, annexation area and SO! area. The proposed General Plan includes measures that require the thoughtful review and analysis of development impacts on mountain viewsheds and other scenic resources. The Plan also provides for the preservation and integration of elements of the desert landscape into urban design, and the provision of native and other drought -tolerant vegetation within new development, The City has also adopted a Hillside Conservation Zone Ordinance, which will further regulate development proposed within and adjacent to the Santa Rosa and Coral Reef Mountains. Nonetheless, the clearing and grading of lands and the construction of roads and structures will all contribute to long -terns adverse impacts to visual resources, Public Services and Facilities Additional development facilitated by the proposed General Plan, and buildout of the annexation and SOl areas will cumulatively contribute to increased demands upon all of the community's public services and facilities. Given the extretrely high summer temperatures in the desert, the demand for electrical energy in the Coachella 'Valley is comparable to, if not higher than other areas of Southern California. The construction of energy -efficient buildings and the expanded use of non-polluting energy systems can significantly reduce the cumulative demand for energy. VITt-7 TNICity of La Quinla Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section VIII — Growth Inducing and Cumulative Impacts Increases in population have a direct impact on landfill capacities, and identifying new landfill sites has become an increasingly important issue in the Coachella Valley. The proposed General Plan calls for aggressive waste minimization and recycling programs which can greatly reduce this cumulative impact. Regionally coordinated recycling programs will help preserve resources and reduce the amount of material being deposited in landfills. Governmental services in the City will experience the cumulative impacts of increased population and possible disproportionate revenue generation. At city, county and state levels, public services are experiencing considerable cumulative intpacts as the State population continues to increase at a faster pace than the generation of operational revenues. Public schools, in particular, are subject to increasing pressures associated with urban development. Developer fees and assessment districts help to reduce direct and cumulative impacts on public services. Development in the planning area is expected to provide adequate revenues to support the provision of necessary public services and facilities. Socio-Economic Resources The proposed General Plan has been developed to allow the City to maximize its economic development potential, white establishing a balanced and secure financial future, it provides mechanisms that help diversify the local cconnmy and examines a broad range of commercial and industrial development opportunities, including tourism, restaurants, general commercial activity, warehousingidi.tribution, clean industry and other types of development that optimize existing and planned Facilities, services and transportation infrastructure, The General Plan facilitates the broadening of the City's tax has by actively facilitating revenue and employment generating development_ As discussed in Section III of this document, buildout of the proposed General Plan, annexation and SGI areas is expected to result in net positive economic impacts to the City. Given La Quinta' s central location within the Coachella Valley, and the increased demand for construction workers and supplies, utilities, landscaping materials, and other goods and community services that would be associated with buildout, these positive economic effects are likely to extend beyond the City's boundaries. No significant adverse cumulative impacts associated with socio- economic resources are expected to result from adoption and implementation of the La Quinta General Plan, or with buildout of annexation No, 12 and the sphere of influence amendment v t II-8 TN/City of La Quints Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section IX --Organizations, Persons and Documents Consulted CITY OF LA QUINTA DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IRONMENTAL IMPACT ••EPORT FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL PLAN, ANNEXATION NO. 12 AND SPHERE OF INFLUENCE AMENDMENT I. ORGANIZATIONS, PERSONS AND DOCUMENTS CONSULTED A. Project Proponent City of La Quinta 78-495 Calle Tampico La Quinta, CA 92253 B. Planning/Environmental Consultant Nicole Sauviat Criste Terra Nava Planning & Research, Inc. 400 South Farrell Dr., Suite B-205 Palm Springs, CA 92252 C. Transportation Consultant John Kane RKIK &. Associates, Inc. 1601 Dove Street, Suite 290 Newport Beach, CA 92660 IX-1 TN/City of La Quint Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section IX— Organizations, Persons and Documents Consulted D. Biological Consultant Larry LaPre, Ph.D. Tierra Madre Consultants 1159 Iowa Avenue, Suite D Riverside, CA 92507 E. Archaeology Consultant Bruce Love, Ph.D. CRM Tech 2411 Sunset Drive Riverside, CA 92506 G. Noise Consultant RKJK & Associates, Inc. 1601 Dove Street, Suite 290 Newport Beach, CA 92660 H. Geotechnical Consultant Tapia Gonzalez, CEG Earth Consultants International, Inc. 2522 North Santiago Blvd., Suite B Grange, CA 92867 1. City of La Quinta Jerry Herman, Community Development Director Christine Dilorio, Planning Manager Fred Baker, Principal Planner Steve Spear, City Engineer Britt Wilson, Assistant to the City Manager J. Coachella Valley Water District Thomas Levy, General Manager Bruce Clark, Principal Sanitation Engineer Todd Jorgenson K. 1Vlyoma Dunes Mutual Water Company Warren Stallard, General Manager TNICity of La Quirnto Cufnprehensive General P1an1Draft L+IR Section DC —Organizations, Persons and Document; Consulted L. Utilities Coachella Valley Water District Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company Imperial Irrigation District GTE California The Gas Company Time Warner Waste Management of the Desert M. Public Agencies Riverside County Planning Department City of Palm Desert Planning Department City of Indian Wells Planning Department City of Coachella Planning Department City of Indio Planning Department Riverside County Fire Department Riverside County Sheriff's Department Riverside County Waste Management Department Riverside County. Library System City of La Quinta Public Library Coachella Valley Unified School District Desert Sands Unified School District South Coast Air Quality Management District Coachella Valley Association of Governments Southern California Association of Governments California Department of Transportation California Office of Planning and Research California Department of Finance California Department of Fish and Game California integrated Waste Management Board U.S Bureau of Land Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service N. Quasi -Public and Other Agencies Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy Sunline Transit Agency TX-3 IN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft E1R Section IX — Organizations, Persons and Documents Consulted 4. Medical Facilities John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital Eisenhower Medical Center Desert Hospital P. Documents • . Western Coachella Valley Plan, County of Riverside, adopted December 31, 1985, amended through August 30, 1994. • Eastern Coachella Valley ]tart, County of Riverside, adopted July 2, 1985, amended through December 27, 1994. • Riverside County Comprehensive General Flap, Riverside County Planning Department, adopted March 6, 1984 and revised June 3, 1993. • City of Palm Desert General Plan Land Use Map, Planning/Public Works, City of Palm Desert, adopted June 22, 1995. • Cily of Indio General Plan — 2020. Volumes I and 11, Chambers Group, Inc., October 1993. • City of La Quinta General Ilan Update Traffic Study, (Revised), RKJK & Associates, Inc., September 28, 2000. • Golf Cart Rote Evaluation. City of La Quinta, RKJK & Associates, Inc,, September 11, 2000. • Technical Background Report to the Safety Element of the General'P1ari for the City of La Quinta, Earth Consultants International, November 10, 1999. • Engineer's Report an 'Water Supply and Replenishment Assessment 1998/99, Water Resources Branch, Engineering Department, Coachella Valley Water District, April 1998. • The Effect of Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Systems on Groundwater Within Cathedral City, Desert Water Agency, February 1993. • Environmental Impact A.rr_alvs Handbook, edited by John G. Rau and David G. Wooten, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980. • City of La Quinta General Plan Biolouical Assessment, 'Tierra Madre Consultants, Inc., December 1999. IX-4 TNICity of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft Section IX - Organizations, Persons and Documents Consulted • Federal Register, p. 13136, Vol. 63, No. 52, March 18, 1998. • Biological Ana1 rsis of Three Conservation Alternatives for the Coachella Valley Multi-S -cies Habitat Conservation Plan/NCCP, Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy, Larch 20, 1998. • Coachella Valley Fringe -toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan. The Nature Conservancy, Technical Authorship: Lawrence LaPre, Ph.D., August 1984, • Cultural Resources EIement. City of La Quinta Gemeta1 Plan, CRM Tech, October 4, 1999, revised November 21, 1999. • The Cahuilla, Lowell John Bean and Lisa Bourgeult, Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. • Gold Road to La Paz: An Interpretive Guide to the Bradshaw Trail, Delmer G. [toss, Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company. • ukat's People: The Cahuilla kndians of Southern California, Lowell John Bean, University of California Press, 1972. • City of La (; uinta Historic Resources Survey.olume 2: Survey Forms, Mellon and Associates, 1997. • Historical Resources Record, La Quirtta Cale Thematic Historic District, O'Connor and Steigerneyer, 1997. • City ofLa Quinta Municipal Code. • California Environmental Ouality Act ^ Statutes -and Guidelines, Governor's Office of Planning and Research, State of California, June 1992. • 1997 Air Ouality Managernertt Plan, South Coast Air Quality Management District. • Coachella Valle PMIO Attainment Rcdcsi nati n Re nest and Maintenance Plai South Coast Air Quality Management District., September 1996. • CEOA Air Quality Handl2ook, South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. • Developer'sJ.vlanual for the Preparation of Project -Specific Local Air Ouality Management Plans to Control P 10 and Other Harmful missions, Terra Nova Planning & Research, Inc., 1992. 1X-5 TN/City of La Quinta Comprehensive General Plan/Draft EIR Section IX — organizations, Persons and Documents Cnnsalted • State Implementation Plan for PMIO in the Coachella Valley, South Coast Air Quality Management District, November 1990. • Guidelines for the Preaaration and Cant rat of the Noise Element of the General Plan, California Department of Health Services, 1990. * Cit of uittta . o e Element L date Tech tical Re ot- , RICK Inc., September 22, 2003. ■ Guidelines for Preparation cf Env'roumental Assessments r Solid Waste impacts, compilation of data provided by California Integrated Waste Management Board. • 1998 -Yearly Project Status Report, Waste Management of the Desert, letter correspondence, Ivlarclt 6, 2000. • City/County Po rtlatiou and Housin Estimates, California Department of Finance, January 1, 1999. • 1998-99 Ecuii c Develo Ynt Plan: S ate ies and Tasks to Stimulate Private investment in La Quinta, Rosenow Spevacek Group, Inc. April 1998. • La Quinta Market Analysis an Comrretitive Position Within the Coachella Val vt, Sedway Group, January 25. 1999. • Demographic Reference Guide. Zip Cade Edition, Urban Decision Systems, 1993. • Wheeler's Desert Letter_ 1992 edition, • C4}Iuu uni Economic Deve n rnent Pr a for L uinta. Riverside County, California. Riverside County Economic Development Agency, 1997. ■ Profile of Development Pr .spects fox the Cathedral City General ann, Ecorzornics Research Associates, February 15, 1996. • Whecier',s desert Letter, January 1, 199+5. • City of i.,a Quinta. Annual Budget, Fiscal Y 2000 2 01. • Dollars and Cent of Shp ine C nters, Urban Land institute, 1997. LX-6